CN114017943B - Novel heat-driven absorption type ice making unit and method thereof - Google Patents

Novel heat-driven absorption type ice making unit and method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114017943B
CN114017943B CN202111288958.1A CN202111288958A CN114017943B CN 114017943 B CN114017943 B CN 114017943B CN 202111288958 A CN202111288958 A CN 202111288958A CN 114017943 B CN114017943 B CN 114017943B
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absorber
ice making
outlet pipe
pipe
ice
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CN114017943A (en
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曾坤
王德升
熊鑫
祝令辉
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Anhui Pupan Energy Technology Co ltd
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Pupan Energy Technology Research Institute Beijing Co ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B15/00Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
    • F25B15/02Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
    • F25B15/025Liquid transfer means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25CPRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C1/00Producing ice
    • F25C1/04Producing ice by using stationary moulds
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a novel heat-driven absorption type ice making unit and a method thereof, belonging to the technical field of ice making, and comprising a generation absorber, a condenser, a liquid storage tank and an ice making machine, wherein a gaseous refrigerant outlet pipe of the generation absorber is connected to a gaseous refrigerant inlet pipe of the condenser, a liquid refrigerant outlet pipe of the condenser is connected to a liquid refrigerant inlet pipe of the liquid storage tank, a liquid refrigerant outlet pipe of the liquid storage tank is connected to a liquid refrigerant inlet pipe of the ice making machine, a gaseous refrigerant outlet pipe of the ice making machine is connected to a gaseous refrigerant inlet pipe of the generation absorber, and a working medium solution outlet pipe of the generation absorber is connected to a working medium solution inlet pipe of the generation absorber through a spray pump. The invention improves the traditional absorption type ice making process, reduces the number of devices in the unit, and the working medium solution circulates in two states of dissolution and precipitation in the running process of the unit, thereby utilizing the absorption characteristic of the working medium solution to the maximum extent and leading the unit to have lower ice making temperature.

Description

Novel heat-driven absorption type ice making unit and method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of absorption refrigeration, and particularly relates to a novel heat-driven absorption type ice making unit and a method thereof.
Background
The existing ice making machine adopts two forms of screw compression type ice making and heat drive absorption type ice making. The screw compression type ice making technology is mature, belongs to high-power consumption equipment, has very important energy-saving requirements in the operation process, and requires a unit to automatically adjust the operation state according to the change of an external load so as to ensure that the unit operates under the optimal load. Meanwhile, the unit has to have partial load performance, namely, the unit can effectively run under lower load and at lower water temperature of the cooling tower, stepless regulation is realized, and the wider the energy regulation range is, the better the energy regulation range is. In the design of a refrigeration system, an economic economizer is also often adopted, so that part of refrigerant liquid is subjected to intermediate cooling, and the supercooling degree is improved, so that the refrigeration capacity of a unit working medium is improved, and the defects of high energy consumption and high noise are overcome, and the requirements of low carbon, environmental protection and occupational health are not met. The heat-driven absorption type ice making machine takes heat energy as driving energy, can utilize low-grade heat energy such as waste heat, solar energy and the like besides heat energy generated by boiler steam and fuel, and is quiet in operation and small in vibration because most of the whole set except a pump and a valve is a heat exchanger; meanwhile, the refrigerator operates in a vacuum state, the structure is simple, the refrigerator is safe and reliable, the energy consumption is low, but the existing absorption type ice making process has the defects of ice making temperature, long ice making period, deviation of operation conditions and human misoperation, and can cause the crystallization of solution in a unit, pipeline blockage and abnormal production when the unit is stopped, and the whole unit has numerous devices and occupies a large area, so that the refrigerator is not beneficial to popularization. Therefore, a new thermal drive absorption type ice making machine set and a method thereof are provided to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a novel heat-driven absorption type ice making unit with simple structure and reasonable design and a method thereof.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a novel heat-driven absorption type ice making unit which comprises a generation absorber, a condenser, a liquid storage tank and an ice making machine, wherein a gaseous refrigerant outlet pipe of the generation absorber is connected to a gaseous refrigerant inlet pipe of the condenser, a liquid refrigerant outlet pipe of the condenser is connected to a liquid refrigerant inlet pipe of the liquid storage tank, a liquid refrigerant outlet pipe of the liquid storage tank is connected to a liquid refrigerant inlet pipe of the ice making machine, a gaseous refrigerant outlet pipe of the ice making machine is connected to a gaseous refrigerant inlet pipe of the generation absorber, and a working medium solution outlet pipe of the generation absorber is connected to a working medium solution inlet pipe of the generation absorber through a spray pump.