CN114014338B - Method for simultaneously preparing doped carbon by pyrolyzing and purifying sodium chloride from organic waste salt - Google Patents

Method for simultaneously preparing doped carbon by pyrolyzing and purifying sodium chloride from organic waste salt Download PDF

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CN114014338B
CN114014338B CN202111223468.3A CN202111223468A CN114014338B CN 114014338 B CN114014338 B CN 114014338B CN 202111223468 A CN202111223468 A CN 202111223468A CN 114014338 B CN114014338 B CN 114014338B
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sodium chloride
waste salt
carbon
organic waste
doped
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CN114014338A (en
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宿新泰
周含峰
林璋
杨博
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Sino Singapore International Joint Research Institute
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01DCOMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D3/00Halides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
    • C01D3/14Purification
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/05Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/80Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
    • C01P2002/85Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by XPS, EDX or EDAX data
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/01Particle morphology depicted by an image
    • C01P2004/03Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/40Electric properties

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing doped carbon while purifying sodium chloride by pyrolysis of organic waste salt. The method comprises the following steps: fully grinding the calcium methoxide waste salt and sieving; (2) Placing the calcium methoxide waste salt with uniform texture obtained in the step (1) in a tube furnace, and pyrolyzing in an inert atmosphere; (3) Adding water into the pyrolyzed solid cooled to room temperature in the step (2), stirring to dissolve completely, and standing for layering to obtain upper and lower layers of liquid; (4) Filtering and separating the upper layer liquid and the lower layer liquid obtained in the step (3), and drying and recovering filter residues obtained after the upper layer liquid is filtered to obtain an Al/O doped carbon material; (5) Evaporating and crystallizing the filtrate obtained in the step (4) and the lower liquid in the step (3), and further drying, separating and heating to separate sodium chloride crystals. The method has simple process, low cost and large treatment capacity, and can realize the high-value utilization of the waste salt.

Description

Method for simultaneously preparing doped carbon by pyrolyzing and purifying sodium chloride from organic waste salt
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of purification and recovery of industrial waste salt residues, and particularly relates to a method for preparing doped carbon while purifying sodium chloride by pyrolysis of organic waste salt.
Technical Field
In the production of many fine chemical, chemical pesticide products or intermediates, a large amount of by-product waste salts (hereinafter referred to as "waste salts") containing toxic and harmful chemical substances are produced. The waste salt mainly contains inorganic salts such as sodium chloride, sodium sulfate and the like, and the organic components of the waste salt often contain some toxic and harmful components. The quantity of chemical industry byproduct salt slag in China at present reaches more than 70 ten thousand tons each year, and the value is increasing year by year. The waste salt which is a byproduct of chemical production cannot be directly used as industrial raw materials because of containing toxic and harmful chemical substances, so most enterprises store the waste salt in open air or pour the waste salt directly into rivers. These extensive management methods are prone to release of soluble salts and toxic and harmful chemicals into the environment, causing serious secondary pollution. Therefore, in 2016, waste salts have been defined as "hazardous waste" by the national hazardous waste directory. The efficient treatment and disposal of waste salts has now become an urgent technical need in the field of solid waste.
At present, the traditional treatment mode of the waste salt is generally landfill disposal, and along with the expansion of the scale of the original chemical production and the emergence of new chemicals, the production amount of the chemical waste salt is also increased greatly with the daily life, and the landfill occupies a large amount of sites, so that the land resource is wasted and the underground water resource and the ecological system are seriously damaged. The direct thermal incineration method is a viable waste salt treatment technology, for example Ji Genzhong et al, by which waste salt slag is fed into a gasification furnace, and sodium chloride crystals are converted into steam for recovery under the conditions of high temperature (1250-1300 ℃) and high pressure (4.0 Mpa) (patent publication number: CN112320822 a). Secondly, a secondary concentration crystallization method after dissolution and refining is also a common waste salt treatment means: the method is to re-dissolve the waste salt slag in fresh water, and then to concentrate and crystallize again after chemical treatment, and then to recycle, for example, the patent publication number: CN 105883911B-molten salt chloride slag recycling treatment method. However, these methods have high disposal cost, secondary wastewater is produced, the effect of physical and chemical disposal after dissolution is difficult to ensure, the salt water content recovered by recrystallization is high, a large amount of crystal water exists in some methods, and the secondary utilization value is low. (3) harmless landfill treatment: the method is that after various waste salt residues are mixed and solidified by curing agents such as concrete, special landfill disposal is carried out according to related regulations and technical specifications of national hazardous waste management and disposal. The disposal method is high in cost, occupies a large amount of land, and simultaneously has the risk of secondary environmental hazard caused by external factors such as geological disasters and the like.
