CN114017208B - Solid-liquid rocket engine catalytic bed and cooling and preheating system and method thereof - Google Patents
Solid-liquid rocket engine catalytic bed and cooling and preheating system and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114017208B CN114017208B CN202111499253.4A CN202111499253A CN114017208B CN 114017208 B CN114017208 B CN 114017208B CN 202111499253 A CN202111499253 A CN 202111499253A CN 114017208 B CN114017208 B CN 114017208B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K9/00—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof
- F02K9/72—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof using liquid and solid propellants, i.e. hybrid rocket-engine plants
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of solid-liquid rocket engines, in particular to a solid-liquid rocket engine catalytic bed and a cooling and preheating system and method thereof. The solid-liquid rocket engine catalytic bed comprises a head cover, a catalytic bed body structure, a catalytic bed reaction chamber shell and a cooling channel shell; a first accommodating cavity is arranged in the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell, and the catalytic bed body structure is arranged in the first accommodating cavity; the cooling channel shell is arranged outside the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell in a connecting way, and a cooling gas inlet and a cooling gas outlet are arranged on the cooling channel shell; the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell is connected with the head cover. The catalytic bed adopts a jacket type active cooling mode, can continuously carry away the heat of the catalytic bed reaction chamber, avoids heat accumulation, and can control the temperature of the catalytic reaction chamber to be below 500 ℃ under the long-time working condition, so that a high-temperature alloy with thinner wall surface and lower density can be adopted, and the structural quality and cost are obviously reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid-liquid rocket engines, in particular to a solid-liquid rocket engine catalytic bed and a cooling and preheating system and method thereof.
Background
The high-concentration hydrogen peroxide catalytic bed is one of the core subsystems of the advanced solid-liquid power technology, the catalytic bed and the catalytic reaction chamber are key components in the catalytic bed, and have decisive influence on the working load of a power system, the power output under variable working conditions, the application life, the stability and the reliability, and are one of the contents of the advanced solid-liquid power technology research which needs important breakthrough.
The temperature of the hydrogen peroxide with the concentration of 98 percent after catalytic decomposition can reach more than 1000 ℃ and form oxygen-enriched atmosphere with the concentration of more than 40%, so the heat protection is a key problem to be solved by the design of the hydrogen peroxide catalytic bed. The traditional catalytic bed structure adopts high-temperature alloy as a shell material of a catalytic reaction chamber, and the structural stability and the structural reliability of the catalytic bed in the working process are ensured through the heat resistance of the material. The strength of the superalloy decreases with increasing temperature, which results in the need for a thick wall to ensure strength at high temperatures, while the temperature resistance of the superalloy is generally proportional to density, and thus the structural mass is heavy.
The traditional catalytic bed structure adopts an integral catalytic reaction chamber, and the strength of the reaction chamber at high temperature is ensured through the thickness of the wall surface. Moreover, the traditional catalytic bed structure can not be preheated, the starting delay of the catalytic bed is generally larger, and the initial catalytic efficiency is lower.
In view of this, the present invention has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a solid-liquid rocket engine catalytic bed, which adopts a cooling channel type catalytic reaction chamber, and the cooling channel is arranged on the basis of an integral catalytic reaction chamber, so that the structural quality can be reduced on the basis of ensuring the strength.
The invention further aims to provide a preheating and cooling system of the solid-liquid rocket engine catalytic bed, which has excellent preheating and cooling effects on the catalytic bed by carrying out collocation connection of the vortex tube and the catalytic bed structure.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for performing preheating and cooling using the preheating and cooling system as described above, which can exert excellent preheating effect and cooling effect on a solid-liquid rocket engine catalytic bed.
