CN114010065A

CN114010065A - Non-stick coating for cookware, manufacturing method thereof and non-stick cookware

Info

Publication number: CN114010065A
Application number: CN202111551677.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张明; 李超; 瞿义生; 袁华庭
Original assignee: Wuhan Supor Cookware Co Ltd
Current assignee: Wuhan Supor Cookware Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-12-17
Filing date: 2021-12-17
Publication date: 2022-02-08
Anticipated expiration: 2041-12-17
Also published as: CN114010065B

Abstract

The invention provides a non-stick coating for cookers, a manufacturing method thereof and a non-stick cooker. The non-stick coating comprises: a base layer having a surface roughness structure at an outer surface thereof and pores at an inner portion thereof; and a non-stick resin embedded between the surface roughness structures of the base layer and filling at least a part of the pores of the base layer, wherein the surface roughness structures include a plurality of composite protrusions distributed along the surface of the base layer, each composite protrusion including a large protrusion and a plurality of small protrusions formed on the outer periphery of the large protrusion. Therefore, the initial non-tackiness and non-tackiness durability of the non-stick coating can be improved.

Description

Non-stick coating for cookware, manufacturing method thereof and non-stick cookware

Technical Field

The present invention relates to non-stick coatings, and more particularly, to non-stick coatings for cookware, methods of making the same, and non-stick cookware including the non-stick coatings.

Background

Since nonstick cookers such as nonstick pans have been available, since they do not stick food to the pan bottom during cooking, the food sticking phenomenon that often occurs in the conventional pans during cooking can be avoided, so that the food can be prevented from being burnt, and the problem of harmful substances generated due to burnt food can also be avoided. Moreover, the non-stick pan not only has the washing degree of difficulty that reduces, can also easily fry in shallow oil simultaneously, fry in shallow oil food, has greatly promoted the pan and has used experience.

The non-stick property of non-stick pans is usually achieved by a non-stick coating disposed on the surface of the non-stick pan. With the development of non-stick coatings for non-stick pans, non-stick coatings have emerged that utilize a pore oil retention mechanism to achieve non-stick properties. The non-stick coating can meet the non-stick requirement of most of daily food materials, but still cannot effectively meet the non-stick requirement of some easy-to-stick food materials.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to solving the above-mentioned technical problems in the related art.

The object of the invention is to improve the initial non-stick properties of a non-stick coating.

It is also an object of the present invention to improve the durability of the non-stick coating.

The object of the present invention is not limited to the above object, and other objects of the present invention will be apparent from the description.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a non-stick coating for cookware, the non-stick coating comprising: a base layer having a surface roughness structure at an outer surface thereof and pores at an inner portion thereof; and a non-stick resin embedded between the surface roughness structures of the base layer and filling at least a part of the pores of the base layer, wherein the surface roughness structures include a plurality of composite protrusions distributed along the surface of the base layer, each composite protrusion including a large protrusion and a plurality of small protrusions formed on the outer periphery of the large protrusion.

In an embodiment, the matrix layer may have a porosity in a range of 3 to 15 volume percent.

In an embodiment, the peak height of each composite bump may be 10 μm to 20 μm, the peak pitch between two adjacent composite bumps may be not more than 20 μm, and the peak height of each small bump may be 1 μm to 4 μm, and the peak pitch between two adjacent small bumps on the same large bump may be not more than 2 μm.

In an embodiment, the large protrusion and the small protrusion may both be arc-shaped.

In an embodiment, the non-stick resin may be a fluororesin.

In an embodiment, the matrix layer may be formed from composite particles.

In an embodiment, the composite particles may include 69 wt% to 99 wt% of the ceramic particles, 1 wt% to 2 wt% of the binder, and 0 wt% to 30 wt% of the metal particles, in weight percentages based on the total weight of the composite particles.

In an embodiment, the ceramic particles may include one or more materials of titanium oxide, titanium nitride, titanium carbide, ferroferric oxide, iron oxide, ferrous oxide, aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, and nickel oxide.

In an embodiment, the metal particles may include one or more of titanium, titanium alloys, iron, stainless steel, low carbon steel, high carbon steel, cast iron, copper alloys, aluminum alloys, nickel, and nickel alloys.

