CN114019134A - Combined type shield tunnel wall back grouting simulation device and test method - Google Patents
Combined type shield tunnel wall back grouting simulation device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114019134A CN114019134A CN202110965403.XA CN202110965403A CN114019134A CN 114019134 A CN114019134 A CN 114019134A CN 202110965403 A CN202110965403 A CN 202110965403A CN 114019134 A CN114019134 A CN 114019134A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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Abstract
The invention provides a combined shield tunnel backfill grouting simulation device and an experimental method, and the combined shield tunnel backfill grouting simulation device comprises a simulation shield extraction device, a simulation shield body, a simulation duct piece positioning device and a detachable box body, wherein the simulation shield extraction device is detachably arranged on the front side of the box body, the simulation duct piece positioning device is correspondingly arranged on the rear side of the box body, through holes are correspondingly arranged on the front side and the rear side of the box body, the simulation duct piece is arranged in the box body, one end of the simulation duct piece penetrates through the through hole on the rear side of the box body and is fixed through the simulation duct piece positioning device, and the simulation shield body is sleeved outside the simulation duct piece and is in driving connection through the simulation shield extraction device after one end of the simulation duct piece penetrates through the through hole on the front side of the box body. The modularized device with strong expansibility and the test method are adopted, the requirements of different working conditions can be met only by replacing part of components, and the modularized device is green and environment-friendly and can greatly reduce the preparation time and investment of the test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of shield tunnel wall post-grouting, and particularly relates to a combined shield tunnel wall post-grouting simulation device and a test method.
Background
The shield tunnel has the advantages of small influence on the environment, good stratum adaptability, high mechanization degree, high construction speed and the like, and is widely applied to the construction of underground projects such as urban subways and water delivery tunnels. The shield tunnel wall post-grouting has the effects of controlling stratum deformation, ensuring uniform stress of the duct piece and the like, but the phenomena of tunnel floating, duct piece damage, bolt shearing and the like are also often caused in the wall post-grouting construction. In order to achieve the expected grouting effect, the backfill grouting model test has important significance for deeply researching the diffusion mechanism of grout and providing reasonable backfill grouting construction control parameters.
The integral model test can analyze the diffusion characteristic, grouting effect, segment stress and stratum deformation of the grouting slurry by simulating the shield tunnel construction process, and has the characteristics of visual effect and strong persuasion. Because components such as prefabricated soil box size, section of jurisdiction diameter can not change at present, so need make multiunit device when the tunnel operating mode of simulation different length and diameter, cost a large amount of manpower and materials.
Based on the situation, the invention focuses on the whole, adopts a modularized device with strong expansibility and a test method, can meet the requirements of different working conditions by only replacing part of components, is green and environment-friendly, and can greatly reduce the preparation time and investment of the test.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the existing components such as the size of a prefabricated soil box, the diameter of a segment and the like cannot be changed, and provides a combined shield tunnel wall post-grouting simulation device and a test method.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the utility model provides a modular shield tunnel slip casting analogue means after-wall, constructs draw-out device, the simulation shield body, simulation section of jurisdiction positioner and detachable box including the simulation, the setting can be dismantled to the simulation shield draw-out device is in the front side of box, simulation section of jurisdiction positioner corresponds the setting and is in the rear side of box, the front side and the rear side correspondence of box are provided with the through-hole, it is fixed through simulation section of jurisdiction positioner after the setting of simulation section of jurisdiction is in the box and one end is worn out to establish box rear side through-hole, the simulation shield body cover is established the simulation section of jurisdiction is outer and one end is worn out to establish and is connected through simulation shield draw-out device drive after the box front side through-hole.
Based on the above, the box body comprises a bottom plate, a front plate, side plates and a rear plate, wherein the bottom of the front plate is fixedly arranged on the bottom plate, the rear plate is detachably connected with the bottom plate through bolts, the left side and the right side of the box body are respectively provided with at least two side plates, and the side plates are detachably connected with the bottom plate, the side plates and the front plate or the rear plate through bolts; be provided with the front bezel on the front bezel and test the replacement board, box front side through-hole sets up on the front bezel experiment replacement board, it tests the replacement board to correspond to be provided with the back plate on the back plate, and box rear side through-hole sets up on the back plate experiment replacement board.
