CN114024004A - Fuel cell cold start device, control method thereof and vehicle - Google Patents
Fuel cell cold start device, control method thereof and vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN114024004A CN114024004A CN202111260645.5A CN202111260645A CN114024004A CN 114024004 A CN114024004 A CN 114024004A CN 202111260645 A CN202111260645 A CN 202111260645A CN 114024004 A CN114024004 A CN 114024004A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04708—Temperature of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The application provides a fuel cell cold starting device, a control method thereof and a vehicle, wherein the control method of the fuel cell cold starting device comprises the following steps: acquiring the ambient temperature of the cell stack; judging whether the ambient temperature is lower than a preset temperature or not, and generating a first judgment result; when the first judgment result is yes, controlling the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve and the air compressor to heat the hydrogen; and when the first judgment result is negative, controlling the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve to enable air and hydrogen to enter the cell stack. This application can be according to fuel cell's state real time control high-temperature gas's flow and then the temperature of control heating hydrogen, promotes fuel cell's cold start performance.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of electric automobiles, in particular to a cold starting device of a fuel cell, a control method of the cold starting device and a vehicle.
Background
In the prior art, in order to improve the cold start performance of the fuel cell, two main methods of heating hydrogen gas, namely electric heating and fuel cell coolant heating, are adopted. The electric heating mode needs additional power supply equipment and heating devices, and the complexity and the cost of the system are increased. The mode of heating the cooling liquid at the outlet of the fuel cell is adopted, the implementation cannot be carried out at the initial stage of low-temperature cold start of the fuel cell, and at the moment, the temperature of a fuel cell system is low, and redundant heat cannot be generated to heat hydrogen.
The existing device for heating hydrogen by utilizing air cannot effectively control the heating temperature of hydrogen. The high-temperature air coming out of the air compressor passes through the hydrogen-air heat exchanger, accurate adjustment and control of the temperature of the heating hydrogen cannot be achieved, and the air can enter the electric pile only after passing through the hydrogen-air heat exchanger, so that the resistance of the air is increased, the pressure of the air before entering the pile is reduced to a certain degree, and the energy consumption of the air compressor is indirectly increased. And the amount of hydrogen gas to be heated cannot be controlled.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application is directed to solving at least one of the above technical problems.
To this end, a first object of the present application is to provide a fuel cell cold start device control method.
A second object of the present application is to provide a fuel cell cold start device.
A third object of the present application is to provide a vehicle.
In order to achieve the first object of the present application, a technical solution of a first aspect of the present application provides a control method for a cold start device of a fuel cell, which is used for a vehicle, the vehicle includes a vehicle body, a first three-way valve, a second three-way valve, an air compressor, a heat exchanger, a cell stack, and a bypass valve, the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve, the air compressor, the heat exchanger, the cell stack, and the bypass valve are disposed on the vehicle body, and the control method for the cold start device of the fuel cell includes: acquiring the ambient temperature of the cell stack; judging whether the ambient temperature is lower than a preset temperature or not, and generating a first judgment result; when the first judgment result is yes, controlling the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve, the heat exchanger and the air compressor to heat the hydrogen; and when the first judgment result is negative, controlling the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve to enable air and hydrogen to enter the cell stack.
According to the control method of the fuel cell cold start device, the ambient temperature of the current cell stack is obtained through the temperature sensor arranged on the fuel cell system or the whole vehicle, and whether the current cell stack is in the low-temperature cold start state or not is judged according to the temperature. And if the fuel cell is in a low-temperature cold start state, controlling the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve, the heat exchanger and the air compressor to heat the hydrogen, so that the low-temperature cold start performance of the fuel cell is improved. And if the hydrogen stack is in a normal temperature state, controlling the opening degrees of the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve to enable air and hydrogen to directly enter the cell stack without heating the hydrogen. The flow of the high-temperature gas can be controlled by controlling the opening degrees of the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve, and the temperature of the heating hydrogen is further controlled. The amount of hydrogen to be heated can be controlled in real time according to the state of the cell stack, so that the temperature of the hydrogen entering the cell stack can be controlled more accurately, and the low-temperature cold start performance of the fuel cell is further improved.
In addition, the technical scheme provided by the application can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
among the above-mentioned technical scheme, when first judgement result is yes, control first three-way valve, second three-way valve and air compressor and heat hydrogen, specifically include: acquiring the temperature of hydrogen entering a cell stack, and controlling an air compressor to operate in a rated rotating speed state; adjusting the opening degrees of the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve according to the deviation of the hydrogen temperature and the preset temperature to enable the hydrogen temperature to reach the preset temperature; judging whether the hydrogen temperature reaches a preset temperature or not, and generating a second judgment result; and when the second judgment result is yes, the air compressor, the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve and the bypass valve are adjusted to return to the normal working state.