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the liquid refrigerant outlet pipe of the liquid storage tank is connected to the liquid refrigerant inlet pipe of the ice maker through a GVX heat exchanger, and the gaseous refrigerant outlet pipe of the ice maker is connected to the gaseous refrigerant inlet pipe of the generation absorber through a GVX heat exchanger.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the generation absorber comprises a shell, a first tube box and a second tube box, wherein the first tube box and the second tube box are positioned at two ends of the shell, a plurality of groups of hollow heat exchange plates are arranged between the first tube box and the second tube box and are communicated with the first tube box and the second tube box, a heat source inlet pipe is arranged at the lower end of the first tube box, a heat source outlet pipe is arranged at the upper end of the second tube box, a working medium solution outlet pipe at the bottom end of the shell is connected to a working medium solution inlet pipe at the top end of the shell through a spray pump, a gas refrigerant inlet pipe of the generation absorber is positioned at the upper end of the shell, spray pipes are arranged at the bottom end of the working medium solution inlet pipe, and spray nozzles are uniformly distributed at the bottom ends of the spray pipes.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the heat exchange plates are symmetrically and vertically distributed in the shell along the central axis of the shell, the heat exchange plates are in a fold line shape along the vertical direction, and uniform bulges are arranged on the surfaces of the heat exchange plates.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the heat source inlet pipe or the heat source outlet pipe is respectively connected with the high-temperature water pipe and the low-temperature water pipe through a three-way valve.
As a further optimized scheme of the invention, a demister is arranged in a gas refrigerant outlet pipe at the upper end of the generating absorber.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, a liquid storage device is arranged in a working medium solution outlet pipe at the bottom end of the generation absorber.
The invention also provides a novel thermal drive absorption type ice making method, which utilizes the novel thermal drive absorption type ice making unit and comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing ice making: a heat source enters a heat exchange plate of the generation absorber, when the liquid level of a working medium solution in the shell side of the generation absorber reaches a first set value, a spray pump is started, when the liquid level of the generation absorber gradually decreases to a second set value, the spray pump is closed, and a gaseous refrigerant evaporated by the generation absorber is condensed into a liquid refrigerant through a condenser and enters a liquid storage tank for storage;
(2) Ice making: starting a spray pump, decompressing and expanding the liquid refrigerant in the liquid storage tank through a valve to enter an ice maker to make ice, and returning the expanded gaseous refrigerant to a generation absorber;
(3) Demolding of ice blocks: and (3) after ice making is finished, demolding the ice blocks from the mold and conveying the ice blocks to a conveying device, returning the expanded gaseous refrigerant to the generation absorber to be absorbed by the working medium solution in the demolding process, and repeating the process of the step (1) by the generation absorber to start ice making for the next time.
As a further preferable embodiment of the present invention, in the step (1), the first set value is 80% of the shell-side volume, and the second set value is 20% of the shell-side volume.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, when the liquid level of the absorber is reduced to 20% of the shell side volume, low-temperature water at 28-34 ℃ is adopted as a heat source, and when the liquid level of the absorber is increased to 80% of the shell side volume, hot water at more than 110 ℃ or steam at 0.1MPa is adopted as the heat source.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. compared with the traditional absorption type ice making machine, the number of the devices in the ice making machine set is reduced, the size and the material filling amount of the ice making device are specially designed according to the characteristics and the size of the ice making device, the occupied area of the traditional ice making machine set is greatly reduced, and the smaller occupied area of the machine set is favorable for the total planning design of projects. The reduction of the number of equipment can reduce the initial investment cost of the unit, reduce the leakage point of materials, reduce the filling amount of the refrigerant and reduce the safety risk of the ice making unit;
2. the solution circulating pump is cancelled in the unit, only the low-lift spray pump is reserved, and the energy consumption is further reduced compared with that of the traditional absorption type ice making machine; the reduction of transmission equipment can also reduce the mechanical failure risk of the unit, improve the production stability, reduce noise and make the working environment more comfortable, and because no solution pump exists, the operation of starting and stopping the ice maker is simple, and the flow is simplified. And the error risk in the manual operation and maintenance operation is reduced.
