CN114012595A - Process for finishing bevel gear by centrifugal abrasive flow tumbling - Google Patents
Process for finishing bevel gear by centrifugal abrasive flow tumbling Download PDFInfo
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- CN114012595A CN114012595A CN202111476405.9A CN202111476405A CN114012595A CN 114012595 A CN114012595 A CN 114012595A CN 202111476405 A CN202111476405 A CN 202111476405A CN 114012595 A CN114012595 A CN 114012595A
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- bevel gear
- tooth
- charging barrel
- abrasive
- finishing
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 210000003781 tooth socket Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100029469 WD repeat and HMG-box DNA-binding protein 1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 101710097421 WD repeat and HMG-box DNA-binding protein 1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005111 flow chemistry technique Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B31/00—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor
- B24B31/10—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor involving other means for tumbling of work
- B24B31/116—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor involving other means for tumbling of work using plastically deformable grinding compound, moved relatively to the workpiece under the influence of pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/006—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation taking regard of the speed
Abstract
The invention discloses a process for finishing bevel gears by centrifugal abrasive flow tumbling, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of tooth space parameter determination, bevel gear installation scheme determination, rough finishing process parameter determination and implementation, fine finishing process parameter determination and implementation, roughness test and tooth profile detection. In the process of processing the bevel gear, the grinding material is driven by the rotation of the charging barrel to form a grinding material flow field rotating around the center of the charging barrel, the grinding material particles in the grinding material flow form relative motion with the surface to be processed so as to cut the surface to be processed, the charging barrel rotates, the tool main shaft is kept still, the tooth surface is parallel to the speed direction of the grinding material flow, and the processing efficiency is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field related to finishing machining, in particular to a process for finishing a bevel gear by centrifugal abrasive flow tumbling.
Background
The surface quality of the gear has great influence on the service performance, the service life and the reliability of the gear parts, such as wear resistance, fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance, contact rigidity and the like. With the development of the machine manufacturing industry and the need of industrial production, the requirements on the surface quality of gear parts are gradually increased. At present, the surface quality of a gear is mainly improved by a grinding means, the shape of a grinding wheel matched with the surface quality of the gear needs to be processed according to different surfaces, the problems of high processing cost, complex technical means and the like exist, particularly for gear parts with complex surface shapes, the problem is more prominent, and the requirements of low cost and high efficiency in the actual production are difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a process for finishing a bevel gear by centrifugal abrasive flow tumbling, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a centrifugal abrasive flow tumbling and polishing process for processing bevel gears comprises the following steps:
step one, tooth space parameter determination: and acquiring the tooth socket width at the small-end tooth root and the tooth top tooth socket width according to a design drawing or the object measurement of the bevel gear to be processed.
Step two, bevel gear installation: the bevel gear is installed by adjusting the tool according to the combination of the outline size of the bevel gear and the distance between the tool shaft and the cylinder wall, so that the large-end fixed point of the installed bevel gear is tangent to the intersection point of the circumference of the section of the charging barrel, and the grinding material can smoothly enter the tooth socket or the included angle between the speed direction and the tooth surface is an acute angle when the grinding material rotates around the central shaft of the charging barrel under the driving of the charging barrel.
Step three, performing rough finishing on the bevel gear: determining rough finishing technological parameters, rotating the material barrel to drive the abrasive material to form an abrasive material flow field rotating around the center of the material barrel, and performing rough finishing by means of relative motion between abrasive material particles in the abrasive material flow and the surface of the bevel gear.
Step four, performing fine finishing on the bevel gear: and (5) adjusting technological parameters of finishing, and performing finishing on the bevel gear by adopting the same operation as the step three.
And step five, detecting the roughness and the tooth profile of the bevel gear.
Preferably, the process parameters in the third step and the fourth step comprise the loading amount of the grinding materials in the charging barrel, the rotating speed of a main shaft of the tool, the size and type of the grinding materials and the rough machining time.
