CN114012191A - Electric spark grinding device and method suitable for bipolar grinding wheel of hard and brittle insulating material - Google Patents
Electric spark grinding device and method suitable for bipolar grinding wheel of hard and brittle insulating material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114012191A CN114012191A CN202111372137.6A CN202111372137A CN114012191A CN 114012191 A CN114012191 A CN 114012191A CN 202111372137 A CN202111372137 A CN 202111372137A CN 114012191 A CN114012191 A CN 114012191A
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H5/00—Combined machining
- B23H5/04—Electrical discharge machining combined with mechanical working
Abstract
The invention provides an electric spark grinding device and method suitable for a bipolar grinding wheel of an insulating hard brittle material, wherein the device comprises the following components: the device comprises a bipolar grinding wheel, an insulating medium layer, a power supply, a workpiece to be processed, a numerical control system and a workbench. The invention also discloses a processing method using the device, which comprises the following steps: installing a bipolar grinding wheel, respectively connecting two polar grinding wheels in the bipolar grinding wheel to the positive pole and the negative pole of a power supply, and placing a workpiece to be processed on a workbench; during machining, discharge parameters are set, spark discharge is generated at the edge of the bipolar grinding wheel, a large amount of heat is released, and under the action of high temperature and explosion force, the material is stripped from the surface of a workpiece matrix to be machined, so that the material is removed. Meanwhile, the carbonized layer generated by the discharge is removed by means of the physical grinding action of the grinding wheel. The invention has simple structure and stable work and is suitable for the field of machining.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of special machining, in particular to an electric spark grinding device and method suitable for a bipolar grinding wheel made of an insulating hard and brittle material.
Background
Common insulating hard and brittle materials such as optical fibers, engineering ceramics and the like are widely applied to various fields including aerospace, communication engineering, chemical engineering, metallurgy and the like due to excellent performances such as good wear resistance, heat resistance, hardness and the like. However, these materials have high brittleness, and the conventional machining means has large stress, so that the materials are easy to break or crack.
In recent years, many researchers have studied the electric discharge machining technique for insulating hard brittle materials. The method for processing the insulating hard brittle material by the electric spark which is widely applied at present mainly comprises an electrolytic electric spark processing technology and an auxiliary electrode electric spark processing technology. The electrolytic electric spark processing technology is that a workpiece to be processed is placed in electrolyte, a tool electrode is connected with a positive electrode of a power supply, the electrolyte is subjected to chemical reaction, bubbles on the surface of the tool electrode are gradually accumulated to form a bubble film, the bubble film is broken down by the tool electrode under certain voltage to discharge the electrolyte, and the peripheral non-conductive hard brittle material is melted due to high temperature generated by discharge, so that the purpose of removing the material is achieved.
The auxiliary electrode electric spark machining is to pre-place a metal sheet on the surface of a workpiece to be machined, wherein the metal sheet is connected with the cathode of a power supply, and a tool electrode is connected with the anode of the power supply. The machining is carried out in a working fluid after spark discharge is generated between the electrode and the metal sheet. The carbon element in the working solution and the splashed molten metal adhere to the surface of the insulating material to form a conductive layer. The tool electrode discharges with the newly formed conductive layer to achieve the purpose of removing material.
The electric spark processing is to remove workpiece materials by means of spark discharge between two electrodes, and the two electrode materials are required to have conductivity, so that the conventional electric spark processing method is difficult to process insulating hard and brittle materials.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the technical problem that the electric spark grinding machining of the hard and brittle insulating material is difficult, the electric spark grinding machining device and the electric spark grinding machining method which are suitable for the bipolar grinding wheel of the hard and brittle insulating material are provided. The polar grinding wheel I and the polar grinding wheel II are fixed together by insulating rubber to form a bipolar grinding wheel, the polar grinding wheel I is connected with a negative electrode of a power supply, the polar grinding wheel II is connected with a positive electrode of the power supply, a workbench is controlled by a numerical control system to move horizontally towards the bipolar grinding wheel, a workpiece to be machined is close to and contacts the bipolar grinding wheel, spark discharge is generated at the edge of the bipolar grinding wheel, a large amount of heat is released, and under the action of high temperature and explosive force, the surface of a base body of the workpiece to be machined is stripped by a material, so that the material is removed. Meanwhile, the surface carbonized layer after the electric discharge machining is polished by the physical grinding action of the bipolar grinding wheel, so that the high-quality and high-efficiency machining of the material is realized.
