CN114024124A - Miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna capable of reading in near-field and far-field manners - Google Patents
Miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna capable of reading in near-field and far-field manners Download PDFInfo
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- CN114024124A CN114024124A CN202210002588.9A CN202210002588A CN114024124A CN 114024124 A CN114024124 A CN 114024124A CN 202210002588 A CN202210002588 A CN 202210002588A CN 114024124 A CN114024124 A CN 114024124A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
- H01Q1/2216—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in interrogator/reader equipment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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Abstract
The invention relates to a miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna capable of reading in a near-far field, which is based on an electromagnetic metamaterial principle and a caliber surface radiation theory, adopts a metamaterial structure as a radiator, and provides an annular super-resonator configuration, thereby solving the problems that the traditional reader antenna is large in size or complex in structure and difficult to apply in space-limited products or miniaturized equipment, and the traditional scheme has the defects of high cost and difficulty in large-scale application, the whole antenna has a simple structural form, low cost, wide working bandwidth and stable in-band radiation performance, and can meet the communication requirements of various RFID (radio frequency identification) and other Internet of things equipment with different frequency bands; and the antenna realizes uniform field distribution of the aperture surface in the near field region while realizing far-field high-gain circularly polarized radiation, so that stable and reliable communication can be realized in the near field region and the far field region, and the problem and blind spot that the conventional reader antenna cannot give consideration to both near-far communication and far-distance communication are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna capable of reading both near and far fields, and belongs to the technical field of radio frequency antennas.
Background
With the rapid advance and continuous development of the internet of things, the technology of the internet of things is deeply integrated into life and production of people, and a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is taken as an important component of a system of the internet of things and is widely applied to daily life and industrial production of people, such as an access card management system, a station automatic toll collection system, various industrial automation equipment and the like. The RFID technology can be divided into a tag antenna and a reader antenna in a wireless communication part, wherein the tag antenna is mainly a linear polarization antenna of a bent linear electric dipole and a magnetic dipole, and the reader antenna can be divided into a near-field reader antenna and a circular polarization reader antenna according to different application scenes. In practical application, the tag antenna is pasted on the surface of a product, so that the polarization direction and the placement angle of the tag antenna are uncertain, and in order to ensure that reading leakage and communication failure do not occur, different application scenes put high performance requirements on the RFID reader antenna, such as the bandwidth, the radiation polarization form, the radiation gain, the beam angle, the near-far field strength and the like of the antenna.
Generally, a near field reader antenna is mainly implemented by a series of spiral winding wires or a capacitance loading transmission line. The near field reader antenna can generate uniform field distribution in a near field region, radiation basically does not exist in a far field region due to mutual field cancellation effect, and the reading distance of the type of reader antenna is in the near field region of the antenna, and reading communication cannot be realized in a slightly far space. The circularly polarized reader antenna mainly comprises a circularly polarized patch antenna, an orthogonal dipole pair antenna, a sequential rotation feed antenna and the like, the field distribution area of the circularly polarized reader antenna in a near field area is limited and uneven, a strong radiation capability can be generated in a far field area, long-distance reading communication is realized, and the phenomena of reading missing and the like frequently occur in a near field area.
