CN114018764A - Device and method for generating supersaturated steam through phase change of heat escape tiny particulate matters, detection device and application - Google Patents
Device and method for generating supersaturated steam through phase change of heat escape tiny particulate matters, detection device and application Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
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- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 polyoxyethylene, carboxymethyl Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for generating supersaturated steam by phase change of thermal escape tiny particles, detection equipment and application, and aims to solve the technical problem that supersaturated steam which can be used for phase change detection of the thermal escape tiny particles is difficult to obtain conveniently, quickly and at low cost. The invention skillfully solves the problem of inconvenient use of liquid water by using the hydrogel swelling block, thereby conveniently using cheap and easily obtained water as a supersaturated steam generation medium; based on the phase change amplification method, the quantity, the concentration and the escape speed of the heat escape tiny particles in the warning area can be detected by a low-cost method, and further, the occurrence and development conditions of the fire condition in the whole process from invisible pre-burning to open fire burning of the combustible can be predicted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fire fighting and disaster reduction, in particular to a device and a method for generating phase-change supersaturated steam of heat escape tiny particulate matters, detection equipment and application.
Background
At present, the common method for fire early warning and alarming is to install a smoke sensing probe, an infrared imaging temperature measuring instrument and the like, but the detection methods can play a role only when a fire actually happens, and the early warning time which can be won by the detection methods is very limited, so that timely and effective treatment is often difficult to achieve, and the great loss of personnel and property can not be avoided. Generally, the natural development course of fire includes invisible preheating section, visible smoke section, violent open fire section and natural extinguishing section. The stage of fire development can be timely ascertained and determined, and people expect to take targeted countermeasures, especially effective detection and early warning are carried out before visible smoke and open fire of the fire happen to win more front-end precious processing opportunity, so that fire accidents are eliminated in a bud state, and the industrial problem which is desired to be solved and cannot be effectively solved for a long time is solved.
After the combustible is heated, micro particles which are invisible to naked eyes can continuously escape from the surface of the combustible, the escape is more violent when the temperature is higher, and when the temperature of the combustible is close to the open flame combustion state, a large amount of heat escape micro particles can be released; and if the quantity and the escape speed of the thermal escape tiny particles in the unit space can be accurately measured, the fire occurrence and development conditions of the combustible in the whole process from the combustible section to the open fire section can be known in advance.
On the other hand, when fine particles are introduced into the supersaturated vapor due to its instability, the fine particles are condensed into droplets by using the fine particles as condensation nuclei. When the liquid phase components are wrapped on the periphery of the tiny particles, the particle size of the tiny particles forms phase change amplification, so that phase change particles convenient to observe are formed. Therefore, how to rapidly and inexpensively obtain continuous supersaturated vapor medium is the first prerequisite for the observation of thermal runaway minute particulate matter.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for generating phase-change supersaturated steam of thermal escape tiny particles, detection equipment and application, and aims to solve the technical problem that supersaturated steam of the thermal escape tiny particles of combustible materials is difficult to detect at low cost.
Under the current technical conditions, the most common medium for generating supersaturated steam is water which is cheap and easy to obtain, but liquid water has a lot of inconveniences in the aspects of sealing, storing, transporting, using and the like, and the supersaturated steam is difficult to be directly applied to various mobile or portable measuring devices.
The hydrogel is a hydrophilic polymer with a network structure, has hydrophilic groups, can be swelled by water and is insoluble in water, and has a three-dimensional network structure. The hydrogel has extremely high water absorption capacity which can reach hundreds of times or even thousands of times of the self weight, is in a solid gel state after absorbing water, and is stable in state at a certain temperature and pressure.
Placing the solid block swelled by the hydrogel in a closed container, separating out water by adjusting the illumination intensity of the hydrogel, adding the hydrogel to separate out salt, heating or pressurizing, evaporating to form saturated steam, and cooling or depressurizing the closed cavity to generate supersaturated steam after the saturated steam reaches a saturated state; and then the heat escape tiny particles pass through the supersaturated steam, so that liquid drops taking the tiny particles as condensation nuclei are formed in the closed cavity, and the observability of the heat escape tiny particles is improved.
Based on this, design a thermal escape tiny particle phase transition supersaturated steam generating device, include:
the closed container is provided with a hydrogel swelling block adding port/door, a micro particle introducing port and a pressure adjusting interface for adjusting the pressure in the closed container;
and the heating or/and refrigerating piece is arranged in the closed container and used for heating or cooling the medium in the closed container.
The heating or/and refrigerating piece is a semiconductor heating or/and refrigerating plate arranged at the bottom of the closed container.
A method for generating supersaturated steam through phase change of thermal escape tiny particulate matters is designed, and comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the hydrogel in a closed container after the hydrogel absorbs water and swells;
(2) adjusting illumination intensity, adding hydrogel to separate out salt, heating or/and pressurizing to separate out water from the hydrogel, and evaporating to form saturated vapor;
(3) and (3) cooling or/and depressurizing the saturated steam in the closed container to form supersaturated steam.