3. Compared with adsorption type ice making, absorption type ice making has lower ice making temperature, higher analysis and absorption efficiency, shorter ice making time, richer application scenes and wide market prospect.
4. The generation absorber is designed with a special heat exchange plate form, and heat exchange can be performed under the condition of uniform solution supplement through the heat exchange plate, so that the absorption heat exchange effect is greatly improved, the working medium solution circulates in two states of dissolution and precipitation in the operation process of the unit, the absorption characteristic of the working medium solution is utilized to the maximum extent, and the unit has lower ice making temperature.
5. Compared with the common absorption type ice making, the invention utilizes the crystallization precipitation state to operate, thereby not stopping the ice making machine, simplifying the production operation and reducing the operation cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall flow diagram of the novel thermally driven absorption ice-making machine set of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of the heat-driven absorption ice-making machine of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a shell cross-section heat exchange plate profile of the absorber of fig. 2.
In the figure: 1. a generation absorber; 11. a housing; 12. a first header; 13. a second header; 14. a heat exchange plate; 15. a heat source inlet pipe; 16. a heat source outlet pipe; 17. a working medium solution outlet pipe; 18. a working medium solution inlet pipe; 19. a gaseous refrigerant inlet pipe; 110. a shower pipe; 111. a gaseous refrigerant outlet pipe; 112. a foam remover; 113. a reservoir; 2. a condenser; 3. a liquid storage tank; 4. an ice maker; 5. GVX heat exchanger; 6. and (4) a spray pump.
Detailed Description
The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings, and it should be noted that the following detailed description is given for purposes of illustration only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application, as these numerous insubstantial modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art based on the teachings of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1, the novel thermally driven absorption type ice maker 4 set of the present embodiment includes a generation absorber 1, a condenser 2, a liquid storage tank 3 and an ice maker 4, a gaseous refrigerant outlet pipe 111 of the generation absorber 1 is connected to a gaseous refrigerant inlet pipe 19 of the condenser 2, a liquid refrigerant outlet pipe of the condenser 2 is connected to a liquid refrigerant inlet pipe of the liquid storage tank 3, a liquid refrigerant outlet pipe of the liquid storage tank 3 is connected to a liquid refrigerant inlet pipe of the ice maker 4 through a GVX heat exchanger 5, a gaseous refrigerant outlet pipe 111 of the ice maker 4 is connected to a gaseous refrigerant inlet pipe 19 of the generation absorber 1 through a GVX heat exchanger 5, heat exchange is performed between a gaseous refrigerant generated by expansion of the ice maker 4 and a liquid refrigerant entering the ice maker 4, so that the liquid refrigerant is cooled and preheated, and a working medium solution outlet pipe 17 of the generation absorber 1 is connected to a working medium solution inlet pipe 18 of the generation absorber 1 through a spray pump 6.
As shown in fig. 2, the generation absorber 1 comprises a shell 11, a first tube box 12 and a second tube box 13, the first tube box 12 and the second tube box 13 are located at two ends of the shell 11, a plurality of sets of hollow heat exchange plates 14 are arranged between the first tube box 12 and the second tube box 13, the plurality of sets of hollow heat exchange plates 14 are communicated with the first tube box 12 and the second tube box 13, a heat source inlet pipe 15 is arranged at the lower end of the first tube box 12, a heat source outlet pipe 16 is arranged at the upper end of the second tube box 13, a working medium solution outlet pipe 17 at the bottom end of the shell 11 is connected to a working medium solution inlet pipe 18 at the top end of the shell 11 through a spray pump 6, internal circulation of the solution is realized by the spray pump 6, generation and absorption effects are enhanced, a gaseous refrigerant inlet pipe 19 of the generation absorber 1 is located at the upper end of the shell 11, the bottom of the working medium solution inlet pipe 18 is provided with a spray pipe 110, spray heads are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the spray pipe 110, a low-grade heat source enters the shell 11 of the generation absorber 1 through a heat source inlet pipe 15 to heat a working medium pair in a shell pass, the working medium pair is quickly separated out of a gas-phase refrigerant after being heated to a certain degree and then enters the liquid storage tank 3 after being condensed by the condenser 2 to be stored, when ice is needed to be made, the liquid-phase refrigerant enters the ice maker 4 through a valve to be made into ice, circulating water enters the generation absorber 1 through the heat source inlet pipe 15 to absorb the gas-phase refrigerant, the circulating water enters the generation absorber through a pipeline 15, heat exchange is carried out between the heat exchange plate 14 and the working medium pair, heat emitted when the working medium pair absorbs the gas-phase refrigerant is transferred, and the absorption process is promoted. Circulating water is positioned on the inner side of the hollow heat exchange plate 14, and the working medium pair is positioned on the outer side of the heat exchange plate 14, so that the circulation of a refrigerant is realized.
