CN114024132B - Substrate integrated waveguide differential antenna gain improving method based on field reconstruction - Google Patents
Substrate integrated waveguide differential antenna gain improving method based on field reconstruction Download PDFInfo
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- CN114024132B CN114024132B CN202111301551.8A CN202111301551A CN114024132B CN 114024132 B CN114024132 B CN 114024132B CN 202111301551 A CN202111301551 A CN 202111301551A CN 114024132 B CN114024132 B CN 114024132B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a field reconstruction-based substrate integrated waveguide differential antenna gain improvement method, which comprises the steps of cutting a square substrate integrated waveguide to obtain a half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide and an eighth-mode substrate integrated waveguide, and analyzing whether a cavity after being cut has a mode with odd symmetrical electric field distribution to realize differential mode transmission and common mode rejection; and performing electric field distribution reconstruction on the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide and the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide which meet the odd-symmetric electric field distribution requirement, so that the components of two magnetic wall radiation electric field vectors of the reconstructed miniaturized substrate integrated waveguide cavity, which are parallel to the radiator, are superposed in phase, and further the gain of the antenna is improved. According to the invention, by analyzing the distribution of the differential mode space radiation electric field in the TE201 mode of the miniaturized substrate integrated waveguide cavity, the radiation boundary position is changed on the premise of not changing the resonant frequency of the cavity, so that two radiation electric field vectors are superposed to the maximum extent, and the gain of the differential antenna is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas and electromagnetic waves, in particular to a field reconstruction-based gain improvement method for a substrate integrated waveguide differential antenna.
Background
The differential antenna can be directly connected with the radio frequency front end, so that the use of intermediate converters such as a balun and the like is avoided, the overall size of the system is reduced, the anti-interference capability of the system is enhanced, meanwhile, each device in the system realizes higher compatibility, and the differential antenna has higher application and research values. In addition, the miniaturization of the radio frequency system is developed, so that the area of the antenna layout is reduced, and the miniaturization design is needed; however, in the design stage of the conventional miniaturized antenna, in order to ensure that the antenna occupies a relatively small aperture area of the device, the performance of the antenna is degraded to a certain extent, so that both high performance and miniaturization are considered as problems to be solved in the antenna design; the miniaturized substrate integrated waveguide cavity with the odd-symmetric electric field distribution can be used for designing a miniaturized differential antenna, but the problem of cancellation of vector components of a space radiation electric field exists, and the radiation gain of the differential antenna is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a field reconstruction-based substrate integrated waveguide differential antenna gain improving method, and solves the problem that the radiation gain of a differential antenna is reduced due to the fact that space radiation electric field vector components of a miniaturized substrate integrated waveguide differential antenna are offset.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for improving the gain of a substrate integrated waveguide differential antenna based on field reconstruction comprises the following steps:
cutting the substrate integrated waveguide to obtain a half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide and an eighth-mode substrate integrated waveguide;
whether a mode with odd-symmetric electric field distribution exists in the cavity of the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide and the eighth-mode substrate integrated waveguide is analyzed to realize differential mode transmission and common mode rejection;
and performing electric field distribution reconstruction on the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide and the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide which have the odd symmetrical electric field distribution mode, so that electric fields radiated by two radiation magnetic walls of the reconstructed miniaturized substrate integrated waveguide cavity are superposed in the same phase, and further the gain of the antenna is improved.
The method for cutting the substrate integrated waveguide to obtain the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide and the eighth-mode substrate integrated waveguide comprises the following steps:
cutting the substrate integrated waveguide along a centrosymmetric line to obtain two half-mode substrate integrated waveguides;
cutting one half-mode substrate integrated waveguide into a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide and two eighth-mode substrate integrated waveguides;
and analyzing and cutting to obtain whether the waveguide cavity has a mode of odd-symmetric electric field distribution.
The electric field distribution reconstruction of the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide and the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide with the mode of odd-symmetric electric field distribution comprises the following steps:
cutting the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity along a symmetrical line, and turning a part of the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity 180 degrees around the midpoint of the symmetrical line to obtain a reconstructed half-mode substrate integrated waveguide;
and cutting the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide along the symmetry line, and turning one part of the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide 180 degrees around the center of the symmetry line to obtain the reconstructed quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide.
The reconstructed half-mode substrate integrated waveguide has the same resonance frequency, the component amplitudes of the two radiation boundary radiation electric field vectors of the reconstructed half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, which are parallel to the radiator, are equal and the phases are the same, and the two radiation electric field components are superposed in the same phase in the same plane, so that the reconstructed half-mode substrate integrated waveguide can realize effective radiation in the zenith direction when a differential mode signal is excited.
