CN114018982A - Visual monitoring method for ash deposition of air preheater - Google Patents
Visual monitoring method for ash deposition of air preheater Download PDFInfo
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- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 24
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- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bisulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].OS([O-])(=O)=O BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract
The application provides a visual monitoring method for dust deposition of an air preheater, which comprises the following steps: step S1: two infrared detection imaging devices are respectively arranged at the cold and hot ends of the primary air side of the air preheater; step S2: performing median filtering pretreatment on the running state image of the air preheater; step S3: segmenting the abnormal area of the preprocessed running state image of the air preheater to enable the abnormal area to be a characteristic abnormal area; step S4: establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system XOZ plane; step S5: and equally dividing a plurality of concentric arcs on the running state image of the air preheater according to the proportional relation between the fixed position reference window of the infrared detection imaging device and the fan-shaped area, and determining the coordinates of the characteristic abnormal area based on the proportional relation between the infrared image and the real running of the air preheater. The acquired infrared image is analyzed through median filtering preprocessing and an improved region growing algorithm, the real-time dust deposition condition of the air preheater can be obtained through analyzing the acquired infrared image, and the dust deposition monitoring accuracy of the air preheater is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of monitoring of air pre-heaters, in particular to a visual monitoring method for dust deposition of an air pre-heater.
Background
The air preheater is a heat exchange device for heating air by utilizing the heat of boiler exhaust smoke, can effectively reduce the temperature of the boiler exhaust smoke and improve the boiler efficiency. At present, rotary air preheaters are widely adopted in various power stations, dust accumulation is easy to occur in the air preheaters, and particularly, along with the improvement and completion of denitration systems of various plants in recent years, the problem is further aggravated by ammonium bisulfate generated in the denitration process, so that the safe and economic operation of a unit is threatened. At present, a direct monitoring means for the dust deposition state of the air preheater is lacked, the side surface of the pressure difference of the inlet and the outlet of the air preheater is often reflected, but the pressure difference is greatly influenced by the flow of the flue gas, and when a unit operates under a variable working condition, the pressure difference greatly fluctuates, so that the change of the dust deposition degree of the air preheater cannot be shown.
Once the air preheater is subjected to dust accumulation, the local temperature is abnormal, and at the moment, it is very important to provide real-time monitoring of the overall temperature distribution condition of the air preheater through the thermal infrared imager.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the main purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that the change of the dust deposition degree of the air preheater cannot be accurately judged due to the large fluctuation of the pressure difference when the unit operates under the variable working conditions.
The invention provides a visual monitoring method for ash deposition of an air preheater, which comprises the following steps: step S1: two infrared detection imaging devices are respectively installed at the cold and hot ends of the primary air side of the air preheater, wherein the observation area of each infrared detection imaging device is the area of a fan-shaped area of the primary air side of the air preheater; step S2: responding to an air preheater running state image captured by an infrared detection imaging device, and performing median filtering pretreatment on the air preheater running state image to obtain a pretreated air preheater running state image; step S3: determining the abnormal area of the preprocessed running state image of the air pre-heater based on an improved region growing algorithm, and segmenting the abnormal area of the preprocessed running state image of the air pre-heater to obtain a characteristic abnormal region, wherein the characteristic abnormal region is an air pre-heater dust deposition region with local temperature abnormality; step S4: establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system XOZ plane, wherein the X axis is the direction of the central line of a fan-shaped area of a primary air bin, the Z axis is the direction of the central rotating shaft of the air preheater, the original point is the middle point of the central rotating shaft of the air preheater, and the reference point is the installation position of the infrared detection imaging device; step S5: and equally dividing a plurality of concentric arcs on the running state image of the air preheater according to the proportional relation between the fixed position reference window of the infrared detection imaging device and the fan-shaped area, and determining the coordinates of the characteristic abnormal area based on the proportional relation between the infrared image and the real running of the air preheater.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the determining the abnormal area of the preprocessed running state image of the air preheater based on the improved region growing algorithm includes: traversing all the regions of the preprocessed running state image of the air preheater according to an NxN sliding matrix, calculating the mean value of all pixels in the sliding matrix, and selecting the central point of the region with the largest mean value as a seed point, wherein the expression for calculating the mean value of all pixels in the sliding matrix is as follows:
wherein f (i, j) is the average value of the matrix with (i, j) as the middle pixel point, f (x, y) is the pixel in the matrix, N is the size of the sliding matrix, and (i, j) is the coordinate of the middle pixel point in the pixel coordinate system; starting region growth based on the determined seed point, and judging whether the absolute value of the difference value between the pixel value of a certain pixel point in the growth region and the pixel value T of the grown region is smaller than a first preset threshold value K or not; if the absolute value of the difference value between the pixel value of a certain pixel point in the growing region and the pixel value T of the growing region is smaller than a preset threshold value K, continuing to grow, otherwise, stopping growing; when the pixel point grows to the edge of the image, judging whether the pixel gradient amplitude of a certain pixel point at the edge of the image is larger than a second preset threshold value or not; and if the pixel gradient amplitude of the pixel point at the edge of the image is greater than a second preset threshold, the pixel point at the edge of a certain image is an edge point.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S1, the infrared detection imaging apparatus includes an intermediate sleeve, one end of the intermediate sleeve passes through a fixed sleeve to be detachably connected to an end of the fixed sleeve, and the other end of the intermediate sleeve is detachably mounted with an angle bracket through a bolt, wherein a first cavity is disposed inside the angle bracket, and the first cavity is communicated with the inside of the fixed sleeve; the sensor is detachably mounted on the angle support, a cooling jacket is sleeved on the outer wall of the sensor and clamped on the angle support, a second cavity is arranged inside the cooling jacket, an open slot is formed in the end part, far away from the angle support, of the cooling jacket, and the open slot is communicated with the first cavity through the second cavity; and the infrared lens is fixedly arranged on the cooling jacket and is positioned between the open slot and the sensor, so that the air flow in the open slot can sweep the infrared lens.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S1, the infrared detection imaging apparatus further includes a protective head cover covering the cooling jacket, and the protective head cover is detachably connected to the middle sleeve.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S1, the infrared detection imaging device further includes a sensor lead connected to the sensor, and an end of the sensor lead away from the sensor passes through a lead sleeve disposed in the middle sleeve.
The invention provides a visual monitoring method for dust deposition of an air preheater, which adopts four infrared detection imaging devices which are respectively arranged at the cold and hot ends of the primary air side of the air preheater, and two infrared detection imaging devices are arranged at each end of the primary air side of the air preheater. Image data monitored by the thermal infrared imager in real time is transmitted to the computer through the RJ45 twisted pair, the obtained infrared image is analyzed on the computer by applying median filtering preprocessing and an improved area growing algorithm, the obtained infrared image is analyzed, the real-time dust deposition condition of the air preheater can be obtained, the accuracy of dust deposition monitoring of the air preheater is effectively improved, and a guarantee is provided for stable operation of the air preheater.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a visual monitoring method for ash deposition of an air preheater according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic layout view of a thermal infrared imager in a visual monitoring method for dust deposition of an air preheater according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a growth criterion of a visual monitoring method for ash deposition of an air preheater according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of positioning a soot deposition area of a visualized monitoring method for soot deposition of an air preheater according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic overall view of an infrared detection imaging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a portion of an infrared detection imaging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of an infrared detection imaging device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein the figures include the following reference numerals:
1. an angle bracket; 101. a first cavity; 2. a protective head cover; 3. a sensor; 4. fixing the sleeve; 5. a wire guide sleeve; 6. a sensor lead; 7. an intermediate sleeve; 8. a cooling jacket; 801. a second cavity; 802. an open slot; 9. an infrared lens.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant invention and not restrictive of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the related invention are shown in the drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a flowchart of a visual monitoring method for ash deposition of an air preheater according to the present application is shown.
As shown in fig. 1, in step S1, two infrared detection imaging devices are respectively installed at the cold and hot ends of the primary air side of the air preheater, wherein the observation area of the infrared detection imaging devices is the area of the sector area of the primary air side of the air preheater;
in step S2: responding to an air preheater running state image captured by an infrared detection imaging device, and performing median filtering pretreatment on the air preheater running state image to obtain a pretreated air preheater running state image;
in step S3: determining the abnormal area of the preprocessed running state image of the air pre-heater based on an improved region growing algorithm, and segmenting the abnormal area of the preprocessed running state image of the air pre-heater to obtain a characteristic abnormal region, wherein the characteristic abnormal region is an air pre-heater dust deposition region with local temperature abnormality;
in step S4: establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system XOZ plane, wherein the X axis is the direction of the central line of a fan-shaped area of a primary air bin, the Z axis is the direction of the central rotating shaft of the air preheater, the original point is the middle point of the central rotating shaft of the air preheater, and the reference point is the installation position of the infrared detection imaging device;
in step S5: and equally dividing a plurality of concentric arcs on the running state image of the air preheater according to the proportional relation between the fixed position reference window of the infrared detection imaging device and the fan-shaped area, and determining the coordinates of the characteristic abnormal area based on the proportional relation between the infrared image and the real running of the air preheater.
