CN114016900A - Cement paste hole sealing retaining wall process for drilling gravel soil layer - Google Patents
Cement paste hole sealing retaining wall process for drilling gravel soil layer Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 180
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000002633 protecting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001074085 Scophthalmus aquosus Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D5/00—Lining shafts; Linings therefor
- E21D5/04—Lining shafts; Linings therefor with brick, concrete, stone, or similar building materials
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cement slurry hole sealing and wall protecting process for drilling a gravel soil layer, which comprises the following steps of firstly, construction preparation; secondly, one-time drilling operation: after the drill rig is leveled, drilling, and when the composite bit drills into a crushed stone section 0.5-1 m below, the drill rig pulls out the drill and takes out the core; preparing cement grout: preparing cement mortar and an accelerating agent into cement grouting for later use according to the mass ratio of 8.5: 1.5-2; grouting in the holes: slowly drilling a grouting drill bit to the bottom of the hole at the bottom of the gravel layer, and injecting cement grout into the drilled hole by using a water pump; fourthly, detecting the quality; adopting the suspended wave velocity logging instrument to carry out single-hole shear wave velocity test, secondary drilling operation: and after the single-hole shear wave velocity test is qualified, continuously solidifying the cement grouting in the drill hole for 12-24 hours, and then performing secondary drilling by using a diamond drill bit. The invention not only ensures the engineering quality and the construction progress, but also reduces the construction difficulty, improves the construction efficiency and saves the construction cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building construction, and particularly relates to a cement paste hole sealing and wall protecting process for drilling a gravel soil layer.
Background
The building foundation is a foundation for building construction, the quality of the foundation is related to the stability of the building, in the process of building the building foundation, in order to improve the stability of a soil layer, a plurality of foundation piles are required to be uniformly poured in the foundation, and in order to facilitate the pouring of the foundation piles, a drilling device is required to be used for drilling the foundation soil layer in advance. In the process of drilling the foundation, because partial broken stone soil layers can be contained in the soil layers of partial foundation, the foundation of the partial broken stone soil layers is easy to cause the phenomena of soil collapse, water leakage and slurry leakage seriously when the drilling operation is carried out, thereby influencing the normal drilling operation and having certain use defects. At present, in order to prevent the soil of a gravel soil layer from collapsing and influencing the subsequent drilling operation, in the drilling process, the drilling is generally protected by adopting a grouting wall protection method to ensure the pouring quality of a drilling foundation column, in the prior art, the conventional wall protection method of drilling in the gravel soil layer is a follow-up drilling method, the follow-up drilling method is to successively lower a wall protection pipe to the bottom of the gravel soil layer in the drilling process to isolate gravel soil and prevent collapse, the method finds that the wall protection pipe needs to be lowered to a specified depth by adopting a hammering method in the using process, the construction speed is slow, the construction safety is poor, the wall protection pipe is easy to damage, in addition, if the depth of the gravel soil layer is thick, a double-layer wall protection sleeve pipe is generally needed to be adopted and is limited by the depth, the sleeve is difficult to be lowered and pulled up, and a large amount of manpower is consumed, Weak strength and influence the quality of the subsequent grouting retaining wall. Therefore, it is an objective need to develop a cement slurry hole sealing retaining wall process for drilling a gravel soil layer, which is simple in method and use, can effectively reduce the construction cost, can also effectively improve the construction efficiency and has a better retaining wall effect.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art, the invention aims to provide the cement slurry hole sealing and wall protecting process for drilling the gravel soil layer, which is simple to use, can effectively reduce the construction cost, can also effectively improve the construction efficiency and has a better wall protecting effect.
