CN114027184B - 一种多倍体所罗门郁金的快速诱导方法 - Google Patents

一种多倍体所罗门郁金的快速诱导方法 Download PDF

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CN114027184B
CN114027184B CN202111200947.3A CN202111200947A CN114027184B CN 114027184 B CN114027184 B CN 114027184B CN 202111200947 A CN202111200947 A CN 202111200947A CN 114027184 B CN114027184 B CN 114027184B
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毛俐慧
曹雪蕊
董青
胡伟
邹清成
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Zhejiang Institute Of Landscape Plants And Flowers
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种多倍体所罗门郁金的快速诱导方法。包括如下步骤:1)选取二倍体所罗门郁金种球萌发出的芽作为愈伤组织诱导材料;2)以MS培养基结合激素作为愈伤诱导培养基;3)以秋水仙碱溶液浸泡愈伤组织;4)在MS培养基结合激素上进行分化培养;5)培养两周后,进行继代培养;6)出苗后加倍成功率达43.33%;7)四倍体植株气孔开度为10μm,相较二倍体增大了45.98%,另外单位面积四倍体气孔数目比二倍体减少了37.89%。

Description

一种多倍体所罗门郁金的快速诱导方法
技术领域
本发明属于植物组织培养的技术领域,涉及一种多倍体所罗门郁金的快速诱导方法。
背景技术
姜黄属花卉应用场景广泛,可做切花、盆花、地栽,在我国南方及长江流域地区已应用多年且深受大众喜爱。该属花卉花型独特,花期长,做观赏用辨识度很高,但是该属品种不多,国内市场仅30多个常用品种,开发选育新品种是亟待开展的工作。但是姜黄属传统杂交育种工作很难开展,大多数品种结实率极低。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种多倍体所罗门郁金的快速诱导方法。
一种多倍体所罗门郁金的快速诱导方法,包括如下步骤:
1)选取二倍体所罗门郁金种球萌发出的芽作为愈伤组织诱导材料;
2)以MS培养基结合激素配比TDZ 0.5+BA 0.5+2,4-D 0.3作为愈伤诱导培养基,单位为mg/L;进行愈伤诱导培养;
3)以100mg/L的秋水仙碱溶液浸泡愈伤组织28小时;
4)存活的愈伤组织在MS培养基结合激素配比BA 2.0+TDZ 0.5+NAA 0.2上进行分化培养,单位为mg/L;
5)分化培养基培养两周后,转入MS+ BA 0.5培养基进行继代培养,3-4周后幼苗达5cm以上。
所述的芽采用0.1%的升汞进行消毒8min。
步骤2),愈伤诱导培养,光照时间为16h每天,温度为28℃。
步骤4),分化培养,光照时间为16h每天,温度为28℃。
步骤5),出苗后用细泥炭做基质,栽种于穴盘,放置于温室大棚。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明首次诱导出姜黄属观赏花卉的多倍体,且育种时间短,育种效率高,节省了育种成本。开创新的育种技术对于品种数量不多,杂交困难的姜黄属花卉而言,在品种的推陈出新方面意义重大,多倍体往往具有更高的抗逆性,筛选更高抗性的品种以扩大市场应用范围(如将耐寒品种往长江流域以北应用)都是有益的。
附图说明
图1是 所罗门郁金开花图。
图2是 诱导出的健壮愈伤组织。
图3是 愈伤组织经秋水仙碱处理后部分致死。
图4是 经加倍处理的愈伤初分化出芽。
图5是 继代培养成苗。
图6是 二倍体(左)和四倍体(右)峰图。
图7是 四倍体(左)和二倍体(右)植株。
图8是 四倍体(左)和二倍体(右)植株。
图9是 四倍体(上)和二倍体(下)植株。
图10是 四倍体(上)与二倍体(下)植株叶表皮气孔。
图11是 新萌芽的种球。
图12是 长度为12-14cm的幼嫩茎尖。
图13是 致死的愈伤组织。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的阐述。
经过大量实验尝试,筛选出一种适合姜黄属花卉所罗门郁金(图1)的高效多倍体育种方法。具体实施步骤如下:
1)以所罗门叶片、芽、苞片、叶鞘作为外植体,用0.1%的升汞进行消毒8min,2%次氯酸钠消毒15分钟,结果表明对于叶片、苞片、叶鞘两种消毒方法都能起作用,但是对于芽,次氯酸钠消毒会使其坏死褐化,升汞消毒方法的成功率可达60%以上;叶片、苞片、叶鞘没有诱导出愈伤,因此后续试验以芽继续进行;
2)以MS培养基,蔗糖浓度30g/L,琼脂浓度0.6g/L,激素配比TDZ0.5+BA0.5+2,4-D0.3 (单位为mg/L)作为愈伤诱导培养基;光照时间为16h每天,温度为28℃,诱导出健壮愈伤组织(图2);
3)以100mg/L的秋水仙碱溶液浸泡愈伤组织28小时,即转入分化培养基,即MS培养基,蔗糖浓度30g/L,琼脂6 g/L,激素配比BA2.0+TDZ0.5+NAA 0.2(单位为mg/L),光照时间为16h每天,温度为28℃,1周之后愈伤组织经秋水仙碱处理后部分致死(图3),愈伤组织存活率约60%;
4)分化培养基培养两周后愈伤初分化出芽(图4),转入MS+ BA0.5培养基进行继代培养,光照时间为16h每天,温度为28℃上进行分化培养,3-4周后幼苗达5cm以上(图5);
5)出苗后用细泥炭做基质,栽种于穴盘,放置于温室大棚,幼苗经流式细胞术鉴定(图6)加倍成功率达43.33%;
6)四倍体植株较二倍体植株大(图7、图8、图9),气孔开度为10μm,相较二倍体6.85μm增大了45.98%,另外四倍体气孔数量少,单位面积四倍体气孔数目比二倍体减少了37.89%(图10,表1)。
表1. 四倍体与二倍体气孔特征
Figure 358822DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
用该方法进行加倍育种,获得的多倍体概率高,达40%以上,且还偶获一株三倍体植株,三倍体植株体型较二倍体粗大很多,后续可以扩繁后进行表型性状和生理性状的考察。
比较例 各尝试失败或效率较低的案例
方法一:秋水仙素浸泡新萌芽的种球(图11)
浸泡新萌芽的种球,浸泡时间12-48h,浓度0.2%-1%,浸泡完成后用细泥炭、蛭石混合基质种植于穴盘中,放置于大棚内成苗后检测,结果不能诱导出多倍体。
方法二:秋水仙素滴幼嫩茎尖
用秋水仙素滴幼嫩茎尖(图12),浓度0.2%-1%,连续3天每天滴一次总共3次,或隔天滴一次总共3次,完成后用细泥炭、蛭石混合基质种植于穴盘中,放置于大棚内成苗后检测,结果不能诱导出多倍体。
方法三:秋水仙素浸泡愈伤组织
与实施例相同的方法诱导出愈伤组织,秋水仙素浓度0.2%,浸泡时间32h,愈伤组织与实施例相同的培养基及培养条件下分化培养,结果愈伤组织全致死(图13),不能长成新植株。
方法四:秋水仙素浸泡愈伤组织
与实施例相同的方法诱导出愈伤组织,秋水仙素浓度0.05%,浸泡时间16-28h, 与实施例相同的培养基及培养条件下分化培养,之后以实施例相同的方法继代培养,成苗后检测多倍体诱导率仅10%左右。

Claims (5)

1.一种多倍体所罗门郁金的快速诱导方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)选取二倍体所罗门郁金种球萌发出的芽作为愈伤组织诱导材料;
2)以MS培养基结合激素配比TDZ 0.5 mg/L+BA 0.5 mg/L+2,4-D 0.3 mg/L作为愈伤诱导培养基,进行愈伤诱导培养;
3)以100mg/L的秋水仙碱溶液浸泡愈伤组织28小时;
4)存活的愈伤组织在MS培养基结合激素配比BA 2.0 mg/L+TDZ 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L上进行分化培养;
5)分化培养基培养两周后,转入MS+ BA 0.5 mg/L培养基进行继代培养,3-4周后幼苗达5cm以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的芽采用0.1%的升汞进行消毒8min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤2)愈伤诱导培养,光照时间为16h每天,温度为28℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤4)分化培养,光照时间为16h每天,温度为28℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤5),出苗后用细泥炭做基质,栽种于穴盘,放置于温室大棚。
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