In the method of the embodiment, after the seed points are automatically selected, the obtained running state image of the air preheater is segmented, so that the real-time dust deposition condition of the air preheater can be obtained in the characteristic abnormal area, the accuracy of dust deposition monitoring of the air preheater is effectively improved, the stable running of the air preheater is guaranteed, the radial distance and the axial distance between the dust deposition part and the midpoint of the air preheater are considered, the three-dimensional coordinate is simplified into the two-dimensional coordinate, and the coordinate of the dust deposition area is determined by utilizing the proportional relation between the infrared image and the real running of the air preheater.
In a specific embodiment, the application provides a visual monitoring method for ash deposition of an air preheater, which includes the following steps:
step 1: two infrared detection imaging devices are respectively installed at the cold and hot two ends of the primary air side of the air preheater, and the installation position can be determined according to the field angle, the focal length and the object distance of the thermal imager. The area of a sector area on the primary air side of the air preheater is an area to be observed by the thermal infrared imager, i.e., the installation position of the thermal infrared imager needs to ensure that the observed area meets the requirements (as shown in fig. 2).
Step 2: the infrared detection imaging device captures the running state of the air preheater in real time, transmits a shot infrared image to a computer through an RJ45 twisted pair, and processes the input infrared image on the computer by using an image processing algorithm, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: performing median filtering pretreatment on an input infrared image, performing statistical sorting on a rectangular window, and taking the median of gray values of neighborhood pixels in the window to replace the pixel value of the center point of the window, namely:
wherein, mean is a median filter function,
for the median filter function, g (S, t) is the pixel value at the (S, t) location, SxyIs the center point at (x, y);
for a rectangular graphic window S with the size of m multiplied by nxyAnd (4) sequencing the pixel points in the middle, and replacing the pixel value of the central point (x, y) with the gray value of the median pixel point.
Step 2.2: through an image segmentation algorithm based on the region, the region with abnormal characteristics in the infrared image is the region reflecting the ash deposition of the air preheater, because the temperature distribution of the normal operation of the air preheater is continuous, once the ash deposition occurs, the local temperature is abnormal, and the region can be segmented by utilizing the characteristic of abnormal temperature.
Step 2.3: when the algorithm is executed, firstly, a pixel point is selected from a region to be grown as a growing seed point, then the region around the seed point is grown according to a predefined growing standard, some characteristics of adjacent pixels are compared with the seed pixel, if the growing condition is met, the adjacent pixels are merged into the region where the seed pixel is located, a new pixel point is used as the seed point to continue growing, the process is repeatedly executed, the growing is stopped until no new pixel point meets the condition, and a growing region is formed (as shown in fig. 3).
When a plurality of abnormal regions exist, only one pixel point is added to the region to be grown to serve as a growth seed point. And traversing all the interested areas by using an NxN sliding matrix, calculating the mean value of all pixels in the sliding matrix, and selecting the central point of the area with the maximum mean value as a seed point to realize the automatic selection of the seed point. The area pixel mean is calculated as:
wherein f (i, j) is the average value of the matrix with (i, j) as the middle pixel point, f (x, y) is the pixel in the matrix, N is the size of the sliding matrix, and (i, j) is the coordinate of the middle pixel point in the pixel coordinate system;
and when the seed point is determined, starting the region growth, and determining the region growth condition. If the image interesting region is R and the number of pixel points is n, the calculation formula of the gray level mean value m is as follows:
comparing a pixel point f (m, n) to be judged in the region of interest with a pixel mean value T of a grown region, if the absolute value of a pixel difference value is smaller than a threshold value K, satisfying a growth condition, taking f (m, n) as a new seed point to continue growing, otherwise, stopping growing:
when the seed point grows to the edge, the gray value of the edge is changed greatly, and if the seed point continues to grow according to the growing condition, over-segmentation or wrong segmentation can be caused. To avoid this, the present application employs a gradient-based edge detection operator to detect edges. The gradient amplitude of the pixel at the edge is large because the change of the edge gray value is large, and if the gradient amplitude is larger than a preset threshold value, the point is determined as an edge point. Wherein, the gradient of the pixel points in the image is:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,f is a pixel point in the infrared image,
is the directional derivative in the x-direction of the pixel point,
and i and j are unit vectors in x and y directions respectively.
