CN114016997A - Heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment device and method - Google Patents
Heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment device and method Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/34—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B25/04—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of buildings
Abstract
The invention provides a heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment device and method, the device comprises an injection system, a discrete model system, a production metering system and a data acquisition and test system, wherein the injection system provides displacement fluid; the discrete model system comprises a plurality of rock core holders inside, and rock cores or sand filling models with different physical properties are filled in the plurality of rock core holders of specific types to carry out displacement simulation experiments; the production metering system performs gas-liquid separation and yield metering of produced fluid; the data acquisition and test system records pressure, saturation and temperature data of each point of the model in the experimental process, and analyzes the data in real time through a computer. The simulation experiment device and method for developing and adjusting the heterogeneous oil reservoir can realize the simulation of water injection or gas injection development and adjustment of various heterogeneous oil reservoirs, can analyze the residual oil distribution before and after the simulation development, and provide reliable basis for formulating a development scheme and predicting the development effect of an actual oil reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas field development, in particular to an experimental device and method for heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation.
Background
The heterogeneity of the reservoir is one of the important factors influencing the development effect of the oil and gas reservoir. Due to the difference of the fluidity of the injected fluid and the stratum crude oil, the injected fluid often preferentially flows along a permeability dominant channel in the water injection and gas injection development process, a high-permeability layer is flooded with water or blown by gas too early, a low-permeability layer is difficult to be effectively used, and a large amount of residual oil is difficult to be produced. Flooding and gas channeling caused by reservoir heterogeneity have become key factors limiting further enhanced recovery of such oil and gas reservoirs.
Researchers often simulate heterogeneous oil reservoirs by establishing large-scale two-dimensional and three-dimensional physical models, the experimental workload is large, the period is long, the cost is high, the success rate is low, and the multiphase fluid distribution in the models in the experimental process cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is necessary to improve an experimental method, complete the work which can only be completed by partial large model experiments in a simple and fast manner, realize the simulation of water injection or gas injection development and adjustment of a heterogeneous reservoir, and provide a reliable basis for formulating a development scheme and predicting a development effect for an actual oil reservoir.
In the application No.: 201611141594.3, which relates to a physical simulation experiment device for horizontal well development of complex fractured reservoir, comprises a simulation shaft, a simulation reservoir I, a simulation reservoir II, an injection system I and an injection system II; the simulation oil reservoir I and the simulation oil reservoir II are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the simulation shaft and respectively comprise five fractured cores with different fracture parameters. The invention also relates to an experimental method, which comprises the following steps: respectively putting fractured cores into each core holder of the two simulated oil reservoirs; and carrying out a water flooding process on the fractured rock core, respectively monitoring the flow conductivity, the oil saturation and the pressure of the outlet end of the fractured rock core in real time through a corresponding flowmeter, a saturation probe and a pressure sensor, and monitoring the oil production and water production conditions of the outlet end of the simulated shaft in real time through an oil-water metering device. The method can only simulate the horizontal well plane one-dimensional flow process of a part of plane and interlayer heterogeneity (heterogeneous parallel relation) oil reservoirs, and cannot simulate the radial heterogeneity (heterogeneous series relation) of the oil reservoirs and the radial flow process of a near well region of a vertical well. Meanwhile, the experimental method disclosed by the patent can only simulate the original oil distribution before reservoir development, can not realize the simulation of the residual oil distribution in a certain development stage of an oil reservoir, and can not realize the plugging profile control simulation in a certain specific area in the development process.
In the application No.: 201410642984, the system comprises an injection system, a model system, an output system and an image collection and analysis system, the injection system has a power source to provide a displacement thermal fluid, the model system receives the displacement thermal fluid provided by the injection system, and applies and controls the surrounding ring pressure of the micro model by inert gas to carry out the displacement experiment of the thermal fluid on the thick oil, the output system receives the output liquid after the displacement experiment and keeps certain back pressure, the image collection and analysis system carries out dynamic observation and shooting on the micro displacement process, and the research on the micro seepage characteristics and the displacement mechanism is carried out. The microscopic displacement experimental study in the patent can not simulate the macroscopic heterogeneity of a reservoir stratum, can not be used for researching the macroscopic sweep law of fluid and can not simulate the plugging and profile control measures in development aiming at a specific point in an oil reservoir. Image analysis can only carry out qualitative mechanism research, and a reliable quantitative metering means is lacked.
