CN114023176A - Scientific demonstration device and method for petroleum generation principle in earth depth - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a scientific demonstration device for the generation principle of petroleum in the deep earth, which comprises: the bottom of the gasification furnace is filled with molten iron, and the top of the gasification furnace is provided with a synthesis gas pipeline communicated with the inside of the gasification furnace; the inorganic carbon spray gun, the inorganic water spray gun and the organic matter spray gun are inserted into molten iron, the inorganic carbon spray gun is used for spraying high-valence carbon inorganic matters into the molten iron, the inorganic water spray gun is used for spraying water-containing inorganic matters into the molten iron, and the organic matter spray gun is used for spraying organic matters into the molten iron; and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tower is communicated with the synthesis gas pipeline and is used for synthesizing the gas generated by the gasification furnace into liquid hydrocarbon. The invention discloses a scientific demonstration method for the petroleum generation principle in the earth depth. The invention can visually and vividly demonstrate a certain petroleum forming reaction.

Description

Scientific demonstration device and method for petroleum generation principle in earth depth

Technical Field

The invention relates to a demonstration device for teaching and science popularization. More specifically, the invention relates to a scientific demonstration device for the deep-earth petroleum generation principle.

Background

The formation of petroleum involves complex reaction processes and mechanisms, but the teaching and science cannot be well carried out only by language and characters. Therefore, there is a need for an apparatus and method that enables scientific demonstration of the principles of oil production deep in the earth.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the present invention is to provide a scientific demonstration apparatus and method of the deep-earth petroleum production principle, which can visually and vividly demonstrate the petroleum formation reaction.

To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, there is provided a scientific demonstration apparatus of the principle of petroleum production deep in the earth, comprising: the bottom of the gasification furnace is filled with molten iron, and the top of the gasification furnace is provided with a synthesis gas pipeline communicated with the inside of the gasification furnace; the inorganic carbon spray gun, the inorganic water spray gun and the organic matter spray gun are inserted into molten iron, the inorganic carbon spray gun is used for spraying high-valence carbon inorganic matters into the molten iron, the inorganic water spray gun is used for spraying water-containing inorganic matters into the molten iron, and the organic matter spray gun is used for spraying organic matters into the molten iron; and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tower is communicated with the synthesis gas pipeline and is used for synthesizing the gas generated by the gasification furnace into liquid hydrocarbon.

Further, still include: and the steam conversion unit is communicated with the synthesis gas pipeline and is used for carrying out steam conversion on the gas generated by the gasification furnace, and the steam conversion unit is also communicated with the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tower and is used for introducing the gas obtained by the steam conversion into the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tower.

Further, still include: and the gas inlet and the gas outlet of the waste heat boiler are respectively communicated with the synthesis gas pipeline and the steam conversion unit.

Further, still include: and the gas inlet and the gas outlet of the carbon dioxide removing unit are respectively communicated with the steam conversion unit and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tower.

Further, still include: and a heating unit for heating the molten iron by electric induction or arc.

Further, when the remaining amount of the molten iron is less than a predetermined value, a reducing agent is blown into the molten iron through an inorganic carbon spray gun, an inorganic water spray gun, or an organic matter spray gun to reduce FeO in the molten iron to Fe.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a scientific demonstration method of the principle of petroleum generation deep in the earth, comprising: blowing organic matter into molten ironBiomass, obtaining a biomass containing H₂、CO、H₂O gas mixture to contain H₂、CO、 H₂And sequentially carrying out waste heat recovery, water-gas conversion, carbon dioxide removal and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction on the gas mixture of the O to obtain the liquid hydrocarbon.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a scientific demonstration method of the principle of petroleum generation deep in the earth, comprising: spraying water mist or water vapor or mineral containing crystal water or calcium hydroxide onto molten iron to obtain H-containing iron₂、H₂Blowing carbon dioxide gas or limestone, marble, dolomite, calcite and magnesite granules into molten iron to obtain a mixture containing CO and CO₂Of a gas mixture containing CO, CO₂And a gas mixture containing H₂、H₂And sequentially carrying out waste heat recovery, water-gas conversion, carbon dioxide removal and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction on the gas mixture of the O to obtain the liquid hydrocarbon.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a scientific demonstration method of the principle of petroleum generation deep in the earth, comprising: blowing carbon dioxide gas or limestone, marble, dolomite, calcite and magnesite granules into molten iron to obtain the molten iron containing CO and CO₂For a gas mixture containing CO, CO₂The gas mixture is sequentially subjected to waste heat recovery, water-gas conversion, carbon dioxide removal and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction to obtain liquid hydrocarbon.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a scientific demonstration method of the principle of petroleum generation deep in the earth, comprising: spraying water mist or water vapor or mineral containing crystal water or calcium hydroxide onto molten iron to obtain H-containing iron₂、H₂O to a gas mixture containing H₂、H₂Mixing CO in gas mixture of O₂And sequentially carrying out reverse water-gas conversion, waste heat recovery, carbon dioxide removal and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction on the gas to obtain the liquid hydrocarbon.

The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:

the invention simulates the chemical environment in the deep subway by using the molten iron liquid, can synthesize liquid hydrocarbon by blowing high-valence carbon element inorganic matter, water-containing inorganic matter and organic matter into the molten iron liquid and combining with the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tower, thereby completely showing various causes of petroleum and providing convenience for the teaching and science popularization of petroleum forming reaction.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an equilibrium diagram of CO reduction of iron oxide;

FIG. 2 is H₂Equilibrium diagram of reduced iron oxide;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a scientific demonstration device for the deep-earth oil generation principle of the invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.