Due to the limitation of a radiation mechanism, the working bandwidth of the circularly polarized patch antenna is narrow, the field distribution of a near field region mainly comprises two magnetic gaps, and the reading of a near field and a far field is difficult to be considered simultaneously. The orthogonal dipole pair circularly polarized antenna mainly comprises two orthogonal frequency perturbation dipoles, and the scheme has the problem of high antenna section and is difficult to apply to industrial equipment with limited space. The scheme has the defects of complex structure, high cost and large antenna loss, and is difficult to popularize and apply on a large-scale industrial production line. Through the general analysis of the prior art, the existing RFID reader antenna is difficult to realize miniaturization and low cost, and simultaneously gives consideration to near-far field reading communication, so that the existing reader antenna is difficult to meet the scene needing near-far field communication.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna capable of reading in both near and far fields, and by introducing an electromagnetic metamaterial technology into the design of the circularly polarized antenna, uniform field distribution can be formed in a near field while circularly polarized radiation in a high-performance far field is realized, reliable communication between the near field and a long distance can be obtained, and the high-quality communication requirements of industrial automatic production line equipment on the far and near distances can be met.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems: the invention designs a miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna capable of reading in near and far fields, which is used for realizing the radio frequency signal receiving and transmitting of an RFID radio frequency reader and comprises a middle vertical super resonator, a feed probe and at least four side vertical super resonators;
each side vertical super resonator is a linear structure, each side vertical super resonator is enclosed into a polygonal structure in a way that adjacent end parts are connected, the surfaces of the side vertical super resonators are coplanar with each other, and two super resonator groups which meet the following conditions are respectively formed by two opposite side vertical super resonators in the polygonal structure;
conditions are as follows: two vertical super-resonators which are opposite to each other and arranged on the sides in each super-resonator group are parallel to each other and have the same length, and connecting lines of the two vertical super-resonators which are arranged on the sides in each super-resonator group and are positioned at the midpoint position of each super-resonator group are intersected with each other and are vertical to each other;
the middle vertical super-resonator is in a linear structure, the middle vertical super-resonator is arranged in a polygonal structure formed by the side vertical super-resonators in a coplanar mode with the plane of each side vertical super-resonator, and the middle vertical super-resonator is positioned on the diagonal line of a rectangle corresponding to two side vertical super-resonators in any super-resonator group;
the middle vertical super resonator combines with the conductive communication between the two ends of the middle vertical super resonator to form a current loop; each side vertical super resonator is respectively combined with the conductive communication between the two ends of the vertical super resonator to form a current loop; one end of the feed probe is connected with the middle vertical super resonator, and the other end of the feed probe is connected with the RFID radio frequency reader through the coaxial line.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the middle vertical super resonator and the edge vertical super resonators respectively comprise a dielectric plate and at least two metal layers; in the structure of each vertical super-resonator: the width of the surface of each metal layer is equal to the width of the surface of the corresponding dielectric plate, the sum of the lengths of the surfaces of the metal layers is greater than the length of the corresponding dielectric plate, each metal layer is sequentially arranged on the surface of the corresponding dielectric plate along the length direction of the dielectric plate, the adjacent metal layers are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the corresponding dielectric plate, the projection areas of the opposite end parts of the adjacent metal layers are mutually overlapped in the projection direction perpendicular to the surface of the dielectric plate, the overlapped positions form a laminated capacitor, and the integral projection areas of all the metal layers are mutually overlapped with the projection areas of the corresponding dielectric plate.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the number of the conductive pieces is equal to the number of the vertexes +2 of the polygonal structure surrounded by the side vertical super-resonators, wherein the conductive pieces with the number of the vertexes of the polygonal structure are in one-to-one correspondence with the positions of the vertexes of the polygonal structure respectively, the rest 2 conductive pieces are in one-to-one correspondence with the positions of the two ends of the middle vertical super-resonator respectively, one end of each conductive piece is connected with the metal layer on the corresponding position of the conductive piece respectively, and the conductive pieces are positioned on the same side of the surface where the polygonal structure is positioned; the two ends of the middle vertical super resonator are respectively connected with the other ends of the conductive pieces and are in conductive communication with each other, and the middle vertical super resonator and the two conductive pieces connected with the middle vertical super resonator form a current loop; the other ends of the conductive parts respectively connected with the vertex positions on the polygonal structure are mutually conductively communicated, and the vertical super-resonators arranged on the sides respectively form a current loop with the conductive parts connected with the two ends of the vertical super-resonator; one end of the feed probe is connected with one metal layer of the middle vertical super resonator, and the feed probe and each conductive piece are positioned on the same side of the plane of the polygonal structure.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the metal floor is positioned on one side of the surface where the polygonal structure is positioned in a posture that the metal floor is parallel to the surface where the polygonal structure is positioned, the metal floor and each conductive piece are positioned on the same side of the surface where the polygonal structure is positioned, a preset distance gap is kept between the metal floor and the surface where the polygonal structure is positioned, and the other end of each conductive piece is connected with the metal floor to realize conductive communication; along the projection direction vertical to the surface of the polygonal structure, the projection area of the polygonal structure is positioned inside the projection area of the metal floor; the straight line where the thickness direction of the middle vertical super resonator is located and the straight line where the thickness direction of each side vertical super resonator is located are perpendicular to the surface of the metal floor; the other end of the feed probe penetrates through the metal floor and is connected with the RFID radio frequency reader through a coaxial line.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the corner cutting type super surface comprises a medium substrate and single-layer corner cutting metal patches distributed on the surface of the medium substrate, the surface of the corner cutting type super surface is positioned on one side, back to each conducting piece, of the surface of the polygonal structure, the surface of the corner cutting type super surface is parallel to the surface of the polygonal structure, and the corner cutting type super surface is connected with the surface of the metal floor through each insulating support; and along the projection direction perpendicular to the surface of the polygonal structure, an overlapping region exists between the projection region of the chamfer-shaped super surface and the projection region of the polygonal structure.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: along the projection direction perpendicular to the surface where the polygonal structure is located, the projection area of the polygonal structure is located in the projection area of the corner-cut type super surface.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: in the structure of the chamfer-type super-surface, the single-layer chamfer metal patch arrays are distributed on the surface of the dielectric substrate.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the conductive piece is a metal screw.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the feed probe is a probe type flange SMA connector.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the number of the side vertical super-resonators is four, the number of the metal layers in the middle vertical super-resonator is two, and the number of the metal layers in each side vertical super-resonator is three.