In the technical scheme, in a low-temperature cold start state, the opening of the first three-way valve is adjusted according to the temperature of hydrogen entering the cell stack detected by the system, so that the high-temperature air flow flowing to the heat exchanger is reasonably distributed, sufficient air is ensured to heat the hydrogen to enable the hydrogen to reach the required temperature, and the state of the first three-way valve is controlled and adjusted in real time according to the temperature of the hydrogen entering the cell stack and the temperature of the fuel cell stack in the process. And controlling a second three-way valve to enable a part of hydrogen to flow through the heat exchanger for heating. By monitoring the temperature of the fuel cell stack and the change of the ambient temperature, the hydrogen flow of the second three-way valve flowing through the heat exchanger is controlled in real time, namely the flow of the hydrogen to be heated is controlled, so that the hydrogen entering the fuel cell stack reaches the optimal temperature. During the starting process of the fuel cell, in order to ensure the air temperature at the outlet of the air compressor, the air compressor is controlled to work at the rated rotating speed of the air compressor in the starting stage of the fuel cell.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, when first judgement result is yes, control first three-way valve, second three-way valve and air compressor and heat hydrogen, specifically include: acquiring the temperature of hydrogen entering a cell stack, and controlling an air compressor to operate in a rated rotating speed state; acquiring air flow required by a cell stack; and adjusting the opening of the bypass valve according to the deviation of the air flow required by the cell stack and the first air flow meter and the second air flow meter, so that the flow of the second air flow meter is equal to the air flow required by the cell stack.
In the technical scheme, in the starting stage, the air flow required by the fuel cell is not very large, the exhaust volume of the air compressor at the rated rotating speed is larger than the air volume required by the fuel cell, the fuel cell controller calculates the air flow required by the current state in real time, and the bypass valve is controlled by monitoring the numerical values of the first air flow meter and the second air flow meter, so that redundant air is discharged out of the system.
To achieve the second object of the present application, a second aspect of the present application provides a cold start apparatus for a fuel cell, comprising: a cell stack; a hydrogen storage bottle; an air compressor; the hydrogen storage device comprises a heat exchanger, a hydrogen inlet and an air inlet are arranged at one end of the heat exchanger, a hydrogen outlet and an air outlet are arranged at the other end of the heat exchanger, the hydrogen inlet is connected with a hydrogen storage bottle, and the hydrogen outlet and the air outlet are both communicated with a cell stack; the air compressor is communicated with the first air inlet passage, the first air outlet passage is communicated with the cell stack, and the second air outlet passage is communicated with the air inlet.
The cold starting device for the fuel cell comprises a cell stack, a hydrogen storage bottle, an air compressor, a heat exchanger and a first three-way valve. The air compressor is used for pressurizing atmospheric air, and the temperature of the pressurized air is higher and can reach 120-180 ℃ generally. One end of the heat exchanger is provided with a hydrogen inlet and an air inlet, hydrogen output by the hydrogen storage bottle enters the heat exchanger through the hydrogen inlet, high-temperature air compressed by the air compressor enters the heat exchanger through the air inlet, heat exchange is carried out in the heat exchanger, and the hydrogen is heated. And a first three-way valve is arranged between the air compressor and the heat exchanger and divides the pressurized air. The first three-way valve comprises a first air inlet passage, a first air outlet passage and a second air outlet passage, the first air inlet passage is communicated with the air compressor, the first air outlet passage is communicated with the cell stack, and the second air outlet passage is communicated with the air inlet of the heat exchanger, so that high-temperature air compressed by the air compressor can partially enter the heat exchanger to heat hydrogen. The high-temperature air flow flowing through the heat exchanger is controlled by adjusting the opening of the first three-way valve, so that the temperature of the hydrogen to be heated is controlled, and the low-temperature cold start performance of the fuel cell is improved. And the air is shunted through the first three-way valve, so that the resistance of the air is reduced, the pressure of the air before entering the pile is improved, and the energy consumption of the air compressor is reduced.
In the above technical scheme, the cold starting device for the fuel cell further comprises a second three-way valve, the second three-way valve comprises a second air inlet passage, a third air outlet passage and a fourth air outlet passage, the second air inlet passage is communicated with the hydrogen storage bottle, the third air outlet passage is communicated with the hydrogen inlet, and the fourth air outlet passage is communicated with the cell stack.