It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.

The scientific and technological community acknowledges that: fossil energy such as oil and natural gas is converted from the earth.

The conversion process of organic matters comprises biomass dry distillation processes of wood, bamboo, coconut shells and the like, which are easy to understand, and the dry distillation pyrolysis of the organic matters can obtain three products of pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and carbon residue, which contain three types of gas, liquid and solid and can correspond to gas energy sources such as natural gas/coal bed gas and the like to a certain extent; liquid energy sources such as petroleum; coal and carbonaceous energetic solids such as natural graphite/diamond.

There is a great divergence as to whether inorganic substances can be converted into petroleum and natural gas in the deep part of the earth. Actually, scientists claiming the theory of petroleum inorganic causes also have certain influence in the scientific community and a group of firm supporters. The first theory of petroleum inorganic cause is the discoverer of the periodic table of elements, the great Russian chemist Mendeleev. Mendeleev proposed a well-known theory of the periodic table of elements in 1869, followed by an inorganic cause of petroleum in 1876. For the next 150 years, in soviet and russia today, in china, and other countries around the world, a collection of scientists have adhered to petroleum-inorganic causes.

The Su Union scientist KudeBeam Kufu which has more influence at present has larger academic influence on the inorganic cause of petroleum. The academicians and geochemists of the Chinese academy of sciences wear the golden star, and also hold a positive attitude for inorganic causes of petroleum. And a group of scientists such as the courtyard plum celebration of the Chinese academy of sciences, and the like, also approve that the petroleum inorganic cause is feasible. The petroleum technology experts with more influence in the present generation of China are in the spotlight, always adhere to the inorganic cause of petroleum, and aggregate the relevant theoretical analysis and scientific research to publish two monographs: "the inorganic causes of petroleum" (Beijing: oil industry Press, 2001, ISBN: 7-5021-3369-0/TE.2526) and "the inorganic causes of petroleum" (Beijing: oil industry Press, 2014, ISBN: 978-7-5183-0253-6) have agreeing and disagreeing sounds respectively in the scientific community.

The present application does not intend to be limited to any group, but focuses on the high-temperature and high-pressure material composition in the earth according to the first principle to determine a process technology which can be realized and is completely proved in industry, and shows the scientific principle or a certain scientific principle of the petroleum material synthesized in the earth to teenagers and the public society.

In the deep part of the earth, the lower mantle is high-temperature molten magma substances, and is generally silicate; deeper in the ground, is molten liquid iron. High temperature molten metallic iron and silicate magma, having flow characteristics deep in the earth, are well recognized by the scientific community, especially in volcanic eruptions where large quantities of molten magma flow, are more frequent.

Compared with the deep part of the earth, in the smelting process of ferrous metallurgy, particularly in the smelting of molten pools, such as blast furnace hearths, converter hearths, electric furnace steelmaking, open hearth steelmaking, molten steel secondary refining, smelting reduction ironmaking and the like, a large number of metallurgical molten pool reactors are similar to the deep part of the earth in structure: the bottom is iron liquid with higher density, and the upper part is slag liquid (molten magma) with lower density. In the industrial practice of ferrous metallurgy, blast furnace iron making is carried out at all times in the process of combination and recombination among four elements of iron, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen.

In all blast furnaces of iron works around the world, the most basic chemical reaction is a process of reducing iron oxide with carbon element and CO gas, and a process of lowering the valence of iron element step by step as follows.

Fe₂O₃→Fe₃O₄→FeO→Fe

In chemical thermodynamics, the thermodynamic equilibrium state of the CO gas for reducing iron oxide as in fig. 1 is often used to demonstrate the temperature, CO concentration conditions required for the CO gas to reduce iron oxide. This diagram is known in the metallurgical technology community as the "fork curve". In this figure, the abscissa is the reaction temperature and the ordinate is the molar percentage concentration of CO gas, i.e., the ordinate is CO/(CO + CO)₂) vol.%, four ranges into which four curves I, II, III, IV are divided in the figure, respectively represent the temperature and CO concentration conditions under which metallic iron and three iron oxides are stably present. For example, at 1000 degrees centigrade, if the CO gas volume concentration is 60%, FeO is stably present and is not reduced to Fe, and if the CO gas volume concentration is 90%, FeO is reduced to metallic Fe, meaning that the point in the figure is located above curve III, which is a region where metallic iron stably exists.

FIG. 1 can also be used to measure the ratio of metallic iron, iron suboxides to CO₂The reducing power of the gas. For example, at 800 ℃, the metallic iron has stronger reducing capability and can contact with CO₂About 70% of the gas is reduced to CO gas. The higher the temperature is, the stronger the reducing ability of the metallic iron is, even the low-valence iron oxide FeO still has certain reducing ability, and more than 20 percent of CO can still be reduced at 800 DEG C₂The gas is reduced into CO gas, the ratio of CO in the gas in balance with FeO is more than 20 percent, and the balance is CO₂A gas.

Among them, the most important is the reduction process in which FeO is reduced to Fe. The following reaction is one of the most fundamental chemical reactions.

(FeO)+CO＝[Fe]+CO₂

Using the most basic judgment of metallurgy thermodynamics, the standard free energy of the reaction is as follows

ΔG°＝-49371+40.17T(J/mol)

This means that under standard conditions the temperature is below 956 ℃, the reaction proceeds to the right, which is desirable for the ironmaking process. If the temperature is higher than 956 ℃, the reaction proceeds to the left. In fact, the equilibrium gases obtained are CO and CO₂The higher the temperature of the mixed gas (2), the higher the CO concentration at equilibrium. The volumes of the gases at the two ends of the reaction are not changed and are not sensitive to the change of the total pressure of the gases.

