CN114019306B - Fault positioning method and system for low-voltage fault override trip of distribution transformer - Google Patents
Fault positioning method and system for low-voltage fault override trip of distribution transformer Download PDFInfo
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- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
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- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fault positioning method and a system for low-voltage fault override trip of a distribution transformer, wherein the method comprises the following steps: constructing basic data of a power distribution network; collecting fault data; performing fault impedance rough calculation based on the power distribution network basic data and fault data to obtain a minimum impedance difference sequence; removing false fault points based on the minimum impedance difference value sequence, the fault data and the power distribution network basic data to obtain accurate fault points; through the electric fault quantity of the transformer substation end and the combination of fault data, the fault transformer of main line tripping caused by the short circuit of the low-voltage side of the distribution transformer in the distribution network can be relatively and accurately positioned, so that the fault point can be quickly and accurately found, the fault troubleshooting difficulty and cost can be reduced, the fault troubleshooting efficiency can be improved, the fault time and the economic loss caused by the fault time can be reduced, and the power supply safety, reliability and timeliness can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of relay protection of power systems, in particular to a fault positioning method and system for low-voltage fault override trip of a distribution transformer.
Background
After the distribution line fault trips, besides the main line fault, the low-voltage side fault may cause the out-of-order tripping condition of the main line switch trip due to the reasons of the protection of the low-voltage side switch of the transformer area, the improper configuration of the transformer drop insurance and the like. At present, the fault positioning method for the fault distribution transformer is not more and the means is not strong because of the influence of factors such as low fault data acquisition coverage of the high and low voltage sides of the distribution transformer.
At present, the following methods and defects exist for positioning the faults of the distribution transformer caused by tripping due to the faults of the low-voltage side of the distribution transformer:
1. The fault repairing telephone is used for fault distribution and transformation positioning and has the following defects: 1) The hidden faults are not easy to draw attention of users in the area; 2) The drop insurance of the transformer area can not be fused and dropped, and is not easy to observe;
2. the manual fault inspection method is used for positioning the low-voltage faults of the distribution network, and has the following defects: 1) The fault distribution transformer patrol lacks effective guiding indexes, and the patrol workload is large;
3. The fault indicator method is used for positioning the low-voltage faults of the distribution transformer, and has the following defects: 1) The fault indicator can only locate the fault section, and cannot effectively determine the accurate position of the fault point; 2) The fault positioning accuracy depends on the installation density and maintenance quality of the fault indicator, and the requirement of the distribution network line maintenance is difficult to meet; 3) The fault indicator has larger total investment, higher running maintenance and upgrading cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the existing distribution transformer fault positioning method is difficult to observe, the manual inspection workload is large, the investment cost of a fault indicator is large and the like.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
The scheme provides a fault positioning method for low-voltage fault override trip of a distribution transformer, which comprises the following steps:
constructing basic data of a power distribution network;
Collecting fault data, the fault data comprising: fault current, fault impedance, and fault indicator action signals;
Performing fault impedance rough calculation based on the power distribution network basic data and fault data to obtain a minimum impedance difference sequence;
and removing the pseudo fault point based on the minimum impedance difference value sequence, the fault data and the power distribution network basic data to obtain an accurate fault point.
The working principle of the scheme is as follows: the traditional distribution transformer low-voltage fault positioning method mainly comprises a fault repairing telephone method, a manual fault inspection method and a fault indicator method, but the methods consume a large amount of manpower and material resources, the positioning is easy to make mistakes, the reliability is low, the efficiency is low, and the fault positioning method and the system for the distribution transformer low-voltage fault override trip are applicable to the 3-66 kV distribution network, and can accurately position fault distribution changes when a main line trips due to faults on the low-voltage side of the distribution transformer; through the electric fault quantity of the transformer substation end and the combination of fault data, the fault transformer of main line tripping caused by the short circuit of the low-voltage side of the distribution transformer in the distribution network can be relatively and accurately positioned, so that the fault point can be quickly and accurately found, the fault troubleshooting difficulty and cost can be reduced, the fault troubleshooting efficiency can be improved, the fault time and the economic loss caused by the fault time can be reduced, and the power supply safety, reliability and timeliness can be improved.
The further optimization scheme is that the distribution network basic data comprises: basic parameters of a distribution network and topological structure coordinates of a distribution transformer;
The basic parameters of the power distribution network comprise: bus voltage, line load, main transformer load, system impedance value of bus, and equivalent electric distance coordinate value of low-voltage side of each distribution transformer from bus; the bus is connected with the distribution line.