Preferably, according to the finishing theory, the total adding amount of the grinding materials is most suitable when the total adding amount of the grinding materials accounts for 0.55-0.65 of the volume of the charging barrel, and workpieces which are not easy to deform are processed. When the rotating speed ratio between the tool spindle and the charging barrel is less than 0, the flow direction of a forced flow vehicle formed by the rotation of the charging barrel and the movement of the grinding materials is basically consistent with the speed direction of the grinding materials, the relative sliding speed between the grinding block and the workpiece is higher, which is beneficial to cutting, and the relative sliding speed is lower when the speed ratio is greater than 0, which is not beneficial to cutting, meanwhile, the absolute value of the speed ratio is larger, and the forced flow field formed by the rotation of the charging barrel is strengthened, so that the processing removal amount and the grinding consumption of the grinding materials are increased, scratches are easily formed on the surface of the processed workpiece, the processing effect and efficiency are comprehensively considered, the rotating speed ratio of the tool spindle to the charging barrel is a, and-1 is less than or equal to 0; the method comprises the steps of determining the size of a rough finishing grinding material according to the width of a tooth socket, wherein the size of a small end is smaller than that of a large end for a bevel gear, so the size of the minimum width position of the tooth socket of the small end is taken as the standard, the rough finishing is generally to ensure that two grinding particles can pass through the same position, the size of the grinding material selected by rough finishing is half of the width of the tooth socket of a tooth root of the small end, and meanwhile, according to the types of the finishing grinding materials commonly used at home and abroad at present, such as resin grinding materials and alumina ceramic grinding materials, the alumina ceramic grinding material is selected for alloy steel parts, and the rough machining process needs stronger machining capacity, so the tetrahedral special-shaped alumina ceramic grinding material is selected for the rough finishing grinding material of the bevel gear; the processing capacity of different types of grinding materials at home and abroad is gradually reduced along with the increase of time, the grinding materials generally tend to be stable after 15-20min, and the rough processing time is properly increased for 5-10min if the roughness is not reduced to a preset range within a set time, so that the whole rough processing time is 15-30 min.
Preferably, the total adding amount of the grinding material accounts for 0.6 of the volume ratio of the cylinder; centrifugal tumbling and polishing mainly depends on the rotation of the charging barrel to drive the abrasive to form an abrasive flow field rotating around the center of the charging barrel, and the relative motion is formed between abrasive particles in the abrasive flow and the surface to be processed, so that the effect of cutting the surface to be processed is achieved. According to the cutting principle, the larger the relative tangential component velocity is, the larger the cutting force is, the better the cutting effect is, so that the installation of the bevel gear needs to ensure that the included angle between the tooth surface of the tooth socket to be processed and the instantaneous interaction position of abrasive flow in the charging barrel is smaller and better, and in combination with the structural characteristics of the bevel gear, the bevel gear needs to be fixed on a tool shaft through a tool and the axis of the bevel gear is vertical to the axis of the tool. Meanwhile, considering the requirement on the processing uniformity of all teeth of the bevel gear, the bevel gear needs to slowly rotate around the axis of the bevel gear through certain power. And comprehensively considering the processing effect of the tooth surface of the tooth socket of the bevel gear and the processing uniformity of the whole bevel gear, the bevel gear is vertically arranged in the tool shaft sleeve ring, the bevel gear is ensured to slowly rotate around the axis of the bevel gear by adding a driving device, and the rotating speed is set to be 10-20 r/min. At the moment, considering that the tooth surfaces of tooth grooves and the speed direction of the abrasive flow are parallel as much as possible in order to ensure the processing efficiency in the processing space and the processing process of the charging barrel, the speed of a tool shaft is set to be 0, the ratio a of the rotating speed of a tool main shaft to the rotating speed of the charging barrel is 0, the processing efficiency and the effect are comprehensively considered, and the rough processing time is 20 min.
Preferably, the parameters of the loading amount of the grinding materials in the charging barrel in the fourth step, the rotating speed of the charging barrel, the rotating speed of the tool spindle, the type of the grinding materials and the rough machining time are the same as those in the third step, and the size of the grinding materials in the fourth step is one fourth of the width of the tooth groove of the small-end tooth root in consideration of the action effect of the grinding materials on the machining surface.
Preferably, the roughness detection of the bevel gear in the fifth step specifically comprises the roughness detection of tooth surfaces at the large end, the middle point of the tooth width and the small end of the bevel gear; and detecting the tooth profile of the bevel gear by using a tooth detector.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a process for finishing bevel gears by centrifugal abrasive flow tumbling, which has the following beneficial effects:
(1) in the invention, after finishing the gear grinding process or finishing the gear grinding process and carrying out the fine shot blasting process, the finishing processing of the tooth surface of the bevel gear is realized by abrasive flow processing, the surface appearance distribution of the bevel gear is optimized, and the effect of reducing the roughness of the tooth surface is further achieved.
(2) In the process of processing the bevel gear, the grinding material is driven to form a grinding material flow field rotating around the center of the charging barrel through the rotation of the charging barrel, the grinding material particles in the grinding material flow and the surface to be processed form relative motion so as to cut the surface to be processed, the charging barrel rotates, the tool main shaft is kept still, the tooth surface of the tooth socket is parallel to the speed direction of the grinding material flow, and the processing efficiency is greatly improved.