In this technical solution, the fuel cell cold start apparatus further includes a second three-way valve. The second three-way valve is used for communicating the hydrogen storage bottle with the heat exchanger and the cell stack. The second three-way valve comprises a second air inlet passage, a third air outlet passage and a fourth air outlet passage, the second air inlet passage is communicated with the hydrogen storage bottle, the third air outlet passage is communicated with the hydrogen inlet, and the fourth air outlet passage is communicated with the cell stack. Through adjusting the aperture of second three-way valve, can control the volume of the hydrogen that needs the heating, and then promote fuel cell's low temperature cold start performance.
In the above technical solution, the fuel cell cold start device further includes: and the pressure reducing valve is arranged on the hydrogen storage bottle and the second air inlet passage and is used for reducing the pressure of the hydrogen output by the hydrogen storage bottle.
In this technical scheme, the cold starting drive of fuel cell still includes the relief pressure valve, and the relief pressure valve is installed on the second air inlet passage, and the hydrogen that releases in the hydrogen storage tank is carried out the decompression in the relief pressure valve. After the pressure reducing valve is installed, high-pressure hydrogen can be stored in the hydrogen storage tank, and the storage capacity of the hydrogen is improved.
In the above technical solution, the fuel cell cold start device further includes: the first end of the first air branch is connected with the first air outlet passage; the heat exchanger is arranged on the second air branch, and the first end of the second air branch is connected with the second air outlet passage; and one end of the air main path is communicated with the second end of the first air branch and the second end of the second air branch respectively, and the other end of the air main path is communicated with the cell stack.
In this technical solution, the fuel cell cold start device further includes a first air branch, a second air branch, and an air main path. The first end of the first air branch is connected with the first air outlet passage, the first end of the second air branch is connected with the second air outlet passage, one end of the main air passage is respectively communicated with the second end of the first air branch and the second end of the second air branch, and the other end of the main air passage is communicated with the battery stack.
In the above technical solution, the fuel cell cold start device further includes: and a bypass valve provided on the air main passage, the bypass valve being for discharging air.
In this solution, the bypass valve is provided on the main air path for discharging air. Since the air flow required by the fuel cell is not so large during the startup phase, and the displacement of the air compressor at the rated speed is greater than the air flow required by the fuel cell, the bypass valve can discharge excess air, thereby controlling the air flow required by the fuel cell into the stack.
In the above technical solution, the fuel cell cold start device further includes: the first air flow meter is arranged at the air inlet end of the air compressor; and the second air flow meter is arranged on the main air path and is positioned between the bypass valve and the cell stack.
In the technical scheme, the first air flow meter is installed at the air inlet end of the air compressor and used for detecting the air flow entering the air compressor. A second air flow meter is mounted on the primary air path between the bypass valve and the stack for sensing air flow into the stack. Specifically, the bypass valve is controlled to discharge the surplus air in accordance with the air flow rates detected by the first and second flow meters and the air flow rate required by the current state of the stack, so that the air flow rate detected by the second flow meter reaches the air flow rate required by the stack.
In the above technical solution, the fuel cell cold start device further includes: the intercooler is arranged on the main air path and is positioned between the second air flow meter and the cell stack; and the humidifier is arranged on the main air path and is positioned between the intercooler and the cell stack.
In the technical scheme, the fuel cell cold starting device further comprises an intercooler and a humidifier. The intercooler and the humidifier are sequentially arranged on the air main path and are positioned between the second flowmeter and the cell stack. The intercooler is used for cooling air before entering the cell stack, and the humidifier is used for humidifying the air entering the cell stack.
In the above technical solution, the fuel cell cold start device further includes: the first end of the first hydrogen branch is connected with the fourth air outlet passage; the heat exchanger is arranged on the second hydrogen branch, and the first end of the second hydrogen branch is connected with the third air outlet passage; and one end of the hydrogen main path is communicated with the second end of the first hydrogen branch and the second end of the second hydrogen branch, and the other end of the hydrogen main path is communicated with the cell stack.
In the technical scheme, the fuel cell cold starting device further comprises a first hydrogen branch, a second hydrogen branch and a hydrogen main path. The first end of the first hydrogen branch is connected with the fourth air outlet passage, the first end of the second hydrogen branch is connected with the third air outlet passage, one end of the hydrogen main path is communicated with the second end of the first hydrogen branch and the second end of the second hydrogen branch respectively, and the other end of the hydrogen main path is communicated with the cell stack. The heat exchanger is arranged on the second hydrogen branch, one part of hydrogen passing through the second three-way valve enters the first hydrogen branch and then enters the hydrogen main path, the other part of hydrogen enters the second hydrogen branch, the hydrogen is heated by the heat exchanger and is discharged out of the heat exchanger and enters the hydrogen main path, and therefore the control of the hydrogen flow flowing through the heat exchanger is achieved.