In an embodiment, the binder may include a cellulose-based binder and/or an alcohol-based binder.

In embodiments, the composite particles, ceramic particles, and metal particles may all be spherical or spheroidal.

In an embodiment, the composite particles may have a porosity in a range of 5 to 30 volume percent.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a non-stick coating, the method comprising: forming a base layer on a substrate, wherein the base layer has a surface roughness structure at an outer surface thereof and pores at an inside thereof, the surface roughness structure including a plurality of composite protrusions distributed along a surface of the base layer, each composite protrusion including a large protrusion and a plurality of small protrusions formed on an outer periphery of the large protrusion; soaking the base material with the base layer in soaking liquid containing non-stick resin for a preset time; performing a drying process on the base layer to which the non-stick resin is attached; and performing a sintering process on the dried base layer to form the non-stick coating on the substrate.

In embodiments, the non-stick resin may be particulate and may have a particle size in the range of 1 μm to 5 μm.

According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a non-stick cookware comprising a substrate and a non-stick coating, wherein the non-stick coating at least partially covers an outer surface of the substrate, and the non-stick coating is a non-stick coating as described above.

Drawings

The above and/or other features and aspects of the present invention will become apparent and appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional schematic view of a non-stick cookware according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the surface roughness and porosity of the non-stick coating according to an embodiment.

Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view illustrating a composite protrusion having a surface roughness structure according to an embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view showing a non-stick coating according to an embodiment.

Fig. 5 is a schematic enlarged view of the region C in fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a schematic illustration of a composite particle according to an embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for manufacturing a non-stick coating, according to an embodiment.

Detailed Description

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. While exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described below, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

In the prior art, the non-stick coating realized by using a pore oil storage mechanism has certain functional defects, such as but not limited to, unsuitability for use environment with less oil and poor durability. In addition, the conventional non-stick coating with pores usually has a surface structure with multiple sharp protrusions, when the non-stick coating is used for cooking sticky food, the food is easily embedded into the surface structure of the non-stick coating due to the penetration of the sharp protrusions, so that the non-stick coating is difficult to peel off, and the sticking of a pan is caused.

To this end, the present invention improves the surface structure of the non-stick coating on the one hand and the pore structure of the non-stick coating on the other hand, thereby realizing a non-stick coating having excellent initial non-stick properties and non-stick durability.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional schematic view of a non-stick cookware according to an embodiment. Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view showing a surface roughness and pores of the non-stick coating according to the embodiment, and fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view showing a composite projection of the surface roughness according to the embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 1, non-stick cookware 100 may include a substrate 120 and a non-stick coating 140.

The substrate 120 may be the body of the non-stick cookware 100 and may include an inner surface for carrying food and an outer surface opposite the inner surface. The substrate 120 may comprise any suitable material commonly used in the art. Further, the substrate 120 may have various shapes depending on the type of non-stick cookware and/or the needs of the use scenario. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, when the non-stick cookware 100 is a non-stick pan, the substrate 120 may have a common pan body shape. It should be understood that the body portion of the non-stick cookware is shown in fig. 1 by way of example only, and that other portions are not shown, while the non-stick cookware according to the present invention may also have a common cookware structure such as a cookware handle (e.g., a pot handle).

The non-stick coating 140 can at least partially cover the substrate 120 to achieve non-stick in the covered area. For example, as shown in fig. 1, the non-stick coating 140 may be disposed on the entire inner surface of the substrate 120, but this is merely an example. The non-stick coating may be formed to cover a portion or all of the surface of the substrate 120, depending on the particular type of non-stick cookware and/or the actual non-stick requirements. For example, a non-stick coating may be disposed on a portion of the inner surface of the substrate 120 and/or may be further disposed on the outer surface of the substrate 120.

The structure of the non-stick coating 140 will now be described in conjunction with fig. 2 and 3. Fig. 2 is a schematic enlarged view of a region a in fig. 1, and fig. 3 is a schematic enlarged view of a region B in fig. 2.

The non-stick coating 140 according to an embodiment may include a base layer 141 and a non-stick resin 142. The non-stick resin 142 may be provided in the base layer 141, and a portion of the base layer 141 may be exposed to the outside.