The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
an electric spark grinding device for a bipolar grinding wheel suitable for insulating hard and brittle materials, comprising: the device comprises a bipolar grinding wheel, a power supply, a workpiece to be processed, a workbench and a numerical control system; the bipolar grinding wheel consists of a polarity grinding wheel I, a polarity grinding wheel II and an insulating medium layer, wherein the polarity grinding wheel I and the polarity grinding wheel II are fixedly connected through the insulating medium layer, the polarity grinding wheel I is connected with the negative electrode of a power supply, and the polarity grinding wheel II is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply;
the workpiece to be processed is fixed on a workbench, the workbench is connected with a numerical control system and is positioned right in front of the bipolar grinding wheel, and the bipolar grinding wheel is arranged above the workbench; the workbench is controlled by the numerical control system to move horizontally towards the bipolar grinding wheel, the workpiece to be machined is close to and contacts the bipolar grinding wheel, spark discharge is generated at the edge of the bipolar grinding wheel, a large amount of heat is released, and under the action of high temperature and explosion force, the material is stripped from the surface of the base body of the workpiece to be machined, so that the material is removed. Meanwhile, the surface carbonized layer after the electric discharge machining is polished by the physical grinding action of the bipolar grinding wheel, so that the high-quality and high-efficiency machining of the material is realized.
Further, the polar grinding wheel I and the polar grinding wheel II are grinding wheels made of metal matrix particle reinforced composite materials, and the grinding wheels are made of metal matrixes made of the same or different conductive materials, particle reinforced grinding materials and binders.
Furthermore, the shape of the polar grinding wheel I and the polar grinding wheel II are both cylinders.
Further, the volume fraction of the particle enhanced abrasive in the polar grinding wheel is 50-90%.
Furthermore, the diameter of the polar grinding wheel I is 10-200mm, the thickness of the polar grinding wheel I is 1-5mm, and the diameter of the polar grinding wheel II is 10-200mm, and the thickness of the polar grinding wheel II is 1-5 mm.
Further, the insulating medium layer is insulating glue or insulating rubber.
Further, the thickness of the insulating medium layer is 10-100 μm.
Further, the power supply is an electric spark machining pulse power supply.
The invention also provides a processing method of the electric spark grinding device suitable for the bipolar grinding wheel made of the insulating hard and brittle material, which comprises the following steps:
step one, installing a bipolar grinding wheel: fixing a polar grinding wheel I and a polar grinding wheel II together by using an insulating medium layer to form a bipolar grinding wheel; the polarity grinding wheel I is connected with the negative electrode of a power supply, the polarity grinding wheel II is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and then the bipolar grinding wheel is arranged above the workbench;
placing a workpiece to be machined on the workbench, connecting the workbench to a numerical control system, and adjusting the position of the workbench through the numerical control system to enable the workpiece to be machined to be positioned right in front of the bipolar grinding wheel;
setting parameters of an electric spark discharge power supply, including a current parameter, a voltage parameter, a pulse width parameter and an inter-pulse parameter;
fourthly, controlling the workbench to horizontally move towards the direction of the bipolar grinding wheel through a numerical control system; during machining, spark discharge is generated at the edge of the bipolar grinding wheel, a large amount of heat is released, and under the action of high temperature and explosive force, the material is stripped from the surface of a workpiece matrix to be machined, so that the material is removed. Meanwhile, the surface carbonized layer after the electric discharge machining is polished by the physical grinding action of the bipolar grinding wheel, so that the high-quality and high-efficiency machining of the material is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the electric spark grinding device and the method for the bipolar grinding wheel of the insulating hard and brittle material, provided by the invention, have the advantages of simple structure and stable work, and are suitable for the field of machining. The bipolar grinding wheel and the workpiece to be machined are separated from the base body mainly by the high temperature and explosive force generated by electric discharge, and compared with the traditional grinding machining, the bipolar grinding wheel has the advantages that the acting force between the bipolar grinding wheel and the workpiece is small, and the bipolar grinding wheel is not limited by the strength and hardness and the conductivity of the material.