In the earth's core, there is a large amount of high-temperature metallic iron, which may be present due to earth movement even in the lower mantle. At relatively high temperatures, metallic iron, whether solid or liquid, is responsible for CO₂The gases are all reducing, resulting in a certain proportion of CO components in the gas. The reaction formula is as follows.

[Fe]+CO₂＝(FeO)+CO

ΔG°＝49371-40.17T(J/mol)

The temperature is higher, which is judged from the standard free energy of the reaction, and is beneficial to the reaction to be carried out rightwards. When the temperature reaches above 1400 ℃, CO₂The reduction ratio of the excessive high-temperature iron reaches more than 80 percent. Not only CO₂As such, carbonates will decompose to CO at high temperatures₂The gas is also reduced by metallic iron, and carbon element in the carbonate is reduced by high temperature iron to produce CO gas as shown in the following formula.

10CaCO₃+100[Fe]＝10CaO·8FeO+8CO+2CO₂+92[Fe]

In the iron making process, hydrogen can also reduce iron oxides. The recent intense research on "hydrometallurgy", this law of research. Hydrometallurgy, in fact, is a similar reversible reaction of reducing iron oxides with hydrogen. The hydrometallurgical "fork curve" of figure 2 below shows the ability of hydrogen to reduce various iron oxides. Similarly, this graph can also be used to judge the ability of high temperature metallic iron to reduce water, steam, hydrates to obtain hydrogen.

As can be seen in FIG. 2, at 800 deg.C, the metallic iron, in contact with water or a water-containing substance, is able to reduce approximately 70% of its moisture to H₂. Even FeO is used to reduce water, more than 20% of the water can be reduced to H₂。

The key chemical reaction of hydrogen to reduce FeO in hydrometallurgy is as follows.

H₂+FeO＝H₂O+Fe

The thermodynamic standard free energy calculation formula is as follows.

ΔG°＝23430-16.16T(J/mol)

Meaning that at temperatures below 1177 c the reaction proceeds to the left, i.e. at lower temperatures the water molecules are more easily reduced by metallic iron to obtain hydrogen. This reaction, in turn, is seen from right to left, then a large amount of zero-valent iron elements deep in the earth, can act as a reducing agent for water, displacing hydrogen. That is, the chemical reaction of the following reaction formula occurs deep in the earth.

H₂O+Fe＝H₂+FeO

Accordingly, the equation of standard free energy of reaction for characterizing chemical thermodynamics can be simply expressed as

ΔG°＝-23430+16.16T(J/mol)

To calculate the equation, the temperature is less than 1177 degrees celsius and the reaction proceeds to the right under standard conditions. In fact, even at higher temperatures, the reaction proceeds to some extent, except for H at equilibrium₂The occupation ratio is low.

In fact, in CO₂On the basis of reduction of iron atoms into CO, CO can be used as a reducing agent to reduce hydrogen in water molecules, and the process is called steam conversion.

3CO+6H₂O＝2CO₂+CO+3H₂+3H₂O

C is calculated by adopting classical commercial software Factsage7.3 of metallurgical thermodynamics under the condition of setting the excess of metallic ironO₂Or H₂O is reduced by iron at atmospheric pressure, respectively, with the following gas equilibria, see Table below.

Temperature(℃)	CO/(CO+CO2),vol.％	H2/(H2+H2O),vol.％
			500		82.4
600		75.7
			700	60.7	71.7
800	66.0	68.0
			900	69.8	64.8
1000	72.7	62.0
			1100	75.0	59.7
1200	77.0	57.9
			1300	78.7	56.5
1400	80.7	56.2
			1500	83.5	58.1
1600	85.3	62.8

CO and H with reducing property₂The gas, catalyzed by metallic iron or iron oxide, is likely to undergo Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS Synthesis), i.e., what german scientists found in 1923, is capable of converting syngas to alkanes, i.e., the more predominant component of petroleum. Up to now, Germany, south Africa and China have large-scale plants for producing artificial oil materials from synthesis gas in operation.

(2n+1)H₂+nCO＝C_nH_(2n+2)+nH₂O

If the reaction is carried out at a higher pressure, for example 5000 atmospheresUnder pressure, CO can be further reduced by iron to elemental C, yielding Fe₃C or C dissolves into the iron. Natural graphite, natural diamond deposits found deep in the earth should not exclude this possibility.

Fe+CO＝FeO+C

The combination of elemental C with hydrogen into an alkane is also not difficult.

In summary, the manufacturing of such a scientific principle demonstration device can be completely realized at present: introducing CO₂Gas or carbonate is used as a carbon source, water or mineral containing crystal water is used as a hydrogen source, and the gas or the carbonate is blown into molten iron in a molten iron bath mode to obtain a molten iron containing CO and H₂Cooling, dedusting, desulfurizing, pressurizing, regulating hydrogen-carbon ratio by steam conversion, and removing CO₂And steam, and sending the mixture into a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tower to obtain the mixed fuel oil of gasoline, diesel oil and the like. Such devices are short-term and have two difficulties that make the entire process non-sustainable for long periods of time. One is the temperature reduction of the whole molten iron bath, and the second is the oxidation of the molten iron into FeO. The temperature can be maintained by heating modes such as induction and electric arc, or the temperature can be maintained in any condition, when a large amount of molten iron bath is cooled to be close to solidification, the demonstration in the period is suspended, carbon reduction or hydrogen reduction is adopted subsequently, so that ferrous oxide is reduced to iron again and the temperature is raised to a higher superheat degree, and then the circulation demonstration in the next period is started. This requires that the amount of iron be far in excess of the fuel oil composition per unit time, which is in some way consistent with the two characteristics of the earth's large excess of zero-valent iron and the huge heat source.