The further optimization scheme is that the calculation method of the equivalent electric distance coordinate value of the low-voltage side of each distribution transformer from the bus is as follows:
And calculating the impedance value of a path from the origin to the high-voltage side of the distribution transformer according to the topological structure of the distribution line by taking the bus as the origin, and calculating the low-voltage side electric position coordinates of each electric transformer by combining the inherent parameters of the distribution transformer.
According to the further optimization scheme, distribution transformer topological structure coordinates are constructed according to the pole number, the branch boxes and the ring main unit connection topological structure and based on the fractal self-similarity principle.
The further optimization scheme is that the distribution transformer topological structure coordinate construction method specifically comprises the following steps:
Determining a main line path according to the pole number of the electric pole, the connection topological structure of the branch box and the ring main unit, and numbering the main line path sequentially;
each level of branch line takes a T node of a bus or the branch line of the previous level as a starting point, and serial numbering is carried out according to a main line path numbering principle;
The positions of each distribution transformer are separated by decimal points, and the topological structure coordinates of the distribution transformer are formed according to the sequence from the numbers of the main line T nodes to the numbers of the branch line T nodes of each stage to the numbers of the high-voltage sides of the distribution transformers. Determining a main line path and sequentially numbering, wherein each stage of branch lines takes a T contact point of each stage of branch line as a starting point, and sequentially numbering is performed according to a main line path numbering principle until the numbering is completed. Each distribution transformer position is separated by decimal points, and topological structure coordinates, such as 32.H2.7 (the position of the 7-number electric pole of the T-junction of the 2-number ring main unit representing the T-junction of the 32-number electric pole of the distribution transformer connected to the main line) are formed according to the numbers from the T node of the main line to the T contact of each stage until the distribution transformer high-voltage side is numbered, and the like).
The further optimization scheme is that the fault impedance rough calculation comprises the following steps:
Step one: calculating a system no-load voltage approach value U before the fault according to the bus voltage before the fault, the line load, the main transformer load and the system impedance value of the bus; and the approach value of the no-load voltage before the bus fault is adopted for calculation, so that the problem of unstable calculation of the fault loop impedance caused by unstable transient voltage when the bus is short-circuited is avoided.
Step two: calculating the impedance value of a fault loop based on the system no-load voltage approach value U and the fault current;
Step three: judging whether the impedance of the fault loop is out of limit, if so, sending low-voltage fault override information of the distribution transformer and entering a step four;
Step four: subtracting the impedance value from the system impedance value of the bus to the fault point by the impedance value of the fault loop;
Step five: and carrying out minimum difference matching on the impedance value from the bus to the fault point and the equivalent electric distance coordinate value of the low-voltage side of each distribution transformer from the bus to obtain a minimum impedance difference sequence.
The further optimization scheme is that the accurate fault point acquisition method comprises the following steps:
Obtaining a fault distribution transformer number and a fault distribution transformer path of the minimum impedance difference sequence based on the minimum impedance difference sequence and the distribution transformer topological structure coordinates;
And removing the pseudo-fault distribution transformer and the pseudo-path according to the fault indicator action signals to obtain accurate fault points and paths thereof. And determining a fault main path according to the fault indicator and the branch switch fault current value sequence installed on the branch line during trip time, removing other pseudo fault branches, and finally obtaining the unique coordinates and the distribution transformer number of the fault positioning distribution transformer, namely an accurate fault point.
Based on the fault positioning method for the low-voltage fault override trip of the distribution transformer, the scheme also provides a low-voltage fault of the distribution transformer, which comprises the following steps: the system comprises a foundation construction module, an acquisition module, a calculation module and a screening module;
the foundation construction module is used for constructing basic data of the power distribution network;
The acquisition module is used for acquiring fault data;
The calculation module performs fault impedance rough calculation based on the power distribution network basic data and fault data to obtain a minimum impedance difference sequence;
and the screening module is used for removing the pseudo fault point based on the minimum impedance difference value sequence, the fault data and the power distribution network basic data to obtain an accurate fault point.
In a further optimization scheme, the basic construction module comprises: the system comprises a power distribution network basic parameter calculation unit and a distribution transformer topological structure coordinate construction unit;
The power distribution network basic parameter calculation unit calculates bus voltage, line load, main transformer load, system impedance value of the bus and equivalent electric distance coordinate value of the low-voltage side of each distribution transformer from the bus; the bus is connected with the distribution line;
the distribution transformer topological structure coordinate construction unit takes a bus as an origin, calculates an impedance value of a path from the origin to a high-voltage side of the distribution transformer according to a distribution line topological structure, and calculates low-voltage side electric position coordinates of each electric transformer by combining inherent parameters of the distribution transformer.