Based on the above, the front plate, the rear plate and the side plates respectively comprise a frame and a soil blocking plate, and the soil blocking plate is arranged on the frame; the soil blocking plate, the front plate replacing plate and the rear plate replacing plate are respectively made of toughened glass.
Based on the above, the tops of the two adjacent side plates are connected through the bolt through the straight-line-shaped connecting piece, and the side plates are connected with the top of the front plate or the side edges of the side plates and the top of the rear plate through the bolt through the L-shaped connecting piece.
On the basis, a plurality of rows of fixing holes are formed in the bottom plate corresponding to the rear plate.
Based on the above, simulation shield constructs draw-out device includes first fixed beam, electric putter, first gag lever post and first spacing bolt, first fixed beam passes through the bolt can dismantle the setting on the front bezel, and a plurality of electric putter correspond the front side through-hole and pass through the setting of fixed backing plate on first fixed beam, and the pinhole has been seted up to electric putter's free flexible end, and first gag lever post one end is provided with the elbow, and first gag lever post other end round pin is inserted in the pinhole, is provided with the screw hole on the first gag lever post, and first spacing bolt sets up in the screw hole.
Based on the above, the simulation shield body is including simulation shield shell, slip casting pipe, first spacing hole and sponge, and a plurality of slip casting pipes all establish on simulation shield shell inner wall along the axial, and every interval is a fixed distance on the simulation shield shell and is set up a set of first spacing hole, still the ring is equipped with many circles on the inner wall of simulation shield shell the sponge.
Based on the above, the simulation section of jurisdiction includes the transparent pipe body, be equipped with a plurality of recesses with the coaxial heart ring of body on the transparent pipe body inner wall, the one end of transparent pipe body still is provided with the spacing hole of second.
Based on the above, simulation section of jurisdiction positioner includes the fixed roof beam of second and second gag lever post, the fixed roof beam of second passes through the bolt can dismantle the setting on the back plate, the second gag lever post is the L type, and a plurality of second gag lever posts correspond the rear side through-hole and pass through fixed backing plate setting on the fixed roof beam of second.
A simulation test method for grouting behind a combined shield tunnel wall comprises the following steps:
s1, assembling the model box body;
s2, ramming soil in the box body layer by layer to the bottom elevation of the simulation shield shell;
s3, mounting a simulated shield body, wherein sponges are arranged in the circumferential direction, the first ring simulates a shield tail brush, the rest sponges are used for fixing pipe pieces, grouting pipes are uniformly welded on the inner side of the shield shell, four-hole grouting of the simulated shield machine is performed, and the shield shell is connected with a shield body extraction device on the outer side of a front plate;
s4, mounting a simulation segment strain gauge, mounting circumferential and longitudinal strain gauges, and analyzing stress and deformation of the simulation segment;
s5, simulating the installation of the duct piece, wherein a groove is formed in the duct piece to simulate the reduction effect of a seam on the longitudinal rigidity; after the sensor is installed, the simulation duct piece is connected with the rear plate through the simulation duct piece positioning device, and a gap between the simulation duct piece and the rear plate is filled with sealant so as to prevent slurry leakage during grouting;
s6, tamping soil body in layers to the design test elevation, and mounting a soil pressure box and a seepage meter at the longitudinal middle position of the duct piece in the layering tamping process;
s7, grouting behind the wall, connecting a grouting pipe with grouting equipment, starting the grouting equipment, simultaneously starting an electric push rod, and monitoring and recording data of a strain gauge, a soil pressure cell and a seepage meter in real time; when the stroke of the electric push rod is finished, stopping grouting, removing the limiting rod, returning the electric push rod to the initial position, inserting the limiting rod into the limiting hole of the simulation shield body again, and then starting the electric push rod and grouting equipment again; circulating according to the above steps until grouting is finished;
s8, removing and cleaning the simulation shield body, completely drawing out the simulation shield body, and cleaning residual slurry and soil on the simulation shield body;
s9, simulating removal of soil above the elevation of the bottom of the segment, removing the soil in the soil box, recording filling and diffusion conditions of slurry in the soil, and meanwhile, regularly accommodating the embedded sensors;
s10, removing and cleaning the simulation duct piece, removing the simulation duct piece, cleaning residual slurry outside the simulation duct piece, and ensuring the reusability of the simulation duct piece;
s11, removing soil below the elevation of the bottom of the simulated duct piece;
and S12, disassembling and cleaning the model box, and finishing the test.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. wide application range and strong expansibility. The invention can simulate shield tunnels with different diameters and mountain tunnels only by replacing the experimental replacement plates with openings with different diameters, and can flexibly change the length of the model box according to different experimental contents.