The invention relates to a cement slurry hole sealing and wall protecting process for drilling a gravel soil layer, which comprises the following steps of:
firstly, construction preparation: cleaning a construction site, driving a drilling machine to a hole site to be constructed, and aligning the center of the composite sheet drill bit with the center of a hole to be drilled on the site to guide the hole;
secondly, one-time drilling operation: the drilling machine is leveled and then drilled, when the composite bit drills to the depth of 5m, the perpendicularity deviation of the drilled hole is rechecked, drilling is continued after the composite bit is qualified, in the process of rotating the composite bit, the pressure of the drilled hole is controlled to be 5.0-8.0 Mpa, the rotating speed is controlled to be 200-300 r/min, the pump capacity is controlled to be 50-60L/min, the return footage is controlled to be 0.8-1.20 m, and when the composite bit drills to be 0.5-1 m below the gravel layer section, the drilling machine is started to drill and take out the rock core;
preparing cement grout: firstly, preparing cement mortar and an accelerating agent which are prepared in advance according to the mass ratio of 8.5: 1.5-2 to prepare cement grouting for later use, wherein the strength of the cement mortar is M5;
grouting in the holes: after the drilling machine is started to drill and take out the rock core, the composite sheet drill bit on the drilling machine is taken down, the grouting drill bit is replaced, the grouting drill bit is slowly drilled to the bottom of the gravel layer, then the cement grout prepared in the third step is injected into the drilled hole by using the water pump, so that the gravel section in the drilled hole is filled with the cement grout, the grouting pressure of the water pump is controlled to be 0.5-0.6 Mpa, the grouting time is controlled to be 20-30 min, after the water pump grouting is finished for 5-6 min, the drilling machine is started at a low speed in a rotating mode, and the rotating speed of the drilling machine is controlled to be 110-120 r/min;
quality detection: after a grouting drill bit of the drilling machine starts drilling, carrying out single-hole shear wave velocity test on a drilled hole by adopting a suspended wave velocity logging instrument according to the principle of 0.8-1 m/measuring point, and then judging whether a grouting section of a gravel layer is filled with cement slurry or not according to the wave velocity;
secondary drilling operation: after the single-hole shear wave velocity test in the drilling hole is qualified, the cement grouting in the drilling hole is continuously solidified for 12-24 hours, then the grouting drill bit of the drilling machine is taken down, the diamond bit is replaced, the diameter of the diamond bit is smaller than that of the composite sheet drill bit, the diamond bit is reused for secondary drilling of the solidified cement slurry, and after the diamond bit is secondarily drilled to the original hole depth, the drilling machine takes out the solidified cement slurry after drilling.
The invention better solves the technical problems of serious water leakage and slurry leakage of the gravel layer and easy collapse of the hole wall, does not adopt high-quality cement slurry and a pipe-following wall protection technology, and has lower construction cost. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: firstly, in the drilling operation process, the drilling depth can be effectively ensured by reasonably controlling the technical parameters such as the drilling pressure, the rotating speed and the like, and the phenomenon of soil layer collapse can be prevented to a certain extent; secondly, after one-time drilling operation, the specially developed cement grouting is used for grouting the protecting wall, and then the cement grouting is extruded by the drilling action force of the grouting drill bit and then attached to the gravel soil layer, so that a reinforcing layer with certain strength is formed on the inner wall of the drilled hole to play a role in protecting the hole wall, and the good effects of preventing collapse and stopping leakage of the gravel soil layer are achieved. In conclusion, the cement grouting hole sealing and leaking stoppage wall protection process not only ensures the engineering quality and the construction progress, but also reduces the construction difficulty, improves the construction efficiency, saves the construction cost, can generate good social and economic benefits, and is easy to popularize and use.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In this embodiment 1, a high-rise building foundation structure with a layer height of 33 layers in a newly-built cell in fumin county is taken as an example for implementation. The stratum structure of the community is characterized in that 25-30 m of gravels with strong permeability are distributed in a covering layer, a foundation rock is limestone with medium development in karst, the stratum structure is complex, the upper part of the covering layer is plastic-hard plastic cohesive soil with the thickness of about 7-10 m, gravels in the gravels form cobbles with the medium gravel diameter of 30-200 mm, the content of the cobbles accounts for about 55-75%, the stratum has high water permeability, water leakage and slurry leakage are serious during drilling, hole walls are easy to collapse, the foundation rock is limestone with medium development in the karst, water leakage is serious, exploration technical requirements are required to enter complete bedrocks to be not less than 10m of final holes, and the technical requirements bring great challenges to drilling construction. After research and investigation, the construction process adopted in this example 1 is as follows:
firstly, construction preparation: cleaning a construction site, driving a drilling machine to a hole site to be constructed, and aligning the center of the composite sheet drill bit with the center of a hole to be drilled on the site to guide the hole;
secondly, one-time drilling operation: the drilling machine is leveled and then drilled, when the composite bit drills to the depth of 5m, the perpendicularity deviation of a hole is rechecked, the composite bit is drilled continuously after being qualified by using a large-caliber composite bit with the diameter of 110-127 mm, in the process of forwarding, in order to ensure the coring quality and the drilling quality, drilling parameters follow the principle of low pressure, medium drilling speed and small pump amount, the aim is to achieve stable drilling speed, specifically, the drilling pressure is controlled to be 5.0Mpa, the rotating speed is controlled to be 200r/min, the pump amount is controlled to be 50L/min, the return footage is controlled to be 0.8m, when the composite bit drills to be 0.5m below a crushed stone section, the drilling machine starts to drill and takes out a rock core, because the pressure is too high, the rock core blocking phenomenon easily occurs, the rotating speed is too high, the rock core is easily collapsed due to too high pump amount, the drilling difficulty is caused by the washout of the rock core, the coring quality is reduced, when drilling, if a core is plugged, immediately drilling, and slowly drilling, so that a large suction effect is prevented from being generated in a hole, the slurry is strongly agitated, and the hole wall collapses, when no vibration or jumping is sensed in the drilling process, the rock core is taken out by drilling, wherein the rock core penetrates through a gravel soil layer, and when the rock core enters an underlying bedrock by about 0.5-1 m;
preparing cement grout: firstly, cement mortar and a setting accelerator which are prepared in advance are prepared into cement grout for standby according to the mass ratio of 8.5:1.5, the strength of the cement mortar is M5, the cement mortar is prepared by mixing cement, medium sand and water, the mass ratio of the cement, the medium sand and the water is 1:6.3:1.28, the cement in the cement mortar is low in price, the material source is wide, the material source is high, the cementing strength is high, the plugging material is a plugging material with good effect, different grout can effectively cement crack rock on the hole wall under different conditions, the hole is blocked, leakage passages of crack rock strata are blocked, the cement mortar can be injected by a pump or can be sent into the hole by a special injector for mixing, if the hole is drilled shallowly, the cement can be made into a cement ball to be put into the hole, when the groundwater activity is strong, the cement can be made into a quick-drying cement ball or filled into a plastic bag by mixing the setting accelerator or other inert materials, the method comprises the steps of putting or feeding a core tube into a hole section needing to be closed from an orifice, extruding the hole section into a crack by a tamping method, continuously generating new cement additives such as quick-setting admixture, early strength admixture or retarder and the like with the increasing of cement varieties in China, and widening the application range of the cement hole-protecting and plugging method, wherein M5 cement mortar and an quick-setting admixture are adopted in the embodiment, are uniformly mixed and are injected into the hole section to be plugged by a water pump to solidify a hole wall, so that the anti-collapse and plugging purposes are achieved, furthermore, the quick-setting admixture is a mixture formed by mixing sulfate, formate and nitrate, the mass ratio of the sulfate, formate and nitrate is 1:1:0.8, most of the traditional quick-setting admixtures mainly comprise aluminate and carbonate, have high alkalinity, easily cause an aggregate reaction due to the existence of strong alkali, deteriorate the interface of foundation and slurry, and easily expand once absorbing water, the selected sulfate, formate and nitrate do not contain alkali and have a certain promotion effect on cement hydration, and after the sulfate, nitrate and formate are compounded for use, the compressive strength of the cement grout can be increased in a shorter time, so that the initial setting time of the cement grout is further shortened, the impact of slurry leakage can be resisted, and the phenomenon of drilling collapse is avoided;