Therefore, a novel heterogeneous oil reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment device and method are invented, and the technical problems are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simulation experiment device and a simulation experiment method for developing and adjusting heterogeneous oil reservoirs, which can realize the simulation of water injection or gas injection development and adjustment of various heterogeneous oil reservoirs, can analyze the residual oil distribution before and after the simulation development, and provide reliable basis for formulating development schemes and predicting development effects of actual oil reservoirs.
The object of the invention can be achieved by the following technical measures: the heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment device comprises an injection system, a discrete model system, an extraction metering system and a data acquisition and test system, wherein the injection system provides displacement fluid; the inlet of the discrete model system is connected with the injection system, the outlet of the discrete model system is connected with the production metering system, the discrete model system internally comprises a plurality of rock core holders, and rock cores or sand filling models with different physical properties are filled in the plurality of rock core holders of a specific type so as to carry out a displacement simulation experiment; the production metering system performs gas-liquid separation and yield metering of produced fluid; the data acquisition and test system is connected to each connecting point of the discrete model system, records pressure, saturation and temperature data of each point of the model in the experimental process, and analyzes the data in real time through a computer.
The object of the invention can also be achieved by the following technical measures:
the injection system comprises a high-pressure displacement pump and a high-pressure intermediate container, wherein the high-pressure displacement pump provides displacement power for a displacement simulation experiment and is connected with the high-pressure intermediate container; the high-pressure intermediate container is filled with displacement fluid to simulate formation water and CO2And is connected with the discrete model system inlet.
The discrete model system comprises an injection well model, a production well model and a plurality of discrete interwell models, wherein the injection well model is filled by using a radial flow holder, a radial heterogeneous model for simulating the physical property of a near well region of a reservoir injection well is filled in the radial flow holder, and an outlet of the injection well model is connected with the discrete interwell models; the discrete interwell models are filled by using a tubular core holder, the physical properties of cores or sand filling models filled in the tubular core holder refer to the physical properties of heterogeneous reservoirs among injection wells and production wells in a research area, each discrete interwell model represents one part of the research area, and the integral outlets of the discrete interwell models are connected with the production well model; the production well model is filled by a radial flow holder, a radial heterogeneous model for simulating the physical property of a near well region of the oil reservoir production well is filled in the holder, and an outlet of the production well model is connected with the production metering system.
The multiple discrete interwell models connected with the injection and production ends form a serial relation, the inlet of the serial section is connected with one production end of the injection well model, the outlet of the serial section is connected with one injection end of the production well model, the serial section forms a branch of the heterogeneous model, the physical property difference of different discrete interwell models on the same branch simulates the intrastratal heterogeneity of the reservoir, different branches connected with different outlets of the injection well model and the production well model are in a parallel relation, and the physical property difference of different branches simulates the intrastratal heterogeneity of the reservoir.
The production metering system comprises a return pressure control valve, a gas-liquid separator and a gas-liquid metering device, wherein the return pressure control valve is connected with an outlet of the production well model to control the bottom pressure of the production well, the gas-liquid separator and the gas-liquid metering device are connected behind the return pressure control valve in sequence, the gas-liquid separator performs gas-liquid separation on produced fluid, and the gas-liquid metering device meters the produced gas amount and the produced liquid amount.
The data acquisition and test system records pressure, saturation and temperature data of each point of the model in the displacement simulation process, transmits the data to a computer for real-time analysis, and can perform CT and nuclear magnetic resonance scanning on each model in the discrete model system after the displacement simulation is finished to analyze the distribution of residual oil.
