CN114024133B - Novel dipole antenna - Google Patents
Novel dipole antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN114024133B CN114024133B CN202210005622.8A CN202210005622A CN114024133B CN 114024133 B CN114024133 B CN 114024133B CN 202210005622 A CN202210005622 A CN 202210005622A CN 114024133 B CN114024133 B CN 114024133B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/34—Adaptation for use in or on ships, submarines, buoys or torpedoes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
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Abstract
The present invention provides a novel dipole antenna, comprising: the antenna comprises a feed source, a first main radiator, a second main radiator, a first parasitic radiator and a second parasitic radiator, wherein the first main radiator, the second main radiator, the first parasitic radiator and the second parasitic radiator are all linear conductors; the first main radiator is connected with the second main radiator through a feed source; the first parasitic radiator is connected with the first main radiator; the second parasitic radiator is connected with the second main radiator. The invention overcomes the defect of insufficient signal omni-directionality when the traditional linear whip antenna is inclined on the water surface by introducing the V-shaped scattering multi-section antenna structure design of the first parasitic radiator and the second parasitic radiator, so that the novel dipole antenna can still keep larger signal omni-directionality and gain under the condition of extremely fluctuating water surface, and the reliability of information transmission is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water surface unmanned ship antenna short wave communication, in particular to a novel dipole antenna.
Background
Unmanned surface vehicles are commonly used to perform surface tasks, using whip antennas mounted on the top to transmit and receive information to and from targets at short distances, both offshore and airborne. Because hull is small, the quality is light, and its height of carrying on the antenna receives very big restriction, often adopts the ultrashort wave band to communicate. The traditional whip antenna has low cost and is convenient to manufacture, has good omni-directionality in the vertical state on the sea surface, and can ensure good communication effect.
However, since seawater is an excellent conductor and has a good shielding performance for high-frequency electromagnetic waves, when the conventional whip antenna is influenced by seawater flow to be inclined, electromagnetic waves radiated from the antenna side close to the sea surface are greatly absorbed by seawater (as shown in fig. 1), so that a receiving target cannot receive signals and acquire information comprehensively, and the reliability of information transmission needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of at least one of the above-mentioned deficiencies or needs in the prior art, as set forth above, the present invention provides a novel dipole antenna for solving the problem of insufficient omni-directionality of signals when a conventional linear whip antenna is tilted on the water surface.
The present invention provides a novel dipole antenna, comprising: the antenna comprises a feed source, a first main radiator, a second main radiator, a first parasitic radiator and a second parasitic radiator, wherein the first main radiator, the second main radiator, the first parasitic radiator and the second parasitic radiator are all linear conductors;
the first main radiator is connected with the second main radiator through the feed source;
the first parasitic radiator is connected with the first main radiator;
the second parasitic radiator is connected with the second main radiator.
According to the novel dipole antenna provided by the invention, the sum of the line lengths of the first main radiator, the second main radiator, the first parasitic radiator and the second parasitic radiator is the half wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the novel dipole antenna.
According to the novel dipole antenna provided by the invention, the first parasitic radiator is movably connected with the first main radiator.
According to the novel dipole antenna provided by the invention, the second parasitic radiator is movably connected with the second main radiator.
According to the novel dipole antenna provided by the present invention, the sum of the line lengths of the first parasitic radiator and the first main radiator is equal to the sum of the line lengths of the second parasitic radiator and the second main radiator, and the sizes and the shapes of the cross sections of the first main radiator, the second main radiator, the first parasitic radiator and the second parasitic radiator are all the same.
According to the novel dipole antenna provided by the invention, the cross section is circular.
According to the novel dipole antenna provided by the invention, the line lengths of the first main radiator and the second main radiator are equal.
According to the novel dipole antenna provided by the invention, one or more of the first main radiator, the second main radiator, the first parasitic radiator and the second parasitic radiator are telescopic linear conductors.