grouting in the holes: after the drilling machine drills out and takes out the core, the composite sheet drill bit on the drilling machine is taken down, the grouting drill bit is replaced, the grouting drill bit is slowly drilled to the bottom of the gravel layer again, then the cement grout prepared in the third step is injected into the drilled hole by using a water pump, so that the gravel section in the drilled hole is filled with the cement grout, the grouting pressure of the water pump is controlled to be 0.5Mpa, the grouting time is controlled to be 20min, after the water pump finishes grouting for 5min, the drilling machine rotates at a low speed to drill, and the rotating drilling speed of the drilling machine is controlled to be 110 r/min;
quality detection: after a grouting drill bit of a drilling machine starts drilling, a suspended wave velocity logging instrument is adopted to carry out single-hole shear wave velocity test on a drilled hole according to the principle of 0.8 m/measuring point, the suspended wave velocity logging instrument adopts an XG-I suspended wave velocity logging instrument, the XG-I suspended wave velocity logging instrument is a structure used in the prior art, the using method and the measuring wave velocity are determined according to the description operation, and then whether a grouting section of a gravel layer is filled with cement slurry or not is judged according to the wave velocity;
secondary drilling operation: after the single hole shear wave speed test in the drilling is qualified, let the cement grout in the drilling continue to solidify 12 hours, through the slip casting processing, rubble soil layer has been sealed by cement grout in the drilling, need not worry again that collapse, fall the emergence of accidents such as piece, sticking drill, the normal drilling that can set one's mind at rest, later take off the slip casting drill bit of rig, change the diamond bit, the diameter of diamond bit is less than the diameter of compound piece drill bit, recycles the diamond bit and carries out secondary drilling to the grout after solidifying, the diameter 91mm of diamond bit, the control parameter of secondary drilling: in the process of the drilling machine rotating, the pressure of a drilled hole is preferably 3-4 Mpa, the rotating speed of the drilling machine is controlled at 150r/min, the pump capacity is 30L/min, the drilling return footage is controlled at 0.8m, and after the diamond bit drills to the original hole depth for the second time, the drilling machine takes out solidified cement slurry after being pulled out.
The method for drilling and protecting the wall is simple and reasonable, the wall protecting method with the combination of drilling and cement grouting is adopted, the technical problems that the gravel layer is seriously leaked and the hole wall is very easy to collapse are solved by omitting the protecting pipe and the process for installing and taking out the protecting pipe, the construction quality and the construction progress are guaranteed, the construction difficulty is reduced, the construction efficiency is improved, the construction cost is saved, good social benefit and economic benefit can be generated, compared with the existing follow-up pipe wall protecting process, the construction period can be shortened by 30 days, the construction cost can be saved by 5 ten thousand yuan, and the construction efficiency is improved by 20%.
Example 2
In this embodiment 2, a foundation structure of a high-rise building with 55 stories in a newly-built cell is taken as an example to perform implementation operation. The stratum structure of the community is characterized in that 20-60 m of gravel soil is distributed in a covering layer, the particle size range of coarse particles in the gravel soil layer is 2-30 cm, and the construction process adopted in the embodiment 2 is as follows:
firstly, construction preparation: cleaning a construction site, driving a drilling machine to a hole site to be constructed, and aligning the center of the composite sheet drill bit with the center of a hole to be drilled on the site to guide the hole;
secondly, one-time drilling operation: the drilling machine is leveled and then drilled, when the composite bit drills to the depth of 5m, the perpendicularity deviation of the drilled hole is rechecked, the composite bit continues to drill after being qualified, in the process of the rotation of the composite bit, in order to ensure the coring quality and the drilling quality, the drilling parameters follow the principle of low pressure, medium drilling speed and small pump capacity, and the aim of achieving stable drilling speed is fulfilled, specifically, the drilling pressure is controlled at 6.5Mpa, the rotating speed is controlled at 250r/min, the pump capacity is controlled at 55L/min, the return footage is controlled at 1.0m, when the composite bit drills into the crushed stone layer section below 0.8m, the drilling machine starts to drill and takes out the rock core, because the pressure is too high, the rock core blocking phenomenon easily occurs, the rotating speed is too high, the collapse of the hole wall is easily caused, the rock core is damaged due to the too high pump capacity, the drilling quality is reduced, when the drilling, if the core is plugged, the drill is started immediately and the drill is started slowly, so that the phenomenon that the slurry is strongly agitated to cause the collapse of the hole wall due to the fact that a large suction effect is generated in the hole is avoided, when no vibration or jumping is sensed in the drilling process, the drill penetrates through a gravel soil layer, and when the drill enters an underlying bedrock by about 0.8m, the drill is started to take out the core;