In conclusion, the technical scheme of the invention can solve the problem that the electric spark grinding of the hard and brittle insulating material in the prior art is difficult.
For the reasons, the method can be widely popularized in the fields of electric spark machining of the insulating hard and brittle materials and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general structure of a bipolar grinding wheel electric spark grinding device suitable for insulating hard brittle materials.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the bipolar grinding wheel of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a polar grinding wheel I; 2. a polar grinding wheel II; 3. an insulating dielectric layer; 4. a power source; 5. a workpiece to be processed; 6. a work table; 7. and (4) a numerical control system.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. Any specific values in all examples shown and discussed herein are to be construed as exemplary only and not as limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
As shown in the figure, the invention provides a bipolar grinding wheel electric spark grinding machining device suitable for insulating hard and brittle materials, which comprises: the device comprises a bipolar grinding wheel, a power supply 4, a workpiece 5 to be processed, a workbench 6 and a numerical control system 7; the bipolar grinding wheel consists of a polar grinding wheel I1, a polar grinding wheel II 2 and an insulating medium layer 3, wherein the polar grinding wheel I1 and the polar grinding wheel II 2 are fixedly connected through the insulating medium layer 3, the polar grinding wheel I1 is connected with the negative electrode of a power supply 4, and the polar grinding wheel II 2 is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply 4;
the workpiece 5 to be machined is fixed on a workbench 6, the workbench 6 is connected with a numerical control system 7 and is positioned right in front of a bipolar grinding wheel, and the bipolar grinding wheel is arranged above the workbench 6; the workbench 6 is controlled by the numerical control system 7 to move horizontally towards the bipolar grinding wheel, the workpiece 5 to be machined is close to and contacts the bipolar grinding wheel, spark discharge is generated at the edge of the bipolar grinding wheel, a large amount of heat is released, and under the action of high temperature and explosive force, the material is stripped from the surface of the matrix of the workpiece 5 to be machined, so that the material is removed. Meanwhile, the surface carbonized layer after the electric discharge machining is polished by the physical grinding action of the bipolar grinding wheel, so that the high-quality and high-efficiency machining of the material is realized.
In a preferred embodiment, the polar grinding wheel I1 and the polar grinding wheel II 2 are metal matrix particle reinforced composite grinding wheels made of metal matrix, particle reinforced abrasive and binder of the same or different conductive materials. The conductive material matrix is aluminum, copper and iron, and the particle reinforced abrasive is corundum, silicon carbide, diamond and cubic boron nitride.
In a preferred embodiment, the polar grinding wheel I1 and the polar grinding wheel II 2 are both cylindrical in shape.
As a preferred embodiment, the volume fraction of the particle enhanced abrasive in the polar grinding wheel is 75%.
In a preferred embodiment, the polar grinding wheel I1 has a diameter of 100mm and a thickness of 2mm, and the polar grinding wheel II 2 has a diameter of 100mm and a thickness of 2 mm.
In a preferred embodiment, the insulating medium layer 3 is insulating glue or insulating rubber.
In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the insulating dielectric layer 3 is 50 μm.
In a preferred embodiment, the power source 4 is an electric discharge machining pulse power source.