In order to achieve the above object of the present invention, the following technical solutions are specifically adopted:
the catalytic bed for the solid-liquid rocket engine comprises a head cover, a catalytic bed body structure, a catalytic bed reaction chamber shell and a cooling channel shell;
the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell is internally provided with a first accommodating cavity, the first accommodating cavity is internally provided with a catalytic bed body structure, the catalytic bed body structure comprises a catalytic bed shell, the catalytic bed shell is connected with the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell, the interior of the catalytic bed shell is provided with a second accommodating cavity, and a catalyst net and a gas injection panel are sequentially arranged in the second accommodating cavity along the direction from an inlet to an outlet;
the outside of the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell is connected with the cooling channel shell, and the cooling channel shell is provided with a cooling gas inlet and a cooling gas outlet;
the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell is connected with the head cover; a head cover cavity is arranged in the head cover, the head cover cavity comprises an oxidant inlet and an oxidant outlet, a liquid injection panel is arranged in the head cover and close to the oxidant outlet in a connecting mode, and a liquid collecting head cavity is formed by a first end face of the liquid injection panel and the oxidant inlet; the oxidant outlet is connected to the inlet end of the catalytic bed housing.
Preferably, the outer wall surface of the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell is provided with cooling fins along the circumferential direction;
preferably, the cooling fins are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the outer wall surface of the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell;
preferably, the thickness of the radiating fin is 2-3 mm.
Preferably, an adjusting check ring is further arranged in the first accommodating cavity, and the adjusting check ring is connected with and arranged at the outlet end of the catalytic bed shell;
preferably, the adjusting check ring is coaxially arranged with the catalytic bed housing.
Preferably, the outer wall of the outlet end of the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell is connected and provided with a catalytic bed flange plate;
preferably, the outlet end of the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell is provided with a catalytic bed heat insulation layer, and the catalytic bed heat insulation layer is connected with the catalytic bed flange plate through an adhesive groove.
Preferably, the liquid injection panel is provided with a plurality of liquid injection holes;
preferably, the liquid injection holes are arranged in multiple layers in the circumferential direction of the liquid injection panel;
preferably, the liquid is injected into Kong Caiqu stepped holes; the shrinkage ratio of the stepped hole is 6-12.
Preferably, a plurality of oxidant gas injection holes are designed on the gas injection panel;
preferably, the oxidant gas injection holes are circumferentially distributed in multiple layers on the gas injection panel, and each layer is circumferentially uniformly distributed;
preferably, the cooling gas inlet is close to the outlet end of the second accommodation cavity; the cooling gas outlet is close to the inlet end of the second accommodating cavity.
The preheating and cooling system of the solid-liquid rocket engine catalytic bed comprises a vortex tube and the solid-liquid rocket engine catalytic bed;
the vortex tube comprises a hot gas outlet, a cold gas outlet and a compressed gas inlet;
the hot gas outlet is detachably connected with the oxidant inlet and is used for preheating the hydrogen peroxide catalytic bed structure;
the cold gas outlet is connected with the cooling gas inlet.
Preferably, the vortex tube comprises a vortex tube body and a vortex tube regulating valve;
along the length direction of the vortex tube body, a hot gas pipeline, a vortex chamber and a cold gas pipeline which are communicated are sequentially arranged in the vortex tube body, the hot gas pipeline is communicated with the hot gas outlet, and the cold gas pipeline is communicated with the cold gas outlet; the compressed gas inlet is communicated with the vortex chamber;
the cold gas pipeline is an expansion spray pipe;
the hot gas pipeline comprises a first expansion spray pipe, a convergent spray pipe and a second expansion spray pipe which are sequentially communicated in the direction from the vortex chamber to the hot gas outlet;
the vortex tube regulating valve comprises a vortex tube regulating valve shell matched with the vortex tube body; a baffle is arranged on the inner wall of the vortex tube adjusting valve shell in a connecting way, and a hot gas outlet pipeline is formed by enclosing the first side surface of the baffle and the vortex tube adjusting valve; a cone is arranged in the central area of the second side surface of the baffle, and the bottom surface of the cone is connected with the second side surface; the baffle is provided with a plurality of connecting through holes, and the connecting through holes encircle the cone;
and part of the inner wall of the vortex tube adjusting valve shell is connected with part of the outer wall of the hot gas outlet of the vortex tube body through threads, and the cone extends into the hot gas pipeline.