Another particularity of this device is that: the device can be used by people who adhere to inorganic petroleum causes or organic petroleum causes to blow wood, bamboo, sawdust and the like into a molten iron bath at high speed to produce synthetic gas, and then liquid fuel oil and natural gas are obtained by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Or inorganic carbonate and mineral containing inorganic water to obtain the same product. In this way, under the reduction or heat action of the high-temperature iron element, no matter organic matters, inorganic carbon and hydrogen, the organic matters, the inorganic carbon and the hydrogen can be converted and synthesized into fossil energy.

As a science popularization display device, the science popularization display device is not a device which can prove that petroleum in the deep part of the earth is synthesized by inorganic hydrocarbon, but integrates a plurality of basic chemical principles: one is that molten metal iron has strong reducing power at high temperature, and can reduce inert carbon dioxide and inorganic moisture into low-valence CO gas and H2 gas simultaneously or respectively, and the other is that: these hydrocarbon-containing inorganic gases can be synthesized into hydrocarbon-based organic compounds at relatively low temperatures in the presence of iron element and acting as a catalyst.

Similarly, the device of this application also can provide the effect that organic matter is heated anaerobic dry distillation, and the fuse-element provides the source of high temperature heat for the organic matter is among them high temperature dehydration, carbonization, gasification become the inorganic small molecule gas that has the synthetic gas property, under the iron element catalytic action under the reduction temperature, still can synthesize hydrocarbon organic matter again.

From the perspective of elements, the earth crust contains more oxygen and silicon elements, the most elements of the whole earth are iron elements, the iron elements exist in a high-temperature molten metal state in the deep part of the earth, and the high-temperature metal iron has stronger reducing capability. The material in the mantle has the characteristics of high temperature and high pressure. The mantle material has the characteristics of melt flow, great heat storage capacity and capability of releasing CO at high temperature₂When the gas and steam minerals move deep in the earth, if the minerals meet with the metallic iron flowing in the lower mantle, the probability that the minerals are reduced to obtain the synthesis gas exists. In the upward movement process with smaller synthetic gas density, the temperature is reduced along with the approach of the synthetic gas to the ground surface, and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction in the deep of the earth is likely to occur under the catalysis of iron elements and iron oxides, so that oil substances are obtained. Even FeO, for CO₂Also exhibit some reducibility, then FeO in the mantle is considered to convert CO₂The reduction of a small part of the gas, for example 20%, to CO is also thermodynamically true.

In recent years, scientists at the beijing center of high-pressure science research have considered that under high-pressure conditions deep in the earth's mantle, a series of special chemical reactions occur, not only iron can reduce CO gas into elemental carbon to present natural graphite and diamond deposits, but even special chemical reactions exist in which water oxidizes iron into iron dioxide, which is said to be associated with the large oxidation Event (GOE) in which the oxygen content in the earth atmosphere suddenly increases 20 hundred million years ago.

As shown in fig. 3, an embodiment of the present application provides a scientific demonstration apparatus of the principle of oil generation deep in the earth, comprising: the bottom of the gasification furnace 101 is filled with molten iron 102, the temperature is kept at 1200-1800 ℃, and the top of the gasification furnace 101 is provided with a synthesis gas pipeline 105 communicated with the inside of the gasification furnace 101; the spray gun comprises an inorganic carbon spray gun #1 (spray gun #1), an inorganic water spray gun #2 (spray gun #2) and an organic matter spray gun #3 (spray gun #3), wherein the spray nozzles of the inorganic carbon spray gun #1, the inorganic water spray gun #2 and the organic matter spray gun #3 are all made of refractory materials and are all inserted into molten iron 102, and the inorganic carbon spray gun #1 is used for spraying high-valence carbon inorganic matters such as CO into the molten iron 102₂The three spray guns adopt inert gases such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water vapor and the like as carrier gases to spray crushed solid materials, and the selection principle of the inert gases is as consistent as possible with the elements of the sprayed materials; a fischer-tropsch synthesis tower which is communicated with the synthesis gas pipeline 105 and is used for carrying out fischer-tropsch synthesis reaction to synthesize long-carbon-chain liquid hydrocarbons from the gas generated by the gasification furnace 101; preferably, a gas storage tank is also arranged between the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tower and the synthesis gas pipeline 105, and when enough gas is collected or is pretreated, the gas storage tank is introduced into the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tower.

When in use, the inorganic carbon spray gun #1 sprays inorganic matters containing high-valence carbon elements into the molten iron 102 to perform reduction reaction of high-temperature iron on the carbon elements to obtain the molten iron containing CO and CO₂The gas mixture of (a); inorganic water spray gun #2 sprays hydrous inorganic substances into the molten iron bath 102 to generate high-temperature iron pairsReduction reaction of hydrogen element in water to obtain the product containing H₂、H₂A gas mixture of O water vapor; the organic matter spray gun #3 sprays water-containing or dry organic matters into the molten iron 102 to generate high-temperature thermal cracking of the organic matters and reduction of carbon and hydrogen by iron elements, and H is obtained₂、CO、H₂A gas mixture of O water vapor; preferably, a small flow of nitrogen is continuously introduced into each lance to prevent the nozzle of the lance from being blocked by the solidification of molten iron. By adjusting the use of each spray gun, the spray gun will contain H₂Feeding the mixed gas with CO into a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tower (FTS), heating and then carrying out Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction to obtain liquid hydrocarbon, and demonstrating various cause reactions of petroleum;

the reaction equation for the fischer-tropsch synthesis reaction is as follows:

(2n+1)H₂+nCO＝C_nH_(2n+2)+nH₂O。

in other embodiments, further comprising: and the water vapor conversion unit 202 is communicated with the synthesis gas pipeline 105 and is used for performing water vapor conversion on the gas generated by the gasification furnace 101, and the water vapor conversion unit 202 is also communicated with the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tower and is used for introducing the gas obtained through the water vapor conversion into the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tower. The reaction equation for water gas shift is as follows:

3CO+6H₂O＝2CO₂+CO+3H₂+3H₂O；

the steam shift unit 202 may adjust H₂the/CO ratio, in preparation for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction.

