CN114021394A - Oblique photography model optimization method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for optimizing a tilted photography model, wherein the method at least comprises the following steps: constructing a quadtree model based on the ergodic reading oblique photography initial model information; performing first data compression on the quadtree model and converting the quadtree model into a uniform format; the vertex position and normal direction information in the triangular network after the uniform format is changed are stored in a halfFloat data type; searching and predefining triangulation networks with the same geometric type, and loading triangulation network information in a reference mode; and connecting the data of each level in a binary mode to form a binary file. The invention can be compatible with a mainstream three-dimensional engine, can save a large amount of computing power and disk space, and can greatly reduce performance consumption in network transmission and model management. And the integrity of the data is checked so as to ensure the integrity of the data when the data is transmitted among the multiple devices.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oblique photography, in particular to an optimization method and device of an oblique photography model.
Background
With the development of aerial surveying and mapping technology, oblique photography technology is also increasingly applied in various industries. Oblique photography, although modeling is simple, data production is fast. But the modeled volume and loading speed are far less than those of the traditional modeling mode. The reason is that the data structure of the oblique photography model is complex, which consumes a lot of computational performance. When the loading display is carried out on the mobile terminal equipment, the loading is slow and the operation is more obvious in blockage due to the fact that the mobile terminal equipment is weak in performance.
For example, patent document CN112446959A in the related art discloses an optimization method of a oblique photography model, the optimization method including: acquiring an original model of oblique photography, wherein the original model is three-dimensional data generated by oblique photography data; setting the number of hierarchical structures used for displaying of the oblique photography model to be n; carrying out successive entity cutting treatment on the original model for n times in total; the object of the entity cutting processing is a hierarchical block in the original model or the current hierarchical structure, and a next hierarchical structure is obtained after the entity cutting processing is carried out once; carrying out lightweight treatment on different hierarchical structures layer by layer to obtain a plurality of lightweight hierarchical structures; wherein, from the second hierarchical structure, the weight reduction rate of each hierarchical structure is higher than the weight reduction rate of the previous hierarchical structure. Although the invention can lead the terminal equipment to request different data loading amounts under different observation requirements, thereby improving the loading speed of different observation requirements, the oblique photography model in the invention still has larger data volume and occupies larger storage space.
In view of the drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention is intended to propose a method capable of solving the above problems.
Furthermore, on the one hand, due to the differences in understanding to the person skilled in the art; on the other hand, since the applicant has studied a great deal of literature and patents when making the present invention, but the disclosure is not limited thereto and the details and contents thereof are not listed in detail, it is by no means the present invention has these prior art features, but the present invention has all the features of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to increase the related prior art in the background.
Disclosure of Invention
In the prior art, a data model in oblique photography is optimized by adopting a model lightweight method, but a lightweight data model formed by solid cutting has reduced data storage space, but data does not have integrity, and the data may have poor display quality due to incompleteness during transmission among multiple devices.
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an oblique photography model optimization method, which comprises the following steps: constructing a quadtree model based on the ergodic reading oblique photography initial model information; performing first data compression on the quadtree model and converting the quadtree model into a uniform format; by simplifying data and compressing data for many times, the method can be compatible with a mainstream three-dimensional engine, save a large amount of computing power and disk space, and greatly reduce performance consumption in network transmission and model management.
The vertex position and normal information in the triangular net with the changed unified format are stored in a halfFloat data type to search for the triangular net with the same geometric type, the triangular net is predefined, and the triangular net information is loaded in a reference mode; so set up, can save relevant space. And connecting the data of each level in a binary mode to form a binary file.
Preferably, the method further comprises: and performing second data compression on the binary file. And the data compression is performed twice, so that the redundancy of files and the complexity of calculation are reduced, an integrity check function is added for the oblique photography model, and the integrity of the model in transmission is ensured. Compared with other compression methods, the method greatly reduces the volume of the model and the calculation amount during loading under the condition of small precision loss, so that the oblique photography model can be conveniently loaded and displayed by the mobile terminal equipment and the low-performance equipment.
Preferably, the step of constructing the quadtree model based on the ergodic read oblique photography model initial information includes: after the quad tree model is built, writing the block information of the first level into the child nodes of the root node of the quad tree model.
Preferably, the step of constructing the quadtree model based on the ergodic read oblique photography initial model information further comprises: and circularly reading the information of the next node, loading the index information of the LOD and the related model data from the PageLod, and constructing a complete oblique photography quad-tree model.