A method of performing preheating and cooling using a preheating and cooling system as described above, comprising the steps of:
(a) The hot gas separated by the vortex tube enters the catalytic bed for preheating;
(b) Stopping preheating, allowing the liquid hydrogen peroxide to enter the catalytic bed for catalytic decomposition, and allowing the cold gas separated by the vortex tube to enter the cooling channel shell for cooling the catalytic bed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The hydrogen peroxide catalytic bed structure of the solid-liquid rocket engine adopts a jacket type active cooling mode, can continuously carry away the heat of the catalytic bed reaction chamber, avoids heat accumulation, and can control the temperature of the catalytic reaction chamber to be below 500 ℃ under long-time working conditions, so that a high-temperature alloy with thinner wall surface and lower density can be adopted, and the structural quality and cost are obviously reduced.
(2) According to the preheating and cooling system, the vortex tube is connected with the catalytic bed structure in a matched mode, so that excellent preheating and cooling effects on the catalytic bed are achieved.
(3) The preheating and cooling method of the invention heats the catalytic bed through the hot end of the vortex tube in advance before the catalytic bed is started, so that the catalytic bed has higher initial temperature; cooling the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell through the cold end of the vortex tube; after the catalytic bed is started, the hot end of the vortex tube is closed, and the shell of the catalytic bed reaction chamber is cooled only through the cold end of the vortex tube, so that the starting delay of the catalytic bed can be reduced, and the catalytic efficiency of the catalytic bed is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen peroxide catalytic bed of a solid-liquid rocket engine;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional view of the housing of the hydrogen peroxide catalytic bed reaction chamber of the solid-liquid rocket motor of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a vortex tube according to the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1-head cover, 101-oxidant inlet, 102-collector cavity, 2-catalytic bed reaction chamber housing, 201-heat sink, 3-cooling channel housing, 301-cooling gas inlet, 302-cooling gas outlet, 4-catalytic bed flange, 5-catalytic bed insulation, 501-bonding groove, 6-adjusting retainer ring, 7-catalytic bed housing, 8-gas injection panel, 9-catalyst mesh, 10-liquid injection panel, 11-swirl tube, 110-swirl tube body, 1101-swirl chamber, 1102-cold gas line, 11020-cold gas outlet, 1103-hot gas line, 1104-compressed gas inlet, 111-swirl tube regulating valve, 1110-swirl tube regulating valve housing, 1111-cone, 1112-connecting channel, 1113-hot gas outlet line, 11130-hot gas outlet.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like refer to an azimuth or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, or that the product is conventionally put in place when used, merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific azimuth, be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
According to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention relates to a solid-liquid rocket engine catalytic bed comprising a head cover, a catalytic bed body structure, a catalytic bed reaction chamber housing and a cooling passage housing;
the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell is internally provided with a first accommodating cavity, the first accommodating cavity is internally provided with a catalytic bed body structure, the catalytic bed body structure comprises a catalytic bed shell, the catalytic bed shell is connected with the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell, the interior of the catalytic bed shell is provided with a second accommodating cavity, and a catalyst net and a gas injection panel are sequentially arranged in the second accommodating cavity along the direction from an inlet to an outlet;
the outside of the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell is connected with the cooling channel shell, and the cooling channel shell is provided with a cooling gas inlet and a cooling gas outlet;
the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell is connected with the head cover; a head cover cavity is arranged in the head cover, the head cover cavity comprises an oxidant inlet and an oxidant outlet, a liquid injection panel is arranged in the head cover and close to the oxidant outlet in a connecting mode, and a liquid collecting head cavity is formed by a first end face of the liquid injection panel and the oxidant inlet; the oxidant outlet is connected to the inlet end of the catalytic bed housing.
The traditional catalytic bed structure adopts an integral catalytic reaction chamber, and the strength of the reaction chamber at high temperature is ensured through the thickness of the wall surface. The invention adopts the cooling channel type catalytic reaction chamber, mills the cooling channel on the basis of the integral catalytic reaction chamber, and can lighten the structural mass on the basis of ensuring the strength.
In one embodiment, the head cover is welded to the catalytic bed reactor housing.
In one embodiment, the catalytic bed reaction chamber housing is connected to the cooling channel housing by brazing.
In one embodiment, the liquid injection panel is fixed in the engine head cover and is positioned by a positioning shoulder to be welded with the head cover.