According to a further optimization scheme, the acquisition module comprises fault indicators, and the fault indicators are arranged on each branch line of the power distribution network.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
According to the fault positioning method and system for the low-voltage fault override trip of the distribution transformer, provided by the invention, the fault transformer of the main line trip caused by the short circuit of the low-voltage side of the distribution transformer in the distribution network is relatively accurately positioned by combining the electric fault quantity of the transformer substation end with fault data, so that the fault point can be quickly and accurately found, the fault troubleshooting difficulty and cost are reduced, the fault troubleshooting efficiency is improved, the fault time and the economic loss caused by the fault time are reduced, and the power supply safety, reliability and timeliness are improved; the fault positioning system for low-voltage fault override tripping of the distribution transformer only needs to combine a small number of branch switches and fault indicators, and only needs to install one fault indicator, so that the fault transformer for main line tripping caused by short circuit of the low-voltage side of the distribution transformer in the distribution network can be positioned relatively accurately, and the intensive configuration and investment scale of the fault indicators or distribution automation secondary equipment are greatly reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the examples will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some examples of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that other related drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a fault locating method for low voltage fault override tripping of a distribution transformer;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the fault localization principle of low voltage fault override trip of the distribution transformer;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the calculation of the approach value of the system no-load voltage;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of example 3.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the descriptions thereof are for illustrating the present invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
At present, the following methods and defects exist for positioning the faults of the distribution transformer caused by tripping due to the faults of the low-voltage side of the distribution transformer: the fault repairing telephone method is used for fault distribution transformer positioning and has the following defects: 1) The hidden faults are not easy to draw attention of users in the area; 2) The drop insurance of the transformer area can not be fused and dropped, and is not easy to observe; the manual fault inspection method is used for positioning the low-voltage faults of the distribution network, and has the following defects: 1) The fault distribution transformer patrol lacks effective guiding indexes, and the patrol workload is large; the fault indicator method is used for positioning the low-voltage faults of the distribution transformer, and has the following defects: 1) The fault indicator can only locate the fault section, and cannot effectively determine the accurate position of the fault point; 2) The fault positioning accuracy depends on the installation density and maintenance quality of the fault indicator, and the requirement of the distribution network line maintenance is difficult to meet; 3) The fault indicator has larger total investment, higher running maintenance and upgrading cost. In view of this, the following embodiments solve the above-described problems.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a fault positioning method for low-voltage fault override trip of a distribution transformer, including the steps of:
constructing basic data of a power distribution network;
collecting fault data; the fault data includes: fault current, fault impedance fault and indicator action signals;
Performing fault impedance rough calculation based on the power distribution network basic data and fault data to obtain a minimum impedance difference sequence;
and removing the pseudo fault point based on the minimum impedance difference value sequence, the fault data and the power distribution network basic data to obtain an accurate fault point.
The distribution network basic data comprises: basic parameters of a distribution network and topological structure coordinates of a distribution transformer;
The basic parameters of the power distribution network comprise: bus voltage, line load, main transformer load, system impedance value of bus, and equivalent electric distance coordinate value Zt (Rt, xt) of low-voltage side of each distribution transformer from bus (wherein Zt represents impedance, rt represents resistance value, xt represents reactance value); the bus is connected with the distribution line.
The calculation method of the equivalent electric distance coordinate value of the low-voltage side of each distribution transformer from the bus is as follows:
And calculating the impedance value of a path from the origin to the high-voltage side of the distribution transformer according to the topological structure of the distribution line by taking the bus as the origin, and calculating the low-voltage side electric position coordinate Zt= (Rt, xt) of each electric transformer by combining the inherent parameters of the distribution transformer.
And constructing topological structure coordinates of the distribution transformer according to the pole number of the electric pole, the connection topological structure of the branch box and the ring main unit and the fractal self-similarity principle.
The construction method of the topological structure coordinates of the distribution transformer specifically comprises the following steps:
Determining a main line path according to the pole number of the electric pole, the connection topological structure of the branch box and the ring main unit, and numbering the main line path sequentially;
each level of branch line takes a T node of a bus or the branch line of the previous level as a starting point, and serial numbering is carried out according to a main line path numbering principle;
The positions of each distribution transformer are separated by decimal points, and the topological structure coordinates of the distribution transformer are formed according to the sequence from the numbers of the main line T nodes to the numbers of the branch line T nodes of each stage to the numbers of the high-voltage sides of the distribution transformers.