Compared with the prior art, the miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna capable of reading both near field and far field has the following technical effects:
(1) the invention designs a miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna capable of reading in a near-far field, which is based on an electromagnetic metamaterial principle and a caliber surface radiation theory, adopts a metamaterial structure as a radiator, provides a novel annular super-resonator configuration, and solves the problems that the traditional reader antenna is large in size or complex in structure, is difficult to apply in space-limited products and miniaturized equipment, and the traditional scheme is difficult to apply in a large scale due to high cost; the antenna realizes uniform field distribution of the aperture surface in the near field area while realizing far-field high-gain circularly polarized radiation, so that stable and reliable communication reading can be realized in the near field area and the far field area, and the problem and blind spot that the conventional reader antenna cannot give consideration to both near and far distance communication are solved;
(2) the miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna capable of reading in a near-far field has the advantages of small size and low profile, and is suitable for miniaturized systems and equipment with limited space; the working bandwidth of the antenna is wide, the UHF-RFID frequency band can be covered, the requirements of various Internet of things communication systems including but not limited to RFID, WIFI, BLE and program control communication are met, meanwhile, the working bandwidth is wide, a larger bandwidth threshold value is provided, and the problem of frequency deviation caused by application scene change and external environment change can be resisted; in addition, the antenna designed by the invention has the advantages of low loss, high radiation efficiency, uniform surface field distribution, high far field radiation gain and the like, can simultaneously give consideration to short-distance and long-distance reading communication, and meets the requirement of reliable communication; in practical application, a plurality of schemes are provided, and the radiation field can be controlled through the super-surface according to practical use scenes, so that different scene schemes can be flexibly selected or switched; and the designed antenna has low cost, only adopts structures such as a single-layer PCB (printed Circuit Board), a metal aluminum plate, a screw and the like, and is easy to produce and apply on a large scale.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a 3D schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna designed for near-field and far-field reading in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional view of a first embodiment of a miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna designed for near-field and far-field reading in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a bandwidth diagram of a first embodiment of a miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna designed for near-field and far-field reading in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a radiation performance diagram of a first embodiment of a miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna designed for near-field and far-field reading in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a near field electromagnetic field distribution diagram of a first embodiment of a miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna designed to allow near-far field reading in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a 3D schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna designed for near-field and far-field reading in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a third view of a second embodiment of a miniaturized circular polarization reader antenna designed for near-field and far-field reading in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a bandwidth diagram of a second embodiment of a miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna designed for near-far field reading in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a radiation performance diagram of a second embodiment of a miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna designed for near-far field reading in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 10 is a near field electromagnetic field distribution diagram of a second embodiment of a miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna designed to allow near-far field reading according to the present invention.
The structure comprises a vertical super resonator, a feed probe, a vertical super resonator, a conductive piece, a laminated capacitor, a metal floor, a chamfer type super surface and an insulating support, wherein the vertical super resonator is arranged in the middle 1, the feed probe is arranged 2, the vertical super resonator is arranged on the side 3, the conductive piece is arranged 4, the laminated capacitor is arranged 5, the metal floor is arranged 6, the chamfer type super surface is arranged 7, and the insulating support is arranged 8.
Detailed Description
The following description will explain embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention designs a miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna capable of reading in both near field and far field, which is used for realizing the transceiving and handshaking of radio frequency signals between an RFID radio frequency reader and an RFID label, and concretely provides application schemes of two embodiments, wherein as shown in fig. 1 and the drawings, the first embodiment comprises a middle vertical super resonator 1, a feed probe 2, at least four side vertical super resonators 3 and conductive parts 4.
