CN114012305A - Welding wire for spray forming of aluminum-lithium alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Welding wire for spray forming of aluminum-lithium alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114012305A CN114012305A CN202111303708.0A CN202111303708A CN114012305A CN 114012305 A CN114012305 A CN 114012305A CN 202111303708 A CN202111303708 A CN 202111303708A CN 114012305 A CN114012305 A CN 114012305A
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- welding wire
- lithium alloy
- aluminum
- extrusion
- spray forming
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
Abstract
The invention discloses a welding wire for spray forming of an aluminum-lithium alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the welding wire takes Al-Cu-Ag-Ti-Zr-Cr-V-Be as a base body, and the welding wire comprises, by mass, 6.1-6.9% of Cu, 0.2-0.7% of Ag, 0.25-0.5% of Ti, 0.2-0.5% of Zr, 0.01-0.08% of Cr, 0.04-0.12% of V, 0.0003-0.0012% of Be and the balance of Al. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing an ingot blank; (2) carrying out homogenization annealing; (3) machining; (4) hot extrusion; (5) and annealing and drawing wires. The welding wire for the aluminum lithium alloy prepared by the method has smooth surface, no defects such as cracks, bubbles and the like, uniform structure, low impurity content and liquid hydrogen content less than 0.15ml/100g of metal, and can be used for welding 2195 aluminum lithium alloy materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a welding wire for spray forming of an aluminum-lithium alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
2195 belongs to the third generation of aluminum-lithium alloy, has the features of low density, high specific strength, excellent forgeability, low temperature performance, high weldability, high corrosion resistance, etc. it may be used widely in aluminum-lithium alloy series to replace 2219 and 2014 alloy, and may be used in the low temperature propellant tank of large carrier rocket, missile casing oil tank and other structures and in aeronautic and aeronautical flight structure.
At present, in the field of aerospace, the focus of attention of people is always to reduce the weight of aircraft structural materials, the traditional riveting process is replaced by a welding process, the structural weight of an aircraft can be greatly reduced, the structural strength is improved, fuel and assembly time are saved, the bearing capacity of the aircraft is remarkably improved, and great economic benefits can be brought. However, in the weldable aluminum lithium alloy structural member, the welding seam is the weakest link in the whole structure, especially the high-strength weldable aluminum lithium alloy, and the strength of the welding seam is lower than that of the matrix. The overall strength of the welded structure can be improved only by improving the strength of the welding seam, and the excellent performances of high strength, high elastic modulus, low density and the like of the 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy can be fully exerted. Therefore, the research on the welding material matched with the high-strength weldable aluminum lithium alloy is particularly important.
The welding material of the foreign weldable aluminum lithium alloy basically adopts a body component welding flux and an improved welding flux designed on the basis of the body. At present, 2195 alloy solder is relatively comprehensively researched, and particularly in the United states, a group of solder components which are low in thermal sensitivity and high enough in welding and repair welding of 2195 aluminum lithium alloy are determined on the basis of Al-Cu base alloy, but the components and other self-developed solders are mostly kept secret.
The strong weldable 1420 solder has been studied in China, some units adopt the process of casting solder in atmospheric environment, the method is adopted to carry out batch production of the solder, the hydrogen content is generally over 0.4PPM, the technical requirements are difficult to meet, the research on the solder used for 2195 is only documented at present, the solder used for 2195 mainly depends on import, and the price is high and is limited by people.
Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, there is a strong need for a method for preparing a welding wire suitable for welding 2195 aluminum lithium alloy materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a welding wire for spray forming of an aluminum-lithium alloy and a preparation method thereof.
A welding wire for spray forming of aluminum-lithium alloy comprises, by mass, 6.1-6.9% of Cu, 0.2-0.7% of Ag, 0.25-0.5% of Ti, 0.2-0.5% of Zr, 0.01-0.08% of Cr, 0.04-0.12% of V, 0.0003-0.0012% of Be and the balance of Al, wherein the Al-Cu-Ag-Ti-Zr-Cr-V-Be is used as a base body.