Example 1
As shown in figure 1, the electric spark grinding device for the bipolar grinding wheel suitable for the hard and brittle insulating material comprises the bipolar grinding wheel, a power supply 4, a workpiece 5 to be machined, a numerical control system 7 and a workbench 6. The workpiece 5 to be machined is placed on the workbench 6, the workbench 6 is connected to the numerical control system 7, and the position of the workbench 6 is adjusted through the numerical control system 7, so that the workpiece 5 to be machined is positioned right in front of the bipolar grinding wheel. The power supply 4 is an electric spark machining pulse power supply.
As shown in FIG. 2, the bipolar grinding wheel is composed of a polar grinding wheel I1, a polar grinding wheel II 2 and an insulating medium layer 3. The polar grinding wheel I1 and the polar grinding wheel II 2 are fixed together by an insulating medium layer 3 to form a bipolar grinding wheel. The polarity grinding wheel I1 is connected with the negative pole of the power supply 4, and the polarity grinding wheel II 2 is connected with the positive pole of the power supply 4. A bipolar grinding wheel is mounted above the table. The polar grinding wheel I1 is a copper-based diamond composite material with the diameter of 100mm and the thickness of 2mm, the polar grinding wheel II 2 is an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material with the diameter of 100mm and the thickness of 2mm, the insulating medium layer 3 is insulating rubber, and the thickness of the insulating rubber is 50 micrometers.
According to the electric spark grinding device for the bipolar grinding wheel made of the insulating hard and brittle material, the invention also provides a machining method for the electric spark grinding device for the bipolar grinding wheel made of the insulating hard and brittle material, and the machining process of a workpiece to be machined comprises the following steps:
firstly, installing a bipolar grinding wheel above a workbench: fixing a polar grinding wheel I1 and a polar grinding wheel II 2 together by using insulating rubber to form a bipolar grinding wheel; the polarity grinding wheel I1 is connected with the negative pole of a power supply 4, the polarity grinding wheel II 2 is connected with the positive pole of the power supply 4, and then the bipolar grinding wheel is arranged above a workbench 6;
secondly, placing a workpiece 5 to be machined on a workbench 6, connecting the workbench 6 to a numerical control system 7, and adjusting the position of the workbench 6 through the numerical control system 7 to enable the workpiece 5 to be machined to be positioned right in front of the bipolar grinding wheel;
thirdly, setting parameters of an electric spark discharge power supply 4, including a current parameter, a voltage parameter, a pulse width parameter and an inter-pulse parameter;
fourthly, controlling the workbench 6 to horizontally move towards the bipolar grinding wheel through the numerical control system 7, enabling the workpiece 5 to be machined on the workbench 6 to approach and contact the bipolar grinding wheel, and starting machining the workpiece 5 to be machined through the bipolar grinding wheel; during machining, spark discharge is generated at the edge of the bipolar grinding wheel, a large amount of heat is released, and under the action of high temperature and explosive force, the material is stripped from the surface of the matrix of the workpiece 5 to be machined, so that the material is removed. Meanwhile, the surface carbonized layer after the electric discharge machining is polished by the physical grinding action of the bipolar grinding wheel, so that the high-quality and high-efficiency machining of the material is realized.
The bipolar grinding wheel and the workpiece to be machined are separated from each other by the material through the high temperature and explosive force generated by discharge, and compared with the traditional grinding machining, the bipolar grinding wheel has the advantages that the acting force between the bipolar grinding wheel and the workpiece is small, and the bipolar grinding wheel is not limited by the strength and hardness and the conductivity of the material.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An electric spark grinding device for a bipolar grinding wheel suitable for insulating hard and brittle materials, which is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a bipolar grinding wheel, a power supply (4), a workpiece to be processed (5), a workbench (6) and a numerical control system (7); the bipolar grinding wheel consists of a polar grinding wheel I (1), a polar grinding wheel II (2) and an insulating medium layer (3), wherein the polar grinding wheel I (1) and the polar grinding wheel II (2) are fixedly connected through the insulating medium layer (3), the polar grinding wheel I (1) is connected with the negative electrode of a power supply (4), and the polar grinding wheel II (2) is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply (4);
the workpiece (5) to be machined is fixed on a workbench (6), the workbench (6) is connected with a numerical control system (7) and is positioned right in front of the bipolar grinding wheel, and the bipolar grinding wheel is arranged above the workbench (6); the workbench (6) is controlled by the numerical control system (7) to move horizontally towards the bipolar grinding wheel, the workpiece (5) to be machined is close to and contacts the bipolar grinding wheel, spark discharge is generated at the edge of the bipolar grinding wheel, a large amount of heat is released, and under the action of high temperature and explosive force, the material is stripped from the surface of the matrix of the workpiece (5) to be machined, so that the material is removed; meanwhile, the surface carbonized layer after the electric discharge machining is polished by the physical grinding action of the bipolar grinding wheel, so that the high-quality and high-efficiency machining of the material is realized.