The data acquisition and test system comprises a pressure sensor, a resistivity sensor, a temperature sensor, a CT scanner, a nuclear magnetic resonance tester and a computer, wherein the pressure sensor, the resistivity sensor and the temperature sensor are connected to each connecting point of the discrete model system and used for recording pressure, saturation and temperature data of each point of the discrete model system in the experimental process and transmitting the data to the computer for real-time analysis, the CT scanner and the nuclear magnetic resonance tester are independent parts, and residual oil analysis is carried out on a single model in the discrete model system after displacement simulation.
The object of the invention can also be achieved by the following technical measures: the heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment method adopts a heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment device, and comprises the following steps: step 1, performing heterogeneous reservoir simulation by adopting a discrete model system; 2, simulating reservoir fluid according to the simulated real reservoir conditions; step 3, carrying out development and adjustment simulation; and 4, carrying out fluid saturation distribution test.
The object of the invention can also be achieved by the following technical measures:
the step 1 comprises the following steps:
sa 1: simplifying the physical property distribution of the actual heterogeneous oil reservoir to be used as the physical property distribution of an experimental model; the physical property of each discrete well-to-well model is replaced by the average physical property of the simulated area unit;
sa 2: and filling each core or sand filling model into the corresponding core holder.
The step 2 comprises the following steps:
sb 1: calculating initial oil saturation distribution of an experimental model according to simulated real reservoir conditions, wherein the real reservoir conditions refer to fluid distribution of a real reservoir, and are original oil distribution before reservoir development or residual oil distribution in a certain development stage;
sb 2: disconnecting the injection well model, the extraction well model and the discrete inter-well models, connecting the injection end of each model with injection equipment, and connecting the extraction end with a gas-liquid flowmeter;
sb 3: configuring stratum crude oil or simulated oil or oil-water mixture with different proportions according to the calculated initial oil saturation distribution of the experimental model; slowly injecting corresponding compound solution into each model, and at least saturating more than 5PV to achieve full saturation;
sb 4: and after saturation, connecting the models again according to the preset sequence.
The step 3 comprises the following steps:
sc 1: after the discrete model systems are connected according to a certain sequence, connecting an inlet of the discrete model system with an injection system, wherein the injection fluid is gas or liquid; the outlet is connected with the gas-liquid flowmeter, and a back pressure control system can be connected in front of the gas-liquid flowmeter according to requirements to realize the control of outlet pressure;
sc 2: opening an injection system, carrying out a displacement experiment, and recording the oil-gas-water produced quantity and the pressure, resistivity and temperature changes of each node in the experiment process;
sc 3: when the high-permeability branch has the cross flow, closing a switch connected with an injection well model and the high-permeability branch to simulate the blocking of a simulated oil reservoir high-permeability strip, and continuously recording the oil-gas-water extraction amount and the pressure change of each node in the experimental process;
sc 4: and (4) when the water content reaches 98%, closing the injection system and terminating the displacement experiment.
Step 4 comprises the following steps:
sd 1: disconnecting the connection between the models;
sd 2: respectively carrying out resistivity test, acoustic test, CT scanning or nuclear magnetic resonance scanning on each model according to the type of the fluid used in the displacement experiment to determine the distribution of the residual oil, wherein if the fluid does not contain gas phase, the acoustic test is not needed;
sd 3: and processing the data and the images obtained by scanning the single model by a computer, and combining the data and the images according to the positions of the data and the images to obtain the residual oil distribution after the displacement of the whole discrete model system.
The heterogeneous oil reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment method further comprises the step 4 of respectively injecting petroleum ether into each model for cleaning, taking the petroleum ether out of the corresponding core holder, and reusing the petroleum ether in the next experiment.
The invention relates to a heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment device and a method, in particular to the research of the seepage and development process of a heterogeneous reservoir in the field of oil and gas field development; and is also applicable to other research fields related to the multi-phase seepage phenomenon in porous media.