The magnitude of the gradient is defined as M (x, y), i.e.:
the edge point determination condition is: i M0(x，y)-M(x，y)|≤K0
In the formula, M0(x, y) is the gradient magnitude of the current seed point, M (x, y) is the gradient magnitude of the previous seed point, K0Is a threshold value.
After the target area is determined according to the image segmentation algorithm, the accurate position of the target area is determined by utilizing the soot area positioning algorithm (as shown in fig. 4).
And step 3: the method comprises the steps that a radial and axial two-dimensional coordinate system XOZ plane is established by using the midpoint of a central rotating shaft of an air preheater as an origin in an abnormal area segmented from an infrared image, the radial direction is the X-axis direction, the axial direction is the Z-axis direction, and the central line of a fan-shaped area of a primary air bin is set as the X-axis.
And 4, step 4: and equally dividing a plurality of concentric arcs on the infrared image according to the proportional relation between the fixed position reference window of the thermal infrared imager and the fan-shaped area. The division of the concentric arc lines and the determination of the X and Z axes ensure that the dust deposition area can only measure the coordinates of the XZ two directions of the central rotating shaft, and the three-dimensional space coordinate is converted into the two-dimensional plane coordinate by utilizing the self-rotation characteristic of the air preheater during operation.
And 5: and determining the coordinates of the dust deposition area by utilizing the proportional relation between the infrared image and the real operation of the air preheater.
Referring to fig. 5-7, it shows an infrared detection imaging apparatus provided in the present application, including: one end of the middle sleeve 7 penetrates through the fixed sleeve 4 to be detachably connected with the end part of the fixed sleeve 4, the other end of the middle sleeve 7 is detachably provided with the angle support 1 through a bolt, a first cavity 101 is arranged inside the angle support 1, and the first cavity 7 is communicated with the inside of the fixed sleeve 4; the sensor 3 is detachably mounted on the angle support 1, a cooling jacket 8 is sleeved on the outer wall of the sensor 3, the cooling jacket 8 is clamped on the angle support 1, a second cavity 801 is arranged inside the cooling jacket 8, an open slot 802 is arranged at the end part of one side, far away from the angle support 1, of the cooling jacket 8, and the open slot 802 is communicated with the first cavity 101 through the second cavity 801; and an infrared lens 9 fixedly installed on the cooling jacket 8, wherein the infrared lens 9 is positioned between the open groove 802 and the sensor 3, so that the infrared lens 9 can be blown by the air flow in the open groove 802.
Use the technical scheme of this embodiment, through sensor 3 fixed mounting on angle support 1 for can reduce the perpendicular contained angle of sensor 3 and air preheater wall, easy to assemble, and set up middle sleeve pipe 7 in fixed sleeve 4 through the rotating, can adjust sensor 3's visual scope. And the outer side of the sensor 3 is sleeved with a cooling jacket 8, and a second cavity 801 in the cooling jacket 8 is communicated with the first cavity 101 in the angle bracket 1, so that air flow can flow through the second cavity 801, and the purpose of cooling the sensor 3 is achieved.
Wherein, through infrared lens 9 of fixed mounting on cooling jacket 8 for sensor 3 can see through infrared lens 9 direct measurement external temperature and thoroughly isolated with outside air, and infrared lens 9 is located between open slot 802 and sensor 3, and open slot 802 is extended by cooling jacket 8 and comes, and the cooling air current flows out from open slot 802 and finally flows to the outside, and the air current in open slot 802 can not stop blowing infrared lens 9, avoids the deposition, realizes the automatically cleaning.
In some alternative embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a protective hood 2 fitted over the cooling jacket 8, the protective hood 2 being removably connected to the intermediate sleeve 7. Through setting up protection hood 2, can avoid the direct impact sensor 3 of heat current, reduce heat transfer rate.
In some alternative embodiments, the device further comprises a sensor lead 6 connected to the sensor 3, the end of the sensor lead 6 remote from the sensor 3 being passed through a wire guide sleeve 5 arranged in an intermediate sleeve 7.