Each side vertical super resonator 3 is a linear structure, each side vertical super resonator 3 is enclosed into a polygonal structure in a way that adjacent end parts are connected, the surfaces of the side vertical super resonators 3 are coplanar with each other, and two super resonator groups which are respectively composed of two opposite side vertical super resonators 3 exist in the polygonal structure and meet the following conditions.
Conditions are as follows: two vertical super-resonators 3 opposite to each other in each super-resonator group are parallel to each other and have the same length, and connecting lines of two sides in each super-resonator group, which are perpendicular to the midpoint of the super-resonators 3, intersect with each other and are perpendicular to each other.
The middle vertical super resonator 1 is a linear structure, the middle vertical super resonator 1 is arranged in a polygonal structure formed by the side vertical super resonators 3 in a coplanar posture with the plane of the side vertical super resonator 3, the middle vertical super resonator 1 is positioned on the diagonal of a rectangle corresponding to the two side vertical super resonators 3 in any super resonator group, and the middle vertical super resonator 1 is used as an excitation source of the super resonator formed by the polygonal structure.
The middle vertical super resonator 1 and the edge vertical super resonators 3 respectively comprise a dielectric plate and at least two metal layers; in the structure of each vertical super-resonator: the width of each metal layer surface is equal to the width of the corresponding dielectric plate surface, the sum of the lengths of the metal layer surfaces is larger than the length of the corresponding dielectric plate, each metal layer is sequentially arranged on the surface of the corresponding dielectric plate along the length direction of the dielectric plate, the adjacent metal layers are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the corresponding dielectric plate, the projection areas of the opposite end parts of the adjacent metal layers are mutually overlapped in the projection direction vertical to the dielectric plate surface, the overlapped positions form a laminated capacitor 5, and the whole projection areas of all the metal layers are mutually overlapped with the projection areas of the corresponding dielectric plate.
The design of the laminated capacitor 5 not only realizes the miniaturization operation of the antenna, but also forms high-efficiency circularly polarized radiation through the perturbation of the adjacent laminated capacitors so as to meet the requirement of long-distance reading, and the laminated capacitor 5 is also used for increasing the leakage electric field, increasing the electric field on the surface of the antenna, obtaining an even aperture surface and meeting the requirement of short-distance reading. Therefore, the radiation characteristic of low broadband loss is realized through the structural design of the vertical super-resonator, and the miniaturization design and larger radiation field distribution, namely more uniform aperture field distribution, of the antenna are realized through the overall structural scheme. Meanwhile, frequency perturbation is introduced between the two orthogonal electric field components by adjusting the size of the laminated capacitor 5, so that two vertical electric field components with equal amplitude and 90-degree phase difference are generated, and further, the circularly polarized radiation of a far field region is realized.
In practical application, the design of the single laminated capacitor 5 is adopted on the middle vertical super-resonator 1, so that the resonant frequency and amplitude of an excitation source can be conveniently regulated and controlled, and good impedance matching and near-far field radiation of the metamaterial antenna can be realized.
The number of the conductive pieces 4 is equal to the number of vertexes +2 of a polygonal structure surrounded by the side vertical super-resonators 3, wherein the conductive pieces 4 with the number of the vertexes of the polygonal structure are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the positions of the vertexes of the polygonal structure, the rest 2 conductive pieces 4 are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the positions of two ends of the middle vertical super-resonator 1, one end of each conductive piece 4 is respectively connected with a metal layer on the corresponding position, and the conductive pieces 4 are all positioned on the same side of the surface where the polygonal structure is positioned; the two ends of the middle vertical super resonator 1 are respectively connected with the other ends of the conductive pieces 4 and are in conductive communication with each other, and the middle vertical super resonator 1 and the two conductive pieces 4 connected with the middle vertical super resonator form a current loop; the other ends of the conductive pieces 4 connected with the vertex positions of the polygonal structure are mutually and conductively communicated, and the vertical super-resonator 3 arranged on each side and the conductive pieces 4 connected with the two ends of the vertical super-resonator form a current loop respectively.
One end of the feed probe 2 is connected with one metal layer of the middle vertical super resonator 1, the feed probe 2 and each conductive piece 4 are positioned on the same side of the polygonal structure, and the other end of the feed probe 2 is connected with an RFID radio frequency reader through a coaxial line to form a feed part of the antenna.