In some embodiments, the base layer 141 may have a surface roughness structure at its surface. For example, the surface roughness may be distributed along the surface of the base layer 141 and may be a portion (e.g., the top) of the base layer 141. For example, as shown in fig. 1, when the non-stick coating 140 is disposed on the interior surface of the substrate 120, the surface roughness of the land layer 141 may be distributed over the entire surface of the land layer 141 away from the substrate 120. That is, the surface roughness of the land layer 141 may be disposed at the surface of the land layer 141 that is not in contact with the substrate 120 of the non-stick cookware 100.

Referring to fig. 2, the surface roughness structure of the base layer 141 may include a plurality of composite protrusions 10. The plurality of composite protrusions 10 may be distributed along the surface of the base layer 141 and may constitute the top of the base layer. The composite bump 10 may be a portion of the base layer 141 protruding in a direction away from the substrate 120.

As shown in fig. 2, the plurality of composite protrusions 10 may form a continuous undulating structure on the surface of the base layer 141, but this is merely a schematic structure given for convenience of explanation. For example, as shown in fig. 3, which will be described later, each composite bump 10 may include a large bump 20 and a plurality of small bumps 30 formed on the outer circumference of the large bump 20. The outer contour of the composite boss 10 may be collectively defined by the outer contours of the large boss 20 and the small boss 30 comprised by the composite boss 10, such that the plurality of composite bosses 10 as a whole (or macroscopically) assume the contour shape as shown in fig. 2. For example, the surface of the base layer 141 including such a composite protrusion 10 may have a wavy undulating structure having peaks and valleys.

Each of the plurality of composite protrusions 10 may have a peak height H of 10 μm to 20 μm. For example, the peak height H of each composite protrusion 10 may also be 11 μm to 19 μm, 12 μm to 18 μm, 13 μm to 17 μm, 14 μm to 16 μm, or 15 μm. Further, the peak pitch D between adjacent two composite protrusions 10 among the plurality of composite protrusions 10 is not more than 20 μm.

Here, the "peak height" means a distance from a peak top to a peak bottom of one peak (e.g., a single composite protrusion 10 herein) in a macro-relief structure formed by a plurality of protrusions (e.g., a plurality of composite protrusions 10 herein). Here, the "peak pitch" means a distance between peaks of two peaks adjacent to each other (for example, two composite protrusions 10 adjacent to each other) in the macro-relief structure formed of the plurality of protrusions (for example, the plurality of composite protrusions 10). It should be understood that although the peak heights and peak spacings are explained herein with the example of the composite protrusions 10 shown in fig. 2, the same explanation may be applied to other protrusion structures in the specification.

Further, it is illustrated in fig. 2 that the surface of the base layer 141 has a relatively uniform undulating shape, and the sizes of the respective composite protrusions 10 are substantially uniform with respect to each other, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, as shown in fig. 4, which will be described later, the plurality of composite protrusions 10 may be unevenly distributed on top of the base layer 141 and/or may be the same or different from each other in size (as long as their peak heights H and peak pitches D satisfy the above-described ranges).

Referring to fig. 3, a single composite bump 10 may include one large bump 20 and a plurality of small bumps 30. A plurality of small protrusions 30 may be formed on the outer circumference of the large protrusion 20. For example, a plurality of small protrusions 30 may be distributed on the outer surface of the large protrusion 30 and coupled to the large protrusion 30. The plurality of small protrusions 30 may or may not completely cover the outer surface of the large protrusion 20 to form an undulating protrusion structure on the large protrusion 20. For example, the outer circumferential profile of each composite protrusion 10 formed of the large protrusion 20 and the small protrusion 30 may have an undulating convex curve structure.

As shown in fig. 3, each small protrusion 30 may have a peak height h. The peak height h of each small projection 30 may be 1 μm to 4 μm, for example, 2 μm to 3 μm. Further, as shown in fig. 3, on the same large bump 20, the peak pitch d between the adjacent two small bumps 30 is not more than 2 μm. This ensures a certain non-tackiness while making the non-stick coating 140 at the valley position between the adjacent small protrusions 30 less likely to be damaged by foreign objects, thereby improving the non-stick life.