Preferably, the catalytic bed shell is cylindrical, and the inner profile of the catalytic bed shell is stepped.
Preferably, the outer wall surface of the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell is provided with cooling fins along the circumferential direction.
Preferably, the cooling fins are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the outer wall surface of the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell.
Preferably, the thickness of the radiating fin is 2-3 mm.
The invention is more beneficial to obtaining excellent heat dissipation effect by arranging the heat dissipation fins. In one embodiment, the thickness of the heat sink is specifically 2.1mm, 2.2mm, 2.3mm, 2.4mm, 2.5mm, 2.6mm, 2.7mm, 2.8mm, 2.9mm; other values within the above ranges may also be selected, and are not particularly limited herein.
Preferably, an adjusting check ring is further arranged in the first accommodating cavity, and the adjusting check ring is connected with the outlet end of the catalytic bed shell.
Preferably, the adjusting check ring is coaxially arranged with the catalytic bed housing.
In one embodiment, the adjusting check ring is arranged at the lower end of the catalytic bed shell and is coaxially arranged with the catalytic bed shell, and the position of the catalytic bed shell in the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell is adjusted through the adjusting check ring.
Preferably, the outer wall of the outlet end of the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell is connected and provided with a catalytic bed flange plate.
Preferably, the outlet end of the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell is provided with a catalytic bed heat insulation layer, and the catalytic bed heat insulation layer is connected with the catalytic bed flange plate through an adhesive groove.
In one embodiment, the catalytic bed flange plate is connected with the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell through welding, coaxial positioning is realized through fixing the positioning shoulder, and the size of the catalytic bed flange plate is adjustable so as to be convenient for connecting different engines. Meanwhile, the lower end of the catalytic bed flange is provided with a sealing ring, so that the catalytic bed flange can be conveniently sealed with the combustion chamber of the engine. The catalytic bed heat insulation layer and the catalytic bed flange are positioned through the shoulder and are connected through the bonding groove in a bonding mode, the heat transfer from the combustion chamber to the catalytic bed can be reduced through the catalytic bed heat insulation layer, and the heat protection performance of the catalytic bed is improved.
Preferably, the liquid injection panel is provided with a plurality of liquid injection holes.
Preferably, the liquid injection holes are arranged in multiple layers in the circumferential direction of the liquid injection panel.
Preferably, the liquid is injected into Kong Caiqu stepped holes; the shrinkage ratio of the stepped hole is 6-12.
In one embodiment, the stepped holes are convergent from the header chamber to the catalyst mesh. The shrinkage ratio of the stepped hole means: the ratio of the pore diameters of the large pore and the small pore in the stepped pore. In one embodiment, the shrinkage ratio of the stepped bore includes, but is not limited to, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. By adopting the shrinkage ratio in the range, the atomization effect is better.
Preferably, the gas injection panel is provided with a plurality of oxidant gas injection holes.
Preferably, the oxidant gas injection holes are circumferentially distributed in multiple layers on the gas injection panel, and each layer is circumferentially uniformly distributed.
Preferably, the cooling gas inlet is close to the outlet end of the second accommodation cavity; the cooling gas outlet is close to the inlet end of the second accommodating cavity.
In one embodiment, the cooling channel housing has an aperture at each of its upper and lower ends that form a cooling gas outlet and cooling gas inlet, respectively. The low-temperature gas enters the cooling channel through the cooling gas inlet, and after the catalytic bed reaction type shell is cooled, the gas flows out through the cooling gas outlet and enters the exhaust system.
According to another aspect of the invention, the invention also relates to a preheating and cooling system of a solid-liquid rocket engine catalytic bed, comprising a vortex tube and the solid-liquid rocket engine catalytic bed as described above;
the vortex tube comprises a hot gas outlet, a cold gas outlet and a compressed gas inlet;
the hot gas outlet is detachably connected with the oxidant inlet and is used for preheating the hydrogen peroxide catalytic bed structure;
the cold gas outlet is connected with the cooling gas inlet.
