CN114029872B - Grinding wheel for grinding difficult-to-machine material and preparation method - Google Patents
Grinding wheel for grinding difficult-to-machine material and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114029872B CN114029872B CN202111373883.7A CN202111373883A CN114029872B CN 114029872 B CN114029872 B CN 114029872B CN 202111373883 A CN202111373883 A CN 202111373883A CN 114029872 B CN114029872 B CN 114029872B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/20—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
- B24D3/28—Resins or natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds
- B24D3/32—Resins or natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds for porous or cellular structure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0009—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for using moulds or presses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
- B24D3/342—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent
- B24D3/344—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent the bonding agent being organic
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a grinding wheel for grinding difficult-to-machine materials, which mainly comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 25-38 parts of mixed abrasive, 4-6.5 parts of abrasive surface modifier, 35-42.5 parts of bonding agent and 5-35 parts of kyanite fiber. The grinding wheel is good in sharpness, few in finishing times and high in adaptability to materials difficult to machine, and the technical problems that existing like products are difficult to machine and low in machining efficiency are solved. The novel dressing tool and the dressing process are adopted in the preparation process of the grinding wheel, so that the edge emergence height of the grinding material of the grinding wheel abrasive layer is increased, the integral dressing effect of the grinding wheel is improved, the sharpness of the grinding wheel is improved, the processing efficiency of workpieces of the type is improved, and the technical problem that the existing high-temperature alloy, composite ceramic coating, titanium alloy and other materials which are difficult to process are difficult to machine are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of superhard grinding tools and finishing processing, and particularly relates to a grinding wheel for grinding a difficult-to-process material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Refractory materials such as high-temperature alloys, composite ceramic coatings and titanium alloys generally have the advantages of high strength, corrosion resistance, excellent thermal stability and the like, and are widely applied to important fields such as aerospace, intelligent equipment manufacturing and the like. However, due to the difficult machinability of the material, the problems of serious abrasion of the grinding wheel for machining, frequent trimming, poor workpiece surface machining quality and the like often occur, so that the material is difficult to machine and low in machining efficiency, and the instability can affect the surface quality stability, residual stress and the like of the workpiece, so that a reliable product is difficult to provide for high-end precision manufacturing parts, and the development of related industries is restricted.
The preparation method of the grinding wheel generally comprises the procedures of material mixing, hot press molding, sintering, turning and grinding machine processing, trimming and the like, and the trimming effect of the grinding wheel directly influences the grinding performance of the grinding wheel, and the trimming generally comprises two aspects of trimming and sharpening (edging). The existing dressing tools and dressing processes for silicon carbide grinding wheels, mild steel and the like can meet the dressing requirements of conventional superhard grinders, but still have the defects of poor dressing effect, such as low abrasive cutting height of an abrasive layer, more falling of the abrasive and the like. Therefore, a new trimming method is urgently needed to solve the existing technical problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a grinding wheel for grinding a difficult-to-machine material, which has the advantages of good sharpness, few trimming times and high adaptability to the difficult-to-machine material, and solves the technical problems of difficult machining and low machining efficiency of the conventional similar products.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the grinding wheel for grinding the difficult-to-machine materials, and the preparation method adopts a new finishing tool and a new finishing process to improve the edge-projecting height of the grinding materials of the grinding layer of the grinding wheel and improve the integral sharpening effect of the grinding wheel, thereby improving the sharpness of the grinding wheel, improving the machining efficiency of the workpieces and solving the technical problem that the existing difficult-to-machine materials such as high-temperature alloy, composite ceramic coating, titanium alloy and the like are difficult to machine.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a grinding wheel for grinding difficult-to-machine materials is mainly composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 25-38 parts of mixed abrasive, 4-6.5 parts of abrasive surface modifier, 35-42.5 parts of bonding agent and 5-35 parts of kyanite fiber.
Specifically, the mixed abrasive is prepared by mixing 30% of chromium-plated Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN), detonation polycrystalline diamond and foam diamond according to the mass ratio of (3-4).
Specifically, the abrasive surface modifier is formed by mixing a Z6040 coupling agent and dimethylacetamide according to a mass ratio of 3-4:1.
Specifically, the bonding agent is formed by mixing bismaleimide resin and hexafluoro dianhydride modified polyimide resin according to the mass of 1:1-3.