The invention overcomes the defect of insufficient signal omni-directionality when the traditional linear whip antenna is inclined on the water surface by introducing the V-shaped scattering multi-section antenna structure design of the first parasitic radiator and the second parasitic radiator, so that the novel dipole antenna can still keep larger signal omni-directionality and gain under the condition of extremely fluctuating water surface, and the reliability of information transmission is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments, and it is obvious for a person skilled in the art to obtain drawings of other embodiments according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a working state of a conventional whip antenna carried by an unmanned surface vehicle on a fluctuating sea surface in the prior art;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a novel dipole antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a novel dipole antenna with a cylindrical symmetrical shape according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of radiation of a main radiator of the novel dipole antenna with a cylindrical symmetrical shape to a certain point in a far field according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of radiation of a parasitic radiator of the novel dipole antenna with a cylindrical symmetrical shape to a certain point in a far field according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows a novel dipole antenna with a symmetrical cylindrical shape tilted with respect to the sea level according to an embodiment of the present inventionΦA state diagram of degrees;
FIG. 7 shows a novel dipole antenna with a symmetrical cylindrical shape tilted with respect to the sea level according to an embodiment of the present inventionΦState equivalent graphs of degrees;
fig. 8 is a comparison of the signal radiation patterns of the novel dipole antenna with cylindrical symmetry provided by the embodiment of the present invention and the conventional whip antenna in a vertical state with respect to the sea level;
FIG. 9 shows a novel dipole antenna and a conventional whip antenna of cylindrical symmetry tilted 30 with respect to the sea level according to an embodiment of the present inventionoComparing signal radiation patterns at an angle;
reference numerals:
in fig. 2, 1 is a first main radiator, 2 is a second main radiator, 3 is a first parasitic radiator, 4 is a second parasitic radiator, and 5 is a feed source.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a novel dipole antenna, including: a feed source 5, and a first main radiator 1, a second main radiator 2, a first parasitic radiator 3, and a second parasitic radiator 4, which are all linear conductors.
The first main radiator 1 is connected to the second main radiator 2 via a feed 5.
The first parasitic radiator 3 is connected to the first main radiator 1.
The second parasitic radiator 4 is connected to the second main radiator 2.
The feed source is a basic component of a parabolic antenna and a Cassegrain antenna and is a primary radiator of a high-gain antenna. The function of the device is to radiate the radio frequency power from the feeder line to a reflecting surface or a lens and the like in the form of electromagnetic waves, so that the radio frequency power generates proper field distribution on the caliber to form a required sharp beam or a required shaped beam; and simultaneously, the power leaked from the edge of the reflecting surface or the lens is reduced as much as possible so as to realize the gain as high as possible.
The linear conductor is a linear rod-shaped conductor, so that the conductor looks like a rod. The linear conductors may have different cross-sectional shapes and sizes and different lengths, and the connection relationship between the linear conductors may be a fixed connection with a fixed relative position or a movable connection with no fixed relative position (for example, the first parasitic radiator 3 is connected to the first main radiator 1 through a shaft, and the rotation along the shaft is realized through a control system of the antenna).
Through the design of the 'V-like' scattered multi-section antenna structure with the parasitic radiator, even if one side of the novel dipole antenna (for example, the side of the second main radiator 2 and the second parasitic radiator 4) is completely immersed in water due to severe fluctuation of the water surface, the other side of the antenna (the side of the first main radiator 1 and the first parasitic radiator 3) is raised above the water surface and continuously radiates electromagnetic waves in all directions, so that the problem of a radiation blind area of the traditional whip antenna is solved.
In order to reduce various adverse effects due to the size of the antenna conductor itself as much as possible, it is preferable that the first main radiator 1, the second main radiator 2, the first parasitic radiator 3, and the second parasitic radiator 4 be as thin as possible.
Preferably, the respective line lengths of the first main radiator 1, the second main radiator 2, the first parasitic radiator 3 and the second parasitic radiator 4 arel 1、l 2、l 3、l 4The sum is equal to half the wavelength (lambda/2) of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the new dipole antenna.
Preferably, the first parasitic radiator 3 is movably connected to the first main radiator 1, and the second parasitic radiator 4 is connected to the second main radiator 2 in a fixed or movable manner.
More preferably, the first parasitic radiator 3 is movably connected to the first main radiator 1 and the second parasitic radiator 4 is movably connected to the second main radiator 2.
The active connection of the parasitic radiator and the main radiator ensures that their relative positions can be changed if necessary.
For convenience of engineering and physical balance, it is preferable that the sum of the line lengths of the first parasitic radiator 3 and the first main radiator 1 is equal to the sum of the line lengths of the second parasitic radiator 4 and the second main radiator 2, and the cross-sections of the first main radiator 1, the second main radiator 2, the first parasitic radiator 3, and the second parasitic radiator 4 have the same size and shape.
The cross section of the antenna conductor can be square, triangular, elliptical or circular, and the like, and the shape is not limited, and the aforementioned technical problems can be solved. For convenience in engineering, it is preferable that the antenna conductor has a circular cross-sectional shape.
Preferably, the line lengths of the first main radiator 1 and the second main radiator 2 are equal, and the line lengths of the first parasitic radiator 3 and the second parasitic radiator 4 are equal. This completely symmetrical design makes the signal radiated by the antenna more stable.