The experimental device consists of an injection system, a discrete model system, an extraction metering system and a data acquisition and test system; wherein the injection system consists of a high-pressure displacement pump, an intermediate container and the like, and is used for providing displacement fluid; the discrete model system is characterized in that an inlet of the discrete model system is connected with the injection system, an outlet of the discrete model system is connected with the production metering system, the discrete model system consists of an injection well model, a production well model and a plurality of discrete inter-well models, rock cores or sand filling models with different physical properties are filled in the rock core holder of a specific type and are connected in a certain sequence, and the connection sequence relationship depends on the mutual position relationship among all small layers; the production metering system is connected with an outlet of the discrete model system, consists of a back pressure control valve, a gas-liquid separator and a gas-liquid metering device, and is used for gas-liquid separation and yield metering of the produced liquid; the discrete model system is connected with the injection system and the extraction metering system to form a complete displacement system; the data acquisition and test system is connected with each node of the displacement system, comprises a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a resistivity sensor, a computer and the like, and can also comprise CT scanning and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging equipment and is used for measuring the distribution change of pressure, temperature and saturation in the experimental process in real time. The simulation of the heterogeneous reservoir is achieved by a discrete model system. Before the fluid is saturated, disconnecting the models, respectively saturating the corresponding compound formation oil or simulation oil or oil-water mixture for each model, and then connecting the models according to a preset sequence after the saturation is finished; in the displacement experiment, independent injection and plugging profile control simulation of different small layers can be realized by adjusting switches connected with different models; and after the displacement simulation experiment is finished, disconnecting the different models, respectively carrying out fluid saturation test on each model, and obtaining the residual oil distribution of the model after the displacement is finished.
The invention can complete the simulation experiment of the development and adjustment of the heterogeneous oil reservoir, realize the simulation of the development and adjustment process of water injection or gas injection of the heterogeneous oil reservoir, analyze the residual oil distribution before and after the simulation development, and provide reliable basis for the formulation of the development scheme and the prediction of the development effect of the actual oil reservoir.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a radial heterogeneous injection well model of one embodiment of the heterogeneous reservoir development and conditioning simulation experiment apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a radial heterogeneous production well model of an embodiment of the heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation experimental apparatus according to the present invention.
In fig. 1, 1 is a high-pressure displacement pump, 2 is a high-pressure intermediate container, 3 is an injection well model, 4 is a discrete interwell model, 5 is a branch of a discrete model system, 6 is an extraction well model, 7 is a switch and various sensors, 8 is a gas-liquid separator, 9 is a gas flowmeter, and 10 is a liquid flowmeter. 3-7 to form a discrete model system, and the discrete model system is placed in a constant temperature environment. In the schematic diagram, the injection well model and the production well model are provided with four production ends, the discrete model system is provided with four branches, and each branch is provided with four discrete interwell models.
Figure 2 is a block diagram of an injection well model of the present invention. The holder used for the injection well model is of a circular plate-shaped structure and comprises an injection end and a plurality of extraction ends, in the embodiment, four extraction ends. The holder is filled with a radial heterogeneous model, and the physical properties of the model refer to the physical properties of a reservoir layer in a near well region of a target reservoir injection well. In this embodiment, the model comprises three regions with different physical properties, namely a high permeability region and a permeability K1(ii) a A medium permeability zone with a permeability of K2(ii) a Low permeability zone, permeability of K3。
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a production well model of the present invention. The gripper used for the production well model is of a circular plate-shaped structure and comprises a plurality of injection ends, in this embodiment four injection ends and one production end. The holder is filled with a radial heterogeneous model, and the physical properties of the model refer to the physical properties of a reservoir layer of a target oil reservoir extraction well in a near well region. In this embodiment, the model comprises three regions with different physical properties, namely a high permeability region and a permeability K1(ii) a A medium permeability zone with a permeability of K2(ii) a Low permeability zone, permeability of K3。