In some embodiments, when the non-stick coating 140 is applied to a substrate 120 having an arcuate surface (e.g., without limitation, a concave curved surface, an undulating surface, etc.), the peak-to-peak distance d between two adjacent small protrusions 30 on the same large protrusion 20 may be less than 2 μm.

Although fig. 3 shows that the plurality of small protrusions 30 are relatively uniformly distributed on the surface of the large protrusion 20 and have a relatively uniform size, the embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, as shown in fig. 5 to be described, the plurality of small protrusions 30 may be unevenly arranged on the surface of the large protrusion 20 and/or may have differences in size (as long as their peak heights h and peak pitches d satisfy the above-described ranges).

As described above, a plurality of composite protrusions 10 are distributed on the top surface of the base layer 141, and a plurality of small protrusions 30 are distributed on the top surface of a single composite protrusion 10. Such a structure may provide the surface of the base layer 141 with micro-rough structural characteristics. On one hand, when food is contacted with the non-stick coating 140, the various bulges can effectively jack up the food, so that the contact area of the food and the non-stick coating 140 is reduced, and the physical non-stick of the lotus leaf-like structure is realized. On the other hand, the above-mentioned various projections provide a large number of gaps therebetween, which can wrap and relatively stably store edible oil or the like in a large amount, thereby achieving good non-sticking of the stored oil.

In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1-3, the large protrusion 20 and the small protrusion 30 may each be arc-shaped. The large protrusions 20 may protrude from the base layer 141 in a direction away from the base material 120, and may have an outer surface in an arc shape. The small protrusion 30 coupled to the large protrusion 20 may protrude from the outer surface of the large protrusion 20 in a direction away from the large protrusion 20, and may have an outer surface having an arc shape. In other words, the large protrusions 20 may be protrusions having a convex curved surface integrally formed on the top of the base layer, and the small protrusions 30 may be protrusions having a convex curved surface formed (e.g., bonded) on the surface of the large protrusions 20. When the large protrusions 20 and the small protrusions 30 forming the composite protrusions 10 are both arc-shaped, the structure of the surface roughness structure formed by the plurality of composite protrusions 10 can be rounded, and the problem that each protrusion of the surface roughness structure punctures food due to being too sharp is avoided. In this case, since the food is not embedded in the surface layer of the non-stick coating due to puncture, the initial non-stick property of the non-stick coating can be improved, and the application range of the food material of the non-stick coating is expanded.

Referring again to fig. 1 and 2, the base layer 141 may also have pores p in its interior. The pores p may be distributed in the matrix layer 141. Although not shown, one or more pores p may communicate with each other to form a channel structure, and may also communicate outward through gaps between the surface roughness structures. The porosity of the base layer 141 on a volume percent basis may be in the range of 3% to 15% (e.g., in the range of 5% to 13%, in the range of 7% to 11%) or may also be 9%. That is, the percentage of the total volume of the pores p to the total volume of the base layer 141 may be within the aforementioned range. When the porosity is less than 3%, the pore oil storage amount is reduced, and finally, the non-tackiness is poor. When the porosity is more than 15%, the strength of the coating is reduced, resulting in poor abrasion resistance and finally in a short non-stick life.

In some embodiments, matrix layer 141 may be formed using a granular powder material, such as a granulated powder. In this case, the particulate material may be formed on the substrate 120 by a process such as spraying. The particulate materials formed on the substrate 120 may be stacked on each other and pores are formed therebetween. Further, when the base layer 141 is formed by a granular powder material, it is possible to form the pores p directly inside the base layer 141 and to form the surface roughness structure on top of the base layer 141. Examples of the granular powder material used herein will be described later in detail with reference to fig. 6. However, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

When the pores p are formed in the base layer 141, at least a portion of the pores p may be in communication with gaps between the protrusions of the surface roughness structure, for example, the plurality of composite protrusions 10, the plurality of large protrusions 20 (see fig. 3), and/or the plurality of small protrusions 30 (see fig. 3), to integrally form the pore structure in the base layer 141. The matrix layer 141 having such a pore structure can further improve the oil storage and oil storage stability of the non-stick coating 140 formed. Thus, better pore oil storage performance and better non-stick performance can be achieved. Furthermore, when the base layer having both the surface roughness structure and the pores is formed by the granular powder material, the process can be saved.