preparing cement grout: firstly, cement mortar and a setting accelerator which are prepared in advance are prepared into cement grout for standby according to the mass ratio of 8.5:1.8, the strength of the cement mortar is M5, the cement mortar is prepared by mixing cement, medium sand and water, the mass ratio of the cement, the medium sand and the water is 1:6.6:1.35, the cement in the cement mortar is low in price, the material source is wide, the material source is high, the cementing strength is high, the plugging material is a plugging material with good effect, different grout can effectively cement crack rock on the hole wall under different conditions, the hole is blocked, leakage passages of crack rock strata are blocked, the cement mortar can be injected by a pump or can be sent into the hole by a special injector for mixing, if the hole is drilled shallowly, the cement can be made into a cement ball to be put into the hole, when the groundwater activity is strong, the cement can be made into a quick-drying cement ball or filled into a plastic bag by mixing the setting accelerator or other inert materials, the method comprises the steps of putting or feeding a core tube into a hole section needing to be closed from an orifice, extruding the hole section into a crack by a tamping method, continuously generating new cement additives such as quick-setting admixture, early strength admixture or retarder and the like along with the increase of cement varieties in China, and gradually widening the application range of the cement hole-protecting and plugging method, wherein M5 cement mortar and an quick-setting admixture are adopted in the embodiment, are uniformly mixed and then are injected into the hole section to be plugged by a water pump, and the hole wall is solidified, so that the anti-collapse and plugging purposes are achieved, furthermore, the quick-setting admixture is a mixture formed by mixing sulfate, formate and nitrate, the mass ratio of the sulfate, formate and nitrate is 1:1.5:1.0, most of the traditional quick-setting admixtures mainly comprise aluminate and carbonate, have high alkalinity, and easily cause alkali reaction due to the existence of strong alkali, so that the interface of a foundation and slurry is degraded, and is easy to expand once water is absorbed, the selected sulfate, formate and nitrate do not contain alkali and have a certain promotion effect on cement hydration, and after the sulfate, nitrate and formate are compounded for use, the compressive strength of the cement grout can be increased in a shorter time, so that the initial setting time of the cement grout is further shortened, the impact of slurry leakage can be resisted, and the phenomenon of drilling collapse is avoided;
grouting in the holes: after the drilling machine drills out and takes out the core, the composite sheet drill bit on the drilling machine is taken down, the grouting drill bit is replaced, the grouting drill bit is slowly drilled to the bottom of the gravel layer again, then the cement grout prepared in the third step is injected into the drilled hole by using a water pump, so that the gravel section in the drilled hole is filled with the cement grout, the grouting pressure of the water pump is controlled to be 0.55Mpa, the grouting time is controlled to be 25min, after the water pump finishes grouting for 6min, the drilling machine rotates at a low speed to drill, and the rotating drilling speed of the drilling machine is controlled to be 115 r/min;
quality detection: after a grouting drill bit of a drilling machine starts drilling, a suspended wave velocity logging instrument is adopted to carry out single-hole shear wave velocity test on a drilled hole according to the principle of 0.9 m/measuring point, the suspended wave velocity logging instrument adopts an XG-I suspended wave velocity logging instrument, the XG-I suspended wave velocity logging instrument is a structure used in the prior art, the using method and the measuring wave velocity are determined according to the description operation, and then whether a grouting section of a gravel layer is filled with cement slurry or not is judged according to the wave velocity;
secondary drilling operation: after the single hole shear wave speed test in the drilling is qualified, let the cement grout in the drilling continue to solidify 20 hours, through the slip casting processing, rubble soil layer has been sealed by cement grout in the drilling, need not worry again that collapse, fall the emergence of accidents such as piece, card brill, the normal drilling that can set one's mind at rest, the slip casting drill bit of rig is taken off later, changes the diamond bit, the diameter of diamond bit is less than the diameter of compound piece drill bit, recycles the diamond bit and carries out secondary drilling, the control parameter of secondary drilling to the grout after solidifying: in the process of drilling by the drilling machine, the pressure of a drilled hole is preferably 3.5Mpa, the rotating speed of the drilling machine is controlled at 180r/min, the pump capacity is 35L/min, the drilling depth is controlled at 0.9m, and after the diamond bit is drilled to the original hole depth for the second time, the drilling machine takes out the solidified cement slurry after being pulled out.