2. The spark erosion grinding apparatus for bipolar grinding wheel with hard and brittle insulating material as claimed in claim 1, wherein said polar grinding wheel i (1) and said polar grinding wheel ii (2) are metal matrix grain reinforced composite grinding wheels made of metal matrix, grain reinforced abrasive and binder of same or different conductive material, the grain reinforced abrasive being present in 50-90% by volume of the polar grinding wheel.
3. The electric spark grinding machining device for the bipolar grinding wheel for the hard and brittle insulating material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the polar grinding wheel I (1) and the polar grinding wheel II (2) are both cylindrical in shape.
4. The electric spark grinding machining device for the bipolar grinding wheel suitable for the hard and brittle insulating material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the polar grinding wheel I (1) has a diameter of 10-200mm and a thickness of 1-5mm, and the polar grinding wheel II (2) has a diameter of 10-200mm and a thickness of 1-5 mm.
5. The electric spark grinding machining device for the bipolar grinding wheel for the hard and brittle insulating material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the insulating medium layer (3) is insulating glue or insulating rubber.
6. The electric spark grinding machining device for the bipolar grinding wheel for the insulating hard and brittle material as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the thickness of the insulating medium layer (3) is 10-100 μm.
7. The spark erosion grinding apparatus for bipolar grinding wheel of hard and brittle insulating material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said power source (4) is a pulse spark erosion power source.
8. The machining method of the bipolar grinding wheel spark-erosion grinding machining device for the hard and brittle insulating material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step one, installing a bipolar grinding wheel: fixing a polar grinding wheel I (1) and a polar grinding wheel II (2) together by using an insulating medium layer (3) to form a bipolar grinding wheel; the polar grinding wheel I (1) is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply (4), the polar grinding wheel II (2) is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply (4), and then the bipolar grinding wheel is arranged above the workbench (6);
placing a workpiece (5) to be machined on the workbench (6), connecting the workbench (6) to a numerical control system (7), and adjusting the position of the workbench (6) through the numerical control system (7) to enable the workpiece (5) to be machined to be positioned right in front of the bipolar grinding wheel;
setting parameters of an electric spark discharge power supply (4), including a current parameter, a voltage parameter, a pulse width parameter and an inter-pulse parameter;
fourthly, controlling the workbench (6) to horizontally move towards the direction of the bipolar grinding wheel through a numerical control system (7); during machining, spark discharge is generated at the edge of the bipolar grinding wheel, a large amount of heat is released, and under the action of high temperature and explosive force, the material is stripped from the surface of the matrix of the workpiece (5) to be machined, so that the material is removed; meanwhile, the surface carbonized layer after the electric discharge machining is polished by the physical grinding action of the bipolar grinding wheel, so that the high-quality and high-efficiency machining of the material is realized.
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| CN103978276A (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2014-08-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Bipolar electrode device for electric spark hole machining for insulating ceramic material |
| CN206936548U (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2018-01-30 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of selfreparing tool-electrode grinding type electric discharge device |
| CN112475491A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-03-12 | 大连工业大学 | Bipolar electrode electric spark machining device and method suitable for insulating hard and brittle materials |
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