2. The test investment is small, and the preparation time is short. Due to the fact that the modularization idea is adopted, only one test bench is needed, the requirements of most shield tunnel synchronous grouting tests can be met by replacing different modules, the investment of environmental protection is small, and the test preparation time can be greatly shortened.
3. Easy to process, assemble and clean. The front plate, the side plate and the rear plate are made of toughened glass with the same thickness, the frame is made of rectangular steel pipes with the same type, most bolts are made of uniform specification, processing and assembling are convenient, and the device is easy to clean after the test is finished due to detachable design.
4. The test effect is visual and convincing. The invention belongs to an integral model test method, and can analyze the diffusion characteristic, grouting effect, segment stress and stratum deformation of grouting slurry behind a wall, and has strong persuasion. And the transparent toughened glass plate and the organic glass duct piece are adopted, so that the synchronous grouting process can be directly observed, and the effect is visual.
5. The simulation effect is good, and the real grouting process is met. The invention adopts the shield shell, the duct piece, the grouting pipe, the sponge and other devices to simulate the main components of the shield machine, adopts the shield body extraction device to simulate the shield tail gap generated in the tunneling process, and accords with the grouting process in the tunneling process of the real shield machine.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front side structural schematic view of the box body of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a rear side structural view of the case of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a front side structural view of the front plate and the bottom plate of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a rear side structural view of the front plate and the bottom plate of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a front side structural view of the side panel of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a rear side structural view of the side panel of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a front side structural view of the rear plate of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a rear side structural view of the rear plate of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulated shield extraction device of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the simulation shield of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a simulated duct piece according to the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of a simulated segment positioning device of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a schematic view of the construction of the in-line connector and L-shaped connector of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a flow chart of an experiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a front plate; 2. a side plate; 3. a back plate; 4. simulating a shield extraction device; 5. simulating a shield body; 6, a bottom plate; 7. a simulated segment positioning device; 8. simulating a segment; 9. a straight connecting piece; an L-shaped connector; 11. a soil body;
1-1, top beam; 1-2. reinforcing beam; 1-3. bottom beam; 1-4, front side through holes; 1-5, replacing the front plate with a replacement plate; 1-6, connecting bolts of the front plate; 1-7, fixing holes of the shield shell extracting device; 1-8, a soil guard plate;
2-1, putting the side plate on the beam; 2-2, erecting a side plate; 2-3, reinforcing the beam by a side plate; 2-4, connecting bolts of the side plates; 2-5 side plate bottom beams; 2-6, connecting the side plate with the wing plate; 2-7, fixing bolts on the side plates; 2-8, positioning bolts of side plates; 2-9, connecting holes; 2-10, side board retaining board;
3-1, fixing a bolt on a bottom plate; 3-2, fixing wing plates on the bottom plate; 3-3, replacing the back plate with a replacement plate;
4-1. a first fixed beam; 4-2, installing a positioning bolt; 4-3, electric push rod; 4-4, fixing the base plate; 4-5, a first limiting rod; 4-6, a limit bolt;
5-1, simulating a shield shell; 5-2, grouting pipe; 5-3, a first limiting hole; 5-4. sponge;
6-1, rear plate fixing holes; 6-2, clamping plate; 6-3, side plate fixing holes; 6-4, positioning holes of the side plates; 6-5, a guide rail;
7-1. a second limiting rod; 7-2. a second fixed beam;
8-1, a pipe body; 8-2, a second limiting hole; 8-3, groove.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
As shown in fig. 1-13, the simulation device mainly includes a front plate 1, a side plate 2, a rear plate 3, a simulation shield extraction device 4, a simulation shield body 5, a bottom plate 6, a simulation segment positioning device 7, and a simulation segment 8.