The method for drilling and protecting the wall is simple and reasonable, the wall protecting method with the combination of drilling and cement grouting is adopted, the technical problems that the gravel layer is seriously leaked and the hole wall is very easy to collapse are solved by omitting the protecting pipe and the process for installing and taking out the protecting pipe, the construction quality and the construction progress are guaranteed, the construction difficulty is reduced, the construction efficiency is improved, the construction cost is saved, good social benefit and economic benefit can be generated, compared with the existing follow-up pipe wall protecting process, the construction period can be shortened by 25 days, the construction cost can be saved by 3.5 ten thousand yuan, and the construction efficiency is improved by 25%.
Example 3
In this embodiment 3, a high-rise building foundation structure with 25 floors higher than a newly-built cell in wudingxian is taken as an example for implementation. The stratum structure of the community is characterized in that 15-40 m of gravels are distributed in a foundation, an underlying bedrock is a karst medium-development limestone, the particle size range of coarse particles in the gravels is 5-30 cm, a hole wall is very easy to collapse during drilling, and after research and investigation, the construction process adopted in the embodiment 3 is as follows:
firstly, construction preparation: cleaning a construction site, driving a drilling machine to a hole site to be constructed, and aligning the center of the composite sheet drill bit with the center of a hole to be drilled on the site to guide the hole;
secondly, one-time drilling operation: the drilling machine is leveled and then drills, when the composite bit drills to the depth of 5m, the perpendicularity deviation of the open hole is rechecked, the composite bit continues to drill after being qualified, in the process of the rotation of the composite bit, in order to ensure the coring quality and the drilling quality, the drilling parameters follow the principle of low pressure, medium drilling speed and small pump capacity, and the aim of achieving stable drilling speed is fulfilled, specifically, the drilling pressure is controlled to be 8.0Mpa, the rotating speed is controlled to be 300r/min, the pump capacity is controlled to be 60L/min, the return footage is controlled to be 1.20m, when the composite bit drills to the section below the gravel layer, the drilling machine starts to drill and takes out the rock core, because the pressure is too large, the rock core blocking phenomenon easily occurs, the rotating speed is too high, the collapse of the hole wall is easily caused, the rock core is damaged by too large pump capacity, the drilling difficulty is caused, the coring quality is reduced, when the drilling, if the core is plugged, the drill is immediately started, the drill is slowly started, the phenomenon that the slurry is strongly agitated to cause hole wall collapse due to the fact that a large suction effect is generated in the hole is avoided, when no vibration or jumping is sensed in the drilling process, the drill penetrates through a gravel soil layer, and when the drill enters the underlying bedrock by about 1m, the drill is started to take out the core;
preparing cement grout: firstly, cement mortar and a setting accelerator which are prepared in advance are prepared into cement grouting for later use according to the mass ratio of 8.5: 2, the strength of the cement mortar is M5, the cement mortar is prepared by mixing cement, medium sand and water, the mass ratio of the cement, the medium sand and the water is 1: 6.9: 1.4, the cement in the cement mortar is low in price and wide in material source, and can be effectively cemented with rock particles or fracture layers with high cementing strength to form a plugging material with good effect, different grout can be selected under different conditions to effectively cement the fractured rock on the hole wall and block the pores and leakage passages of the fractured rock layers, the cement mortar can be injected by a pump or can be fed into the holes by a special injector to be mixed, if the drilled holes are shallow, the cement can be made into balls, when the underground water activity is strong, the cement can be mixed with the setting accelerator or