As described above, when the non-stick coating 140 has both the surface roughness structure and the pore structure, it is possible to obtain a non-stick coating having good initial non-stick properties and excellent pore oil-retaining non-stick properties. However, the non-stick properties achieved with the pore oil storage mechanism are relatively limited by the cooking scenario. For example, for cooking settings with low household oil usage, the amount of oil that can be stored by the pore structure of the non-stick coating 140 is limited, which can lead to a problem with the non-stick coating 140 in that setting (e.g., initial non-stick properties and/or non-stick properties during use).

Thus, referring to fig. 2 and 3, a non-stick coating 140 according to embodiments may also include a non-stick resin 142.

As shown in fig. 2, a non-stick resin 142 may be disposed between the substrate layers 141. The non-stick resin 142 may be disposed between the composite protrusions 10 constituting the surface roughness structure of the base layer 141 and allow a portion of each composite protrusion 10 to be exposed to the outside. In other words, the non-stick resin 142 may be embedded between the surface roughness structures of the base layer 141 to partially expose the surface roughness structures, surrounded by the composite protrusions 10 of the surface roughness structures of the base layer 141, and fill the spaces formed by the surrounding of the composite protrusions 10. The non-stick resin 142 may be lower than the peak of the relief structure on the surface of the base layer 141 (e.g., may be formed lower than the peak of the composite protrusion 10 adjacent thereto). As shown in FIG. 3, because each composite protrusion 10 of base layer 141 includes a large protrusion 20 and a plurality of small protrusions 30, non-stick resin 142 may also be embedded between large protrusions 20 and between small protrusions 30 of base layer 141. As a result, the non-stick resin 142 can be formed into a structure embedded between the surface roughness of the base layer 141.

As described above, the base layer 141 may include pores p in addition to the surface roughness structure. Thus, the non-stick resin 142 may also fill at least a portion of the voids p. For example, the non-stick resin 142 may fill the pores p located at the upper portion of the base layer 141 depending on process conditions, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, the non-stick resin 142 may fill more or all of the pores p in the matrix layer 141.

In some embodiments, the non-stick resin 142 may be a fluororesin, a silicone resin, or the like. In an embodiment, the fluororesin may include one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, modified polytetrafluoroethylene. In embodiments, the modified polytetrafluoroethylene may be a fluorinated ethylene propylene, a tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer, or the like. A soaking process may be employed to fill (e.g., adsorb and/or infiltrate) the non-stick resin 142 into the surface roughness and pores of the base layer 141. This will be described later.

The non-stick resin 142 itself has non-stick properties. When it is filled in the surface roughness and pores of the base layer 141, the non-stick property of the non-stick coating realized with the surface roughness and pores storing oil can be further improved. Furthermore, when it fills the surface roughness and the pores in the upper portion of the base layer 141, it may replace edible oil and the like to achieve a similar pore oil-holding non-stick effect, and thus, may maintain excellent non-stick properties of the non-stick coating 140 even with a small amount of cooking oil. In addition, it allows the aforementioned properties to be maintained over long periods of use as it fills more or all of the pores of the non-stick coating 140, which improves the non-stick life of the non-stick coating.

Fig. 4 is a schematic plan view showing a non-stick coating according to an embodiment, and fig. 5 is a schematic enlarged view of a region C in fig. 4.

As described above, a non-stick coating 140 (see FIG. 1) according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a base layer 141 and a non-stick resin 142 disposed in the base layer 141. Fig. 4 schematically illustrates a top plan view of such a non-stick coating 140 to explain the relationship between the placement of the base layer 141 (see fig. 2 and 3) and the non-stick resin 142 as shown in fig. 2. Fig. 5 schematically shows a top plan view of one composite bump 10 to explain the relationship between the composite bump 10 and the non-stick resin 142 as shown in fig. 3.