The reconstructed quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide has the same resonant frequency, two radiation sides of the reconstructed waveguide are parallel to each other, two radiation electric field components are superposed in the same phase in the same plane, and antenna gain is increased.
The shape of the substrate integrated waveguide comprises one of a square circular substrate integrated waveguide and a circular substrate integrated waveguide; each substrate integrated waveguide with the symmetrical shape can improve the gain of the differential antenna in a mode of reconstructing a magnetic wall.
The invention has the following advantages: a field reconstruction-based substrate integrated waveguide differential antenna gain improvement method is beneficial to designing a miniaturized differential antenna and is based on a miniaturized substrate integrated waveguide cavity, such as a half-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity and a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity; the gain of the differential antenna is improved, and by analyzing the distribution of the differential mode space radiation electric field in the TE201 mode of the miniaturized substrate integrated waveguide cavity, the radiation boundary position is changed on the premise of not changing the resonant frequency of the cavity, so that two radiation electric field vectors are superposed to the maximum extent, and the gain of the differential antenna is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of electric field distribution and splitting of a square substrate integrated waveguide in a fundamental mode;
FIG. 2 is a cavity TE201 mode electric field distribution diagram;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of differential mode spatial electric field radiation of a reconstructed front half-die substrate integrated waveguide;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a cavity of a reconfigurable half-mode substrate integrated waveguide;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of differential mode spatial electric field radiation of a cavity of a reconstructed half-mode substrate integrated waveguide;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of differential mode spatial electric field radiation of a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide before reconstruction;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a cavity of a reconstituted quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of differential mode spatial electric field radiation of a cavity of a reconstructed quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide;
FIG. 9 is a comparison diagram of a half-mold substrate integrated waveguide differential antenna before and after reconstruction;
FIG. 10 is a 3D direction comparison diagram of a half-mode substrate integrated waveguide differential antenna before and after reconstruction;
FIG. 11 is a comparison diagram of quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide differential antennas before and after reconstruction;
fig. 12 is a 2D direction comparison diagram of the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide differential antenna before and after reconstruction.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided below in connection with the appended drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present application without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application. The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention particularly relates to a field reconstruction-based substrate integrated waveguide differential antenna gain improving method, which reconstructs a differential mode radiation field by changing the position of a magnetic wall, realizes the maximum superposition of two radiation side radiation fields of a differential antenna and improves the gain of a miniaturized differential antenna.
Because of the non-parallel characteristic of two radiation boundaries (magnetic walls), radiation fields of the differential antenna based on symmetrical cavities such as a traditional half-mode substrate integrated waveguide and a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide have the phenomenon of mutual cancellation of the radiation fields after vector superposition, thereby causing radiation performance deterioration. Therefore, on the premise of not changing the specific mode resonant frequency and the odd symmetry characteristic, the method of field reconstruction design is adopted, and the purpose of improving the gain is realized by researching how to change the position of the magnetic wall to reconstruct the differential mode radiation field of the magnetic wall and realizing the maximum superposition of the two radiation side radiation fields of the differential antenna. The invention takes a rectangular half-mode substrate integrated waveguide and a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide as examples respectively, and verifies the effectiveness of the method. By changing the position of one magnetic wall of the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, the effective radiation in the zenith direction of the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide differential antenna is realized; the gain of the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide differential antenna is improved by about 3dBi by changing the position of one magnetic wall of the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide.
The differential antenna is designed by adopting the SIW, and the key point is to select a cavity with an odd symmetric electric field mode. When the two ports input differential mode signals, the phase positions of the input signals are matched with the direction of an electric field in the cavity, so that the differential mode signals are transmitted; when the two ports input the common-mode signal, the phase of the input signal is opposite to the direction of the electric field in the cavity, so that the common-mode signal is restrained.
As shown in fig. 1, a half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide and an eighth-mode substrate integrated waveguide can be obtained by cutting along the virtual magnetic wall (dashed line in fig. 1). The half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide and the eighth-mode substrate integrated waveguide are respectively reduced by 50%, 75% and 87.5% of the size of the square substrate integrated waveguide because the electric field distribution is basically kept unchanged.