(3) Along with the rotation of the gear, the fluid abrasive can polish all tooth socket tooth surfaces of the gear in sequence, the finishing machining quality of each surface is uniform, the machining allowance of each gear tooth is the same, the consistency of the roughness of each part of the surface can be guaranteed, the machining precision is effectively improved, and the machining quality is guaranteed.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention without limiting the invention in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a centrifugal abrasive flow tumbling finishing process for bevel gears.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
The embodiment discloses a process for finishing a bevel gear by centrifugal abrasive flow tumbling, wherein the bevel gear finishing is implemented after a gear grinding process is finished or a gear grinding process is finished and a fine shot blasting process is carried out, the finishing processing of the tooth surface of the bevel gear is realized by abrasive flow processing, and the progressive processing is realized from rough finishing to fine finishing so as to reduce the surface roughness. During the process, the barrel rotates about its axis in the direction of the V-barrel as shown in FIG. 1, and the bevel gear rotates about its axis in the direction of the arrow shown. The velocity V direction in the figure is the instantaneous velocity direction of the particles in the abrasive stream at the location in the barrel where they are located. The grinding material and the tooth surface are relatively moved to produce cutting and polishing processing. Meanwhile, the bevel gear rotates around the axis of the bevel gear, so that the processing uniformity of all gear tooth surfaces is guaranteed.
Before the bevel gear is machined, tooth space parameters are determined, and the tooth space width at the small-end tooth root and the tooth top tooth space width are obtained according to a design drawing or a real object measurement of the bevel gear to be machined.
Then, installing the bevel gear, adjusting the installation bevel gear through a tool by combining the outline dimension of the bevel gear and the distance between a tool shaft and a cylinder wall, ensuring that a large-end fixed point of the installed bevel gear is tangent to a circumferential intersection point where the section of the charging barrel is located, selecting a tetrahedral special-shaped alumina ceramic abrasive after the installation is finished, wherein the size of the abrasive is one half of the width of a tooth groove of a small-end tooth root, adding the abrasive into the charging barrel, and ensuring that the total addition of the abrasive accounts for 0.55 of the volume ratio of the charging barrel; starting the charging barrel and the tool to rotate, setting the ratio a of the rotating speed of the main shaft of the tool to the rotating speed of the charging barrel to be-1, setting the rotating speed of the main shaft of the tool to be 10-20r/min, driving the abrasive to form an abrasive flow field rotating around the center of the charging barrel by the rotation of the charging barrel, performing rough finishing and roughing by means of relative motion between abrasive particles in the abrasive flow and the surface of the bevel gear, and stopping after 15min of processing. And after rough finishing is finished, taking out the grinding materials in the charging barrel, adding spherical grinding materials with the size being one fourth of the width of the tooth groove of the small-end tooth root into the charging barrel, loading the spherical grinding materials, wherein the rotating speed of the charging barrel is the same as that of a tool spindle, and the parameter values of the type of the grinding materials and the processing time are the same as those of the rough finishing, and starting the tool and the charging barrel again to finish the bevel gear. And after finishing the finish machining, respectively carrying out roughness detection on the tooth surfaces at the large end, the middle point of the tooth width and the small end of the bevel gear, and simultaneously carrying out tooth profile detection on a tooth detector to determine the roughness and the tooth profile precision.
Example two
The embodiment discloses a process for processing a bevel gear by centrifugal abrasive flow tumbling and polishing, the inventive concept for processing the bevel gear is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the difference with the first embodiment is that: in the rough finishing and the finish finishing in the embodiment, the total adding amount of the grinding materials accounts for 0.6 of the volume ratio of the charging barrel, the ratio a of the rotating speed of the main shaft of the tool to the rotating speed of the charging barrel is 0, and the processing time is 20 min.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment discloses a process for processing a bevel gear by centrifugal abrasive flow tumbling and polishing, the inventive concept for processing the bevel gear is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the difference with the first embodiment is that: in the embodiment, during rough finishing and finish finishing, the total adding amount of the grinding materials accounts for 0.65 of the volume ratio of the charging barrel, the ratio a of the rotating speed of the tool spindle to the rotating speed of the charging barrel is-0.5, wherein the rotating speed of the tool spindle is set to be 10-20r/min, and the processing time is 30 min.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A centrifugal abrasive flow tumbling and polishing process for processing bevel gears is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, tooth space parameter determination: acquiring the tooth socket width at the small-end tooth root and the tooth top tooth socket width dimension according to a design drawing or the object measurement of the bevel gear to be processed;
step two, bevel gear installation: the bevel gear is installed by adjusting the tool according to the combination of the outline size of the bevel gear and the distance between the tool shaft and the cylinder wall, so that the large-end fixed point of the installed bevel gear is tangent to the intersection point of the circumference where the section of the charging barrel is located;
step three, performing rough finishing on the bevel gear: determining rough finishing process parameters, wherein the charging barrel rotates to drive the abrasive to form an abrasive flow field rotating around the center of the charging barrel, and rough finishing is performed by means of relative motion formed by abrasive particles in the abrasive flow and the surface of the bevel gear;
step four, performing fine finishing on the bevel gear: adjusting technological parameters of finishing, and performing finishing on the bevel gear by adopting the same operation as the third step;
and step five, detecting the roughness and the tooth profile of the bevel gear.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the process parameters in the third step and the fourth step comprise the loading amount of the abrasive in the charging barrel, the rotating speed of the tool spindle, the size and type of the abrasive and the rough machining time.