As shown in fig. 1, a high-pressure displacement pump 1 provides displacement power for an experiment and is connected with a high-pressure intermediate container 2; the high-pressure intermediate container is filled with displacement fluid to simulate formation water and CO2Connected to an injection well model inlet; filling the injection well model by using a radial flow holder, filling a radial heterogeneous model for simulating the physical properties of a near well region of the oil reservoir injection well in the holder, and connecting an outlet with a plurality of discrete interwell models; a plurality of discrete interwell models are filled by using a tubular core holder, the physical properties of cores or sand filling models filled in the tubular core holder refer to the physical properties of heterogeneous reservoirs among injection wells and production wells of a research area, and each discrete interwell model represents a part of the research area. With injection-production ends connectedThe models among different discrete wells form a serial relation, the inlet of the serial section is connected with a certain extraction end of the injection well model, the outlet of the serial section is connected with a certain injection end of the extraction well, the serial section forms a branch of the heterogeneous model, and the physical property difference of the models among different discrete wells on the same branch simulates the intrastratal heterogeneity of the reservoir. Different branches connected with different outlets of the injection and production well model are in parallel connection, and the physical property difference of the different branches simulates the interlayer heterogeneity of the reservoir. And a switch and a flowmeter are connected between different branches. The integral outlet of the discrete inter-well model is connected with the production well model; the production well model is filled by using a radial flow clamper, a radial heterogeneous model for simulating the physical property of a near well region of the oil reservoir production well is filled in the clamper, and an outlet is connected with a production metering system; the extraction metering system consists of a back pressure control valve, a gas-liquid separator and a gas-liquid metering device, is used for gas-liquid separation and yield metering of the extracted liquid, and is also the last ring of the whole displacement device; the data acquisition and test system is composed of a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a resistivity sensor and the like, is connected with each node of the displacement device according to needs, and is used for recording the pressure, the temperature and the resistivity change of each node in the experimental process in real time and transmitting data to a computer for data analysis.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment method of the present invention. The heterogeneous oil reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment method comprises the following steps:
heterogeneous reservoir simulation
The simulation of the heterogeneous oil reservoir is realized by a discrete model system, and the discrete model system is formed by connecting an injection well model, a production well model and a plurality of discrete inter-well models according to a certain sequence.
Injection well models and production well models are packed using radial flow grippers. And the physical properties of a rock core or sand filling model filled in the radial flow gripper refer to the physical properties of a near-well region reservoir in a research area and are used for simulating the radial heterogeneity of the near-well region reservoir. The radial flow gripper is generally of a circular plate-shaped structure and is provided with an injection (extraction) end and a plurality of extraction (injection) ends, and the injection (extraction) end is positioned at the circle center of the circular structure of the radial flow gripper and is connected with an injection system; several extraction (injection) ends are equidistantly distributed on the circumferential surface of the circular structure of the radial flow holder, are connected with other discrete inter-well models, sensors and flow meters, are provided with switches and can be freely and selectively switched on or off.
Several discrete interwell models were separately loaded using tubular core holders. The physical properties of cores or sand filling models filled in the tubular core holder refer to the physical properties of heterogeneous reservoirs among injection wells and production wells in a research area, and each discrete inter-well model represents one part of the research area. The tubular core holder is generally a tubular structure and has an injection end and a production end. The injection end of a certain discrete interwell model can be connected with one extraction end of the injection well model and can also be connected with the extraction ends of other discrete interwell models; the production end can be connected with one injection end of the production well model and can also be connected with injection ends of other discrete well models. The series section forms a branch of the heterogeneous model, and the physical property difference of the different discrete interwell models on the same branch simulates the intrastratal heterogeneity of the reservoir. Different branches connected with different outlets of the injection and production well model are in parallel connection, and the physical property difference of the different branches simulates the interlayer heterogeneity of the reservoir. And a switch and a flowmeter are connected between different branches.