In the above technical solution, the fuel cell cold start device further includes: and the temperature sensor is arranged on the hydrogen main path.
In the technical scheme, the cold starting device of the fuel cell further comprises a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is arranged on the hydrogen main path and used for detecting the temperature of the hydrogen entering the fuel cell stack, so that the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve are controlled according to the temperature to enable the hydrogen entering the fuel cell stack to reach the optimal temperature.
To achieve the third object of the present application, a third aspect of the present application provides a vehicle including: a vehicle body; the cold start device for a fuel cell according to any one of the second aspects of the present invention is provided in a vehicle body.
According to the vehicle provided by the application, the vehicle body and the fuel cell cold start device according to any one of the above second aspects of the application are included, so that the vehicle has all the advantages of the fuel cell cold start device according to any one of the above second aspects of the application, and the details are not repeated.
Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the present application.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a schematic workflow diagram of a control method of a fuel cell cold start device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a control method for a cold start device of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart illustrating the operation of a control method for a cold start device of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of a cold start device for a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a structure of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
Wherein, the correspondence between the reference numbers and the part names in fig. 1 to 5 is:
10: a fuel cell cold start device; 100: a cell stack; 110: an air compressor; 120: a heat exchanger; 130: a first three-way valve; 140: a second three-way valve; 150: a pressure reducing valve; 160: a bypass valve; 170: a first air flow meter; 180: a second air flow meter; 190: an intercooler; 200: a humidifier; 210: a temperature sensor; 220: a hydrogen storage bottle; 30: a vehicle; 300: a vehicle body.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present application can be more clearly understood, the present application will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, however, the present application may be practiced in other ways than those described herein, and therefore the scope of the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Some embodiments provided in accordance with the present application are described below with reference to fig. 1-5.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a control method of a fuel cell cold start apparatus for a vehicle including a vehicle body and a first three-way valve, a second three-way valve, an air compressor, a heat exchanger, a stack, and a bypass valve, the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve, the air compressor, the heat exchanger, the stack, and the bypass valve being disposed on the vehicle body, the control method of the fuel cell cold start apparatus including the steps of:
step S102: acquiring the ambient temperature of the cell stack;
step S104: judging whether the ambient temperature is lower than a preset temperature or not, and generating a first judgment result;
step S106: when the first judgment result is yes, controlling the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve, the heat exchanger and the air compressor to heat the hydrogen;
step S108: and when the first judgment result is negative, controlling the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve to enable air and hydrogen to enter the cell stack.
According to the control method of the fuel cell cold start device provided by the embodiment, the ambient temperature of the current cell stack is obtained through the temperature sensor configured in the fuel cell system or the whole vehicle, and whether the current cell stack is in the low-temperature cold start state or not is judged according to the temperature. And if the fuel cell is in a low-temperature cold start state, controlling the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve, the heat exchanger and the air compressor to heat the hydrogen, so that the low-temperature cold start performance of the fuel cell is improved. And if the hydrogen stack is in a normal temperature state, controlling the opening degrees of the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve to enable air and hydrogen to directly enter the cell stack without heating the hydrogen. The flow of the high-temperature gas can be controlled by controlling the opening degrees of the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve, and the temperature of the heating hydrogen is further controlled. The amount of hydrogen to be heated can be controlled in real time according to the state of the cell stack, so that the temperature of the hydrogen entering the cell stack can be controlled more accurately, and the low-temperature cold start performance of the fuel cell is further improved.
As shown in fig. 2, according to the control method of the cold start device of the fuel cell in one embodiment of the present application, when the first determination result is yes, the method controls the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve and the air compressor to heat the hydrogen gas, and specifically includes the following steps:
step S202: acquiring the temperature of hydrogen entering a cell stack, and controlling an air compressor to operate in a rated rotating speed state;
step S204: adjusting the opening degrees of the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve according to the deviation of the hydrogen temperature and the preset temperature to enable the hydrogen temperature to reach the preset temperature;
step S206: judging whether the hydrogen temperature reaches a preset temperature or not, and generating a second judgment result;
step S208: and when the second judgment result is yes, the air compressor, the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve and the bypass valve are adjusted to return to the normal working state.
In this embodiment, in the low-temperature cold start state, the opening of the first three-way valve is adjusted according to the temperature of the hydrogen entering the cell stack detected by the system, so that the high-temperature air flow flowing to the heat exchanger is reasonably distributed, thereby ensuring that enough air heats the hydrogen to reach the required temperature, and in the process, the state of the first three-way valve is controlled and adjusted in real time according to the temperature of the hydrogen entering the cell stack and the temperature of the fuel cell stack. And controlling a second three-way valve to enable a part of hydrogen to flow through the heat exchanger for heating. By monitoring the temperature of the fuel cell stack and the change of the ambient temperature, the hydrogen flow of the second three-way valve flowing through the heat exchanger is controlled in real time, namely the flow of the hydrogen to be heated is controlled, so that the hydrogen entering the fuel cell stack reaches the optimal temperature. During the starting process of the fuel cell, in order to ensure the air temperature at the outlet of the air compressor, the air compressor is controlled to work at the rated rotating speed of the air compressor in the starting stage of the fuel cell.