other inert materials to be made into quick-drying cement balls or plastic bags, the method comprises the steps of putting or feeding a core tube into a hole section needing to be closed from an orifice, extruding the hole section into a crack by a tamping method, continuously generating new cement additives such as quick-setting admixture, early strength admixture or retarder with the increasing of cement varieties in China, and widening the application range of the cement hole-protecting and plugging method, wherein M5 cement mortar and an quick-setting admixture are adopted in the embodiment, are uniformly mixed and are injected into the hole section to be plugged by a water pump, and the hole wall is solidified, so that the anti-collapse and plugging purposes are achieved, furthermore, the quick-setting admixture is a mixture formed by mixing sulfate, formate and nitrate, the mass ratio of the sulfate, formate and nitrate is 1: 2: 1.2, most of the traditional quick-setting admixtures mainly comprise aluminate and carbonate, have high alkalinity, and easily cause an alkali reaction due to the existence of strong alkali, so that the interface of a foundation and slurry is degraded, once the cement grouting agent absorbs water, expansion is easy to generate, so that a grouting structure is damaged, the durability of the cement grouting agent is reduced, the selected sulfate, formate and nitrate do not contain alkali and have a certain promotion effect on cement hydration, and after the sulfate, nitrate and formate are compounded for use, the compressive strength of the cement grouting agent can be increased in a shorter time, so that the initial setting time of the cement grouting agent is further shortened, the impact of slurry leakage can be resisted, and the phenomenon of borehole collapse is avoided;
grouting in the holes: after the drilling machine drills out and takes out the core, the composite sheet drill bit on the drilling machine is taken down, the grouting drill bit is replaced, the grouting drill bit is slowly drilled to the bottom of the gravel layer again, then the cement grout prepared in the third step is injected into the drilled hole by using a water pump, so that the gravel section in the drilled hole is filled with the cement grout, the grouting pressure of the water pump is controlled to be 0.6MPa, the grouting time is controlled to be 30min, after the water pump finishes grouting for 6min, the drilling machine rotates at a low speed to drill, and the rotating and drilling speed of the drilling machine is controlled to be 120 r/min;
quality detection: after a grouting drill bit of a drilling machine starts drilling, a suspended wave velocity logging instrument is adopted to carry out single-hole shear wave velocity test on a drilled hole according to the principle of 1 m/measuring point, the suspended wave velocity logging instrument adopts an XG-I suspended wave velocity logging instrument, the XG-I suspended wave velocity logging instrument is a structure used in the prior art, the using method and the measuring wave velocity are determined according to the description operation, and then whether a grouting section of a gravel layer is filled with cement slurry or not is judged according to the wave velocity;
secondary drilling operation: after the single hole shear wave speed test in the drilling is qualified, let the cement grout in the drilling continue to solidify 24 hours, through the slip casting processing, rubble soil layer has been sealed by cement grout in the drilling, need not worry again that collapse, fall the emergence of accidents such as piece, card brill, the normal drilling that can set one's mind at rest, the slip casting drill bit of rig is taken off later, changes the diamond bit, the diameter of diamond bit is less than the diameter of compound piece drill bit, recycles the diamond bit and carries out secondary drilling, the control parameter of secondary drilling to the grout after solidifying: in the process of the drilling machine rotating, the pressure of the drilled hole is preferably 4Mpa, the rotating speed of the drilling machine is controlled at 200r/min, the pump capacity is 40L/min, the drilling depth is controlled at 1.0m, and after the diamond bit drills to the original hole depth for the second time, the drilling machine takes out the solidified cement slurry after pulling out the drill.