(II) reservoir fluid simulation
The existing conventional displacement experiment saturated fluid process often faces the problems of long saturation time, difficulty in full saturation and the like. The device and the method designed by the invention are used for carrying out experiments, can realize the full saturation of the fluid in the heterogeneous physical model in a short time, and can simulate the fluid distribution of the reservoir at any time according to the requirement, including the original oil-containing distribution of the reservoir and the residual oil distribution of a certain development stage. The specific implementation steps are as follows:
firstly, calculating initial oil saturation distribution of an experimental model according to simulated real reservoir conditions, wherein the real reservoir conditions refer to fluid distribution of a real reservoir, and the real reservoir conditions can be original oil distribution before reservoir development and residual oil distribution in a certain development stage; then disconnecting the injection well model, the extraction well model and the discrete inter-well models, connecting the injection end of each model with injection equipment, and connecting the extraction end with a gas-liquid flowmeter; configuring stratum crude oil or simulated oil or oil-water mixture with different proportions according to the calculated initial oil saturation distribution of the experimental model; slowly injecting corresponding compound solution into each model, and at least saturating more than 5PV to achieve full saturation; and after saturation, connecting the models again according to the preset sequence.
(III) development and tuning simulation
After the discrete model system is connected according to a certain sequence, the inlet of the discrete model system is connected with an injection system, generally a high-pressure displacement pump or a high-pressure gas cylinder, and the injection fluid can be gas or liquid. The outlet can be directly connected with the gas-liquid flowmeter, and can also be connected with a back pressure control system in front of the gas-liquid flowmeter according to requirements so as to realize the control of outlet pressure. The connection between different models all is equipped with switch, various sensor and flowmeter, and wherein sensor and flowmeter are used for monitoring pressure, temperature, resistivity change and fluid migration direction, speed etc. in the experimentation, and the switch is used for adjusting the fluid migration direction in the experiment. In the experiment, the independent injection and plugging profile control simulation of different small layers can be realized by adjusting switches connected with different models.
(IV) fluid saturation Profile test
After the displacement simulation experiment is finished, disconnecting the connection among the models; respectively carrying out fluid saturation distribution test on each model, and obtaining accurate gas-liquid saturation distribution of an injection well model, an extraction well model and any discrete interwell model by adopting methods such as resistivity test, acoustic test, nuclear magnetic resonance test and the like, wherein one of CT scanning and nuclear magnetic resonance scanning is selected under the general condition, and if the fluid does not contain a gas phase, the acoustic test is not needed; and obtaining the fluid saturation distribution of the whole heterogeneous oil reservoir physical model according to the positions of the different discrete well models, and calculating the sweep coefficient and the oil displacement efficiency of the displacement medium.
According to the method and the steps, the heterogeneous oil reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment can be completed, the simulation of the water injection or gas injection development and adjustment process of the heterogeneous oil reservoir is realized, the residual oil distribution before and after the simulation development can be analyzed, and a reliable basis is provided for formulating a development scheme and predicting the development effect of an actual oil reservoir.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the following steps are specifically implemented:
s1: and simplifying the physical property distribution of the actual heterogeneous oil reservoir to be used as the physical property distribution of the experimental model. The physical property of each discrete well-to-well model is replaced by the average physical property of the simulated region.
S2: and filling each core or sand filling model into the corresponding core holder.
S3: and calculating the oil saturation distribution of the simulated heterogeneous oil reservoir, and taking the oil saturation distribution as the initial oil saturation distribution of the experimental model.
S4: according to the initial oil saturation distribution of the experimental model calculated in the S3, configuring simulated oil and oil-water mixtures with different water saturations; and (3) slowly injecting the corresponding compound solution into each model respectively, wherein the compound solution is at least saturated by more than 5PV so as to achieve full saturation.
S5: and connecting the injection well model, the production well model and each discrete well model according to a preset sequence, and connecting the injection well model, the production well model and each discrete well model with an injection system and a production metering system.
S6: and carrying out a displacement experiment, and recording the oil-gas-water produced quantity and the pressure and temperature changes of each node in the experiment process.
S7: and when the high-permeability branch has the cross flow, closing a switch connected with the injection well model and the high-permeability branch, realizing the simulation of simulating the blocking of the high-permeability strip of the oil reservoir, and continuously recording the oil-gas-water extraction amount and the pressure change of each node in the experimental process.