The fault impedance rough calculation includes the steps of:
Step one: calculating a system no-load voltage approach value U before the fault according to the bus voltage before the fault, the line load current, the main transformer load and the system impedance value of the bus; the system no-load voltage approach value calculation principle is shown in figures 2 and 3,
Wherein,Rs+ jXs is the system impedance for the pre-fault bus voltage; /(I)A load current value before failure;
after obtaining After that, according to/>Value, find fault impedance/>The value, after subtracting the system impedance rs+ jXs, yields the Zdt value.
Step two: calculating an impedance value Zdt (Rd, xd) of the fault loop based on the system no-load voltage approach value U and the fault current;
Step three: judging whether the impedance of the fault loop is out of limit, if so, sending low-voltage fault override information of the distribution transformer and entering a step four;
Step four: subtracting the impedance value from the system impedance value of the bus to the fault point by the impedance value of the fault loop;
Step five: and carrying out minimum difference matching on the impedance value from the bus to the fault point and the equivalent electric distance coordinate value of the low-voltage side of each distribution transformer from the bus to obtain a minimum impedance difference sequence.
The accurate fault point acquisition method comprises the following steps:
Obtaining a fault distribution transformer number and a fault distribution transformer path of the minimum impedance difference sequence based on the minimum impedance difference sequence and the distribution transformer topological structure coordinates;
and removing the pseudo-fault distribution transformer and the pseudo-path according to the fault indicator action signals to obtain accurate fault points and paths thereof.
Example 2
A fault location system for low voltage fault override trip of a distribution transformer, comprising: the system comprises a foundation construction module, an acquisition module, a calculation module and a screening module;
the foundation construction module is used for constructing basic data of the power distribution network;
The acquisition module is used for acquiring fault data;
The calculation module performs fault impedance rough calculation based on the power distribution network basic data and fault data to obtain a minimum impedance difference sequence;
and the screening module is used for removing the pseudo fault point based on the minimum impedance difference value sequence, the fault data and the power distribution network basic data to obtain an accurate fault point.
The foundation construction module comprises: the system comprises a power distribution network basic parameter calculation unit and a distribution transformer topological structure coordinate construction unit;
The power distribution network basic parameter calculation unit calculates bus voltage, line load, main transformer load, system impedance value of the bus and equivalent electric distance coordinate value of the low-voltage side of each distribution transformer from the bus; the bus is connected with the distribution line;
the distribution transformer topological structure coordinate construction unit takes a bus as an origin, calculates an impedance value of a path from the origin to a high-voltage side of the distribution transformer according to a distribution line topological structure, and calculates low-voltage side electric position coordinates of each electric transformer by combining inherent parameters of the distribution transformer.
The acquisition module comprises fault indicators, and the fault indicators are arranged on each branch line of the power distribution network.
The fault data are acquired by a terminal acquisition device and transmitted to an industrial personal computer in a transformer substation connected with the distribution line; after preprocessing the data, the station-side industrial personal computer sends related information to the cloud computing platform; and the cloud computing platform distributes fault positioning related information to related personnel after computing the result. Only one fault indicator needs to be installed, so that the intensive configuration and investment scale of the fault indicator or power distribution automation secondary equipment are greatly reduced.
The fault positioning system for low-voltage fault override trip of the distribution transformer consists of a distribution remote unit and a monitoring center, wherein the distribution remote unit and the monitoring center can adopt various communication modes such as SMS, GPRS, 5G, optical fiber, microwave and the like. The distribution remote unit consists of a fault indicator and a communication host. The monitoring center is composed of various devices such as a router, a communication switch, a server, a client and the like, and can support connection with other operation management systems. The distribution network low-voltage fault override positioning system can effectively judge the most probable fault distribution transformer, and the line fault inspection workload and cost of the mileage are reduced by not less than 80% in years; greatly reducing the fault power failure time, increasing the sales power, improving the user satisfaction and improving the economic benefit and social image of a power supply enterprise; the intensive configuration and investment scale of fault indicators or power distribution automation secondary equipment is greatly reduced.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 4, the minimum impedance difference sequence obtained by performing fault impedance rough calculation with the bus as the origin is represented by an arc, 5 possible fault positions exist in the minimum impedance difference sequence, the distribution transformers on both sides of the line where the corresponding possible fault positions are suspicious fault distribution transformers, and the actual fault point is the second possible fault position in the clockwise direction of the arc by combining with the action fault indicator, so that a path from the bus to the actual fault point is obtained.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that implementing all or part of the above facts and methods may be accomplished by a program to instruct related hardware, the program involved or the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, the program when executed comprising the steps of: the corresponding method steps are introduced at this time, and the storage medium may be a ROM/RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or the like.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The fault positioning method for the low-voltage fault override trip of the distribution transformer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
constructing basic data of a power distribution network;
The distribution network basic data comprises: bus voltage, line load current, main transformer load, system impedance value of the bus and equivalent electric distance coordinate value of the low-voltage side of each distribution transformer from the bus; the bus is connected with the distribution line;
collecting fault data, the fault data comprising: fault current, fault indicator action signal and fault impedance;
Performing fault impedance rough calculation based on the power distribution network basic data and fault data to obtain a minimum impedance difference sequence;
the fault impedance rough calculation includes the steps of:
step one: calculating a system no-load voltage approach value U before the fault according to the bus voltage before the fault, the line load current, the main transformer load and the system impedance value of the bus;
step two: calculating the impedance value of a fault loop based on the system no-load voltage approach value U and the fault current;
Step three: judging whether the impedance of the fault loop is out of limit, if so, sending low-voltage fault override information of the distribution transformer and entering a step four;
Step four: subtracting the impedance value from the system impedance value of the bus to the fault point by the impedance value of the fault loop;
Step five: based on the impedance value from the bus to the fault point, carrying out minimum difference matching with the equivalent electrical distance coordinate value of the low-voltage side of each distribution transformer from the bus to obtain a minimum impedance difference sequence;
and removing the pseudo fault point based on the minimum impedance difference value sequence, the fault data and the power distribution network basic data to obtain an accurate fault point.