In other embodiments, further comprising: and the gas inlet and the gas outlet of the waste heat boiler are respectively communicated with the synthesis gas pipeline 105 and the water vapor conversion unit 202. The exhaust-heat boiler 201 is used for cooling and sensible heat recovery, preferably, the exhaust-heat boiler is subjected to dry dedusting such as cloth bag dedusting and electrostatic dedusting, then the exhaust-heat boiler enters a gas compressor for compression, the compressed gas is indirectly heated through a heat exchanger or indirectly reheated from a high-temperature raw material gas, and then the compressed gas enters the water vapor conversion unit 202.

In other embodiments, further comprising: a carbon dioxide removal unit 203 having a gas inlet and a gas outlet communicating with the steam shift unit 202 and the fischer-tropsch synthesis column, respectively, for example, for adsorbing carbon dioxide using a solid adsorbent.

In other embodiments, further comprising: a heating unit for heating the molten iron 102 by electric induction or arc. Electric induction heating or electrode arc heating is adopted, an electrode rod penetrates through the top of a closed container with a dynamic sealing device to heat an iron liquid molten pool, and the heating power required by the mass number of materials injected into the furnace per hour is not lower than 5 KW/(kg/hr);

in other embodiments, when the remaining amount of the molten iron 102 is less than the predetermined value, the reducing agent is blown into the molten iron 102 through the inorganic carbon spray gun #1, the inorganic water spray gun #2, or the organic matter spray gun #3 to reduce FeO in the molten iron 102 to Fe. The molten iron 102 is oxidized into FeO due to the introduction of water, carbon dioxide and organic matters, when a certain demonstration period is finished or the amount of the residual iron is less than 30% of the initial amount of iron, the demonstration is stopped, and the FeO is subjected to smelting reduction by blowing carbon powder, hydrogen, natural gas, fuel oil and the like, so that the FeO in the molten pool is reduced and regenerated into the iron.

The embodiment of the application also provides a scientific demonstration method of the deep-earth petroleum generation principle, which comprises the following steps: blowing organic biomass into molten iron 102 to obtain a molten iron containing H₂、CO、H₂O gas mixture to contain H₂、CO、H₂And sequentially carrying out waste heat recovery, water-gas conversion, carbon dioxide removal and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction on the gas mixture of the O to obtain the liquid hydrocarbon. No material is injected into the spray gun #1 and no material is injected into the spray gun #2, only the spray gun #3 injects dry or water-containing organic matters, the organic matters are biomass such as trees, agricultural straws, sawdust, rice hulls and the like, and finally Fischer-Tropsch synthesis liquid products are obtained, and the possible chemical principle of obtaining petroleum-like products from organic matter raw materials is shown.

The embodiment of the application also provides a scientific demonstration method of the deep-earth petroleum generation principle, which comprises the following steps: spraying water mist or water vapor or mineral containing crystal water or calcium hydroxide to molten iron 102 to obtain H-containing molten iron₂、H₂Gas of OMixing, blowing carbon dioxide gas or limestone, marble, dolomite, calcite, and magnesite granules into molten iron to obtain a mixture containing CO and CO₂Of a gas mixture containing CO, CO₂And a gas mixture containing H₂、 H₂And sequentially carrying out waste heat recovery, water-gas conversion, carbon dioxide removal and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction on the gas mixture of the O to obtain the liquid hydrocarbon. The spray gun #1 sprays carbon dioxide gas or particles of limestone, marble, dolomite, calcite, magnesite and the like which are rich in calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate, the spray gun #2 sprays liquid water mist or water vapor or particles of minerals containing crystal water or substances such as calcium hydroxide and the like, and the spray gun #3 does not spray materials, so that a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis liquid product is finally obtained, and the possible chemical principle of obtaining petroleum-like products from inorganic hydrocarbon raw materials is shown.

The embodiment of the application also provides a scientific demonstration method of the deep-earth petroleum generation principle, which comprises the following steps: blowing carbon dioxide gas or limestone, marble, dolomite, calcite and magnesite particles into the molten iron 102 to obtain a molten iron containing CO and CO₂For a gas mixture containing CO, CO₂The gas mixture is sequentially subjected to waste heat recovery, water-gas conversion, carbon dioxide removal and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction to obtain liquid hydrocarbon. The spray gun #1 blows carbon dioxide gas or particles of limestone, marble, dolomite, calcite, magnesite and the like rich in calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate, the spray gun #2 does not blow materials, the spray gun #3 does not blow materials, the obtained CO gas is compressed and then enters a water vapor conversion regulating unit, CO water vapor conversion is carried out to obtain hydrogen-containing synthesis gas, subsequent links are carried out, and finally a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis liquid product is obtained, and the possible chemical principle of obtaining a petroleum-like product from the action of an inorganic carbon raw material and water is shown.