Specifically, the diameter of the kyanite fiber is 1-3 microns, and the length of the kyanite fiber is 5-20 microns.
In the formula of the grinding wheel for grinding the difficult-to-machine material, the adopted raw materials are all common commercially available products which can be directly purchased. Wherein, 30 percent of the chromium-plated CBN contains a thinner plating layer, and combines the detonation polycrystalline diamond and the foam diamond which are easy to break and have sharp cutting edges, and the mixed use gives consideration to the characteristics of sharpness and wear resistance of the grinding material; the abrasive surface modifier Z6040 and the dimethylacetamide both contain organic active functional groups, so that the bonding effect of the abrasive, the kyanite fibers and the resin can be effectively improved; the bonding agent is hexafluoro dianhydride modified polyimide resin and bismaleimide resin, both of which have higher heat resistance, and are beneficial to improving the high-temperature grinding thermal shock resistance generated by grinding difficult-to-process materials; the kyanite fiber is prepared by a melt blowing method, has heat resistance up to 1000 ℃, has the function of the kyanite as the active filler of the grinding wheel, and has the effect of reinforcing the structural strength of the grinding wheel by fiber yarns.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the grinding wheel for grinding the difficult-to-process material, which comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the mixed abrasive, the abrasive surface modifier and the kyanite fiber in proportion, adding the bonding agent, uniformly mixing to obtain a molding material, and performing hot press molding, sintering, machining by a lathe grinder and finishing to obtain a finished grinding wheel product; the trimming specifically comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that an unhardened chromium-molybdenum-niobium alloy bar or a ring is used as a dressing tool (the Rockwell hardness of the chromium-molybdenum-niobium alloy bar or the ring is HRC 38-45), the grinding wheel is dressed and edged according to the rotating speed ratio of the dressing tool to the grinding wheel to be dressed of 1:3-5, the single-time feed rate of 0.005-0.02mm and the dressing rate of 0.10-0.50mm, the sharpening height of an abrasive is about 1/2.5-1/3 of the abrasive grain size, the abrasive is less in falling off, and the abrasive layer of the grinding wheel is sharp.
In the process of preparing the grinding wheel, the hot press molding, sintering and turning and grinding machine processing are all carried out by adopting the conventional technology in the field. For example, the hot press molding process parameters may be: hot pressing temperature is 210-230 ℃, hot pressing pressure is 6-15MPa, and pressing time is 30-60min; the sintering process parameters can be as follows: the sintering temperature is 230 ℃, and the sintering time is 12-16 hours. One of the innovation points of the invention is that the unbquenched chromium-molybdenum-niobium alloy bar or ring is selected as a trimming tool in the trimming procedure. The non-quenched chromium-molybdenum-niobium alloy has the characteristics of low hardness and good ductility, and is beneficial to brittle removal of the components of the bonding agent and small-degree friction and abrasion of the grinding material during grinding wheel dressing, so that a good dressing effect is promoted. Compared with the prior art, the grinding wheel has good sharpness, less trimming times and high adaptability to materials difficult to machine, and solves the problems of difficult machining and low machining efficiency of the product; the grinding wheel adopts a new dressing method to realize good dressing effects of high abrasive cutting edge of the abrasive layer and low abrasive particle falling proportion. The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the grinding wheel for grinding the difficult-to-machine material and the dressing method thereof can realize the machinability and reliability of the difficult-to-machine material, obtain good dressing effect of the grinding wheel by the new dressing method, solve the current situations of difficult machining and low machining efficiency of the product, and overcome the technical problems of serious abrasion, frequent dressing, low machining efficiency, poor workpiece surface machining quality and the like of the traditional grinding wheel for machining.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
In the following examples, the mixed abrasive used was composed of 30% chromium plated cubic boron nitride CBN, detonation method polycrystalline diamond, foamed diamond mixed in a mass ratio of 4. The abrasive surface modifier is formed by mixing a Z6040 coupling agent and dimethylacetamide according to a mass ratio of 3:1. The bonding agent is formed by mixing bismaleimide resin and hexafluorodianhydride modified polyimide resin according to the mass 1:2.
In the examples, the starting materials used were all common commercial products. For example, the 30% chromium plated cubic boron nitride CBN is available from feinan diamond industries, ltd, of type B1500Cr30; detonation polycrystalline diamond was purchased from Beijing German island gold technologies, inc.; foam diamonds were purchased from Cudrania tricuspidata Huifeng Diamond science and technology, inc. Kyanite fibers were purchased from the Hainan Provisions New materials science and technology Co.