2. The fault locating method for low-voltage fault override trip of distribution transformer according to claim 1, wherein the calculating method of equivalent electric distance coordinate value of low-voltage side of each distribution transformer from bus is as follows:
And calculating the impedance value of a path from the origin to the high-voltage side of the distribution transformer according to the topological structure of the distribution line by taking the bus as the origin, and calculating the low-voltage side electric position coordinates of each electric transformer by combining the inherent parameters of the distribution transformer.
3. The fault location method for low-voltage fault override trip of distribution transformer according to claim 1, wherein the distribution transformer topological structure coordinates are constructed according to the fractal self-similarity principle according to the pole number, the branch box and the ring main unit connection topological structure.
4. A fault location method for low voltage fault override trip of distribution transformer according to claim 3, wherein the distribution transformer topology coordinate construction method specifically comprises:
Determining a main line path according to the pole number of the electric pole, the connection topological structure of the branch box and the ring main unit, and numbering the main line path sequentially;
each level of branch line takes a T node of a bus or the branch line of the previous level as a starting point, and serial numbering is carried out according to a main line path numbering principle;
The positions of each distribution transformer are separated by decimal points, and the topological structure coordinates of the distribution transformer are formed according to the sequence from the numbers of the main line T nodes to the numbers of the branch line T nodes of each stage to the numbers of the high-voltage sides of the distribution transformers.
5. The fault location method for low-voltage fault override trip of distribution transformer according to claim 1, wherein the accurate fault point obtaining method is as follows:
Obtaining a fault distribution transformer number and a fault distribution transformer path of the minimum impedance difference sequence based on the minimum impedance difference sequence and the distribution transformer topological structure coordinates;
and removing the pseudo-fault distribution transformer and the pseudo-path according to the fault indicator action signals to obtain accurate fault points and paths thereof.
6. A fault locating system for low-voltage fault override trip of a distribution transformer, characterized in that it is obtained based on the fault locating method for low-voltage fault override trip of a distribution transformer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a foundation construction module, an acquisition module, a calculation module and a screening module;
the foundation construction module is used for constructing basic data of the power distribution network;
The acquisition module is used for acquiring fault data;
The calculation module performs fault impedance rough calculation based on the power distribution network basic data and fault data to obtain a minimum impedance difference sequence;
and the screening module is used for removing the pseudo fault point based on the minimum impedance difference value sequence, the fault data and the power distribution network basic data to obtain an accurate fault point.
7. The fault location system for low voltage fault override tripping of a distribution transformer of claim 6, wherein said base building block comprises: the system comprises a power distribution network basic parameter calculation unit and a distribution transformer topological structure coordinate construction unit;
The power distribution network basic parameter calculation unit calculates bus voltage, line load, main transformer load, system impedance value of the bus and equivalent electric distance coordinate value of the low-voltage side of each distribution transformer from the bus; the bus is connected with the distribution line;
the distribution transformer topological structure coordinate construction unit takes a bus as an origin, calculates an impedance value of a path from the origin to a high-voltage side of the distribution transformer according to a distribution line topological structure, and calculates low-voltage side electric position coordinates of each electric transformer by combining inherent parameters of the distribution transformer.
8. The fault location system for low voltage fault override tripping of a distribution transformer of claim 7, wherein said acquisition module comprises a fault indicator provided on each branch of the distribution network.
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