The embodiment of the application also provides a scientific demonstration method of the deep-earth petroleum generation principle, which comprises the following steps: the setting the same 2 sets of presentation device, the granule of the spray gun #1 jetting carbon dioxide gas or the lime stone, marble, dolomite, calcite, magnesite etc. that are rich in calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate of first set of device, spray gun #2 do not spout the material, and spray gun #3 does not spout the material. First, theThe spray gun #1 of the two sets of devices does not spray the material, the spray gun #2 sprays liquid water mist or water vapor or particles of mineral substances containing crystal water or calcium hydroxide and other substances, the spray gun #3 does not spray the material, and H obtained by the second set of devices₂After compression, the mixture is introduced into a first set of device and mixed with compressed CO gas to finally obtain a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis liquid product, and a possible chemical principle of obtaining petroleum-like products from inorganic hydrocarbon raw materials is shown.

The embodiment of the application also provides a scientific demonstration method of the deep-earth petroleum generation principle, which comprises the following steps: spraying water mist or water vapor or mineral containing crystal water or calcium hydroxide to molten iron 102 to obtain H-containing molten iron₂、H₂O to a gas mixture containing H₂、H₂Mixing CO in gas mixture of O₂And sequentially carrying out reverse water-gas conversion, waste heat recovery, carbon dioxide removal and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction on the gas to obtain the liquid hydrocarbon. Spray gun #1 does not spray material, spray gun #2 sprays liquid water mist or water vapor or mineral matter containing crystal water or particles of substances such as calcium hydroxide, spray gun #3 does not spray material, and the obtained initial high temperature H₂-H₂Mixing O water vapor gas with CO₂Gas or blowing carbonate-containing mineral particles to perform reverse steam shift reaction to generate H₂And CO, finally obtaining a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis liquid product, and showing the possible chemical principle of obtaining a petroleum-like product by the action of the inorganic hydrogen raw material and the inert carbon-containing minerals.

The following description will be made in detail with reference to several embodiments.

Example 1:

a set of demonstration device is arranged, the core of the demonstration device is a closed molten iron gasification furnace 101 isolated from the outside atmosphere, 60-100 tons of molten iron are contained in the furnace, the temperature is 1300 ℃ and 1600 ℃, the normal pressure is kept, three spray guns #1, #2 and #3 are inserted into the gasification furnace from the top and the side wall and are immersed into the molten iron 102, and the spray guns are made of refractory materials and can resist the iron to scour for a certain time. And continuously introducing a small flow of nitrogen into the spray gun to prevent the spray gun mouth from being blocked by the solidification of molten iron.

The gasifier adopts three-phase alternating current heating electrode 109 to heat, and heating power is 5000KVA, and the electrode hole adopts the common dynamic seal structure in metallurgy to the isolated atmosphere.

When the demonstration is started, nitrogen flow is increased for blowing by all the spray guns, no material is added, and the nitrogen is used for driving the air in the system space until the oxygen of the whole gasification furnace system is reduced from 21% to below 1% of the safety value. Then, materials such as branches, wood chips, sawdust and straws are continuously fed into a transparent feeding bin by a belt feeding machine in front of a visitor, the materials fall into a crusher, biomass raw materials are crushed into small particles or fragments with the particle size of less than 3mm, then the small particles or fragments are added into a blowing tank, nitrogen with the pressure of 0.5-1.0MPa is used as carrier gas, the biomass raw materials are blown into a spray gun #3, a conveying pipeline made of transparent materials is arranged in front of the spray gun, and the visitor can observe the biomass fragments on site to be carried by high-speed air flow and then enter the spray gun # 3. When the nitrogen content in the system exceeds 45 percent, the system is vented or introduced into other equipment for combustion, and does not enter the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tower, and when the nitrogen content is reduced to below 45 percent, the furnace gas is introduced into the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tower.

The nitrogen flow is 80-120NM³The water content of biomass particles is 35 percent, the blowing rate per hour is 1000kg/hr, and the obtained high-temperature furnace gas comprises the following components in percentage by volume except nitrogen: h₂43% of gas, 35% of CO gas, and CO₂4% of gas and 17% of water vapor, wherein the amount of the furnace gas per hour is 1432NM³。

After the temperature is reduced and the moisture is removed, the furnace gas amount is 1174NM per hour³The furnace gas component is H₂52% of CO gas, 43% of CO gas and CO₂The gas accounts for 5 percent, the gas can not be converted by water vapor 202, the gas directly enters a low-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis link after being removed by a carbon dioxide removing unit 203 through common process means in the chemical fields of pressure swing adsorption or low-temperature methanol washing, MDEA and the like, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction is carried out in a slurry bed or a fixed bed Fischer-Tropsch reactor under the action of an iron-based catalyst, the condensed liquid fuel obtained per hour is about 100 kilograms, the condensed liquid fuel flows out of a system through a pipeline and a valve, the volume per hour is about 110 liters and 120 liters, the petroleum-like products can be visually seen to continuously flow out of the pipeline, and the color ratio is higherThe common crude oil is lighter and more beautiful, but the basic characteristics of the common crude oil are basically consistent with those of fuel oil, and the common crude oil can not be directly used for gasoline engines and diesel engines of automobiles and the like because the common crude oil is not fractionated, but can be used as fuel in heating devices such as boilers and the like.

Ash in the biomass accumulates above the molten iron 102 to form a molten slag 103 layer mainly containing silicate.

In the process, a three-phase electrode can be adopted to heat the molten iron bath, the heating power is 5000-10000KVA, and the heating mode is continuously or discontinuously carried out. The stored heat of the molten iron can support a power-off time of about 30 minutes.