The traditional catalytic bed structure can not be preheated, the starting delay of the catalytic bed is generally larger, and the initial catalytic efficiency is lower. The starting delay of the catalytic bed is inversely proportional to the initial state temperature, and the higher the initial temperature is, the smaller the starting delay is, so that the starting delay of the catalytic bed is required to be reduced by a preheating mode, and the initial catalytic efficiency of the catalytic bed is improved. The invention adopts the vortex tube as a cooling and heating device, and the catalytic bed is heated by the hot end of the vortex tube in advance before being started, so that the catalytic bed has higher initial temperature; the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell is cooled by the cold end of the vortex tube. After the catalytic bed is started, the hot end of the vortex tube is closed, and the shell of the catalytic bed reaction chamber is cooled only through the cold end of the vortex tube, so that the starting delay of the catalytic bed can be reduced, and the catalytic efficiency of the catalytic bed is improved.
Preferably, the vortex tube comprises a vortex tube body and a vortex tube regulating valve;
along the length direction of the vortex tube body, a hot gas pipeline, a vortex chamber and a cold gas pipeline which are communicated are sequentially arranged in the vortex tube body, the hot gas pipeline is communicated with the hot gas outlet, and the cold gas pipeline is communicated with the cold gas outlet; the compressed gas inlet is communicated with the vortex chamber;
the cold gas pipeline is an expansion spray pipe;
the hot gas pipeline comprises a first expansion spray pipe, a convergent spray pipe and a second expansion spray pipe which are sequentially communicated in the direction from the vortex chamber to the hot gas outlet;
the vortex tube regulating valve comprises a vortex tube regulating valve shell matched with the vortex tube body; a baffle is arranged on the inner wall of the vortex tube adjusting valve shell in a connecting way, and a hot gas outlet pipeline is formed by enclosing the first side surface of the baffle and the vortex tube adjusting valve; a cone is arranged in the central area of the second side surface of the baffle, and the bottom surface of the cone is connected with the second side surface; the baffle is provided with a plurality of connecting through holes, and the connecting through holes encircle the cone;
and part of the inner wall of the vortex tube adjusting valve shell is connected with part of the outer wall of the hot gas outlet of the vortex tube body through threads, and the cone extends into the hot gas pipeline.
The structure of the vortex tube of the invention is shown in figure 3, and comprises a vortex tube body and a vortex tube regulating valve. Compressed gas enters the vortex tube from the tangential inlet to form free vortex, the outer-layer gas is continuously heated due to friction to form high-temperature air flow, and the high-temperature air flow passes through the hot gas pipeline and the high-temperature gas channel (connecting through hole) to reach the hot gas outlet pipeline; the inner gas forms a low-temperature gas flow due to energy loss, and flows out from the cold gas outlet through the cold gas pipeline. The highest temperature of the high-temperature gas can reach 127 ℃, and the preheating temperature of the hydrogen peroxide catalytic bed above 100 ℃ is completely met; the minimum temperature of the low-temperature gas can reach-46 ℃, and the cooling requirement of the hydrogen peroxide catalytic bed reaction chamber can be met.
The vortex tube regulating valve is connected with the vortex tube body through threads, the area between the conical surface of the vortex tube regulating valve and the hot end outlet of the vortex tube body can be controlled by regulating the screwing length, and the gas temperature can be regulated.
Preferably, the outlet end of the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell is connected with a combustion chamber;
the combustion chamber is connected with the hydrogen peroxide catalytic bed structure through the catalytic bed flange plate.
According to another aspect of the invention, the invention also relates to a method for carrying out preheating and cooling with a preheating and cooling system as described above, comprising the steps of:
(a) The high-temperature gas separated by the vortex tube enters the catalytic bed for preheating;
(b) Stopping preheating, allowing the liquid hydrogen peroxide to enter the catalytic bed for catalytic decomposition, and allowing the low-temperature gas separated by the vortex tube to enter the cooling channel shell for cooling the catalytic bed.
The preheating and cooling method of the invention heats the catalytic bed by the high-temperature gas separated by the vortex tube in advance before the catalytic bed is started, so that the catalytic bed has higher initial temperature; cooling the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell by the low-temperature gas separated by the vortex tube; after the catalytic bed is started, the hot end of the vortex tube is closed, and the shell of the catalytic bed reaction chamber is cooled only through the cold end of the vortex tube, so that the starting delay of the catalytic bed can be reduced, and the catalytic efficiency of the catalytic bed is improved.