At present, although most people focus on the research of the method for synthesizing and preparing the front-end chemical products, the research of the comprehensive recovery treatment method for the process waste salt is relatively less, so that the waste salt generated in the synthesis process of many chemical products is not effectively treated all the time, and a large amount of recoverable resources are wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing doped carbon while purifying sodium chloride by pyrolysis of organic waste salt, aiming at the defect of research strength of purification of the existing crude sodium chloride waste salt slag. The method has the advantages of simple process, low cost, quick effect, large treatment capacity and thorough purification, and can realize the full utilization of the sodium chloride waste salt slag. The sodium chloride extracted by the method can be recycled to manufacture industrial raw materials such as chlorine, bleaching powder, sodium metal and the like, and the Al/O doped carbon material obtained by the method can be used as an electrode material in the field of super capacitors, so that thorough waste is changed into valuable.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme.
A method for preparing doped carbon simultaneously by pyrolyzing and purifying sodium chloride from organic waste salt comprises the following steps:
(1) Fully grinding the calcium methoxide waste salt and sieving;
(2) Placing the calcium methoxide waste salt with uniform texture obtained in the step (1) in a tube furnace, and pyrolyzing the calcium methoxide waste salt in an inert atmosphere at a medium-low temperature;
(3) Adding water into the pyrolyzed solid cooled to room temperature in the step (2), stirring to dissolve completely, and standing for layering to obtain upper and lower layers of liquid;
(4) Filtering and separating the upper layer liquid and the lower layer liquid obtained in the step (3), and drying and recovering filter residues obtained after the upper layer liquid is filtered to obtain an Al/O doped carbon material;
(5) Evaporating and crystallizing the filtrate obtained in the step (4) and the lower liquid in the step (3), and further drying, separating and heating to separate sodium chloride crystals.
Preferably, the pore size of the screen in step (1) is 100-200 mesh.
Preferably, the pyrolysis in step (2) is carried out at a temperature of 350-550 ℃.
Preferably, the inert atmosphere in the step (2) is one of nitrogen and argon.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the water to the pyrolysis solid in the step (3) is (3-6): 1.
Preferably, the standing time in the step (3) is 25-45 min.
Preferably, the carbon material of step (4) is an Al/O doped porous carbon with high electrochemical activity.
Preferably, the drying temperature in the step (4) is 60-80 ℃.
Preferably, the evaporative crystallization temperature of step (5) is 60-90 ℃.
Preferably, the sodium chloride crystals of step (5) are a high purity product.
The invention provides a method for preparing doped carbon while purifying sodium chloride by pyrolysis of organic waste salt, which is based on the following principle:
by utilizing the characteristic of low boiling point of organic matters, the organic waste salt is subjected to low-temperature roasting by inert gas to be carbonized, so that the purpose of purifying sodium chloride is achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) Breaks through the technical bottleneck of treating sodium chloride slag containing high-concentration organic matters and even other waste salt slag, and provides a feasible treatment scheme for sodium chloride slag containing high-concentration organic matters.
(2) Through low-temperature treatment, organic matters in the salt slag are carbonized efficiently and thoroughly, so that salt resource utilization is realized, carbon capable of being utilized in a high-valued manner is recovered, technical support is provided for realizing energy conservation and emission reduction in the chemical industry, and sustainable and coordinated development in the chemical industry is promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of the purified sodium chloride product of example 3.