3. The process for hobbing and polishing bevel gear with centrifugal grinding material flow according to claim 2, wherein in the third step, the total adding amount of the grinding material accounts for 0.55-0.65 of the volume ratio of the charging barrel; the ratio of the rotating speed of the tool spindle to the rotating speed of the charging barrel is a, and-1 is less than or equal to a and less than or equal to 0; the size of the abrasive is one half of the width of the tooth groove of the small-end tooth root, and the abrasive is selected from tetrahedral special-shaped alumina ceramic abrasive; the rough machining time is 15-30 min.
4. The process of claim 3, wherein the total amount of the abrasives added accounts for 0.6 of the volume ratio of the cylinder, the ratio a of the rotating speed of the main shaft of the tool to the rotating speed of the cylinder is 0, and the rough machining time is 20 min.
5. The process of claim 2, wherein the parameters of the charging amount of the grinding material in the charging barrel in the fourth step, the rotating speed of the charging barrel, the rotating speed of the tool spindle, the type of the grinding material and the rough machining time are the same as the parameters in the third step, and the size of the grinding material in the fourth step is one fourth of the width of the small-end tooth root tooth groove.
6. The process for hobbing and polishing a bevel gear by using a centrifugal abrasive flow according to claim 1, wherein the roughness detection of the bevel gear in the fifth step specifically comprises the roughness detection of tooth surfaces at the large end, the middle point of the tooth width and the small end of the bevel gear; and detecting the tooth profile of the bevel gear by using a tooth detector.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111476405.9A CN114012595A (en) | 2021-12-06 | 2021-12-06 | Process for finishing bevel gear by centrifugal abrasive flow tumbling |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111476405.9A CN114012595A (en) | 2021-12-06 | 2021-12-06 | Process for finishing bevel gear by centrifugal abrasive flow tumbling |
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| CN105728858A (en) * | 2016-02-20 | 2016-07-06 | 太原理工大学 | Perpendicularly-crossed main shaft type roll-polishing method for medium and large cylindrical gears |
| CN111604817A (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-09-01 | 吉林大学 | Abrasive flow precision finishing method and device |
| CN113579370A (en) * | 2021-08-14 | 2021-11-02 | 郑州机械研究所有限公司 | Adjusting tool for machining tooth surfaces of bevel gear and worm by high-efficiency polishing |
-
2021
- 2021-12-06 CN CN202111476405.9A patent/CN114012595A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU770760A1 (en) * | 1979-05-03 | 1980-10-15 | Предприятие П/Я М-5671 | Method of working parts in fluidiese-bed abrasive |
| SU1212765A1 (en) * | 1980-10-10 | 1986-02-23 | Предприятие П/Я М-5671 | Device for machining components in fluidized abrasive |
| US6962522B1 (en) * | 2004-05-12 | 2005-11-08 | Bbf Yamate Corporation | Barrel polishing device |
| JP2009166179A (en) * | 2008-01-16 | 2009-07-30 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Barrel polishing apparatus and barrel polishing method |
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| CN103273412A (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2013-09-04 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Mechanical finishing non-allowance process for removing tool marks of molded surface of blade body |
| CN105728858A (en) * | 2016-02-20 | 2016-07-06 | 太原理工大学 | Perpendicularly-crossed main shaft type roll-polishing method for medium and large cylindrical gears |
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| CN113579370A (en) * | 2021-08-14 | 2021-11-02 | 郑州机械研究所有限公司 | Adjusting tool for machining tooth surfaces of bevel gear and worm by high-efficiency polishing |
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Application publication date: 20220208 |