As shown in fig. 3, according to the control method of the cold start device of the fuel cell in one embodiment of the present application, when the first determination result is yes, the method controls the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve and the air compressor to heat the hydrogen gas, and specifically includes the following steps:
step S302: acquiring the temperature of hydrogen entering a cell stack, and controlling an air compressor to operate in a rated rotating speed state;
step S304: acquiring air flow required by a cell stack;
step S306: and adjusting the opening of the bypass valve according to the deviation of the air flow required by the cell stack and the first air flow meter and the second air flow meter, so that the flow of the second air flow meter is equal to the air flow required by the cell stack.
In this embodiment, since the air flow rate required by the fuel cell is not so large and the displacement of the air compressor at the rated rotation speed is larger than the air flow rate required by the fuel cell in the start-up phase, the fuel cell controller calculates the air flow rate required in the current state in real time and controls the bypass valve by monitoring the values of the first air flow meter and the second air flow meter to discharge the surplus air out of the system.
As shown in fig. 4, another embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell cold start apparatus 10 including a cell stack 100, a hydrogen storage bottle 220, an air compressor 110, a heat exchanger 120, and a first three-way valve 130. Specifically, one end of the heat exchanger 120 is provided with a hydrogen inlet and an air inlet, the other end of the heat exchanger 120 is provided with a hydrogen outlet and an air outlet, the hydrogen inlet is connected with the hydrogen storage bottle 220, and the hydrogen outlet and the air outlet are both communicated with the cell stack 100. The first three-way valve 130 includes a first inlet passage, with which the air compressor 110 communicates, a first outlet passage, with which the cell stack 100 communicates, and a second outlet passage, with which the air inlet communicates.
The cold start-up apparatus 10 for a fuel cell according to the present embodiment includes a stack 100, a hydrogen storage cylinder 220, an air compressor 110, a heat exchanger 120, and a first three-way valve 130. The air compressor 110 is used for pressurizing atmospheric air, and the temperature of the pressurized air is high and can reach 120-180 ℃ generally. One end of the heat exchanger 120 is provided with a hydrogen inlet and an air inlet, hydrogen output from the hydrogen storage bottle 220 enters the heat exchanger 120 through the hydrogen inlet, high-temperature air compressed by the air compressor 110 enters the heat exchanger 120 through the air inlet, heat exchange is performed in the heat exchanger 120, and the hydrogen is heated. A first three-way valve 130 is disposed between the air compressor 110 and the heat exchanger 120, and the first three-way valve 130 splits the pressurized air. The first three-way valve 130 includes a first inlet passage communicated with the air compressor 110, a first outlet passage communicated with the cell stack 100, and a second outlet passage communicated with the air inlet of the heat exchanger 120, so that high-temperature air compressed by the air compressor 110 can partially enter the heat exchanger 120 to heat hydrogen. The opening of the first three-way valve 130 is adjusted to control the flow of high-temperature air flowing through the heat exchanger 120, so as to control the temperature of hydrogen to be heated, and improve the performance of low-temperature cold start of the fuel cell. And the air is shunted through the first three-way valve 130, which reduces the resistance of the air, thereby increasing the pressure of the air before entering the stack and reducing the energy consumption of the air compressor 110.
Wherein the heat exchanger 120 is a hydrogen-air heat exchanger.
Further, the fuel cell cold start apparatus 10 further includes a second three-way valve 140. The second three-way valve 140 is used to communicate the hydrogen storage cylinder 220 with the heat exchanger 120 and the cell stack 100. The second three-way valve 140 includes a second inlet passage communicating with the hydrogen storage bottle 220, a third outlet passage communicating with the hydrogen inlet, and a fourth outlet passage communicating with the cell stack 100. By adjusting the opening of the second three-way valve 140, the amount of hydrogen to be heated can be controlled, and the low-temperature cold start performance of the fuel cell can be improved.
In the above embodiment, the fuel cell cold start apparatus 10 further includes the pressure reducing valve 150, the pressure reducing valve 150 being installed on the second intake passage, and the hydrogen gas discharged from the hydrogen storage tank is reduced in pressure in the pressure reducing valve 150. After the pressure reducing valve 150 is installed, high-pressure hydrogen can be stored in the hydrogen storage tank, and the storage capacity of the hydrogen is increased.