Wherein the front plate 1 and the bottom plate 6 are welded into a whole through the bottom beams 1-3, and the guide rails 6-5 are also welded on the bottom plate 6; m20 high strength hexagon bolt cooperates with side plate positioning hole 6-4 on guide rail 6-5 and side plate fixing hole 6-3 on splint 6-2 to connect side plate 2 with bottom plate 6. The side plates 2 are connected with the front plate 1 through front plate connecting bolts 1-6 and an L-shaped connecting piece 10. The side plates are connected by side plate connecting bolts 2-4 and a straight connecting piece 9. The connection mode of the back plate 3 and the side plate 2 is similar to that of the front plate 1 and the side plate 2, and the back plate 3 and the bottom plate 6 are connected with a back plate fixing hole 6-1 through a bottom plate fixing bolt 3-1. In addition, at least two rows of rear plate fixing holes 6-1 are formed in the bottom plate 3, and tunnels with different longitudinal lengths can be simulated by increasing or decreasing the side plates 2 and moving the rear plate 3 to different positions.
The four side plates 3 are identical in consideration of convenience in processing and assembly. The front plate 1 and the rear plate 3 are consistent except that through holes on the front plate experiment replacement plate 1-5 and the rear plate experiment replacement plate 3-3 are different in size, and the rear plate 3 is additionally provided with a bottom plate fixing wing plate 3-2 at the bottom beam 1-3.
The front plate replacement plate 1-5, the rear plate replacement plate 3-3 and the soil retaining plate 1-8 are all made of toughened glass and are integrally formed with the top beam 1-1, the bottom beam 1-3 and the reinforcing beam 1-2 in a sticking mode. The side board retaining boards 2-10 of the side board 2 also adopt the same material and similar connection modes. The purpose of adopting the toughened glass in a large area is to facilitate the observation of the test process. In order to improve the reusability of the model box, the tunnels with different diameters can be simulated only by replacing the front plate replacement testing plates 1-5 and the rear plate replacement testing plates 3-3 with different through hole diameters, and the replacement plates with different through hole diameters can also be used for simulating mountain tunnels. Meanwhile, in order to improve the universality of the device, the simulation shield extraction device 4, the simulation shield body 5, the simulation segment positioning device 7 and the simulation segment 8 are all designed to be detachable.
The simulated shield extraction device 4 comprises a first fixed beam 4-1, a device positioning bolt 4-2, an electric push rod 4-3, a fixed base plate 4-4, a first limiting rod 4-5 and a limiting bolt 4-6. The first fixed beam 4-1 connects the device on the front plate 1; the first limiting rod 4-5 is provided with an elbow, the lower part of the first limiting rod is provided with a limiting bolt 4-6, when the device is used, the limiting bolt 4-6 is opened, the first limiting rod 4-5 is inserted into the first limiting hole 5-3, and then the limiting bolt 4-6 is screwed on the first limiting rod 4-5 to prevent the first limiting rod 4-5 from being separated from the first limiting hole 5-3, so that the stability of the process of extracting the simulation shield body 5 can be ensured, and the device is convenient to disassemble. In the test process, the first limit rod 4-5 is inserted into the first limit hole 5-3 on the simulation shield shell 5-1, and the simulation shield body 5 can be drawn out when the electric push rod 4-3 advances.
The simulation shield body 5 is used for simulating a shield machine and mainly comprises a simulation shield shell 5-1, a grouting pipe 5-2, a first limiting hole 5-3 and a sponge 5-4. In order to ensure the rigidity, a steel plate with the thickness of 4mm is adopted for the simulation shield shell 5-1; the grouting pipes 5-2 are uniformly arranged inside the simulation shield shell 5-1 in a welding mode and are used for simulating four-hole synchronous grouting of the shield; the distance between the first limiting holes 5-3 in each row is 500mm, and the first limiting holes are matched with the stroke (500mm) of the electric push rod 4-3; the simulation shield shell 5-1 is internally provided with a plurality of sponges 5-4 with the thickness of 15mm and the width of 35mm, when the simulation shield shell 5-1 is used, the simulation shield shell 5-1 is sleeved outside the simulation duct piece 8, the simulation duct piece 8 can be fixed, and the first sponge close to the rear plate 3 can also simulate a shield tail sealing brush.