Referring to fig. 4, in the finally formed non-stick coating 140, a plurality of composite protrusions 10 may be distributed on top of a base layer 141 with a peak pitch D of no greater than 20 μm (e.g., in the range of 10 μm to 20 μm). The non-stick resin 142 (shown by hatching) may be distributed between the surface roughness structures of the base layer 141 composed of a plurality of composite protrusions 10 and fill the gaps between the surface roughness structures. As such, the non-stick resin 142 may have a "mosaic" structure in the surface roughness structure. With reference to fig. 2 and 3, it is understood that the non-stick resin 142 may extend from the surface roughness of the base layer 141 toward the inside of the base layer 141 to fill the pores p formed inside the base layer 141.

Referring to fig. 5, in the composite bump 10 of the non-stick coating 140 finally formed, a plurality of small bumps 30 may be distributed on the top of a single composite bump 10 (for example, formed on the outer surface of a large bump 20 (see fig. 3) included in the composite bump 10) at a peak pitch d of not more than 2 μm (for example, in a range of 1 μm to 2 μm). Non-stick resin 142 (shown by shading) may be distributed between the undulating structure formed by large protrusions 20 and small protrusions 30 and fill the gaps formed by the large protrusions 20 (see fig. 3) and small protrusions 30. In this manner, the non-stick resin 142 may also have a "damascene" structure on the composite protrusion. As will be understood in conjunction with fig. 2 and 3, the non-stick resin 142 may extend from the surface roughness of the base layer 141 toward the inside of the base layer 141 to fill the pores p formed inside the base layer 141 (e.g., in the large protrusions 20). As such, the non-stick resin 142 may be integrally embedded in the top of the base layer 141 and may further extend into the interior of the base layer 141, thereby achieving closure of the entire surface roughness and/or porosity of the base layer 141.

Further, fig. 4 and 5 show that the non-stick resin 142 substantially completely encapsulates the surface roughness of the base layer 141, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the non-stick resin 142 may partially encapsulate the surface roughness of the base layer 141, depending on the process conditions. That is, the non-stick resin 142 may not be formed or filled between some of the composite protrusions 10 and/or some of the small protrusions 30. For example, when the gap between two adjacent composite protrusions 10 is small due to their small peak pitch and/or large peak height, the non-stick resin 142 may not be filled between the two adjacent composite protrusions 10. For example, when the gap between two adjacent small protrusions 30 is small due to their small peak pitch and/or large peak height, for example, the non-stick resin 142 may not be filled between the two adjacent small protrusions 30.

The non-stick resin 142 may be formed (entirely) lower than the peaks of the micro surface structure of the non-stick coating 140, and thus, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the raised structures on the top of the base layer 141 may be partially exposed. In this case, the finally formed non-stick coating 140 can be made to retain a "lotus-like structure" to achieve physical non-stick properties. Further, since the non-stick resin 142 is not higher than the base layer 141 as a whole, the non-stick resin 142 does not contact a turning tool such as a spatula, a spoon, or the like during use, scratching and/or falling off of the non-stick resin 142 is prevented, and therefore, the durability of the non-stick coating 140 can be improved. In addition, the cooking operation can be directly performed by using a traditional hard turning tool, so that the application range of the non-stick coating 140 is expanded, and the practicability of the non-stick coating is enhanced.

By enabling the substrate layer to have the surface rough structure with the composite bulges and utilizing the non-stick resin to seal the surface rough structure, the overhead capacity of the non-stick coating to food materials can be improved, so that the initial non-stick performance of the non-stick coating can be improved, and the good non-stick performance can be kept under the condition of less oil consumption. In addition, when the non-stick coating is partially worn, the exposed surface rough structure still has good non-stick performance due to the structural characteristics, and the service life of the non-stick coating is further prolonged. At the same time, the surface roughness and/or pores can retain the non-stick resin therein to prevent complete peeling of the non-stick resin, and thus, can still have good non-stick properties (especially in the case of a small amount of oil).

The substrate layer of the non-stick coating according to embodiments of the present invention may be formed with surface roughness and/or porosity by various suitable processes. In some embodiments, the matrix layer may be formed by a granulated powder comprising composite particles.

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a composite particle according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 6 shows a schematic structure of one composite particle 40.

Referring to fig. 6, the composite particles 40 according to an embodiment of the present invention may generally have a particle form. The composite particles 40 may include first particles 41, second particles 42, and a binder.