What has been described above are merely some embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept thereof, and these changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The visual monitoring method for the ash deposition of the air preheater is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1: two infrared detection imaging devices are respectively installed at the cold and hot ends of the primary air side of the air preheater, wherein the observation area of each infrared detection imaging device is the area of a fan-shaped area of the primary air side of the air preheater;
step S2: responding to an air preheater running state image captured by an infrared detection imaging device, and performing median filtering pretreatment on the air preheater running state image to obtain a pretreated air preheater running state image;
step S3: determining the abnormal area of the preprocessed running state image of the air pre-heater based on an improved region growing algorithm, and segmenting the abnormal area of the preprocessed running state image of the air pre-heater to obtain a characteristic abnormal region, wherein the characteristic abnormal region is an air pre-heater dust deposition region with local temperature abnormality;
step S4: establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system XOZ plane, wherein the X axis is the direction of the central line of a fan-shaped area of a primary air bin, the Z axis is the direction of the central rotating shaft of the air preheater, the original point is the middle point of the central rotating shaft of the air preheater, and the reference point is the installation position of the infrared detection imaging device;
step S5: and equally dividing a plurality of concentric arcs on the running state image of the air preheater according to the proportional relation between the fixed position reference window of the infrared detection imaging device and the fan-shaped area, and determining the coordinates of the characteristic abnormal area based on the proportional relation between the infrared image and the real running of the air preheater.
2. The visual monitoring method for the ash deposition of the air preheater according to claim 1, wherein the determining the abnormal area of the preprocessed running state image of the air preheater based on the improved region growing algorithm comprises:
traversing all the regions of the preprocessed running state image of the air preheater according to an NxN sliding matrix, calculating the mean value of all pixels in the sliding matrix, and selecting the central point of the region with the largest mean value as a seed point, wherein the expression for calculating the mean value of all pixels in the sliding matrix is as follows:
wherein f (i, j) is the average value of the matrix with (i, j) as the middle pixel point, f (x, y) is the pixel in the matrix, N is the size of the sliding matrix, and (i, j) is the coordinate of the middle pixel point in the pixel coordinate system;
starting region growth based on the determined seed point, and judging whether the absolute value of the difference value between the pixel value of a certain pixel point in the growth region and the pixel value T of the grown region is smaller than a first preset threshold value K or not;
if the absolute value of the difference value between the pixel value of a certain pixel point in the growing region and the pixel value T of the growing region is smaller than a preset threshold value K, continuing to grow, otherwise, stopping growing;
when the pixel point grows to the edge of the image, judging whether the pixel gradient amplitude of a certain pixel point at the edge of the image is larger than a second preset threshold value or not;
and if the pixel gradient amplitude of the pixel point at the edge of the image is greater than a second preset threshold, the pixel point at the edge of a certain image is an edge point.
3. The visual monitoring method for the ash deposition of the air preheater according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the infrared detection imaging device comprises an intermediate sleeve (7), one end of the intermediate sleeve (7) passes through a fixed sleeve (4) to be detachably connected with the end of the fixed sleeve (4), and the other end of the intermediate sleeve (7) is detachably mounted with an angle bracket (1) through a bolt, wherein a first cavity (101) is arranged inside the angle bracket (1), and the first cavity (7) is communicated with the inside of the fixed sleeve (4);
the angle bracket comprises a sensor (3) which is detachably mounted on the angle bracket (1), wherein a cooling jacket (8) is sleeved on the outer wall of the sensor (3), the cooling jacket (8) is clamped on the angle bracket (1), a second cavity (801) is arranged inside the cooling jacket (8), an open slot (802) is formed in the end part of one side, away from the angle bracket (1), of the cooling jacket (8), and the open slot (802) is communicated with the first cavity (101) through the second cavity (801); and
an infrared lens (9) fixedly mounted on the cooling jacket (8), wherein the infrared lens (9) is positioned between the open slot (802) and the sensor (3), so that the infrared lens (9) can be swept by the air flow in the open slot (802).
4. The visual monitoring method for ash deposition of air preheater as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, said infrared detection imaging device further comprises a protective hood (2) fitted over said cooling jacket (8), said protective hood (2) being detachably connected to said intermediate sleeve (7).
5. The visual monitoring method for the ash deposition of the air preheater according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the infrared detection imaging device further comprises a sensor lead (6) connected to the sensor (3), and an end of the sensor lead (6) far away from the sensor (3) passes through a wire sleeve (5) arranged in the middle sleeve (7).
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