A preparation method of a welding wire for spray forming of an aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an ingot blank: melting the components of the welding wire in a smelting furnace, adding 0.1-0.4% of C2Cl6 by mass into a melt for refining, stirring by an electromagnetic stirring device for 3-10 min, standing for 10-30 min after refining for filtering, atomizing the filtered alloy melt by high-purity inert gas, simultaneously rotating a receiving disc under the drive of a motor and pulling at the speed of 20-35 mm/s to prepare a welding wire ingot blank for an aluminum lithium alloy with the specification of phi 480mm 800mm, and cooling and taking out the welding wire ingot blank;
(2) homogenizing and annealing: carrying out homogenizing annealing on the welding wire ingot blank, wherein the homogenizing annealing process comprises the steps of heating to 515 +/-3 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 24 +/-0.2 h;
(3) machining: machining the annealed welding wire ingot blank to a bar with the diameter of 160 mm;
(4) hot extrusion: extruding a phi 160mm bar material to a phi 10.5mm wire material on a 2000T extruder, wherein the specification of an extrusion cylinder is phi 170mm, the temperature of a blank is 450 +/-3 ℃, the temperature of a die is 420 +/-3 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 430 +/-3 ℃, the speed of an extrusion main push rod is 0.3mm/s, the speed is reduced to 0.2mm/s when the half of extrusion is carried out, and the extrusion ratio is 65.5;
(5) annealing and wire drawing: and annealing the wire rod with the diameter of 10.5mm, drawing wires, keeping the annealing process at 420 +/-3 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 +/-0.2 h, slowly cooling to 200 ℃, discharging from a furnace, air cooling, drawing wires for 3 times to enable the diameter of the wire rod to be drawn from 10.5mm to 5.5 mm.
As a further improvement, the method for preparing the aluminum lithium alloy in the step (1) is a spray forming process, and the rotating and drawing-down speed of the receiving disc is 20-35 mm/s.
As a further improvement, the homogenization annealing process in the step (2) is carried out for 24 +/-0.2 h at 515 +/-3 ℃.
As a further improvement, 5 bars with a diameter of 160mm were machined from 480mm bars in step (3).
As a further improvement, the extrusion mode adopted in the step (4) is four-hole discharging, the speed of the extrusion main push rod is 0.3mm/s, the speed reduction when the extrusion is half is 0.2mm/s, and the extrusion ratio is 65.5.
As a further improvement, in the step (5), the annealing process is 420 +/-3 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2 +/-0.2 h, the annealing process is slowly cooled to 200 ℃, then the annealing process is discharged from the furnace and air-cooled, and the drawing pass is 3.
Has the advantages that:
the invention has ingenious design, the welding wire for the aluminum lithium alloy prepared by the method has smooth surface, no defects of cracks, bubbles and the like, uniform tissue and low impurity content, and the liquid hydrogen content is less than 0.15ml/100g of metal, thereby being capable of being used for welding 2195 aluminum lithium alloy materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an annealed structure of a welding wire spray-state ingot blank for an aluminum lithium alloy;
Detailed Description
For the purpose of enhancing the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, which are only used for explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A welding wire for spray forming of aluminum-lithium alloy is prepared from raw materials including, by weight, 6.1-6.9% of Cu, 0.2-0.7% of Ag, 0.25-0.5% of Ti, 0.2-0.5% of Zr, 0.01-0.08% of Cr, 0.04-0.12% of V, 0.0003-0.0012% of Be and the balance of Al, wherein the raw materials include pure aluminum, pure copper and an intermediate alloy of silver, titanium, zirconium, chromium, vanadium and beryllium.
Melting the components in a smelting furnace, adding 0.1-0.4% of C2Cl6 by mass into the melt, refining, stirring by an electromagnetic stirring device for 3-10 min, standing for 10-30 min after refining, filtering, atomizing the filtered alloy melt by high-purity inert gas, simultaneously rotating a receiving disc under the drive of a motor and pulling at the speed of 20-35 mm/s to prepare an ingot blank for the aluminum-lithium alloy with the specification of 480 phi 800mm, and cooling the alloy ingot blank and taking out.
Firstly, carrying out heat preservation on the alloy ingot blank at 515 +/-3 ℃ for 24 +/-0.2 h for carrying out homogenization annealing; then machining to a bar with the diameter of 160 mm; then hot extrusion is carried out, a phi 160 bar is extruded to a phi 10.5mm wire rod on a 2000T extruder, the specification of an extrusion cylinder is phi 170mm, the temperature of a blank is 450 +/-3 ℃, the temperature of a die is 420 +/-3 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 430 +/-3 ℃, the speed of an extrusion main push rod is 0.3mm/s, the speed reduction is 0.2mm/s when half of extrusion is carried out, and the extrusion ratio is 65.5; and finally, annealing and drawing wires, annealing the wire rods with the diameter of 10.5mm, drawing the wires, keeping the annealing process at 420 +/-3 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 +/-0.2 h, slowly cooling to 200 ℃, discharging from the furnace, air cooling, drawing the wires for 3 times to enable the diameter size of the wire rods to be drawn from 10.5mm to 5.5 mm. Under the process required by the embodiment 2, the welding wire for the aluminum lithium alloy, which has smooth surface, no defects of cracks, bubbles and the like, uniform structure, low impurity content (Fe is less than or equal to 0.12 percent, Si is less than or equal to 0.08 percent, Mg is less than or equal to 0.02 percent, Zn is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, other single impurity elements are 0.03 percent, the total amount is not more than 0.1 percent) and liquid hydrogen content of less than 0.15ml/100g of metal, can be prepared, and can be used as a welding flux of a 2195 aluminum lithium alloy material.