Example 1:
a grinding wheel for grinding difficult-to-machine materials is characterized in that a grinding material layer of the grinding wheel consists of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 38 parts of mixed abrasive, 6.5 parts of abrasive surface modifier, 40.5 parts of bonding agent and 15 parts of kyanite fiber. The diameter of the kyanite fiber is 3 microns, and the length of the kyanite fiber is 20 microns.
The preparation method of the grinding wheel for grinding the difficult-to-process material comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the mixed abrasive, the abrasive surface modifier and the kyanite fiber in proportion, adding the bonding agent, uniformly mixing to obtain a molding material, and carrying out hot press molding (the technological parameters are that the hot press temperature is 230 ℃, the hot press pressure is 10MPa, and the press time is 50 min), sintering (the technological parameters are that the sintering temperature is 230 ℃, and the sintering time is 12 h), turning and grinding machine processing and finishing to obtain a finished grinding wheel; the trimming specifically comprises the following steps:
the trimming method comprises the following steps: adopting a chromium-molybdenum-niobium alloy rod with the hardness of HRC40 as a dressing tool, wherein the rotating speed of a dressed grinding wheel is 1350rpm, and the rotating speed of the dressing tool is 320rpm; finishing process: the single feed amount of the grinding wheel is 0.020mm and the trimming amount is 0.20mm in the first stage, the single feed amount of the grinding wheel is 0.005mm and the trimming amount is 0.10mm in the second stage, and the grinding wheel is trimmed and edged.
Example 2:
a grinding wheel for grinding difficult-to-machine materials is characterized in that a grinding material layer of the grinding wheel consists of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30 parts of mixed abrasive, 5 parts of abrasive surface modifier, 35 parts of bonding agent and 30 parts of kyanite fiber. The diameter of the kyanite fiber is 1 micron, and the length of the kyanite fiber is 5 microns.
The method for producing the grinding wheel for grinding a material difficult to machine is as follows, and otherwise, with reference to example 1:
the trimming method comprises the following steps: adopting a chromium-molybdenum-niobium alloy ring with the hardness of HRC38 as a dressing tool, wherein the rotation speed of a to-be-dressed grinding wheel is 1150rpm, and the rotation speed of the dressing tool is 290rpm; and (3) finishing process: the single feed amount of the grinding wheel in the first stage is 0.015mm, the dressing amount is 0.18mm, the single feed amount of the grinding wheel in the second stage is 0.005mm, and the dressing amount is 0.12mm, and the grinding wheel is subjected to shaping and edging.
Example 3:
a grinding wheel for grinding difficult-to-machine materials is characterized in that a grinding material layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 25 parts of mixed abrasive, 4 parts of abrasive surface modifier, 38 parts of bonding agent and 33 parts of kyanite fiber. The diameter of the kyanite fiber is 2 microns, and the length of the kyanite fiber is 10 microns.
The method for producing the grinding wheel for grinding a material difficult to machine is as follows, and otherwise, with reference to example 1:
the trimming method comprises the following steps: taking a chromium-molybdenum-niobium alloy rod with the hardness of HRC45 as a dressing tool, wherein the rotation speed of a dressed grinding wheel is 1440rpm, and the rotation speed of the dressing tool is 480rpm; and (3) finishing process: the single feed amount of the grinding wheel in the first stage is 0.015mm, the dressing amount is 0.15mm, the single feed amount of the grinding wheel in the second stage is 0.005mm, and the dressing amount is 0.10 mm.
Dressing effect test
Aiming at the grinding wheel, compared with the conventional dressing method (the dressing tool is a silicon carbide grinding wheel and 45# steel), the dressing method disclosed by the invention has the dressing effect shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 dressing effect of Experimental examples and comparative examples
The results of the trimming test of table 1 above show that: the trimming method of the invention, which adopts the chromium molybdenum niobium alloy bar with the hardness of HRC40 as the trimming tool, is far superior to the comparative examples of the trimming tools, namely the silicon carbide grinding wheel and 45# steel, in the aspects of the loss of the trimming tool, the edge height of the grinding material and the falling rate of the grinding material, and the trimming effect is better.