Preferably, the step of compressing and converting the first data into a uniform format includes: acquiring parameters of the basic body of the quadtree model at the same level and storing the parameters in a halfFloat data type, thereby forming first data compression; and compressing and converting the stretched texture file into a uniform format. In the prior art, files are stored in a format such as jpg, and secondary decompression is required in the process of reading a display card, so that more calculation performance is consumed. The texture file is stretched before the first compression and is uniformly stored in DDS format, and the DDS has the advantages that the DDS is used as a compression format which can be directly read by the display card, secondary decompression is not needed in the processing, and the DDS can be directly rendered in the display card.
The specific way of data stretching here is: the texture is specified to have a resolution of 512 x 512 at maximum, the length and width must be a power of 2, and the length and width are uniform. The compression and stretching is performed using the DXT1 compression algorithm.
In the prior art, the stored triangle network vertex position and normal direction of the triangle network in the oblique photography model are relatively resource-consuming and space-consuming in calculation. In order to avoid the defect, the invention actively changes the vertex position and normal direction information in the triangular network with the uniform format and forms a halfFloat data type. The invention reduces four bytes occupied by Float into two bytes, thereby meeting the precision of remobile equipment or other low-performance equipment and saving a large amount of calculation power and space.
Preferably, the method further comprises: the data of each hierarchy is combined in such a manner that there is an interval between hierarchies, and an associated index capable of recording an offset is added to a header portion.
The invention also provides a tilt photography model optimization apparatus, the apparatus comprising at least one processor configured to:
constructing a quadtree model based on the ergodic reading oblique photography initial model information;
performing first data compression on the quadtree model and converting the quadtree model into a uniform format;
the vertex position and normal direction information in the triangular network after the uniform format is changed are stored in a halfFloat data type;
searching and predefining triangulation networks with the same geometric type, and loading triangulation network information in a reference mode; and connecting the data of each level in a binary mode to form a binary file.
The oblique photography model optimizing device simplifies the data structure of the oblique photography model, reduces the redundancy of files and the complexity of calculation, adds an integrity check function to the oblique photography model, and ensures the integrity of the model in transmission. Compared with other compression methods, the method greatly reduces the volume of the model and the calculation amount during loading under the condition of small precision loss, so that the oblique photography model can be conveniently loaded and displayed by the mobile terminal equipment and the low-performance equipment.
The present invention also provides a computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the steps implemented by the processor when executing the computer program comprise:
constructing a quadtree model based on the ergodic reading oblique photography initial model information;
performing first data compression on the quadtree model and converting the quadtree model into a uniform format;
the vertex position and normal direction information in the triangular network after the uniform format is changed are stored in a halfFloat data type;
searching and predefining triangulation networks with the same geometric type, and loading triangulation network information in a reference mode;
and connecting the data of each level in a binary mode to form a binary file.
The invention also provides a readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that the computer program, when being executed by a processor, is adapted to carry out the oblique photography model optimization method of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a logic diagram of a method for optimizing a tilted photography model according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a structure of a preferred halfFloat data type in the oblique photography model data of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a logical schematic diagram of a storage method of a tilted photography model after data compression of the tilted photography model according to the present invention.
List of reference numerals
1: a sign bit; 2: an index portion; 3: a mantissa portion; 4: a file header; 5: indexing information; 6: a first level; 7: spacing; 8: a second level; 9: an nth level; 10: compressing the data; 11: SHA1 values.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a method and a device for optimizing a tilted photography model, and also provides a display device of the tilted photography model.
A method of oblique photography model optimization, the method comprising at least:
s1: constructing a quadtree model based on the ergodic reading oblique photography initial model information;
s2: performing first data compression on the quadtree model and converting the quadtree model into a uniform format;
s3: the vertex position and normal direction information in the triangular network after the uniform format is changed are stored in a halfFloat data type;
s4: searching and predefining triangulation networks with the same geometric type, and loading triangulation network information in a reference mode;
s5: and connecting the data of each level in a binary mode to form a binary file.
S6: and performing second data compression on the binary file.
The oblique photography initial model information refers to oblique photography model information that is not optimized.
The triangulation network means: in order to represent the fluctuation and the concave-convex of the surface of the three-dimensional object in the display card calculation, the surface of the three-dimensional object is represented by assembling a plurality of triangles.