In the step (1), the hydrogel may be starch-based (graft, carboxymethylation, etc.), cellulose-based (carboxymethylation, graft, etc.), synthetic polymer-based (polyacrylic acid-based, polyvinyl alcohol-based, polyoxyethylene-based, etc.) or the like; polyacrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide and polyvinyl alcohol are common.
Designing a thermal escape fine particulate detection apparatus, comprising:
the closed container is provided with a hydrogel swelling block adding port/door, a micro particle introducing port and a pressure adjusting interface for adjusting the pressure in the closed container;
the heating or/and refrigerating piece is arranged in the closed container and used for realizing the heating or cooling of the medium in the closed container;
and the micro particle counter is used for detecting the number of phase change micro particles in the closed container.
A phase change amplification detection method for thermal escape tiny particles is designed and implemented based on the thermal escape tiny particle detection equipment, and comprises the following steps:
(1) adding the hydrogel swelling block into the closed container from a hydrogel swelling block adding port;
(2) adjusting the illumination intensity of the hydrogel, adding the hydrogel to separate out salt, heating a heating piece or/and pressurizing through the positive and negative pressure adjusting interface, so that the hydrogel separates out water and evaporates to form saturated vapor;
(3) cooling saturated vapor in the closed container through the refrigerating piece, or/and depressurizing the saturated vapor in the closed container to form supersaturated vapor in the closed container;
(4) and introducing a sample to be detected containing the heat escape micro particles into the closed container through the micro particle introducing port to change the phase of the particle size of the heat escape micro particles and amplify the phase, and then measuring the quantity and the concentration of the heat escape micro particles by an air micro particle counter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the main beneficial technical effects that:
1. the invention skillfully utilizes the characteristic of the hydrogel swelling block to solve the problem of inconvenient use of liquid water, thereby conveniently utilizing water which is cheap and easy to obtain as a supersaturated steam generation medium.
2. Based on the phase change amplification method, the quantity and the movement rate of phase change micro particles (liquid drops) can be detected at low cost, namely the quantity, the concentration and the escape speed of heat escape micro particles in a unit space are obtained, and further the occurrence and development conditions of the fire condition in the whole process from invisible pre-burning to open fire burning of combustible materials can be accurately predicted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation principle of the thermal runaway particle detector in the embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a closed container, 2 is a micro particle introducing port, 3 is a hydrogel swelling block adding port, 4 is a high-low temperature plate, 5 is a pressure adjusting interface, and 6 is a laser air micro particle counter.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.
The equipment referred to in the following examples is, unless otherwise specified, conventional commercially available equipment; the detection, measurement, test methods and the like are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Example 1: a thermal escape fine particle detecting apparatus, see fig. 1, comprising:
the device comprises a closed container 1, a water gel swelling block feeding port 3, a micro particle introducing port 2 and a pressure adjusting port 5 for adjusting the pressure in the closed container 1, wherein the closed container 1 is provided with the water gel swelling block feeding port, the micro particle introducing port and the pressure adjusting port;
a high-low temperature plate (such as a semiconductor refrigeration piece, which can refrigerate and heat) 4 arranged at the bottom in the closed container and used for realizing the temperature rise or temperature reduction of the water vapor medium in the closed container;
and the laser air micro-particle counter 6 is used for detecting the number of phase change-micro-particles in the closed container.
A common medium for generating supersaturated steam by the thermal escape small particulate detection equipment is steam, liquid water needs to be filled when the device works, in order to facilitate transportation and field use of the device, a hydrogel (polyacrylamide) swelling block is adopted to store the liquid water, and the swelling block is placed in a closed cavity of the supersaturated steam generation device.
When the use measurement is started, the swelling block is heated (or the water gel is added to separate out salt or pressurize and the like), so that the hydrogel swelling block separates out liquid water, the liquid water is evaporated in the closed cavity to form saturated vapor, and after the liquid water reaches an equilibrium state, the temperature in the closed cavity is reduced or the pressure is reduced to form supersaturated vapor.
Example 2: phase change amplification detection method for thermal escape tiny particulate matters based on detection equipment in embodiment 1
Air in a fire disaster prevention area is sucked, an air sample (containing heat escape tiny particles) is quantitatively injected into a closed container filled with supersaturated steam, the supersaturated steam can form fog drops by taking the heat escape tiny particles as condensation nuclei, the heat escape tiny particles generate phase change amplification, then a laser air tiny particle counter emits laser beams with certain wavelength to pass through the closed container, the laser attenuation rate is in direct proportion to the number or the concentration of the heat escape tiny particles, and the accurate concentration of the heat escape tiny particles in the measured air can be obtained based on the calibrated laser attenuation rate.
A large number of practical researches find that the concentration of the thermal escape tiny particulate matters in the detected environment under the normal condition is taken as a background value, when the measured concentration of the thermal escape tiny particulate matters reaches more than 3 times of the background value, the situation that combustible substances are in a thermal decomposition process in the environment is indicated, and when the concentration is more than 5 times of the background value, the potential open fire is possible to occur; when the concentration is more than 10 times the background value, the combustible is close to the strong decomposition process, indicating that the distance from the violent combustion process is very close.