Grinding effect test
Grinding aiming at GH4169 high-temperature alloy workpieces: the grinding wheels prepared in examples 1 to 3 were subjected to a grinding test of GH4169 superalloy workpieces (specification Φ 20mm × 110mm, number of 600 pieces, single piece machining allowance of 0.10 mm) with a resin bond diamond grinding wheel (comparative example 1) and a resin bond CBN grinding wheel (comparative example 2) under the same conditions. The specification of the grinding wheel is 1A1 350 × 40 × 127 × 10, and the resin bond diamond grinding wheel and the resin bond CBN grinding wheel are all common commercial products (purchased from zheng state grinding tool grinding research institute limited). The results of the grinding tests are shown in table 2.
Table 2 grinding test results of the grinding wheels of the experimental example and the comparative example
The test results of table 2 above show that: the conventional diamond and CBN grinding wheels of the comparative example have the advantages of more dressing times, fast grinding wheel abrasion, long processing time consumption and poor processing quality reliability, while the grinding wheels prepared in the embodiments 1 to 3 of the invention have the advantages of less dressing times, less grinding wheel abrasion and short processing time consumption, namely, the data on the aspects of the dressing times, the grinding wheel abrasion and the processing time are better, the surface quality of a processed workpiece has no defects of burning, scratching and the like, and the processing feasibility and the processing efficiency are high.
Claims (4)
1. The grinding wheel for grinding the difficult-to-machine materials is characterized in that a grinding material layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 25-38 parts of mixed abrasive, 4-6.5 parts of abrasive surface modifier, 35-42.5 parts of bonding agent and 5-35 parts of kyanite fiber;
the abrasive surface modifier is formed by mixing a Z6040 coupling agent and dimethylacetamide according to a mass ratio of 3-4:1;
the bonding agent is formed by mixing bismaleimide resin and hexafluoro dianhydride modified polyimide resin according to the mass 1:1-3.
2. The grinding wheel for grinding difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 1, wherein the mixed abrasive is formed by mixing 30% of chromium-plated cubic boron nitride, detonation method polycrystalline diamond and foam diamond in a mass ratio of 3-4.
3. The grinding wheel for grinding difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the kyanite fiber is 1 to 3 μm, and the length thereof is 5 to 20 μm.
4. The method for preparing the grinding wheel for grinding the difficult-to-process material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that the mixed abrasive, the abrasive surface modifier and the kyanite fiber are mixed uniformly according to a proportion, then the bonding agent is added and mixed uniformly to obtain a molding material, and a finished grinding wheel product is prepared through hot press molding, sintering, turning and grinding machine processing and finishing; the trimming specifically comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that an unquenched chromium-molybdenum-niobium alloy bar or a ring is used as a dressing tool, and the grinding wheel is dressed and edged according to the rotating speed ratio of the dressing tool to the grinding wheel to be dressed of 1:3-5, the single feed amount of 0.005-0.02mm and the dressing amount of 0.1-0.5 mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111373883.7A CN114029872B (en) | 2021-11-19 | 2021-11-19 | Grinding wheel for grinding difficult-to-machine material and preparation method |
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| CN202111373883.7A CN114029872B (en) | 2021-11-19 | 2021-11-19 | Grinding wheel for grinding difficult-to-machine material and preparation method |
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| CN114029872B true CN114029872B (en) | 2023-01-31 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2017211143A1 (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2017-12-14 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | Additive raw material composition and additive for superhard material product and preparation method therefor, composite binder and superhard material product, self-sharpening diamond wheel and preparation method therefor |
| CN106737247B (en) * | 2017-01-03 | 2018-12-28 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of grinding tool of high tangential grinding force and low normal grinding force |
| CN109015422A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2018-12-18 | 安徽砥钻砂轮有限公司 | A kind of resinoid bond abrasive cut-off wheel of high intensity |
| CN112059930B (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2021-11-26 | 新乡市荣锋材料科技有限公司 | Grinding block for grinding disc for alloy material processing, preparation method of grinding block and grinding disc |
| CN112296892A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-02-02 | 江苏赛扬精工科技有限责任公司 | Resin superhard grinding wheel for processing tough metal material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113547459B (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2022-07-19 | 广东新劲刚金刚石工具有限公司 | Modified PA-66 composite resin diamond grinding tool and preparation method thereof |
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