Based on the technical scheme of the miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna which is designed based on near-far field reading, a metal floor 6 is further designed and added, the metal floor 6 is positioned on one side of the surface of the polygonal structure in a posture that the metal floor 6 is parallel to the surface of the polygonal structure, the metal floor 6 and each conductive piece 4 are positioned on the same side of the surface of the polygonal structure, a preset distance gap is kept between the metal floor 6 and the surface of the polygonal structure, and the other end of each conductive piece 4 is connected with the metal floor 6 to realize conductive communication; along the projection direction perpendicular to the surface where the polygonal structure is located, the projection area of the polygonal structure is located inside the projection area of the metal floor 6; the straight line where the thickness direction of the middle vertical super resonator 1 is located and the straight line where the thickness direction of each side vertical super resonator 3 is located are both vertical to the surface of the metal floor 6; the other end of the feed probe 2 penetrates through the metal floor 6 and is connected with an RFID radio frequency reader through a coaxial line.
In practical application, the metal floor 6 is formed by specifically selecting a thin-layer aluminum plate structure, and is used as a floor of an antenna and a current loop of a vertical super-resonator to realize directional radiation.
The vertical electromagnetic metamaterial resonator structure with low loss and wide bandwidth characteristics, i.e., the vertical metamaterial resonator, as proposed in the first embodiment enables the proposed circularly polarized antenna to achieve broadband operation and high radiation performance, as shown in fig. 3 and 4. By the ring-shaped super-resonator structure and the multi-capacitor embedding method, uniform aperture surface radiation field distribution of the near field region is realized, as shown in fig. 5.
The present invention further designs a second embodiment, specifically, on the basis of the first embodiment, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, a corner cut form super surface 7 and each insulating support 8 are added, where the corner cut form super surface 7 includes a dielectric substrate and each single-layer corner cut metal patch distributed on the surface of the dielectric substrate, the surface where the corner cut form super surface 7 is located on the side, facing away from each conductive component 4, of the surface where the polygonal structure is located, the surface where the corner cut form super surface 7 is located is parallel to the surface where the polygonal structure is located, and the corner cut form super surface 7 is connected to the surface of the metal floor 6 through each insulating support 8; along the projection direction perpendicular to the surface of the polygonal structure, the projection area of the chamfer-shaped super surface 7 and the projection area of the polygonal structure have an overlapping area.
In practical application, the projection direction perpendicular to the surface of the polygonal structure is further designed, and the projection area of the polygonal structure is positioned in the projection area of the chamfer-type super surface 7; in a structure of the corner-cut-form super-surface 7, the single-layer corner-cut metal patch arrays are distributed on the surface of the dielectric substrate; and the chamfer-type super surface 7 is obtained by forming a small patch with a single chamfer and etching a thin layer FR4 dielectric substrate.
In the second embodiment, the addition of the corner cut type super surface 7 can not only improve the field distribution of the aperture plane of the near field region of the antenna, i.e., enhance the reading capability of the near region, but also improve the radiation gain of the far field region, i.e., enhance the reading capability of the far region, and the design of the corner cut type super surface 7 is to further enhance the circular polarization radiation capability of the antenna, and perform secondary radiation by loading the super surface, so that the working bandwidth and the radiation gain of the antenna can be expanded, and the communication distance of the far region is increased, as shown in fig. 8 and 9. In addition, thanks to the control of the surface field distribution by the corner-cut form super-surface 7, a more uniform radiation aperture is obtained, and the reliability and effectiveness of close-range reading are improved, as shown in fig. 10.
The invention designs a miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna which can give consideration to near-far field reading under two embodiments respectively, and is applied to practice, wherein the conductive piece 4 is specifically designed and applied as a metal screw, and the feed probe 2 is designed and applied as a probe type flange SMA joint for feeding an RFID signal into the antenna to generate radiation; and the number of the designed edge-mounted vertical super-resonators 3 is four, the number of the metal layers in the middle-mounted vertical super-resonator 1 is two, namely, one stacked capacitor 5 positioned on the middle-mounted vertical super-resonator 1 is obtained, the number of the metal layers in each edge-mounted vertical super-resonator 3 is three, namely, two stacked capacitors 5 respectively positioned on each edge-mounted vertical super-resonator 3 are obtained, and in the actual product production, in the design of the middle-mounted vertical super-resonator 1 and each edge-mounted vertical super-resonator 3 formed by the dielectric plate and at least two metal layers, the designed structure is obtained by etching the copper-clad layer based on the F4BM220 low-loss dielectric plate with copper-clad layers on two surfaces.