Based on the concentration or escape speed of the thermal escape tiny particulate matters, an accurate fire early warning model can be established by combining corresponding test data (or a database and the like) (such as a target environment, combustible materials and the like), and a machine learning algorithm and the like are combined to realize more accurate and rapid fire early warning and forecasting.
Application example 1: application verification of cotton warehouse
Due to the characteristics of cotton, the cotton is easy to smolder, the cotton has extremely high fire passing speed, and is also easy to be changed from smolder to violent combustion or even explosion. The stable storage of cotton imposes stringent requirements on the humidity and ventilation conditions of the storage environment.
A safety test area is opened up in a cotton storage area, and the number of background tiny particles in the normal and stable environment is basically 10 ten thousand/cm measured by the detection method of the embodiment 23When the cotton smolders, the number of the thermal escape tiny particles quickly rises to 70 ten thousand/cm3The above; the extremely small amount of cotton which is close to the open fire burning can escape 900 ten thousand per cm3The above quantities.
Application example 2: application verification in a power distribution room
The cable is decomposed from the insulation to the insulation layer material, the passing current, the heat dissipation condition and the accumulated heating time are related.
In a distribution room of a certain plant area, when the cable normally works below the rated current of the cable, the number of background micro particles measured by the method for detecting the thermal escape micro particles described in embodiment 2 is basically 3 ten thousand/cm3The following; after taking safety measures, at an ambient temperature of 25 ℃, for 1.5 mm2The single-core national standard cable can detect the number of the thermal escape micro particles to reach 50 ten thousand/cm when the current is overloaded by 1.2 times3The above; when the current is overloaded by 1.5 times, the cable wire sleeve becomes soft but does not catch fire, and the quantity of heat escape tiny particles can reach 200 ten thousand/cm3The above; when the overcurrent is further increased in the above-described manner,and when the cable insulation begins to turn black, the number of heat escape tiny particles can reach 700 ten thousand/cm3Above level.
The 3 times, 5 times and 10 times of background concentration value of escaping tiny particles are used as general empirical values for judging the fire development degree, and cannot represent all materials and all environments. In the actual implementation process of the fire early warning project, after the detection equipment is installed, the parameters can be readjusted according to the test verification condition on the spot, so that a good use effect is expected.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in the specific parameters and/or equivalent substitutions of related steps and methods may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, so as to form a plurality of specific embodiments, which are common variations of the present invention and will not be described in detail herein.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a little particulate matter phase transition supersaturated steam generating device of thermal escape which characterized in that includes:
the closed container is provided with a hydrogel swelling block adding/opening, a micro particle introducing port and a pressure adjusting interface for adjusting the pressure in the closed container;
and the heating or/and refrigerating piece is arranged in the closed container and used for heating or cooling the medium in the closed container.
2. The phase-change supersaturated steam generator with thermal escape of fine particulate matter as claimed in claim 1, wherein said heating or/and cooling member is a semiconductor heating or/and cooling plate disposed at the bottom of the closed container.
3. A phase-change supersaturated steam generation method for thermal escape tiny particulate matters is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) placing the hydrogel in a closed container after the hydrogel absorbs water and swells;
(2) adjusting illumination intensity, adding hydrogel to separate out salt, heating or/and pressurizing to separate out water from the hydrogel, and evaporating to form saturated vapor;
(3) and (3) cooling or/and depressurizing the saturated steam in the closed container to form supersaturated steam.
4. The phase transition supersaturated steam generation method of thermal escape fine particulate matter as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), said hydrogel is at least one of polyacrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene, carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose graft, starch graft, carboxymethylated starch.
5. A thermal escape fine particle detection device, characterized by comprising the phase change supersaturated vapor generation apparatus for thermal escape fine particles of claim 1, and a fine particle counter for detecting the number of phase change fine particles in the closed container.
6. A phase transition amplification detection method for thermal escape tiny particles, which is implemented based on the detection device for thermal escape tiny particles as claimed in claim 5, comprises the following steps:
(1) adding the hydrogel swelling block into the closed container through a hydrogel swelling block adding port/door;
(2) adjusting the illumination intensity of the hydrogel, adding the hydrogel to separate out salt, heating a heating piece or/and pressurizing through the positive and negative pressure adjusting interface, so that the hydrogel separates out water and evaporates to form saturated vapor;
(3) cooling saturated vapor in the closed container through the refrigerating piece, or/and depressurizing the saturated vapor in the closed container to form supersaturated vapor in the closed container;
(4) and introducing a sample to be detected containing the heat escape micro particles into the closed container through the micro particle introducing port to change the phase of the particle size of the heat escape micro particles and amplify the phase, and then measuring the quantity and the concentration of the heat escape micro particles by an air micro particle counter.
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| CN114034611A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-02-11 | 赫海燕 | Device and method for generating phase-change medium of heat escape micro particulate matters, detection equipment and application |
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| CN114034611A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-02-11 | 赫海燕 | Device and method for generating phase-change medium of heat escape micro particulate matters, detection equipment and application |
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