S8: and (5) when the water content reaches 98%, terminating the displacement experiment and disconnecting the connection among the models.
S9: and respectively carrying out fluid saturation measurement and distribution tests on each model, and selecting methods such as resistivity tests, sound wave tests, nuclear magnetic resonance tests and the like according to the types of the fluids.
S10: and obtaining the multi-phase fluid saturation distribution of the whole heterogeneous experimental model according to the positions of the different models, and calculating the sweep coefficient and the oil displacement efficiency of the displacement medium.
S11: and respectively injecting petroleum ether into each model for cleaning, taking out the petroleum ether from the corresponding core holder, and preparing for the next experiment.
The invention relates to a novel physical simulation experimental device and a method in porous medium seepage research, in particular to research on the seepage and the development process of a non-homogeneous oil reservoir in the field of oil and gas field development; and is also applicable to other research fields related to the multi-phase seepage phenomenon in porous media.
Claims (13)
1. The heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment device is characterized by comprising an injection system, a discrete model system, an extraction metering system and a data acquisition and test system, wherein the injection system provides displacement fluid; the inlet of the discrete model system is connected with the injection system, the outlet of the discrete model system is connected with the production metering system, the discrete model system internally comprises a plurality of rock core holders, and rock cores or sand filling models with different physical properties are filled in the plurality of rock core holders of a specific type so as to carry out a displacement simulation experiment; the production metering system performs gas-liquid separation and yield metering of produced fluid; the data acquisition and test system is connected to each connecting point of the discrete model system, records pressure, saturation and temperature data of each point of the model in the experimental process, and analyzes the data in real time through a computer.
2. The heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment device of claim 1, wherein the injection system comprises a high pressure displacement pump, a high pressure intermediate vessel, the high pressure displacement pump providing displacement power for the displacement simulation experiment and being connected to the high pressure intermediate vessel; the high pressure intermediateThe displacement fluid is filled in the container to simulate formation water and CO2And is connected with the discrete model system inlet.
3. The heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation experimental facility of claim 1, wherein the discrete model system comprises an injection well model, a production well model, and a plurality of discrete interwell models, the injection well model being loaded using a radial flow holder, the radial flow holder being loaded with a radial heterogeneous model that simulates the physical properties of a near-well region of the reservoir injection well, the outlet of the injection well model being connected to the plurality of discrete interwell models; the discrete interwell models are filled by using a tubular core holder, the physical properties of cores or sand filling models filled in the tubular core holder refer to the physical properties of heterogeneous reservoirs among injection wells and production wells in a research area, each discrete interwell model represents one part of the research area, and the integral outlets of the discrete interwell models are connected with the production well model; the production well model is filled by a radial flow holder, a radial heterogeneous model for simulating the physical property of a near well region of the oil reservoir production well is filled in the holder, and an outlet of the production well model is connected with the production metering system.
4. The heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment device according to claim 3, wherein the discrete well models connected at the injection and production ends form a series connection relationship, the inlet of the series connection section is connected with one production end of the injection well model, the outlet of the series connection section is connected with one injection end of the production well model, the series connection section forms a branch of the heterogeneous model, the physical property difference of different discrete well models on the same branch simulates the intraformational heterogeneity of the reservoir, the different branches connected with different outlets of the injection well model and the production well model are in a parallel connection relationship, and the physical property difference of different branches simulates the intraformational heterogeneity of the reservoir.
5. The heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment device of claim 3, wherein the production metering system comprises a back pressure control valve, a gas-liquid separator and a gas-liquid metering device, the back pressure control valve is connected with the outlet of the production well model to control the bottom pressure of the production well, the gas-liquid separator and the gas-liquid metering device are connected behind the back pressure control valve in sequence, the gas-liquid separator performs gas-liquid separation on the produced fluid, and the gas-liquid metering device meters the produced gas and liquid amounts.