Considering the convenience of processing, except that the electric push rod 4-3 is replaced by a second limiting rod 7-1 of the simulation segment, the simulation segment positioning device 7 is consistent with the simulation shield extraction device 4 in structure. The second limiting rod 7-1 is an L-shaped steel bar, when in use, the second fixing beam 7-2 is fixed on the rear plate 3, the second limiting rod 7-1 is inserted into the second limiting hole 8-2, and finally the second limiting rod 7-1 is fixed on the second fixing beam 7-2. The simulation pipe sheet 8 can be prevented from moving in the process of extracting the simulation shield body 5 by the simulation shield extracting device 4.
The simulation segment 8 is transparent organic glass, and the diffusion process of the slurry can be observed from the segment. A plurality of grooves 8-3 are carved on the inner side of the simulation tube piece for simulating the phenomenon of reduction of longitudinal rigidity caused by tube piece seams, and a second limiting hole 8-2 of the simulation tube piece is arranged on the outer side of the back plate 3 for reducing the influence on the test.
The combined type shield tunnel backfill grouting simulation device and the test method can be used for simulating the shield tunnel backfill grouting process. The model similarity ratio is 1: 20, simulating a segment 8 with the diameter of 303mm, the outer radius of 151.5mm and the inner radius of 132.5mm, and simulating a segment with the actual diameter of 6.3 m. The shield tail clearance is 150 mm/20-7.5 mm, and the excavated radius is 165 mm. As shown in fig. 14, the following are the main experimental steps:
and S1, assembling the mold box. The prefabricated front plate, the prefabricated rear plate, the prefabricated bottom plate and the prefabricated two rows of side plates are assembled into a model box, and then the simulation shield extraction device and the simulation segment positioning device are respectively arranged on the front plate and the rear plate.
S2, ramming the soil body to the bottom elevation of the simulated shield shell layer by layer.
And S3, simulating shield installation. The shield shell is a steel plate (external diameter 165mm, internal diameter 161mm) with the thickness of 4mm, four limiting holes are arranged on the shield shell every 500mm, and sponge and grouting pipes are arranged in the shield shell. The sponge is arranged the multichannel along the hoop, pastes at the shield shell inboard, and thick 15mm, wide 35mm (external diameter 161, internal diameter 146mm), the first way is used for simulating the shield tail brush, and all the other sponges are then used for fixed section of jurisdiction. The grouting pipes are four steel pipes with the diameter of 7.5mm, are uniformly welded on the inner side of the shield shell and simulate four-hole grouting of a shield machine. The shield shell is connected with the shield body extracting device at the outer side of the front plate. The section of jurisdiction needs the cover to be established in the shield shell, section of jurisdiction external diameter 303mm, shield shell internal diameter 161mm, external diameter and internal diameter refer to the radius here, the inside diameter of shield shell is 322mm promptly, the shield shell cover is established after the simulation section of jurisdiction is outside, and there is 322 and give first place to the surplus of 19mm with one's worth 303, this is abundant mainly used for installing slip casting pipe 7.5 and 15mm with 2, sponge thickness is 15mm, 3.5cm wide, 15 promptly 15 and 30mm >19mm with one's worth, the section of jurisdiction extrudes the sponge during installation, the effect of fixed section of jurisdiction is played to the sponge after the extrusion, play the shutoff effect simultaneously, prevent the slurry cross flow between soil layer and the section of jurisdiction, the effect of shield tail brush promptly.
And S4, mounting the simulated segment strain gauge. And installing the circumferential and longitudinal strain gauges for analyzing the stress and deformation of the simulation segment, and arranging the strain gauges at the longitudinal middle position of the simulation segment as much as possible to avoid the influence of the boundary effect.
And S5, simulating the installation of the pipe piece. The length of the pipe piece is 1200mm, the length of the 20-ring pipe piece is simulated, and the cutting effect of the seam on the longitudinal rigidity is simulated by grooving the inner part. After the sensor is installed, the simulation duct piece is connected with the back plate through the positioning device. The gap between the simulation segment and the back plate is filled with sealant, so that slurry leakage during grouting is prevented.
And S6, tamping residual soil. Soil body layering is tamped to design test elevation height, and layering tamps the in-process and installs sensors such as soil pressure cell, seepage gauge in the vertical intermediate position of section of jurisdiction.