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen peroxide catalytic bed of the solid-liquid rocket engine. FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional view of the housing of the hydrogen peroxide catalytic bed reaction chamber of the solid-liquid rocket motor of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a vortex tube according to the present invention.
Example 1
The solid-liquid rocket engine catalytic bed comprises a head cover 1, a catalytic bed body structure, a catalytic bed reaction chamber shell 2 and a cooling channel shell 3;
a first accommodating cavity is arranged in the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell 2, the first accommodating cavity is internally provided with a catalytic bed body structure, the catalytic bed body structure comprises a catalytic bed shell 7, the catalytic bed shell 7 is connected with the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell 2, a second accommodating cavity is arranged in the catalytic bed shell 7, and a catalyst net 9 and a gas injection panel 8 are sequentially arranged in the second accommodating cavity along the direction from an inlet to an outlet;
the outside of the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell 2 is provided with the cooling channel shell 3 through braze welding, and the cooling channel shell 3 is provided with a cooling gas inlet 301 and a cooling gas outlet 302;
the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell 2 is connected with the head cover 1 through welding; the inside of the head cover 1 is provided with a head cover 1 cavity, the head cover 1 cavity comprises an oxidant inlet 101 and an oxidant outlet, the inside of the head cover 1 is connected with a liquid injection panel 10 near the oxidant outlet, and the liquid injection panel is positioned by a positioning shoulder in a welding connection mode; the first end face of the liquid injection panel 10 and the oxidant inlet 101 form a header cavity 102; the oxidant outlet is connected with the inlet end of the catalytic bed housing 7;
the catalytic bed shell 7 is cylindrical, and the inner molded surface of the catalytic bed shell 7 is stepped;
the periphery of the outer wall surface of the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell 2 is provided with radiating fins 201, the radiating fins 201 are uniformly distributed in the periphery of the outer wall surface of the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell 2, and the thickness of the radiating fins 201 is 2mm;
an adjusting check ring 6 is further arranged in the first accommodating cavity, the adjusting check ring 6 is connected to the lower end of the catalytic bed shell 7, and the adjusting check ring 6 and the catalytic bed shell 7 are coaxially arranged;
the outer wall of the outlet end of the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell 2 is connected with a catalytic bed flange 4, the outlet end of the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell 2 is provided with a catalytic bed heat insulation layer 5, and the catalytic bed heat insulation layer 5 and the catalytic bed flange 4 are positioned through a shoulder and are connected through an adhesive groove 501;
the liquid injection panel 10 is provided with liquid injection holes which are distributed in multiple layers in the circumferential direction of the liquid injection panel 10, the liquid is injected into Kong Caiqu stepped holes, and the shrinkage ratio of the stepped holes is 8;
the gas injection panel 8 is provided with oxidant gas injection holes which are circumferentially distributed in multiple layers on the gas injection panel 8, and each layer is circumferentially distributed uniformly;
the cooling gas inlet 301 is close to the outlet end of the second accommodating cavity; the cooling gas outlet 302 is near the inlet end of the second receiving chamber.