FIG. 3 is an SEM spectrum of an Al/O doped carbon material prepared in example 3.
FIG. 4 is an XPS Al 2p spectrum of the Al/O doped carbon material prepared in example 3.
Fig. 5 is a charge-discharge curve of the Al/O doped carbon material prepared in example 3.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the description. The sodium chloride waste salt residue sources in the following examples are waste salt residues which are byproducts of trimethyl orthoformate process.
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Grinding 5g of calcium methoxide waste salt sufficiently and sieving (200 mesh);
(2) Placing the calcium methoxide waste salt with uniform texture obtained in the step (1) into a tube furnace, and pyrolyzing the calcium methoxide waste salt for 2 hours at 350 ℃ in nitrogen atmosphere;
(3) Cooling the pyrolysis solid obtained in the step (2) to room temperature at 24 ℃, weighing 4g of pyrolysis solid, adding 12g of water into the weighed pyrolysis solid, fully stirring for 5 minutes to fully dissolve waste salt, standing for 25 minutes, and layering to obtain upper and lower liquid layers;
(4) Filtering and separating the upper layer liquid and the lower layer liquid obtained in the step (3), drying filter residues obtained after the upper layer liquid is filtered, wherein the drying temperature is 60 ℃, and recovering to obtain an Al/O doped carbon material;
(5) Evaporating and crystallizing the filtrate obtained in the step (4) and the lower liquid in the step (3) at 60 ℃, and further drying, separating and heating to separate sodium chloride crystals;
(6) The seed crystal was taken out, dried at 80℃to a constant weight and weighed.
In the embodiment, 5g of sodium chloride waste salt slag is treated, 4.81 g of sodium chloride is recovered, and the product is tested to reach the standard of industrial sodium chloride (GB/T6009-2014) class II first class products. At the same time, 0.35 g of Al/O doped carbon material is recovered, and the capacitance performance reaches 313.2F g -1
Example 2
(1) Grinding 5g of calcium methoxide waste salt sufficiently and sieving (150 mesh);
(2) Placing the calcium methoxide waste salt slag with uniform texture obtained in the step (1) into a tube furnace, and pyrolyzing the slag for 2 hours at 450 ℃ in nitrogen atmosphere;
(3) Cooling the pyrolysis solid obtained in the step (2) to room temperature at 24 ℃, weighing 4g of pyrolysis solid, adding 20g of water into the weighed pyrolysis solid, fully stirring for 5 minutes to fully dissolve waste salt, standing for 35 minutes, and layering to obtain upper and lower liquid layers;
(4) Filtering and separating the upper layer liquid and the lower layer liquid obtained in the step (3), drying filter residues obtained after the upper layer liquid is filtered, wherein the drying temperature is 70 ℃, and recovering to obtain an Al/O doped carbon material;
(5) Evaporating and crystallizing the filtrate obtained in the step (4) and the lower liquid in the step (3) at 80 ℃, and further drying, separating and heating to separate sodium chloride crystals;
(6) The seed crystal was taken out, dried at 85℃to a constant weight and weighed.
In the embodiment, 5g of sodium chloride waste salt slag is treated, 4.86 g of sodium chloride is recovered, and the product is tested to reach the standard of industrial sodium chloride (GB/T6009-2014) class II first class products. At the same time, 0.44 g of aluminum Al/O doped carbon material is recovered, and the capacitance performance reaches 356.5F g -1
Example 3
(1) Grinding 5g of calcium methoxide waste salt sufficiently and sieving (100 mesh);
(2) Placing the calcium methoxide waste salt slag with uniform texture obtained in the step (1) into a tube furnace, and pyrolyzing the slag for 2 hours at 550 ℃ in an argon atmosphere;
(3) Cooling the pyrolysis solid obtained in the step (2) to room temperature at 24 ℃, weighing 4g of pyrolysis solid, adding 24g of water into the weighed pyrolysis solid, fully stirring for 5 minutes to fully dissolve waste salt, standing for 45 minutes, and layering to obtain upper and lower liquid layers;
(4) Filtering and separating the upper layer liquid and the lower layer liquid obtained in the step (3), drying filter residues obtained after the upper layer liquid is filtered, wherein the drying temperature is 80 ℃, and recovering to obtain an Al/O doped carbon material;
(5) Evaporating and crystallizing the filtrate obtained in the step (4) and the lower liquid in the step (3) at 90 ℃, and further drying, separating and heating to separate sodium chloride crystals;
(6) The seed crystal was taken out, dried at 90℃to a constant weight and weighed.