The texture file refers to: texture in computer graphics includes both the usual meaningTexture of object surface even if the object surface exhibits unevennessGroove lineAlso included are colored patterns on smooth surfaces of objects that contain not only color but also grooves.
Fig. 1 shows the detailed implementation steps of one preferred embodiment of the oblique photography model optimization method. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the step of constructing the quadtree model based on the ergodically read oblique photography initial model information includes:
s11: and traversing and reading the information of all the blocks of the first level of the initial oblique photography model to construct a quadtree model. After the quad tree model is built, writing the block information of the first level into the child nodes of the root node of the quad tree model.
S12: and circularly reading the information of the next node of the quadtree model from the oblique photography initial model, loading the index information and the relevant model data of the LOD from the PageLod, and constructing a complete oblique photography quadtree model so as to perfect the quadtree model.
For example, a complete quadtree model is preset. The data of the first level generally has only one model, and the second level is divided into four models. And searching the second level and each model data of the second level repeatedly through the PageLod loop, and finally forming a perfect quadtree model.
Preferably, the step of compressing and converting the first data into a uniform format includes:
s13: and acquiring basic body parameters of the quadtree model and storing the basic body parameters in a data type of a halfFloat at the same level to form first data compression and realize the simplified compression of data.
A halfFloat is a data structure. The storage for the fractional numbers in the calculations is: float is typically an integer + dots + six-digit decimal. And halfFloat is an integer + dots + three decimal places. For example 0.100000 becomes 0.100. Although equal, the space required for storage in a computer is not the same.
For example, the basic volume data is stored in the data format of halffoat, which can reduce the volume. For example, if a parameter is originally o.678900, it becomes 0.679 by half float. The data o.100000 becomes o.100, and although the human perception is that o.100000 ═ 0.100, the data is completely stored in the computer. This is also the meaning of the present invention using the halffoat data structure.
S14: the texture file is stretched before the first compression. The stretched texture file is compressed and converted to a unified format dds.
The step of storing the vertex position and normal direction information in the triangular network in a halfFloat data type after the unified format is changed comprises the following steps:
s15: storing vertex position and normal direction information of the triangular net in a halfFloat data type.
The computation of the triangulation vertex position and normal information stored in the triangulation in the oblique photography model is resource consuming and space consuming. In order to reduce the amount of calculation and the occupied space, the vertex positions and normal directions in the oblique photography model are stored using a halfFloat type. The invention changes the storage types of the vertex position and the normal direction to form a halfFloat data structure.
Preferably, the invention reduces the four bytes occupied by the half float into two bytes, thereby meeting the precision of mobile devices or other low-performance devices and saving a great deal of calculation power and space.
S16: and finding the triangulation network with the same geometric structure and predefining, namely extracting the triangulation network with the same geometric type. For multiplexing. Load by reference when exactly equal triangulation structures occur. Preferably, several triangulated meshes of identical structure are sought. For example, if a triangulation network existing in one location is defined as a, two or more triangulation networks identical to each other need to be found, and it is only necessary to write the triangulation network a in the original location. This arrangement enables the previous effect to be characterized with fewer triangle nets.
S17: and circularly processing other levels of the oblique photography initial model according to the steps S13-S16 until all levels are processed.
As shown in fig. 2, the halfFloat data type includes a sign bit 1, an exponent portion 2, and a mantissa portion 3. The sign bit 1 comprises 1 bit. The exponent portion includes 8 bits. The mantissa portion includes 7 bits. .
The oblique photography model optimization method of the present invention further includes:
s18: the data of each hierarchy is combined in such a manner that there is an interval between hierarchies, and an associated index capable of recording an offset is added to a header portion. As shown in fig. 3, the header 4 is adjacent to index information 5, and the index information 5 is adjacent to the first level 6. From the first level to the nth level 9, there is a space 7 between adjacent levels. For example, there is a space 7 between the first level 6 and the second level 7. There is a space 7 between the n-1 th level and the n-th level 9.
S19: the file is compressed a second time using LZMA2 to form a binary compressed file 10. As shown in fig. 3. LZMA2 refers to: an algorithm for performing lossless data compression. The data can be compressed and decompressed, and data information is guaranteed not to be lost in the compression and decompression processes.