The technical scheme designs a miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna capable of reading in a near-far field, and a metamaterial structure is adopted as a radiating body based on an electromagnetic metamaterial principle and a caliber surface radiation theory, so that a novel annular super-resonator structure is provided, the defects that the traditional reader antenna is large in size or complex in structure and difficult to apply in space-limited products and miniaturized equipment, and the traditional scheme is difficult to apply in a large scale due to high cost are overcome, the whole antenna is simple in design form, low in cost, wide in working bandwidth and stable in-band radiation performance, and the communication requirements of various different frequency band RFID and other Internet of things equipment can be met; the antenna realizes uniform field distribution of the aperture surface in the near field area while realizing far-field high-gain circularly polarized radiation, so that the near field area and the far field area can keep stable and reliable communication, and the problem that the traditional reader antenna cannot give consideration to both near and far distance communication and blind spots are solved;
particularly, the design of the miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna capable of reading in a near-far field has the advantages of small size and low profile, so that the miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna is suitable for a miniaturized system and equipment with limited space; the working bandwidth of the antenna is wide, the UHF-RFID frequency band can be covered, the application requirements of various Internet of things communication systems are met, including but not limited to RFID, WIFI, BLE and program control communication, meanwhile, the working bandwidth is wide, a larger bandwidth threshold value is provided, and the problem of frequency deviation caused by application scene change and external environment change can be resisted; in addition, the antenna designed by the invention has the advantages of low loss, high radiation efficiency, uniform surface field distribution, high far field radiation gain and the like, can simultaneously give consideration to short-distance and long-distance reading communication, and meets the requirement of reliable communication; in practical application, a plurality of schemes are provided, and the radiation field can be controlled through the super-surface according to practical use scenes, so that different scene schemes can be flexibly selected or switched; (ii) a And the designed antenna has low cost, only adopts structures such as a single-layer PCB (printed Circuit Board), a metal aluminum plate, a screw and the like, and is easy to produce and apply on a large scale.
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a can compromise miniaturized circular polarization reader antenna that near far field read for realize RFID radio frequency reader's radio frequency signal receiving and dispatching, its characterized in that: the device comprises a middle vertical super resonator (1), a feed probe (2) and at least four side vertical super resonators (3);
each edge-mounted vertical super resonator (3) is of a linear structure, each edge-mounted vertical super resonator (3) is enclosed into a polygonal structure in a way that adjacent end parts are connected, the surfaces of the edge-mounted vertical super resonators (3) are coplanar with each other, and two super resonator groups which respectively consist of two opposite edge-mounted vertical super resonators (3) exist in the polygonal structure;
conditions are as follows: two vertical super-resonators (3) which are opposite to each other and arranged at the sides in each super-resonator group are parallel to each other and have the same length, and connecting lines of the middle points of the two vertical super-resonators (3) arranged at the sides in each super-resonator group are intersected with each other and are vertical to each other;
the middle vertical super resonator (1) is of a linear structure, the middle vertical super resonator (1) is arranged in a polygonal structure formed by surrounding of the side vertical super resonators (3) in a coplanar mode with the plane of the side vertical super resonator (3), and the middle vertical super resonator (1) is positioned on the diagonal line of a rectangle corresponding to the two side vertical super resonators (3) in any super resonator group;
the middle vertical super resonator (1) is combined with the conductive communication between the two end positions to form a current loop; each side vertical super resonator (3) is respectively combined with the conductive communication between the two ends of the vertical super resonator to form a current loop; one end of the feed probe (2) is connected with the middle vertical super resonator (1), and the other end of the feed probe (2) is connected with the RFID radio frequency reader through a coaxial line.
2. The miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna compatible with near-far field reading according to claim 1, wherein: the middle vertical super resonator (1) and the edge vertical super resonators (3) respectively comprise a dielectric plate and at least two metal layers; in the structure of each vertical super-resonator: the width of the surface of each metal layer is equal to the width of the surface of the corresponding dielectric plate, the sum of the lengths of the surfaces of the metal layers is greater than the length of the corresponding dielectric plate, each metal layer is sequentially arranged on the surface of the corresponding dielectric plate along the length direction of the dielectric plate, the adjacent metal layers are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the corresponding dielectric plate, the projection areas of the opposite end parts of the adjacent metal layers are mutually overlapped in the projection direction perpendicular to the surface of the dielectric plate, the overlapped positions form a laminated capacitor (5), and the integral projection areas of all the metal layers are mutually overlapped with the projection areas of the corresponding dielectric plate.