And S7, grouting the wall backwards. The 4 grouting pipes on the front plate side are connected with grouting equipment, the grouting equipment is started, the electric push rod is started simultaneously, and sensor data such as strain gauges, soil pressure cells and a seepage meter are monitored and recorded in real time. When the stroke of the electric push rod is finished, grouting is suspended, the limiting rod is detached, the electric push rod is retreated to the initial position, the limiting rod is inserted into the limiting hole again, and then the electric push rod grouting equipment is started again. And circulating the steps until the distance between the shield body and the front plate 1 is 50mm, stopping recording data by the sensor, and finishing grouting.
And S8, simulating shield dismantling and cleaning. And (4) completely drawing out the simulation shield body, and cleaning residual slurry and soil on the simulation shield body.
S9, removing soil above the elevation of the bottom of the simulated duct piece. The soil body in the soil box is removed, the filling and diffusion conditions of the slurry in the soil body are recorded, and the embedded sensors are regularly stored.
And S10, simulating the removal and cleaning of the pipe piece. Demolish the simulation section of jurisdiction, clear up the outside thick liquid that remains of simulation section of jurisdiction simultaneously, guarantee the reuse of simulation section of jurisdiction.
And S11, removing residual soil. And removing the soil below the elevation of the bottom of the simulated duct piece.
And S12, disassembling and cleaning the model box, and finishing the test.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a modular shield tunnel slip casting analogue means behind wall which characterized in that: including simulation shield structure draw-out device (4), the simulation shield body (5), simulation section of jurisdiction (8), simulation section of jurisdiction positioner (7) and detachable box, simulation shield structure draw-out device (4) can be dismantled and set up the front side of box, simulation section of jurisdiction positioner (7) correspond the setting and are in the rear side of box, the front side and the rear side correspondence of box are provided with the through-hole, it is fixed through simulation section of jurisdiction positioner (7) after box rear side through-hole is worn out to produce in simulation section of jurisdiction (8) setting in the box and one end, simulation shield body (5) cover is established simulation section of jurisdiction (8) outer and one end is worn out to produce behind the box front side through-hole through simulation shield structure draw-out device (4) drive connection.
2. The combined type shield tunnel backfill grouting simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the box body comprises a bottom plate (6), a front plate (1), side plates (2) and a rear plate (3), wherein the bottom of the front plate (1) is fixedly arranged on the bottom plate (6), the rear plate (3) is detachably connected with the bottom plate (6) through bolts, the left side and the right side of the box body are respectively provided with at least two side plates (2), and the side plates (2) are detachably connected with the bottom plate (6), the side plates (2) are connected with the side plates (2) and the side plates (2) are detachably connected with the front plate (1) or the rear plate (3) through bolts; the front plate replacing plate (1-5) is arranged on the front plate (1), the box body front side through hole is formed in the front plate replacing plate (1-5), the rear plate replacing plate (3-3) is correspondingly arranged on the rear plate (3), and the box body rear side through hole is formed in the rear plate replacing plate (3-3).
3. The combined type shield tunnel backfill grouting simulation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the front plate (1), the rear plate (3) and the side plates (2) respectively comprise a frame and a soil retaining plate, and the soil retaining plate is arranged on the frame; the soil retaining plate, the front plate replacement plate (1-5) and the rear plate replacement plate (3-3) are respectively made of toughened glass.
4. The combined type shield tunnel backfill grouting simulation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the tops of two adjacent side plates (2) are connected through bolts through a straight-line-shaped connecting piece (9), and the side plates (2) are connected with the top of the front plate (1) or the side edges of the side plates and the top of the rear plate (3) through bolts through L-shaped connecting pieces (10).
5. The combined type shield tunnel backfill grouting simulation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the bottom plate (6) is provided with a plurality of rows of fixing holes (6-1) corresponding to the rear plate (3).
6. The combined type shield tunnel backfill grouting simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the simulation shield extracting device (4) comprises a first fixed beam (4-1), electric push rods (4-3), a first limiting rod (4-5) and a first limiting bolt (4-6), wherein the first fixed beam (4-1) is detachably arranged on the front plate (1) through a bolt, a plurality of electric push rods (4-3) corresponding to front side through holes are arranged on the first fixed beam (4-1) through fixed base plates (4-4), pin holes are formed in free telescopic ends of the electric push rods (4-3), one end of the first limiting rod (4-5) is provided with an elbow, the other end of the first limiting rod (4-5) is inserted into the pin holes in a pin mode, a threaded hole is formed in the first limiting rod (4-5), and the first limiting bolt (4-6) is arranged in the threaded hole.