And (4) blowing out the furnace at regular intervals, checking the loss condition of the refractory materials containing the molten iron refractory materials and the three spray guns, and maintaining or replacing the three spray guns.

By this example, it is shown to visitors that organic matter under high temperature and pressure conditions, in the presence of high temperature metallic iron, yields liquid hydrocarbons.

Example 2:

the apparatus configuration was the same as in example 1.

Spray gun #1 blowing CO₂Gas, lance #2, sparges a liquid mist of water carried with the nitrogen. The blowing amount of carbon dioxide and water mist was 2000kg/hr, and nitrogen gas was used as a carrier gas for water spraying. The mass ratio of the carrier gas nitrogen to the water mist is 1: 8-1: 10.

The high-temperature furnace gas does not contain carrier gas nitrogen, and the hourly output is 3500NM³Hr, component H₂42% of gas, 25% of CO gas and CO₂Gas 4%, H₂The O water vapor content was 29%.

After cooling, drying and dewatering, the yield of furnace gas without nitrogen is 2485NM³The effective gas amount excluding carbon dioxide is 2345NM³Hr, H in effective gas₂The ratio/CO was 1.68.

The furnace gas is compressed and then sent into a steam conversion device 202, the hydrogen-carbon ratio is adjusted to be 2.1-2.3, most of carbon dioxide is removed through a carbon dioxide removing unit 202, the synthesis gas enters a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tower, the one-way conversion rate is 35-50%, 200 kg of liquid oil products are obtained per hour, and the rest of non-condensable gas is dehydrated and then used as fuel gas to generate electricity.

The device adopts 6000-10000KVA electrodes to heat and maintain the temperature.

The device consumes 5.7 tons of molten iron per hour, converts the molten iron into FeO, partially mixes with the molten iron, and partially floats above the molten iron.

After the device is continuously operated for 12 hours, the furnace must be stopped because most of the molten iron is oxidized. Carbon powder, coal powder, natural gas, hydrogen, heavy oil and the like are injected, electric heating is carried out simultaneously, and FeO is reduced by using carbon element and hydrogen element, so that the regeneration of the molten iron is realized.

Because FeO corrodes the refractory material seriously, the refractory material of the molten pool and the refractory material outside the spray gun must be overhauled, maintained, gunned and the like in time after the demonstration of the embodiment is finished. In the demonstration process, the lower molten iron temperature of 1400 ℃ and 1450 ℃ is adopted.

This example demonstrates the scientific principle that inorganic species are reduced to lower-valence hydrocarbon gases by high-temperature iron and then synthesized into hydrocarbons.

Example 3:

two identical apparatuses of examples 1 to 2 were used. The spray gun #1 of the first set of device sprays limestone particles, the limestone contains more than 95% of calcium carbonate, the particle size is not more than 1mm, nitrogen is used as carrier gas, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen to the limestone is 1: 15.

Blowing limestone 4000kg/hr per hour to obtain furnace gas containing 92% CO gas and CO₂8% of gas, the amount of effective synthesis gas (namely CO gas) per hour is 780NM³And/hr. After furnace gas is cooled and dedusted, the furnace gas is compressed and sent into a steam conversion unit 202, and CaO and iron oxide products FeO and a small amount of Fe after material decomposition are obtained₂O₃Entering into a slag phase.

The second furnace only has a spray gun #2 for blowing materials, the materials are Ca (OH) below 1mm₂Particles, Ca (OH)₂Decomposing and dehydrating at 580 deg.C, Ca (OH) in molten iron₂Equivalent to CaO and H₂O water vapor, nitrogen as carrier gas, with blowing amount of 4000kg/hr per hour, and obtaining effective synthesis gas H per hour₂The amount is 880NM³Hr, CaO and iron oxidation after material decompositionProduct FeO and small amount of Fe₂O₃And is incorporated into the slag phase.

And after the hydrogen of the second furnace is cooled, dehydrated and dedusted, the hydrogen is compressed, the compressed hydrogen is introduced into the steam conversion unit 202 of the first furnace, is mixed with the compressed CO gas generated by the first furnace, is added with steam, is converted and adjusted to have the hydrogen-carbon ratio of 2.0-2.3, then removes acid gases such as carbon dioxide and the like, and is sent into a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tower to carry out Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, and 150kg of Fischer-Tropsch synthesized liquid oil can be obtained per hour.

The two furnaces are powered on and maintain the power of 7000-10000 KVA.

The device of this embodiment can be demonstrated continuously for about 30 hours.

The chemical principle that after high-temperature iron and high-valence inorganic carbon oxides and inorganic water-containing substances respectively act, gas products of the high-temperature iron and the high-valence inorganic carbon oxides can be synthesized into high-molecular liquid fuel after meeting each other is shown in the embodiment.

Example 4:

the apparatus configuration was the same as in example 1.

Only spray gun #1 can decompose CO at high temperature₂Carbonate mineral particles of gas. The rest spray guns do not blow the materials. 7500 kg of dolomite particles are blown in each hour, the molar ratio of Ca to Mg in the dolomite is 1:1, and the total amount of carbonate minerals is 94 percent.

The proportion of CO gas in the furnace gas is 92 percent, and the CO amount of the effective gas produced per hour is 1560NM³And/hr. Sensible heat of produced CO gas is recovered through a waste heat boiler 201 to obtain steam, the steam is cooled, dedusted and compressed and then enters a steam conversion unit 202, the steam is added according to a steam-gas ratio of 2-3 to perform steam conversion, the hydrogen-carbon ratio in the synthetic gas is about 2, then moisture and carbon dioxide are removed, and the synthetic gas is sent to a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tower to obtain condensed oil products of about 130 kg.