Example 2
A preheating and cooling system of a solid-liquid rocket engine catalytic bed, comprising a vortex tube 11 and the solid-liquid rocket engine catalytic bed in the embodiment 1;
the vortex tube 11 comprises a vortex tube body 110 and a vortex tube regulating valve 111;
along the length direction of the vortex tube body 110, a hot gas pipeline 1103, a vortex chamber 1101 and a cold gas pipeline 1102 which are communicated are sequentially arranged in the vortex tube body 110, the hot gas pipeline 1103 is communicated with a hot gas outlet 11130, and the cold gas pipeline 1102 is communicated with a cold gas outlet 11020; the swirl chamber 1101 communicates with a compressed gas inlet 1104;
the cold gas line 1102 is an expanding lance;
in the direction of the swirl chamber 1101 to the hot gas outlet 11130, the hot gas line 1103 comprises a first diverging nozzle, a converging nozzle and a second diverging nozzle in sequential communication;
the vortex tube modulation valve 111 includes a vortex tube modulation valve housing 1110 that mates with the vortex tube body 110; a baffle is connected to the inner wall of the vortex tube adjusting valve housing 1110, and a hot gas outlet pipeline 1113 is formed by enclosing the first side surface of the baffle and the vortex tube adjusting valve 111; a cone 1111 is arranged in the central area of the second side surface of the baffle plate, and the bottom surface of the cone 1111 is connected with the second side surface; the baffle is provided with a plurality of connecting channels 1112, the connecting channels 1112 encircling the cone 1111;
a portion of the inner wall of the swirl tube adjustment valve housing 1110 is threadably connected to a portion of the outer wall of the hot gas outlet 11130 of the swirl tube body 110 and extends the cone into the hot gas line 1103.
Example 3
The preheating and cooling method of the solid-liquid rocket engine catalytic bed comprises the following steps:
in the working process of the hydrogen peroxide catalytic bed of the high-efficiency light solid-liquid rocket engine, compressed gas is firstly introduced into the vortex tube 11, and is separated into high-temperature gas and low-temperature gas through the vortex tube 11, the high-temperature gas enters the head cover 1 through a hot gas outlet 11130 and flows through the catalyst net 9, so that the effect of preheating the catalytic bed is achieved; the low-temperature gas enters the cooling gas inlet 301 through the cooling gas outlet 11020 and the pipeline, so as to enter the cooling channel, and enters the exhaust system through the cooling gas outlet 302 after absorbing the heat of the reaction chamber shell, thereby achieving the effect of precooling the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell 2.
After the start-up command is issued, the hot gas outlet 11130 of the vortex tube 11 is closed, and the vortex tube 11 generates only low-temperature gas. Liquid hydrogen peroxide enters the liquid collecting head cavity 102 from the oxidant inlet 101, is sprayed and atomized through the liquid spraying panel 10 under the pressure action of the conveying system, and then enters the catalyst net 9, and is catalyzed and decomposed into high-temperature oxidant gas, and the catalytic bed reaction chamber generates a large amount of heat, but the low-temperature gas generated by the vortex tube 11 enters the cooling channel to continuously absorb the heat of the reaction chamber shell, so that heat accumulation is avoided, and the temperature of the catalytic reaction chamber shell can be controlled below 500 ℃ under the long-time working condition, and the working strength of the catalytic reaction chamber shell can be ensured. The high-temperature oxidant gas is sprayed out through the gas spraying panel 8 and reaches the combustion chamber of the solid-liquid rocket engine, so that the ignition and the starting of the solid-liquid rocket engine are realized.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The preheating and cooling system of the solid-liquid rocket engine catalytic bed is characterized by comprising a vortex tube and the solid-liquid rocket engine catalytic bed;
the solid-liquid rocket engine catalytic bed comprises a head cover, a catalytic bed body structure, a catalytic bed reaction chamber shell and a cooling channel shell;
the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell is internally provided with a first accommodating cavity, the first accommodating cavity is internally provided with a catalytic bed body structure, the catalytic bed body structure comprises a catalytic bed shell, the catalytic bed shell is connected with the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell, the interior of the catalytic bed shell is provided with a second accommodating cavity, and a catalyst net and a gas injection panel are sequentially arranged in the second accommodating cavity along the direction from an inlet to an outlet;
the outside of the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell is connected with the cooling channel shell, and the cooling channel shell is provided with a cooling gas inlet and a cooling gas outlet;
the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell is connected with the head cover; a head cover cavity is arranged in the head cover, the head cover cavity comprises an oxidant inlet and an oxidant outlet, a liquid injection panel is arranged in the head cover and close to the oxidant outlet in a connecting mode, and a liquid collecting head cavity is formed by a first end face of the liquid injection panel and the oxidant inlet; the oxidant outlet is connected with the inlet end of the catalytic bed shell;
the vortex tube comprises a hot gas outlet, a cold gas outlet and a compressed gas inlet;
the hot gas outlet is detachably connected with the oxidant inlet and is used for preheating the hydrogen peroxide catalytic bed structure;
the cold gas outlet is connected with the cooling gas inlet.