7. The combined type shield tunnel backfill grouting simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the simulation shield body (5) is including simulation shield shell (5-1), slip casting pipe (5-2), first spacing hole (5-3) and sponge (5-4), and is a plurality of slip casting pipe (5-2) all establish on simulation shield shell (5-1) inner wall along the axial, and every interval sets up a set ofly on simulation shield shell (5-1) first spacing hole (5-3), still the ring is equipped with many circles on the inner wall of simulation shield shell (5-1) sponge (5-4).
8. The combined type shield tunnel backfill grouting simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the simulation duct piece (8) comprises a transparent pipe body (8-1), a plurality of grooves (8-3) are formed in the inner wall of the transparent pipe body (8-1) in a coaxial ring mode with the pipe body (8-1), and a second limiting hole (8-2) is further formed in one end of the transparent pipe body (8-1).
9. The combined type shield tunnel backfill grouting simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the simulated duct piece positioning device (7) comprises a second fixing beam (7-2) and a second limiting rod (7-1), the second fixing beam (7-2) is detachably arranged on the rear plate (3) through a bolt, the second limiting rod (7-1) is L-shaped, and a plurality of second limiting rods (7-1) are arranged on the second fixing beam (7-2) through fixing base plates (4-4) corresponding to rear side through holes.
10. A simulation test method for grouting behind a combined shield tunnel wall is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, assembling the model box body;
s2, ramming the soil body (11) in the box body layer by layer to the bottom elevation of the simulation shield shell (5-1);
s3, mounting a simulated shield body (5), arranging sponges (5-4) in an annular direction, simulating a shield tail brush in a first ring, using the rest sponges (5-4) to fix pipe pieces, uniformly welding grouting pipes (5-2) on the inner side of a shield shell, simulating four-hole grouting of a shield machine, and connecting the shield shell with a shield body extraction device on the outer side of a front plate (1);
s4, mounting a simulation segment (8) strain gauge, and mounting circumferential and longitudinal strain gauges for analyzing the stress and deformation of the simulation segment (8);
s5, mounting a simulated duct piece (8), and forming a groove (8-3) in the duct piece to simulate the reduction effect of a seam on the longitudinal rigidity; after the sensor is installed, the simulation pipe piece (8) is connected with the rear plate (3) through the simulation pipe piece positioning device (7), and a gap between the simulation pipe piece (8) and the rear plate (3) is filled with sealant to prevent slurry leakage during grouting;
s6, ramming a soil body (11) to a design test elevation in a layering mode, and mounting a soil pressure box and a seepage meter at the longitudinal middle position of a pipe piece in the layering ramming process;
s7, grouting behind the wall, connecting a grouting pipe (5-2) with grouting equipment, starting the grouting equipment, simultaneously starting an electric push rod (4-3), and monitoring and recording data of a strain gauge, a soil pressure cell and a galvanometer in real time; when the stroke of the electric push rod (4-3) is finished, grouting is suspended, the limiting rod is removed, the electric push rod (4-3) is retreated to the initial position, the limiting rod is inserted into the limiting hole of the simulation shield body (5) again, and then the electric push rod (4-3) and grouting equipment are started again; circulating according to the above steps until grouting is finished;
s8, removing and cleaning the simulation shield body (5), completely drawing out the simulation shield body (5), and cleaning residual slurry and soil (11) on the simulation shield body (5);
s9, soil (11) above the bottom elevation of the simulated duct piece (8) is removed, the soil (11) in the soil box is removed, the filling and diffusion conditions of slurry in the soil (11) are recorded, and meanwhile, the embedded sensors are stored regularly;
s10, removing and cleaning the simulation duct piece (8), removing the simulation duct piece (8), cleaning residual slurry outside the simulation duct piece (8) and ensuring the reusability of the simulation duct piece (8);
s11, removing the soil (11) below the bottom elevation of the simulated duct piece (8);
and S12, disassembling and cleaning the model box, and finishing the test.
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