In the above embodiment, the fuel cell cold start apparatus 10 further includes the first air branch, the second air branch, and the main air path. The first end of the first air branch is connected with the first air outlet passage, the first end of the second air branch is connected with the second air outlet passage, one end of the main air path is communicated with the second end of the first air branch and the second end of the second air branch respectively, and the other end of the main air path is communicated with the cell stack 100, wherein the heat exchanger 120 is arranged on the second air branch, a part of air passing through the first three-way valve 130 enters the first air branch and then enters the main air path, the other part of air enters the second air branch, hydrogen is heated by the heat exchanger 120, and the air is discharged from the heat exchanger 120 to enter the main air path, so that the control of the air flow passing through the heat exchanger 120 is realized.
In some embodiments, the fuel cell cold start apparatus 10 further includes a bypass valve 160. The bypass valve 160 is provided on the main air path for discharging air. Since the air flow rate required by the fuel cell is not so large in the start-up stage, and the discharge amount of the air compressor 110 at the rated rotation speed is larger than the air flow rate required by the fuel cell, the bypass valve 160 can discharge the surplus air, thereby controlling the air flow rate required by the fuel cell into the stack 100.
In the above embodiment, the fuel cell cold start apparatus 10 further includes the first air flow meter 170 and the second air flow meter 180. A first air flow meter 170 is installed at an air intake end of the air compressor for detecting an air flow rate into the air compressor. A second air flow meter 180 is installed on the main air path between the bypass valve 160 and the stack 100 for detecting the flow of air into the stack 100. Specifically, the bypass valve 160 is controlled to discharge the surplus air so that the air flow rate detected by the second flow meter reaches the air flow rate required by the stack 100, based on the air flow rates detected by the first flow meter, the second flow meter, and the air flow rate required by the current state of the stack 100.
Further, the fuel cell cold start apparatus 10 further includes an intercooler 190 and a humidifier 200. The intercooler 190 and the humidifier 200 are sequentially provided on the main air path between the second flow meter and the stack 100. The intercooler 190 cools air before entering the stack 100, and the humidifier 200 humidifies air entering the stack 100.
In the above embodiment, the fuel cell cold start apparatus 10 further includes the first hydrogen branch path, the second hydrogen branch path, and the hydrogen main path. The first end of the first hydrogen branch is connected with the fourth air outlet passage, the first end of the second hydrogen branch is connected with the third air outlet passage, one end of the hydrogen main path is communicated with the second end of the first hydrogen branch and the second end of the second hydrogen branch respectively, and the other end of the hydrogen main path is communicated with the cell stack 100. The heat exchanger 120 is disposed on the second hydrogen branch, a part of the hydrogen passing through the second three-way valve 140 enters the first hydrogen branch and then enters the hydrogen main path, and another part of the hydrogen enters the second hydrogen branch, and is heated by the heat exchanger 120 and discharged from the heat exchanger 120 to enter the hydrogen main path, thereby controlling the flow rate of the hydrogen flowing through the heat exchanger 120.
Further, the fuel cell cold start apparatus 10 further includes a temperature sensor 210, and the temperature sensor 210 is disposed on the hydrogen main path and is configured to detect a temperature of the hydrogen gas entering the fuel cell stack 100, so as to control the first three-way valve 130 and the second three-way valve 140 according to the temperature, so that the hydrogen gas entering the fuel cell stack 100 reaches an optimal temperature.
As shown in fig. 5, a further embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle 30 including a vehicle body 300 and the fuel cell cold start apparatus 10 according to any of the above embodiments, the fuel cell cold start apparatus 10 being provided in the vehicle body 300.
According to the embodiment of the present application, a vehicle 30 is provided, which includes a vehicle body 300 and the fuel cell cold start apparatus 10 according to any of the embodiments described above, so that the vehicle has all the advantages of the fuel cell cold start apparatus 10 according to any of the embodiments described above, and therefore, the description thereof is omitted.