In the embodiment, 5g of sodium chloride waste salt slag is treated, 4.60 g of sodium chloride is recovered, and the product is tested to reach the standard of industrial sodium chloride (GB/T6009-2014) class II first class products. FIG. 2 is an SEM image of purified sodium chloride of example 3, and it can be seen from FIG. 2 that the surface of sodium chloride crystals is smootherLess impurity. While 0.56 grams was recovered while 0.35 grams of the Al/O doped carbon material was recovered. FIG. 3 is an SEM spectrum of an Al/O doped carbon material prepared in example 3, and a rich porous structure on the carbon material can be observed from FIG. 3. FIG. 4 is an XPS Al 2p spectrum of the Al/O doped carbon material prepared in example 3, and the peak of the carbon material at the position of the Al/O binding energy can be observed in FIG. 4, which proves that the carbon material has a certain amount of Al/O doping in the structure. FIG. 5 is a charge-discharge curve of the Al/O doped carbon material prepared in example 3, and it can be seen from FIG. 5 that the carbon material has a current density of 0.5. 0.5A g -1 Under the condition of charge and discharge, the capacitance performance of the capacitor reaches 416.35F g -1
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The method for preparing the doped carbon simultaneously by pyrolyzing and purifying the sodium chloride from the organic waste salt is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Fully grinding the calcium methoxide waste salt, and sieving, wherein the sieving aperture is 100-200 meshes; the source of the calcium methoxide waste salt is waste salt slag which is a byproduct of trimethyl orthoformate process;
(2) Placing the calcium methoxide waste salt with uniform texture obtained in the step (1) into a tube furnace, and pyrolyzing in an inert atmosphere, wherein the pyrolysis temperature is 350-550 ℃;
(3) Adding water into the pyrolyzed solid cooled to room temperature in the step (2), stirring to dissolve completely, and standing for layering to obtain upper and lower layers of liquid, wherein the mass ratio of the water to the pyrolyzed solid is (3-6): 1;
(4) Filtering and separating the upper layer liquid and the lower layer liquid obtained in the step (3), and drying and recovering filter residues obtained after the upper layer liquid is filtered to obtain an Al/O doped carbon material;
(5) Evaporating and crystallizing the filtrate obtained in the step (4) and the lower liquid in the step (3), and further drying, separating and heating to separate sodium chloride crystals.
2. The method for simultaneously preparing carbon-doped sodium chloride and carbon-doped sodium chloride by pyrolyzing and purifying organic waste salt according to claim 1, wherein the inert atmosphere in the step (2) is one of nitrogen and argon.
3. The method for simultaneously preparing carbon-doped sodium chloride and carbon-doped sodium chloride by pyrolysis of organic waste salt according to claim 1, wherein the standing time in the step (3) is 25-45 min.
4. The method for simultaneously preparing carbon-doped sodium chloride and carbon-doped sodium chloride by pyrolysis of organic waste salt according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature in the step (4) is 60-80 ℃.
5. The method for simultaneously preparing carbon-doped sodium chloride and carbon-doped sodium chloride by pyrolysis of organic waste salt according to claim 1, wherein the evaporation crystallization temperature in the step (5) is 60-90 ℃.
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CN114247433B (en) * 2021-12-20 2024-01-09 中新国际联合研究院 Method for simultaneously preparing biochar by treating organic waste salt and agricultural and forestry waste through molten salt method
CN115401052A (en) * 2022-07-13 2022-11-29 江西心连心化学工业有限公司 Method for recycling organic waste by using coal water slurry gasification furnace

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