Preferably, one or more of the first main radiator 1, the second main radiator 2, the first parasitic radiator 3 and the second parasitic radiator 4 are retractable linear-shaped conductors. In this way, the overall line length of the radiators (the respective line lengths of the first main radiator 1, the second main radiator 2, the first parasitic radiator 3 and the second parasitic radiator 4)l 1、l 2、l 3、l 4And sum) can be adjusted according to actual needs. When the very high frequency electromagnetic wave of a certain frequency needs to be radiated, the total line length of the radiator only needs to be adjusted to be half of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave of the frequency, so that the complexity of independently manufacturing a set of corresponding novel dipole antenna aiming at the very high frequency electromagnetic wave of the certain frequency is avoided.
The novel dipole antenna of the very high frequency band designed by combining the practical requirements of the short-distance offshore communication provides a practical foundation for realizing single-point communication of the unmanned surface vehicle under the complex sea condition, and also provides a reference basis for the offshore communication applied under the high sea condition. The communication of very high frequency band has not only guaranteed marine wireless communication's speed, makes the collection of mail target can obtain better SNR simultaneously, and the frequency range of very high frequency band is 30 MHz-300 MHz, combines unmanned ship of surface of water to carry on whip antenna and should not surpass 2 m, selects 75 MHz (whip antenna resonant length is 1 m) below, verifies this novel dipole antenna's design structure and radiation performance.
In FIG. 3, the total length of the novel dipole antenna is λ/2, and the single side of the main radiator antenna has a physical length ofl 1=l 2The included angle between the first main radiator and the second main radiator isαTaking the left single antenna as an example, the first parasitic radiator length can be calculatedl 3Is lambda/4-l 1. The novel dipole antenna nodes are numbered as shown in FIG. 3, and the feed points are labeledOThe intersections of the main radiator and the parasitic radiator are labeled A, B, respectively, dividing the novel dipole antenna into four sections. Four-section antenna respectively facing to a certain point of far fieldP(r,θ,φ) The field intensity of the antenna has certain influence, so that the calculation of the parameters of the novel dipole antenna needs to respectively obtain the superposed field intensity of the radiation of the four-section antenna in a far field, thereby determining the length of each part of the antenna and the included angle between main radiatorsαAnd (5) waiting for parameter indexes.
1. Field intensity calculation
Under the condition of not considering the influence of sea waves, the superposed field intensity of each part of the antenna in a far field is calculated, and because the antenna has a symmetrical structure,Othe current of the point isI(O) And at any point on the antenna,I max= I(O) The current at node A, B can be approximated as:
where k 2 pi/λ is the phase shift constant. The single-sided antenna parameters can be solved first, and the total antenna parameters can be solved by analogy. Dividing the antenna into infinite current elements by adopting a infinitesimal method, establishing a polar coordinate system, and regarding the electric basic oscillator, the expression of a far field region is as follows:
as shown in fig. 4, since the antenna at different angles has different coordinate systems, it is necessary to perform coordinate system conversion. Taking the left central point m and the right central point n of the novel dipole antenna, and the corresponding polar coordinates areThe included angles between the first main radiator 1 and the second main radiator 2 and the connection line of a certain point P and the origin of the far field are respectivelyβ、γAnd obtaining the distance between the far field point P and the middle points of the two antennas as follows:
according to the cosine theorem, the included angle can be obtained:
two sections of the antenna can be regarded as part of two symmetrical arrays in different directions, the distance between the antenna elementsOThe current element segments dz are point-taken and are respectively arranged in lengthl 1、l 2The integral is carried out, and the contribution of the integral to the far-field point P is calculated as:
it has been found that if the field strengths are superimposed at this point, the two antennas can cancel each other out in terms, but here a separate treatment has to be done, because the effect of high sea conditions on the two antennas is different when taking into account the wave factors.
The parasitic radiator can be regarded as a part of an antenna, and can be calculated by directly using the formula of the basic oscillator, and the equivalent diagram of the parasitic radiator is shown in fig. 5.
The equivalent symmetrical array is parallel to the transverse axis of the coordinate system, the size of the antenna is small, and one point is far fieldP(r,θ,φ) Can be directly usedθRepresenting the angle from the longitudinal axis, the resultant field strength of the two parasitic radiators to a point P in the far field is:
it can be shown that, under the condition of not being influenced by sea waves, the total radiation field intensity of the novel dipole oscillator vertically placed at the far field point P is as follows:
it should be noted that when there is wave influence, the energy term absorbed by the wave needs to be deducted to superpose the radiation field.
2. Radiation performance in inclined state
The unmanned ship of surface of water when undulant sea water surface work can produce the slope often, and at this moment, if inclination is too big, to traditional whip antenna, the communication blind area is indeterminable, considers that the radiating field intensity that requires the receiving object to receive as far as possible, both need guarantee novel dipole antenna's omnidirectionality, still have great gain in all directions when guaranteeing its slope in addition.