As shown in fig. 4, a cold start-up apparatus 10 for a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present application includes a hydrogen path and an air path and a hydrogen-air heat exchanger connected to both paths. The hydrogen path comprises a hydrogen storage bottle 220, a pressure reducing valve 150, a second three-way valve 140, a hydrogen-air heat exchanger and a temperature sensor 210, wherein the second three-way valve 140 is respectively connected with the decompressed hydrogen, the hydrogen which does not need to be heated and the hydrogen which needs to enter the hydrogen-air heat exchanger for heating. The hydrogen storage cylinder 220 provides a hydrogen source as needed, and the pressure reducing valve 150 reduces the high-pressure hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage cylinder 220 to a suitable pressure. The air path mainly includes a first air flow meter 170, a second air flow meter 180, an air compressor 110, a first three-way valve 130, a bypass valve 160, an intercooler 190, a hydrogen-air heat exchanger, a humidifier 200, and the like. The first air flow meter 170 and the second air flow meter 180 are used to monitor the air flow collected into the air compressor 110 and the stack 100. The air compressor 110 pressurizes atmospheric air, which has a high temperature of 120-180 ℃ in general. The first three-way valve 130 divides the pressurized air to flow through the hydrogen-air heat exchanger and the stack inlet path, respectively. The bypass valve 160 directly discharges the redundant air to the inside and outside of the system, the intercooler 190 cools the air before entering the stack, and the humidifier 200 humidifies the air entering the cell stack. The left end of the hydrogen-air heat exchanger is connected with high-temperature air and low-temperature hydrogen, and the right end of the hydrogen-air heat exchanger is connected with hydrogen and air flowing out of the hydrogen-air heat exchanger.
The current ambient temperature of the fuel cell is obtained through a temperature sensor 210 configured in the fuel cell system or the whole vehicle, and whether the fuel cell is in a low-temperature cold start state is judged according to the temperature. If the hydrogen gas is in the low-temperature cold start state, the first three-way valve 130, the second three-way valve 140 and the air compressor 110 are controlled to heat the hydrogen gas. If it is in the normal temperature state, the air and hydrogen directly enter the stack 100 without passing through the hydrogen-air heat exchanger by controlling the opening degrees of the first three-way valve 130 and the second three-way valve 140.
The specific principle is as follows: in the low-temperature cold start state, the opening of the first three-way valve 130 is adjusted in the air path according to the temperature of the hydrogen entering the cell stack 100 detected by the system, so that the high-temperature air flow flowing to the hydrogen-air heat exchanger is reasonably distributed, thereby ensuring that enough air heats the hydrogen to reach the required temperature, and in the process, the state of the first three-way valve 130 is controlled and adjusted in real time according to the temperature of the hydrogen entering the cell stack and the temperature of the cell stack 100. During the fuel cell start-up, the air compressor 110 is controlled to operate at its rated speed during the fuel cell start-up phase in order to ensure the air temperature at the outlet of the air compressor 110. Since the air flow required by the fuel cell is not very large during the start-up phase, and the displacement of the air compressor 110 at the rated speed is greater than the air flow required by the fuel cell, the fuel cell controller calculates the air flow required by the current state in real time, and controls the air bypass valve 160 by monitoring the values of the first air flow meter 170 and the second air flow meter 180, and discharges the surplus air out of the system.
In the hydrogen path, in the low-temperature cold start state, a part of the hydrogen gas is heated by passing through the hydrogen-air heat exchanger by controlling the second three-way valve 140. By monitoring the temperature of the fuel cell stack 100 and the change of the ambient temperature, the flow rate of hydrogen flowing through the hydrogen-air heat exchanger of the second three-way valve 140, i.e., the flow rate of hydrogen to be heated, is controlled in real time, so that the temperature of hydrogen entering the fuel cell stack 100 reaches an optimum temperature.
To sum up, the beneficial effect of this application embodiment is:
1. the flow of the high-temperature gas can be controlled in real time according to the state of the fuel cell so as to control the temperature of the heating hydrogen.
2. The amount of hydrogen to be heated can be controlled in real time according to the state of the fuel cell, so that the temperature of the hydrogen entering the fuel and adhering to the stack can be controlled more accurately, and the cold start performance of the fuel cell can be improved.
In this application, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; the term "plurality" means two or more unless expressly limited otherwise. The terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "connected" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; "coupled" may be direct or indirect through an intermediary. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or unit must have a specific direction, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
In the description herein, the description of the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiments," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (13)
1. A fuel cell cold start apparatus control method for a vehicle, the vehicle including a vehicle body, and a first three-way valve, a second three-way valve, an air compressor, a heat exchanger, a stack, and a bypass valve, the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve, the air compressor, the heat exchanger, the stack, and the bypass valve being provided on the vehicle body, the fuel cell cold start apparatus control method comprising:
acquiring the ambient temperature of the cell stack;
judging whether the environment temperature is lower than a preset temperature or not, and generating a first judgment result;
when the first judgment result is yes, controlling the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve and the air compressor to heat the hydrogen;
and when the first judgment result is negative, controlling a first three-way valve and a second three-way valve to enable air and hydrogen to enter the cell stack.