6. The heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation experimental apparatus of claim 1, wherein the data acquisition and testing system records pressure, saturation, and temperature data of each point of the model during the displacement simulation, transmits the data to a computer for real-time analysis, and performs CT and nmr scanning on each model in the discrete model system after the displacement simulation is completed to analyze the remaining oil distribution.
7. The heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment device of claim 6, wherein the data collection and testing system comprises a pressure sensor, a resistivity sensor, a temperature sensor, a CT scanner, a NMR tester and the computer, the pressure sensor, the resistivity sensor and the temperature sensor are connected to each connection point of the discrete model system for recording pressure, saturation and temperature data of each point of the discrete model system during the experiment process and transmitting the data to the computer for real-time analysis, the CT scanner and the NMR tester are independent components, and the single model in the discrete model system is analyzed for residual oil after displacement simulation.
8. The heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment method, characterized in that the heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment method employs the heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment device of claim 1, comprising:
step 1, performing heterogeneous reservoir simulation by adopting a discrete model system;
2, simulating reservoir fluid according to the simulated real reservoir conditions;
step 3, carrying out development and adjustment simulation;
and 4, carrying out fluid saturation distribution test.
9. The heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment method of claim 8, wherein step 1 comprises:
sa 1: simplifying the physical property distribution of the actual heterogeneous oil reservoir to be used as the physical property distribution of an experimental model; the physical property of each discrete well-to-well model is replaced by the average physical property of the simulated area unit;
sa 2: and filling each core or sand filling model into the corresponding core holder.
10. The heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment method of claim 8, wherein step 2 comprises:
sb 1: calculating initial oil saturation distribution of an experimental model according to simulated real reservoir conditions, wherein the real reservoir conditions refer to fluid distribution of a real reservoir, and are original oil distribution before reservoir development or residual oil distribution in a certain development stage;
sb 2: disconnecting the injection well model, the extraction well model and the discrete inter-well models, connecting the injection end of each model with injection equipment, and connecting the extraction end with a gas-liquid flowmeter;
sb 3: configuring stratum crude oil or simulated oil or oil-water mixture with different proportions according to the calculated initial oil saturation distribution of the experimental model; slowly injecting corresponding compound solution into each model, and at least saturating more than 5PV to achieve full saturation;
sb 4: and after saturation, connecting the models again according to the preset sequence.
11. The heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment method of claim 8, wherein step 3 comprises:
sc 1: after the discrete model systems are connected according to a certain sequence, connecting an inlet of the discrete model system with an injection system, wherein the injection fluid is gas or liquid; the outlet is connected with the gas-liquid flowmeter, and a return pressure control valve can be connected in front of the gas-liquid flowmeter according to requirements to realize the control of outlet pressure;
sc 2: opening an injection system, carrying out a displacement experiment, and recording the oil-gas-water produced quantity and the pressure, resistivity and temperature changes of each node in the experiment process;
sc 3: when the high-permeability branch has the cross flow, closing a switch connected with an injection well model and the high-permeability branch to simulate the blocking of a simulated oil reservoir high-permeability strip, and continuously recording the oil-gas-water extraction amount and the pressure change of each node in the experimental process;
sc 4: and (4) when the water content reaches 98%, closing the injection system and terminating the displacement experiment.
12. The heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment method of claim 8, wherein step 4 comprises:
sd 1: disconnecting the connection between the models;
sd 2: respectively carrying out resistivity test, acoustic test, CT scanning or nuclear magnetic resonance scanning on each model according to the type of the fluid used in the displacement experiment to determine the distribution of the residual oil, wherein if the fluid does not contain gas phase, the acoustic test is not needed;
sd 3: and processing the data and the images obtained by scanning the single model by a computer, and combining the data and the images according to the positions of the data and the images to obtain the residual oil distribution after the displacement of the whole discrete model system.
13. The heterogeneous reservoir development and adjustment simulation experiment method of claim 8, further comprising, after step 4, cleaning each model by injecting petroleum ether and removing it from the corresponding core holder, wherein the next experiment can be reused.
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