FIG. 6 shows the antenna tilting under the influence of seawaterΦThe state at the angle can be equivalent to the antenna state of fig. 7 in order to avoid complicated coordinate transformation, and after the far field radiation field intensity is obtained, the antenna is rotated along the plane where the antenna is locatedΦAnd the directional diagram of the novel dipole antenna can be obtained.
3. Simulation verification
And carrying out simulation verification by using FEKO electromagnetic simulation software, establishing a novel dipole antenna model on the sea surface, and solving the electrical characteristics of the antenna by using a moment method. Assuming the angle between the main radiatorsα=60oTwo arms are longl 1=l 2The diameter of the antenna is 1 cm when the diameter is 0.5 m, and in order to avoid the influence of seawater on the current of the antenna, a layer of polyethylene is wrapped outside the antenna for insulation.
Considering that the novel dipole antenna is often difficult to keep vertical in practical work engineering, and the novel dipole antenna is mostly operated under a certain inclination angle. In order to ensure that the antenna can not only communicate at sea but also realize short-distance air communication, the antenna is selectedθ=30oComparing the vertical state and inclination 30 of the dipole antenna with the conventional whip antennaoThe state gain and the directional diagram are shown in fig. 8 and 9.
Through novel dipole antenna and the contrast of traditional whip antenna signal radiation pattern, can discover, novel dipole antenna has fine omnidirectionality to possess more stable gain, solved traditional whip antenna's radiation blind area problem.
The electrical characteristic calculation is carried out on the structure of the novel dipole antenna, the theoretical applicability of the novel dipole antenna is verified, and the radiation performance parameters of the novel dipole antenna in all directions are obtained; based on the structure of the novel dipole antenna, a sea surface antenna radiation model is established in electromagnetic simulation software FEKO, the gain, the directional diagram, the reflection coefficient and the like of the very high frequency antenna are subjected to simulation verification, and the novel dipole antenna and the traditional whip antenna are subjected to simulation verification under the vertical and inclined conditions. The verification result shows that the novel dipole antenna well solves the problem of the radiation blind area of the traditional whip antenna, has better omni-directionality and higher gain, and the superiority is continuously increased along with the increase of the inclination angle of the antenna affected by sea waves; verification results show that the novel dipole antenna is an efficient, stable and omnidirectional antenna structure, provides a novel omnidirectional and higher-gain antenna form for near-distance communication of the unmanned surface vehicle on the sea and sea, and provides theoretical support for the water surface communication of the novel dipole antenna under high sea conditions.
Note that the above description is only some of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described, and various obvious modifications, rearrangements, substitutions of equivalents, or improvements made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and the principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in more detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. An omni-directional dipole antenna for an unmanned surface vehicle, comprising: the antenna comprises a feed source (5), a first main radiator (1), a second main radiator (2), a first parasitic radiator (3) and a second parasitic radiator (4), wherein the first main radiator, the second main radiator, the first parasitic radiator and the second parasitic radiator are linear rod-shaped conductors;
the first main radiating body (1) is connected with the second main radiating body (2) through the feed source (5); the included angle range between the first main radiating body (1) and the second main radiating body (2) is (0 degree, 180 degrees);
the first parasitic radiator (3) is movably connected with the first main radiator (1) in an angle-adjustable manner;
the second parasitic radiator (4) is movably connected with the second main radiator (2) in an angle-adjustable manner.
2. The omni-directional dipole antenna according to claim 1, wherein the sum of respective line lengths of the first main radiator (1), the second main radiator (2), the first parasitic radiator (3) and the second parasitic radiator (4) is a half wavelength of an electromagnetic wave radiated from the omni-directional dipole antenna.
3. The omni-directional dipole antenna according to claim 2, wherein the sum of the line lengths of the first parasitic radiator (3) and the first main radiator (1) is equal to the sum of the line lengths of the second parasitic radiator (4) and the second main radiator (2), and the sizes and shapes of the cross-sections of the first main radiator (1), the second main radiator (2), the first parasitic radiator (3) and the second parasitic radiator (4) are uniform.
4. The omni-directional dipole antenna of claim 3, wherein the cross-section is circular in shape.
5. The omni-directional dipole antenna according to claim 3, wherein the first main radiator (1) and the second main radiator (2) have the same line length.
6. The omni-directional dipole antenna according to claim 2, wherein one or more of the first main radiator (1), the second main radiator (2), the first parasitic radiator (3) and the second parasitic radiator (4) is a retractable linear rod.
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CN1467874A (en) * | 2002-06-19 | 2004-01-14 | 安德鲁公司 | Single piece twin folded dipole antenna |
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