2. The system for preheating and cooling a catalytic bed of a solid-liquid rocket engine according to claim 1, wherein the outer wall surface of the catalytic bed reaction chamber housing is provided with cooling fins along the circumferential direction;
the cooling fins are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the outer wall surface of the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell;
the thickness of the radiating fin is 2-3 mm.
3. The system for preheating and cooling a catalytic bed of a solid-liquid rocket engine according to claim 1, wherein an adjusting check ring is further arranged in the first accommodating cavity, and the adjusting check ring is connected and arranged at the outlet end of the catalytic bed shell;
the adjusting check ring and the catalytic bed shell are coaxially arranged.
4. The system for preheating and cooling the catalytic bed of the solid-liquid rocket engine according to claim 1, wherein the outer wall of the outlet end of the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell is connected with a catalytic bed flange;
the outlet end of the catalytic bed reaction chamber shell is provided with a catalytic bed heat insulation layer, and the catalytic bed heat insulation layer is connected with the catalytic bed flange plate through an adhesive groove.
5. A solid liquid rocket engine catalytic bed preheating and cooling system as recited in claim 1, wherein said liquid injection panel is provided with a plurality of liquid injection holes;
the liquid injection holes are arranged in multiple layers in the circumferential direction of the liquid injection panel;
the liquid is sprayed into the Kong Caiqu stepped hole; the shrinkage ratio of the stepped hole is 6-12.
6. The system for preheating and cooling a solid-liquid rocket engine catalytic bed according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of oxidant gas injection holes are designed on the gas injection panel;
the oxidant gas injection holes are circumferentially distributed in multiple layers on the gas injection panel, and each layer is circumferentially and uniformly distributed.
7. A solid-liquid rocket engine catalytic bed preheating and cooling system according to claim 1, wherein the cooling gas inlet is adjacent to the outlet end of the second receiving chamber; the cooling gas outlet is close to the inlet end of the second accommodating cavity.
8. A solid-liquid rocket engine catalytic bed preheating and cooling system as recited in claim 1, wherein said vortex tube comprises a vortex tube body and a vortex tube regulating valve;
along the length direction of the vortex tube body, a hot gas pipeline, a vortex chamber and a cold gas pipeline which are communicated are sequentially arranged in the vortex tube body, the hot gas pipeline is communicated with the hot gas outlet, and the cold gas pipeline is communicated with the cold gas outlet; the compressed gas inlet is communicated with the vortex chamber;
the cold gas pipeline is an expansion spray pipe;
the hot gas pipeline comprises a first expansion spray pipe, a convergent spray pipe and a second expansion spray pipe which are sequentially communicated in the direction from the vortex chamber to the hot gas outlet;
the vortex tube regulating valve comprises a vortex tube regulating valve shell matched with the vortex tube body; a baffle is arranged on the inner wall of the vortex tube adjusting valve shell in a connecting way, and a hot gas outlet pipeline is formed by enclosing the first side surface of the baffle and the vortex tube adjusting valve; a cone is arranged in the central area of the second side surface of the baffle, and the bottom surface of the cone is connected with the second side surface; the baffle is provided with a plurality of connecting through holes, and the connecting through holes encircle the cone;
and part of the inner wall of the vortex tube adjusting valve shell is connected with part of the outer wall of the hot gas outlet of the vortex tube body through threads, and the cone extends into the hot gas pipeline.
9. A method of performing preheating and cooling using the solid-liquid rocket engine catalytic bed preheating and cooling system of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(a) The hot gas separated by the vortex tube enters the catalytic bed for preheating;
(b) Stopping preheating, allowing the liquid hydrogen peroxide to enter the catalytic bed for catalytic decomposition, and allowing the cold gas separated by the vortex tube to enter the cooling channel shell for cooling the catalytic bed.
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| CN202111499253.4A CN114017208B (en) | 2021-12-09 | 2021-12-09 | Solid-liquid rocket engine catalytic bed and cooling and preheating system and method thereof |
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