Comparative example: the Cu content in the welding wire is 6.1-6.9%, the solubility of Cu in Al is maximum at the eutectic temperature of 548 ℃, the Cu solubility is about 5.6% (mass percent), and when the Cu content exceeds the Cu content, the alloy prepared by the traditional casting process can generate macro segregation, the performance is poor, and related documents do not exist.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. A welding wire for spray forming of an aluminum-lithium alloy is characterized by comprising, by mass, 6.1-6.9% of Cu, 0.2-0.7% of Ag, 0.25-0.5% of Ti, 0.2-0.5% of Zr, 0.01-0.08% of Cr, 0.04-0.12% of V, 0.0003-0.0012% of Be and the balance of Al, wherein the Al-Cu-Ag-Ti-Zr-Cr-V-Be is used as a base body.
2. A preparation method of a welding wire for spray forming of an aluminum lithium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing an ingot blank: melting the components of the welding wire in a smelting furnace, adding 0.1-0.4% of C2Cl6 by mass into a melt for refining, stirring by an electromagnetic stirring device for 3-10 min, standing for 10-30 min after refining for filtering, atomizing the filtered alloy melt by high-purity inert gas, simultaneously rotating a receiving disc under the drive of a motor and pulling at the speed of 20-35 mm/s to prepare a welding wire ingot blank for an aluminum lithium alloy with the specification of phi 480mm 800mm, and cooling and taking out the welding wire ingot blank;
(2) homogenizing and annealing: carrying out homogenizing annealing on the welding wire ingot blank, wherein the homogenizing annealing process comprises the steps of heating to 515 +/-3 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 24 +/-0.2 h;
(3) machining: machining the annealed welding wire ingot blank to a bar with the diameter of 160 mm;
(4) hot extrusion: extruding a phi 160mm bar material to a phi 10.5mm wire material on a 2000T extruder, wherein the specification of an extrusion cylinder is phi 170mm, the temperature of a blank is 450 +/-3 ℃, the temperature of a die is 420 +/-3 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 430 +/-3 ℃, the speed of an extrusion main push rod is 0.3mm/s, the speed is reduced to 0.2mm/s when the half of extrusion is carried out, and the extrusion ratio is 65.5;
(5) annealing and wire drawing: and annealing the wire rod with the diameter of 10.5mm, drawing wires, keeping the annealing process at 420 +/-3 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 +/-0.2 h, slowly cooling to 200 ℃, discharging from a furnace, air cooling, drawing wires for 3 times to enable the diameter of the wire rod to be drawn from 10.5mm to 5.5 mm.
3. The welding wire for the spray forming of the aluminum lithium alloy and the preparation method thereof according to claim 2, wherein the method for preparing the aluminum lithium alloy in the step (1) is a spray forming process, and the rotational drawing speed of the receiving pan in the process is 20-35 mm/s.
4. The welding wire for spray forming of aluminum-lithium alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein the homogenizing annealing process in step (2) is performed at 515 ± 3 ℃ for 24 ± 0.2 h.
5. The welding wire for spray forming of Al-Li alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein 5 bars with diameter phi of 160mm are machined from 480mm bars in step (3).
6. The welding wire for spray forming of aluminum-lithium alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein the extrusion manner adopted in step (4) is four-hole discharging, the speed of the extrusion main push rod is 0.3mm/s at the beginning, the speed reduction at half of extrusion is 0.2mm/s, and the extrusion ratio is 65.5.
7. The welding wire for the spray forming of the aluminum-lithium alloy and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 2, wherein the annealing process in the step (5) is 420 ± 3 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2 ± 0.2h, the welding wire is discharged from the furnace for air cooling after being slowly cooled to 200 ℃, and the drawing pass is 3.
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| CN202111303708.0A CN114012305A (en) | 2021-11-05 | 2021-11-05 | Welding wire for spray forming of aluminum-lithium alloy and preparation method thereof |
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