2. The control method of the cold start-up device of the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein when the first determination result is yes, controlling the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve and the air compressor to heat the hydrogen gas specifically comprises:
acquiring the temperature of hydrogen entering a cell stack, and controlling the air compressor to operate in a rated rotating speed state;
adjusting the opening degrees of the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve according to the deviation of the hydrogen temperature and a preset temperature, so that the hydrogen temperature reaches the preset temperature;
judging whether the hydrogen temperature reaches the preset temperature or not, and generating a second judgment result;
and when the second judgment result is yes, adjusting the air compressor, the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve and the bypass valve to return to a normal working state.
3. The fuel cell cold start-up device control method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the first determination result is yes, controlling the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve, and the air compressor to heat the hydrogen gas specifically includes:
acquiring the temperature of hydrogen entering a cell stack, and controlling the air compressor to operate in a rated rotating speed state;
acquiring air flow required by a cell stack;
and adjusting the opening of the bypass valve according to the deviation of the air flow required by the cell stack and the first air flow meter and the second air flow meter, so that the flow of the second air flow meter is equal to the air flow required by the cell stack.
4. A cold start device for a fuel cell, comprising:
a cell stack (100);
a hydrogen storage bottle (220);
an air compressor (110);
the hydrogen storage device comprises a heat exchanger (120), wherein a hydrogen inlet and an air inlet are formed in one end of the heat exchanger (120), a hydrogen outlet and an air outlet are formed in the other end of the heat exchanger (120), the hydrogen inlet is connected with a hydrogen storage bottle (220), and the hydrogen outlet and the air outlet are communicated with a cell stack (100);
a first three-way valve (130), the first three-way valve (130) including a first inlet passage, a first outlet passage, and a second outlet passage, the air compressor (110) being in communication with the first inlet passage, the first outlet passage being in communication with the cell stack (100), the second outlet passage being in communication with the air inlet.
5. The cold start-up apparatus for a fuel cell according to claim 4, further comprising:
a second three-way valve (140), the second three-way valve (140) comprising a second gas inlet passage, a third gas outlet passage and a fourth gas outlet passage, the second gas inlet passage being in communication with the hydrogen storage bottle (220), the third gas outlet passage being in communication with the hydrogen gas inlet, the fourth gas outlet passage being in communication with the cell stack (100).
6. The cold start-up apparatus for a fuel cell according to claim 5, further comprising:
and the pressure reducing valve (150) is arranged on the hydrogen storage bottle (220) and the second air inlet passage, and the pressure reducing valve (150) is used for reducing the pressure of the hydrogen output by the hydrogen storage bottle (220).
7. The cold start-up apparatus for a fuel cell according to claim 4, further comprising:
a first air branch, a first end of which is connected with the first air outlet passage;
the heat exchanger (120) is arranged on the second air branch, and the first end of the second air branch is connected with the second air outlet passage;
one end of the air main path is communicated with the second end of the first air branch and the second end of the second air branch respectively, and the other end of the air main path is communicated with the cell stack (100).
8. The cold start-up apparatus for a fuel cell according to claim 7, further comprising:
and a bypass valve (160) provided in the main air passage, the bypass valve (160) being configured to discharge air.
9. The cold start-up apparatus for a fuel cell according to claim 8, further comprising:
the first air flow meter (170) is arranged at the air inlet end of the air compressor (110);
a second air flow meter (180) disposed on the primary air path and between the bypass valve (160) and the stack (100).
10. The cold start-up apparatus for a fuel cell according to claim 9, further comprising:
an intercooler (190) provided on the main air path and located between the second air flow meter (180) and the cell stack (100);
and the humidifier (200) is arranged on the main air path and is positioned between the intercooler (190) and the cell stack (100).
11. The cold start-up apparatus for a fuel cell according to claim 5, further comprising:
a first end of the first hydrogen branch is connected with the fourth air outlet passage;
the heat exchanger (120) is arranged on the second hydrogen branch, and the first end of the second hydrogen branch is connected with the third air outlet passage;
one end of the hydrogen main path is communicated with the second end of the first hydrogen branch and the second end of the second hydrogen branch, and the other end of the hydrogen main path is communicated with the cell stack (100).
12. The cold start-up apparatus for a fuel cell according to claim 11, further comprising:
and the temperature sensor (210) is arranged on the hydrogen main path.
13. A vehicle, characterized by comprising:
a vehicle body (300);
the cold start apparatus of a fuel cell according to any one of claims 4 to 12, provided in the vehicle body (300).
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| CN202111260645.5A CN114024004A (en) | 2021-10-28 | 2021-10-28 | Fuel cell cold start device, control method thereof and vehicle |
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| CN202111260645.5A CN114024004A (en) | 2021-10-28 | 2021-10-28 | Fuel cell cold start device, control method thereof and vehicle |
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