According to the principle of designing a differential antenna based on a substrate integrated waveguide, it is required to determine that the electric field distribution inside the cavity has odd symmetry. As shown in fig. 2 (a), the TE201 mode of the rectangular half-mode substrate integrated waveguide has odd-symmetric electric field distribution about the symmetry plane, so that the rectangular half-mode substrate integrated waveguide can be used to transmit differential mode signals while suppressing common mode signals. Also, as shown in fig. 2 (b), the higher-order TE201 mode of the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide can be used to transmit a differential mode and suppress a common mode.
The schematic radiation diagram of the electric field in the space of the rectangular half-mode substrate integrated waveguide is shown in fig. 3, and because the electric field in the cavity is in odd symmetry with respect to the symmetry plane, the electric fields radiated by the two radiation edges in the space have equal amplitude and opposite phases. Meanwhile, because the gain of the side-emitting antenna is mainly generated by an electric field component parallel to the radiation surface, the radiation electric fields on the left side and the right side are mutually offset in an XOY plane after vector superposition, and therefore effective radiation cannot be formed in the zenith direction.
Aiming at the problem that effective radiation of differential signals cannot be realized in the original rectangular half-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity field, metal on the upper surface of a cavity is cut along a symmetrical line, the right half part is overturned around the middle point of the symmetrical line, and the rectangular half-mode substrate integrated waveguide is reconstructed. The electric field distribution of the reconstructed rectangular half-mode substrate integrated waveguide is shown in fig. 4, and the TE201 mode of the reconstructed rectangular half-mode substrate integrated waveguide is still symmetric about the symmetric plane, so that the reconstructed rectangular half-mode substrate integrated waveguide can still be used for designing a differential antenna, and the volume occupied by the half mode is not changed, so that the reconstructed rectangular half-mode substrate integrated waveguide has the same resonant frequency. The schematic diagram of the spatial radiation field of the reconstructed rectangular half-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity in the TE201 mode is shown in fig. 5, and the amplitudes of the two radiation boundary radiation electric field vectors parallel to the components of the radiator are equal and the phases are the same, so that the two radiation electric fields are superposed in the same phase in the XOY plane, so that the reconstructed rectangular half-mode substrate integrated waveguide can realize effective radiation in the zenith direction when excited by a differential mode signal.
Through the reconstruction of the rectangular half-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity, the problem that the traditional half-mode substrate integrated waveguide differential antenna cannot effectively radiate differential mode signals is solved. For other types of symmetrical characteristic miniaturized mode substrate integrated waveguides, the position of the radiation edge can be changed through a field reconstruction method, so that the fields radiated by the differential mode can be superposed to the maximum extent, and the radiation gain is increased. The differential mode space electric field radiation diagram of the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide is taken as an example to guide the design of the high-gain differential antenna based on the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide. As shown in fig. 6, the diagram (a) is a schematic diagram of differential mode space electric field radiation of a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide, the diagram (b) is a synthetic diagram of a radiation electric field vector of an XOY plane, two radiation edge radiation electric fields are superposed through the space vector, the direction of the sum vector is parallel to a Y axis, and the polarization direction of an antenna is Y axis polarization; but the vectors in the X-axis direction cancel each other, that is, half of the radiation power is cancelled, resulting in the reduction of the radiation performance of the differential antenna based on the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide.
And cutting the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide along the symmetrical line, and turning the right half part around the midpoint of the symmetrical line to obtain the reconstructed quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide. The electric field distribution of the reconstructed quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide is shown in fig. 7, the TE201 mode of the reconstructed quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide is still symmetric about the symmetric plane, so that the reconstructed quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide can still be used for the differential antenna design, and the volume occupied by the half mode is not changed, so that the reconstructed quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide has the same resonant frequency. The schematic diagram of differential mode space electric field radiation of the reconstructed quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide is shown in fig. 8, the schematic diagram (a) is the schematic diagram of differential mode space electric field radiation of the reconstructed quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide, the schematic diagram (b) is a synthetic diagram of a radiation electric field vector of an XOY plane, two radiation edges are parallel to each other, the radiation electric fields are completely overlapped, and no power is offset. Therefore, compared with the differential antenna based on the traditional quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide, the radiation gain of the differential antenna designed based on the reconstructed quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide is increased by about 3dBi on the premise of consistent size, the problem that partial power is offset is well solved, the gain is increased, and the polarization mode is changed into + 45-degree linear polarization.