As shown in fig. 3, the heat exchange plates 14 are symmetrically and vertically distributed in the shell 11 along the axial line of the shell 11, the heat exchange plates 14 are zigzag in the vertical direction, the heat exchange plates 14 are hollow, the heat source flows in the heat exchange plates 14, and the surfaces of the heat exchange plates 14 are provided with uniform protrusions to increase the heat exchange area and enable the adsorption type solid to be uniformly distributed on the surfaces of the heat exchange plates 14.
Heat source import pipe 15 or heat source outlet pipe 16 all connect high temperature water pipe and low temperature water pipe respectively through the three-way valve, and the artificial control of being convenient for gets into the heat source that takes place absorber 1, and the energy saving is equipped with demister 112 in the gaseous state refrigerant outlet pipe 111 of taking place absorber 1 upper end for vapour foam separation is equipped with reservoir 113 in the working medium solution outlet pipe 17 of taking place absorber 1 bottom, avoids spraying 6 idle rotations of pump.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the novel heat-driven absorption-type ice making method utilizes the above-mentioned novel heat-driven absorption-type ice making machine 4 set, and includes the steps of:
(1) When in the preparation stage of ice making, the liquid level of the absorber 1 is 80% of the shell side volume, and the spray pump 6 is started. Along with the heating of the heat source, the liquid level in the absorber 1 is gradually reduced at the moment and is in a critical state of solid working medium precipitation. The solution in a critical state is pumped and conveyed to the top of the generation absorber 1 by the spray pump 6 for spraying, the mist is distributed on the heat exchange plate 14 for heat exchange, the separated solid working medium in the solution is distributed on the heat exchange plate 14 along with evaporation of the gaseous refrigerant in the liquid film, and when the spray pump 6 operates, the new liquid film can wash away the solid working medium and dissolve in the solution at the lower part of the generation absorber 1.
(2) And (3) closing the spray pump 6 until the liquid level of the absorber 1 is reduced to 20% of the shell pass volume, and switching the three-way regulating valve to connect the heat source inlet pipe 15 with the low-temperature circulating water. At the moment, solid working media are distributed on the heat exchange plate 14, the gaseous refrigerant evaporated by the generation absorber 1 enters the equipment 2 to be condensed into high-pressure normal-temperature liquid refrigerant until liquid-phase refrigerating ice agent with the liquid level being 80% of the shell-side volume is stored in the liquid storage tank 3, the unit is in a preparation stage for ice making, and the steps last for half an hour.
(3) When the unit needs to make ice, the spraying pump 6 is started, and the liquid refrigerant with the liquid level of 80% in the liquid storage tank 3 is decompressed and expanded through the valve to enter the ice maker 4 to make ice. The expanded gaseous refrigerant is returned to the generating absorber 1 via the device 9. With the adsorption of the gaseous refrigerant by the solid working medium uniformly distributed on the heat exchange plate 14, the spraying effect of the spraying pump 6 and the heat exchange effect of the low-temperature circulating water, the generation absorber 1 is in a rapid absorption state at this time, so that the evaporator has a lower refrigeration temperature. The machine set is in the states of ice making and ice nourishing.
(4) And the whole ice making stage is finished along with the completion of the consumption of the liquid refrigerant in the liquid storage tank 3, and ice blocks are formed. When the ice maker 4 is in an ice cube demoulding state and ice cubes are conveyed to an ice storage, the steps are circulated to recover the liquid level in the liquid storage tank 3, and then the secondary wheel can be started to make ice.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a novel heat drive absorption type ice making machine group which characterized in that, is including taking place absorber, condenser, liquid storage pot and ice machine, the gaseous state refrigerant outlet pipe of taking place the absorber is connected to the gaseous state refrigerant import pipe of condenser, the liquid state refrigerant outlet pipe of condenser is connected to the liquid state refrigerant import pipe of liquid storage pot, the liquid state refrigerant outlet pipe of liquid storage pot is connected to the liquid state refrigerant import pipe of ice machine, the gaseous state refrigerant outlet pipe of ice machine is connected to the gaseous state refrigerant import pipe of taking place the absorber, the working medium solution outlet pipe of taking place the absorber is connected to the working medium solution import pipe of taking place the absorber through spraying the pump.