3. The miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna capable of reading both near field and far field as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the number of the conductive pieces (4) is equal to the number of vertexes +2 of a polygonal structure surrounded by the side vertical super-resonators (3), wherein the conductive pieces (4) with the number of the vertexes of the polygonal structure are in one-to-one correspondence with the positions of the vertexes of the polygonal structure respectively, the rest 2 conductive pieces (4) are in one-to-one correspondence with the positions of two ends of the middle vertical super-resonator (1) respectively, one end of each conductive piece (4) is connected with a metal layer on the corresponding position of the conductive piece respectively, and the conductive pieces (4) are positioned on the same side of the surface where the polygonal structure is positioned; the two ends of the middle vertical super resonator (1) are respectively connected with the other ends of the conductive pieces (4) to be mutually and conductively communicated, and the middle vertical super resonator (1) and the two conductive pieces (4) connected with the middle vertical super resonator form a current loop; the other ends of the conductive pieces (4) connected with the vertex positions on the polygonal structure are mutually in conductive communication, and the vertical super-resonator (3) arranged on each side and the conductive pieces (4) connected with the two ends of the vertical super-resonator form a current loop respectively; one end of the feed probe (2) is connected with one metal layer of the middle vertical super resonator (1), and the feed probe (2) and each conductive piece (4) are positioned on the same side of the plane of the polygonal structure.
4. The miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna compatible with near-far field reading according to claim 1, wherein: the metal floor (6) is positioned on one side of the surface where the polygonal structure is positioned in a posture that the metal floor (6) is parallel to the surface where the polygonal structure is positioned, the metal floor (6) and each conductive piece (4) are positioned on the same side of the surface where the polygonal structure is positioned, a preset distance gap is kept between the metal floor (6) and the surface where the polygonal structure is positioned, and the other end of each conductive piece (4) is connected with the metal floor (6) to realize conductive communication; along the projection direction vertical to the surface of the polygonal structure, the projection area of the polygonal structure is positioned inside the projection area of the metal floor (6); the straight line where the thickness direction of the middle vertical super resonator (1) is located and the straight line where the thickness direction of each side vertical super resonator (3) is located are perpendicular to the surface of the metal floor (6); the other end of the feed probe (2) penetrates through the metal floor (6) and is connected with the RFID radio frequency reader through a coaxial line.
5. The miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna capable of reading both near field and far field as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the corner cutting type super-surface structure is characterized by further comprising a corner cutting type super-surface (7) and insulation supports (8), wherein the corner cutting type super-surface (7) comprises a medium substrate and single-layer corner cutting metal patches distributed on the surface of the medium substrate, the surface where the corner cutting type super-surface (7) is located on one side, back to the conductive pieces (4), of the surface where the polygonal structure is located, the surface where the corner cutting type super-surface (7) is located is parallel to the surface where the polygonal structure is located, and the corner cutting type super-surface (7) is connected with the surface of the metal floor (6) through the insulation supports (8); along the projection direction perpendicular to the surface of the polygonal structure, the projection area of the chamfer-shaped super surface (7) and the projection area of the polygonal structure have an overlapping area.
6. The miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna capable of reading both near field and far field as claimed in claim 4, wherein: along the projection direction which is vertical to the surface of the polygonal structure, the projection area of the polygonal structure is positioned in the projection area of the chamfer-shaped super surface (7).
7. The miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna capable of reading both near field and far field as claimed in claim 5, wherein: in the structure of the chamfer-type super-surface (7), the single-layer chamfer metal patch arrays are distributed on the surface of the dielectric substrate.
8. The miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna capable of reading both near field and far field as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the conductive piece (4) is a metal screw.
9. The miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna capable of reading both near field and far field according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the feed probe (2) is a probe type flange SMA connector.
10. The miniaturized circularly polarized reader antenna capable of reading both near field and far field according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the number of the side vertical super resonators (3) is four, the number of the metal layers in the middle vertical super resonator (1) is two, and the number of the metal layers in each side vertical super resonator (3) is three.
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