The method for improving the gain of the substrate integrated waveguide differential antenna based on field reconstruction is verified. A difference antenna model based on the traditional rectangular half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, the reconstructed rectangular half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, the traditional quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide and the reconstructed quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide is established by adopting a Rogers 5880 material, wherein the dielectric constant of the Rogers 5880 material is 2.2, and the dielectric loss of the Rogers 5880 material is 0.0009. The four antennas are all fed by coplanar waveguides.
The differential antenna based on the conventional rectangular half-die substrate integrated waveguide and the reconstructed rectangular half-die substrate integrated waveguide is shown in fig. 9, and the thickness of the antenna is 0.508 mm. Under the excitation of a differential mode signal, a 3D radiation directional diagram of the differential antenna is shown in fig. 10, the traditional rectangular half-mode substrate integrated waveguide differential antenna cannot effectively radiate in the zenith direction, effective radiation of the reconstructed rectangular half-mode substrate integrated waveguide differential antenna is realized in the zenith direction through a differential mode radiation field of a reconstruction cavity, and the correctness of the method is verified.
The differential antenna based on the conventional quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide and the reconstructed quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide is shown in fig. 11, and the thickness of the antenna is 1.575 mm. Under the excitation of a differential mode signal, a 2D radiation pattern of the differential mode signal is shown in figure 12, the main polarization gain of the E-plane of the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide differential antenna is 5.94 dBi, and the main polarization gain of the E-plane of the reconstructed quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide differential antenna is 9.3 dBi, so that the antenna gain is increased by 3.36 dBi through the reconstruction of a differential mode radiation field, and the correctness of the method is verified.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of this invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the concept as disclosed herein, either as described above or as apparent to those skilled in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for improving the gain of a substrate integrated waveguide differential antenna based on field reconstruction is characterized in that: the gain increasing method comprises the following steps:
cutting the substrate integrated waveguide to obtain a half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide and an eighth-mode substrate integrated waveguide;
whether a mode with odd-symmetric electric field distribution exists in the cavity of the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide and the eighth-mode substrate integrated waveguide is analyzed to realize differential mode transmission and common mode rejection;
the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide and the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide which have the odd-symmetric electric field distribution mode are subjected to electric field distribution reconstruction, so that electric fields radiated by two radiation magnetic walls of a reconstructed miniaturized substrate integrated waveguide cavity are superposed in the same phase, and the gain of the antenna is further improved;
the electric field distribution reconstruction of the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide and the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide with the mode of odd-symmetric electric field distribution comprises the following steps:
cutting the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity along a symmetrical line, and turning a part of the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity 180 degrees around the midpoint of the symmetrical line to obtain a reconstructed half-mode substrate integrated waveguide;
and cutting the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide along the symmetry line, and turning one part of the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide 180 degrees around the center of the symmetry line to obtain the reconstructed quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide.
2. The field reconstruction-based substrate integrated waveguide differential antenna gain improvement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method for cutting the substrate integrated waveguide to obtain the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, the quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide and the eighth-mode substrate integrated waveguide comprises the following steps:
cutting the substrate integrated waveguide along a centrosymmetric line to obtain two half-mode substrate integrated waveguides;
cutting one half-mode substrate integrated waveguide into a quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide and two eighth-mode substrate integrated waveguides;
and analyzing and cutting to obtain whether the waveguide cavity has a mode of odd-symmetric electric field distribution.
3. The method for improving the gain of the substrate integrated waveguide differential antenna based on the field reconstruction as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the reconstructed half-mode substrate integrated waveguide has the same resonance frequency, the component amplitudes of the two radiation boundary radiation electric field vectors of the reconstructed half-mode substrate integrated waveguide, which are parallel to the radiator, are equal and the phases are the same, and the two radiation electric field components are superposed in the same phase in the same plane, so that the reconstructed half-mode substrate integrated waveguide can realize effective radiation in the zenith direction when a differential mode signal is excited.
4. The field reconstruction-based substrate integrated waveguide differential antenna gain improvement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the reconstructed quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide has the same resonant frequency, two radiation sides of the reconstructed waveguide are parallel to each other, two radiation electric field components are superposed in the same phase in the same plane, and antenna gain is increased.
5. The method for improving the gain of the substrate integrated waveguide differential antenna based on the field reconstruction as recited in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the shape of the substrate integrated waveguide comprises one of a square circular substrate integrated waveguide, a circular substrate integrated waveguide and a triangular substrate integrated waveguide; the substrate integrated waveguide in each shape can improve the gain of the differential antenna in a way of reconstructing a magnetic wall.
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