S20: the compressed binary file is subjected to SHA1 value calculation. The obtained 20-byte SHA1 value is written into the tail part of the file for model transmission check. The SHA1 value is a check value and is unique. SHA-1 is a cryptographic hash function. SHA-1 may generate a 160-bit (20-byte) hash value, called a message digest, which is typically presented in the form of 40 hexadecimal numbers. The SHA1 value may ensure that the data is unique, and a change of one byte in the data may result in a change of SHA1, as may be used to determine data integrity.
After the oblique photography model optimization method of the present invention optimizes the initial model of oblique photography, the submission amount is reduced to 1/3 relative to the submission amount before the decompression, and the calculation amount is also reduced to 1/3 relative to the calculation amount before the decompression. The method performs data compression on the oblique photography model in a targeted manner, and saves space and computer performance as much as possible under the condition of ensuring that the browsing effect is not influenced. The method can meet the requirements of equipment such as a mobile terminal and the like which are urgently needed to smoothly load and display the oblique photography model.
The present invention can provide a tilt photography model optimization apparatus including at least one processor. The processor is configured to perform the oblique photography model optimization method of the present invention.
The processor can be one or more of a CPU, a server, a cloud server and an application-specific integrated chip, and can also be other devices with computing capability and execution capability.
The invention also provides a computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor. The processor realizes the steps of the oblique photography model optimization method of the present invention when executing the computer program.
The present invention also provides a readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. Which when executed by a processor implements the steps of the oblique photography model optimization method of the present invention.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary, and that those skilled in the art, having benefit of the present disclosure, may devise various arrangements that are within the scope of the present disclosure and that fall within the scope of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present specification and figures are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents. The present description contains several inventive concepts, such as "preferably", "according to a preferred embodiment" or "optionally", each indicating that the respective paragraph discloses a separate concept, the applicant reserves the right to submit divisional applications according to each inventive concept.
Claims (10)
1. A method for optimizing a tilted photography model, the method comprising at least:
constructing a quadtree model based on the ergodic reading oblique photography initial model information;
performing first data compression on the quadtree model and converting the quadtree model into a uniform format;
the vertex position and normal direction information in the triangular network after the uniform format is changed are stored in a halfFloat data type;
searching and predefining triangulation networks with the same geometric type, and loading triangulation network information in a reference mode;
the data of each hierarchy is connected in a binary manner to constitute a binary file.
2. The oblique photography model optimization method of claim 1, the method further comprising:
and performing second data compression on the binary file.
3. The oblique photography model optimization method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the step of constructing a quadtree model based on the ergodic read oblique photography initial model information comprises:
after the quad tree model is built, writing the block information of the first level into the child nodes of the root node of the quad tree model.
4. The oblique photography model optimization method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the step of constructing the quadtree model based on the ergodic read oblique photography initial model information further comprises:
and circularly reading the information of the next node, loading the index information of the LOD and the related model data from the PageLod, and constructing a complete oblique photography quad-tree model.
5. The oblique photography model optimization method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first data compression and conversion step comprises:
acquiring parameters of the basic body of the quadtree model at the same level and storing the parameters in a halfFloat data type, thereby forming first data compression;
and compressing and converting the stretched texture file into a uniform format.
6. The oblique photography model optimization method of claim 5, wherein the texture file is stretched prior to a first data compression.
7. The oblique photography model optimization method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method further comprises:
the data of each hierarchy is combined in such a manner that there is an interval between hierarchies, and an associated index capable of recording an offset is added to a header portion.
8. An oblique photography model optimization apparatus, the apparatus comprising at least one processor configured to:
constructing a quadtree model based on the ergodic reading oblique photography initial model information;
performing first data compression on the quadtree model and converting the quadtree model into a uniform format;
the vertex position and normal direction information in the triangular network after the uniform format is changed are stored in a halfFloat data type;
searching and predefining triangulation networks with the same geometric type, and loading triangulation network information in a reference mode; the data of each hierarchy is connected in a binary manner to constitute a binary file.
9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the steps implemented by the processor when executing the computer program comprise:
constructing a quadtree model based on the ergodic reading oblique photography initial model information;
performing first data compression on the quadtree model and converting the quadtree model into a uniform format;
the vertex position and normal direction information in the triangular network after the uniform format is changed are stored in a halfFloat data type;
searching and predefining triangulation networks with the same geometric type, and loading triangulation network information in a reference mode;
the data of each hierarchy is connected in a binary manner to constitute a binary file.
10. A readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| CN115409906A (en) * | 2022-11-02 | 2022-11-29 | 中国测绘科学研究院 | Large-scale oblique photography model lightweight method and device |
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