The method for drilling and protecting the wall is simple and reasonable, the wall protecting method with the combination of drilling and cement grouting is adopted, the technical problems that the gravel layer is seriously leaked and the hole wall is very easy to collapse are solved by omitting the protecting pipe and the process for installing and taking out the protecting pipe, the construction quality and the construction progress are guaranteed, the construction difficulty is reduced, the construction efficiency is improved, the construction cost is saved, good social benefit and economic benefit can be generated, compared with the existing follow-up pipe wall protecting process, the construction period can be shortened by 20 days, the construction cost can be saved by 3.5 ten thousand yuan, and the construction efficiency is improved by 30%.
Claims (5)
1. The cement slurry hole sealing and wall protecting process for drilling the gravel soil layer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, construction preparation: cleaning a construction site, driving a drilling machine to a hole site to be constructed, and aligning the center of the composite sheet drill bit with the center of a hole to be drilled on the site to guide the hole;
secondly, one-time drilling operation: the drilling machine is leveled and then drilled, when the composite bit drills to the depth of 5m, the perpendicularity deviation of the drilled hole is rechecked, drilling is continued after the composite bit is qualified, in the process of rotating the composite bit, the pressure of the drilled hole is controlled to be 5.0-8.0 Mpa, the rotating speed is controlled to be 200-300 r/min, the pump capacity is controlled to be 50-60L/min, the return footage is controlled to be 0.8-1.20 m, and when the composite bit drills to be 0.5-1 m below the gravel layer section, the drilling machine is started to drill and take out the rock core;
preparing cement grout: firstly, preparing cement mortar and an accelerating agent which are prepared in advance according to the mass ratio of 8.5: 1.5-2 to prepare cement grouting for later use, wherein the strength of the cement mortar is M5;
grouting in the holes: after the drilling machine is started to drill and take out the rock core, the composite sheet drill bit on the drilling machine is taken down, the grouting drill bit is replaced, the grouting drill bit is slowly drilled to the bottom of the gravel layer, then the cement grout prepared in the third step is injected into the drilled hole by using the water pump, so that the gravel section in the drilled hole is filled with the cement grout, the grouting pressure of the water pump is controlled to be 0.5-0.6 Mpa, the grouting time is controlled to be 20-30 min, after the water pump grouting is finished for 5-6 min, the drilling machine is started at a low speed in a rotating mode, and the rotating speed of the drilling machine is controlled to be 110-120 r/min;
quality detection: after a grouting drill bit of the drilling machine starts drilling, carrying out single-hole shear wave velocity test on a drilled hole by adopting a suspended wave velocity logging instrument according to the principle of 0.8-1 m/measuring point, and then judging whether a grouting section of a gravel layer is filled with cement slurry or not according to the wave velocity;
secondary drilling operation: after the single-hole shear wave velocity test in the drilling hole is qualified, the cement grouting in the drilling hole is continuously solidified for 12-24 hours, then the grouting drill bit of the drilling machine is taken down, the diamond bit is replaced, the diameter of the diamond bit is smaller than that of the composite sheet drill bit, the diamond bit is reused for secondary drilling of the solidified cement slurry, and after the diamond bit is secondarily drilled to the original hole depth, the drilling machine takes out the solidified cement slurry after drilling.
2. The cement paste hole sealing retaining wall process for drilling of the gravel layer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step three: the cement mortar is prepared by mixing cement, medium sand and water, and the mass ratio of the cement to the medium sand to the water is 1: 6.3-6.9: 1.28-1.4.
3. The cement paste hole sealing retaining wall process for drilling of the gravel layer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step three: the accelerator is a mixture formed by mixing sulfate, formate and nitrate, and the mass ratio of the sulfate to the formate to the nitrate is 1: 1-2: 0.8-1.2.
4. The cement paste hole sealing retaining wall process for drilling of the gravel layer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the fifth step: control parameters of secondary drilling: in the process of rotating the drilling machine, the pressure of a drilled hole is preferably 3-4 Mpa, the rotating speed of the drilling machine is controlled to be 150-200 r/min, the pump capacity is 30-40L/min, and the return footage of drilling is controlled to be 0.8-1.0 m.
5. The cement paste hole sealing retaining wall process for drilling of the gravel layer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the fifth step: the diameter of the diamond bit is smaller than the diameter of the composite sheet bit by 19-35 mm.
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