The molten iron needs to be heated by energization, and the thermal power needs to be increased to 10000-20000 KVA.

CaO, MgO, FeO and a small amount of Fe decomposed from dolomite₂O₃And jointly enter the molten slag liquid phase 103.

This example shows that carbonate minerals can still be synthesized into petroleum-like substances by the action of inorganic water after being reduced by high-temperature iron.

Example 5:

the apparatus configuration was the same as in example 1.

Only spray gun #2 was used to spray mineral which decomposed at high temperature to release water vapor, using Ca (OH)₂And (4) representing. Blowing 7000kg/hr of mineral particles per hour, H in furnace gas₂82 percent of the hydrogen is used for obtaining 1700NM of effective hydrogen per hour³And/hr. Before the furnace gas is cooled, fine carbonate mineral powder such as CaCO3 is sprayed to react with the furnace gas, and the furnace gas contains certain CO₂Gas and CO gas, wherein H₂Per CO is 10, the effective syngas per hour is about 1680NM³And/hr, cooling, dedusting, compressing, and directly feeding into a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tower to obtain about 15 kg of liquid oil product.

The scientific principle that hydrogen and carbonate react to synthesize liquid hydrocarbons after the hydrogen is obtained by reducing water with high-temperature metal iron is shown in the embodiment.

The number of apparatuses and the scale of the process described herein are intended to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications and variations of the scientific demonstration apparatus of the principles of the invention for oil production deep in the earth will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. Scientific presentation device of the deep oil of earth's formation principle, its characterized in that includes:

the bottom of the gasification furnace is filled with molten iron, and the top of the gasification furnace is provided with a synthesis gas pipeline communicated with the inside of the gasification furnace;

the inorganic carbon spray gun, the inorganic water spray gun and the organic matter spray gun are inserted into molten iron, the inorganic carbon spray gun is used for spraying high-valence carbon inorganic matters into the molten iron, the inorganic water spray gun is used for spraying water-containing inorganic matters into the molten iron, and the organic matter spray gun is used for spraying organic matters into the molten iron;

and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tower is communicated with the synthesis gas pipeline and is used for synthesizing the gas generated by the gasification furnace into liquid hydrocarbon.

2. A scientific demonstration device of the principles of oil production deep in the earth as claimed in claim 1 further comprising:

and the steam conversion unit is communicated with the synthesis gas pipeline and is used for carrying out steam conversion on the gas generated by the gasification furnace, and the steam conversion unit is also communicated with the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tower and is used for introducing the gas obtained by the steam conversion into the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tower.

3. A scientific demonstration device of the principles of oil production deep in the earth as claimed in claim 2 further comprising:

and the gas inlet and the gas outlet of the waste heat boiler are respectively communicated with the synthesis gas pipeline and the steam conversion unit.

4. A scientific demonstration device of the principles of oil production deep in the earth as claimed in claim 3 further comprising:

and the gas inlet and the gas outlet of the carbon dioxide removing unit are respectively communicated with the steam conversion unit and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tower.

5. A scientific demonstration device of the principles of oil production deep in the earth as claimed in claim 1 further comprising:

and a heating unit for heating the molten iron by electric induction or arc.

6. A scientific demonstration apparatus for the principle of oil production deep in the earth as claimed in claim 1 wherein when the remaining amount of molten iron is below a predetermined value, a reducing agent is blown into the molten iron through an inorganic carbon lance, an inorganic water lance or an organic matter lance to reduce FeO in the molten iron to Fe.

7. A scientific demonstration method for the petroleum generation principle in the earth depth is characterized by comprising the following steps:

blowing organic biomass into molten iron to obtain the product containing H₂、CO、H₂O gas mixture to contain H₂、CO、H₂And sequentially carrying out waste heat recovery, water-gas conversion, carbon dioxide removal and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction on the gas mixture of the O to obtain the liquid hydrocarbon.

8. A scientific demonstration method for the petroleum generation principle in the earth depth is characterized by comprising the following steps:

spraying water mist or water vapor or mineral containing crystal water or calcium hydroxide onto molten iron to obtain H-containing iron₂、H₂Blowing carbon dioxide gas or limestone, marble, dolomite, calcite and magnesite granules into molten iron to obtain a mixture containing CO and CO₂Of a gas mixture containing CO, CO₂And a gas mixture containing H₂、H₂And sequentially carrying out waste heat recovery, water-gas conversion, carbon dioxide removal and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction on the gas mixture of the O to obtain the liquid hydrocarbon.

9. A scientific demonstration method for the petroleum generation principle in the earth depth is characterized by comprising the following steps:

blowing carbon dioxide gas or limestone, marble, dolomite, calcite and magnesite granules into molten iron to obtain the molten iron containing CO and CO₂For a gas mixture containing CO, CO₂The gas mixture is sequentially subjected to waste heat recovery, water-gas conversion, carbon dioxide removal and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction to obtain liquid hydrocarbon.

10. A scientific demonstration method for the petroleum generation principle in the earth depth is characterized by comprising the following steps:

spraying water mist or water vapor or mineral containing crystal water or calcium hydroxide onto molten iron to obtain H-containing iron₂、H₂O to a gas mixture containing H₂、H₂Mixing CO in gas mixture of O₂And sequentially carrying out reverse water-gas conversion, waste heat recovery, carbon dioxide removal and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction on the gas to obtain the liquid hydrocarbon.

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