2. The novel thermally driven absorption ice maker unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the liquid refrigerant outlet pipe of the liquid storage tank is connected to the liquid refrigerant inlet pipe of the ice maker through a GVX heat exchanger, and the gaseous refrigerant outlet pipe of the ice maker is connected to the gaseous refrigerant inlet pipe of the generation absorber through a GVX heat exchanger.
3. The novel thermally-driven absorption type ice making machine set according to claim 1, wherein the generation absorber comprises a shell, a first channel and a second channel, the first channel and the second channel are located at two ends of the shell, a plurality of groups of hollow heat exchange plates are arranged between the first channel and the second channel, the plurality of groups of hollow heat exchange plates are communicated with the first channel and the second channel, a heat source inlet pipe is arranged at the lower end of the first channel, a heat source outlet pipe is arranged at the upper end of the second channel, a working medium solution outlet pipe at the bottom end of the shell is connected to a working medium solution at the top end of the shell through a spray pump, a gaseous refrigerant inlet pipe of the generation absorber is located at the upper end of the shell, a spray pipe is arranged at the bottom end of the working medium solution inlet pipe, and spray nozzles are uniformly distributed at the bottom end of the spray pipe.
4. The ice maker set according to claim 3, wherein the heat exchanger plates are symmetrically and vertically distributed in the housing along the central axis of the housing, the heat exchanger plates are folded in the vertical direction, and the surfaces of the heat exchanger plates are provided with uniform protrusions.
5. The ice making machine as claimed in claim 3, wherein the heat source inlet pipe or the heat source outlet pipe is connected to the high temperature water pipe and the low temperature water pipe respectively through a three-way valve.
6. The thermally driven absorption ice making unit as claimed in claim 5, wherein a demister is provided in the gaseous refrigerant outlet pipe at the upper end of the generation absorber.
7. The ice maker set according to claim 5, wherein a reservoir is provided in the outlet of the working fluid at the bottom of the generator-absorber.
8. A novel thermal drive absorption ice making method, wherein the novel thermal drive absorption ice making unit according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is used, and the steps comprise:
(1) Preparing ice making: a heat source enters a heat exchange plate of the generation absorber, when the liquid level of a working medium solution in the shell side of the generation absorber reaches a first set value, a spray pump is started, when the liquid level of the generation absorber gradually reduces a second set value, the spray pump is closed, and a gaseous refrigerant evaporated by the generation absorber is condensed into a liquid refrigerant through a condenser and enters a liquid storage tank for storage;
(2) Ice making: starting a spray pump, decompressing and expanding the liquid refrigerant in the liquid storage tank through a valve to enter an ice maker to make ice, and returning the expanded gaseous refrigerant to a generation absorber;
(3) Demolding the ice blocks: and (3) after ice making is finished, demolding the ice blocks from the mold and conveying the ice blocks to a conveying device, returning the expanded gaseous refrigerant to the generation absorber to be absorbed by the working medium solution in the demolding process, and repeating the process of the step (1) by the generation absorber to start ice making for the next time.
9. The novel thermally driven absorption ice making process of claim 8 wherein in step (1) the first set point is 80% of the shell side volume and the second set point is 20% of the shell side volume.
10. The novel heat-driven absorption-type ice making method according to claim 9, wherein in step (1), when the liquid level of the absorber decreases to 20% of the shell-side volume, low-temperature water at 28 ℃ to 34 ℃ is used as a heat source, and when the liquid level of the absorber increases to 80% of the shell-side volume, hot water at more than 110 ℃ or steam at 0.1MPa is used as a heat source.
CN202111288958.1A 2021-11-02 2021-11-02 Novel heat-driven absorption type ice making unit and method thereof Active CN114017943B (en)

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CN113758053B (en) * 2021-09-18 2022-08-02 普泛能源技术研究院(北京)有限公司 Novel absorber and absorption type refrigerating system thereof

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JP2003075014A (en) * 2001-08-28 2003-03-12 Akio Miyanaga Absorption refrigerating machine
KR102292157B1 (en) * 2020-03-10 2021-08-20 고려대학교 산학협력단 Hybrid absorption heat pump system using renewable heat

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