The first particles 41 may have a larger particle size than the second particles 42. A plurality of second particles 42 may be attached on the surface of the first particles 31 to form a structure in which the plurality of second particles 42 wrap the first particles 41. The first particles 41 and the plurality of second particles 42 may be bonded to each other by a binder to form the composite particles 40. In this manner, the composite particles themselves may be porous, thereby enabling the matrix layer formed by the composite particles to also have some porosity.

In addition, fig. 4 illustrates only the composite particle 40 as a plurality of second particles 42 wrapping a single first particle 41 for convenience of explanation, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, in the composite particles 40, the first particles 41 may be formed by mutually bonding a plurality of first particles smaller in particle size than the first particles 41, and the second particles 42 may be formed by mutually bonding a plurality of second particles smaller in particle size than the second particles 42. In addition, a plurality of composite particles 40 may also be combined with one another to form one larger composite particle. In this way, the porosity of the composite particles themselves may be increased, and the porosity of the finally formed matrix layer may also be increased. Here, the bonding between the particles may be achieved by the interaction of the particles themselves and/or the action of the binder.

In an embodiment, the composite particles 40 having the above structure may have a porosity in a range of 5% to 30% by volume. As such, when the granulated powder composed of the composite particles 40 is formed into the matrix layer by using spraying (e.g., thermal spraying), it is possible to ensure that the porosity of the formed matrix layer is within a desired range. For example, the matrix layer may be formed to have a porosity in a range of 3 to 15 volume percent. Further, in some embodiments, the porosity of the composite particles 40 may be in a range of 8% to 27%, 11% to 24%, 14% to 21%, or 17% to 18%. As such, the porosity of the formed matrix layer may be adjusted based on the porosity of the composite particles.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, the first particles 41 and the second particles 42 may each be spherical or spheroidal (e.g., ellipsoidal or ovoid), and the composite particles 40 formed from the first particles 41 and the second particles 42 may also have a spherical or spheroidal shape as a whole. When the various particles have a spherical or spheroidal shape, the various projections contained in the surface roughness of the non-stick coating can be directly formed, and each projection can naturally have a corresponding arcuate structure. In this case, it is possible to save the number of processes, to reduce the post-treatment process for the surface roughness, and to improve the initial non-stick property of the non-stick coating.

In the composite particles 40, the first particles 41 may be ceramic particles or metal particles, and the second particles 42 may be ceramic particles. In other words, the composite particles may include ceramic particles, a binder, and optionally metal particles. In an embodiment, the ceramic particles may have a particle size ranging from 1 μm to 10 μm, and the metal particles may have a particle size ranging from 10 μm to 80 μm. The particle size of the ceramic particles and the particle size of the metal particles may be selected according to the requirements of the surface roughness and porosity of the matrix layer as described above.

The weight percent of the ceramic particles is 69 wt% to 99 wt%, the weight percent of the binder is 1 wt% to 2 wt%, and the weight percent of the metal particles is 0 wt% to 30 wt%, based on the total weight of the composite particles.

For example, when the composite particles include ceramic particles, a binder, and metal particles, the composite particles may include, in weight percent based on the total weight of the composite particles: 69.5 to 81 wt% of ceramic particles, 1 to 1.4 wt% of binder, and 17.6 to 29.5 wt% of metal particles; 75 to 87 wt% of ceramic particles, 1.2 to 1.6 wt% of a binder, and 11.4 to 23.8 wt% of metal particles; 81 to 93 wt% of ceramic particles, 1.4 to 1.8 wt% of binder, and 5.2 to 17.6 wt% of metal particles; or 97 to 98.9 wt% of ceramic particles, 1.6 to 1.9 wt% of binder, and 0.2 to 1.4 wt% of metal particles.

For example, when the composite particles include ceramic particles and a binder without including metal particles, the composite particles may include, in weight percent based on the total weight of the composite particles: 98 to 99 wt% of ceramic particles and 1 to 2 wt% of a binder; 98.2 to 98.8 wt% of ceramic particles and 1.2 to 1.8 wt% of a binder; 98.4 to 98.6 wt% of ceramic particles and 1.4 to 1.6 wt% of a binder; or 98.5 wt% ceramic particles and 1.5 wt% binder.

By including a predetermined weight of optional metal particles and ceramic particles, the composite particles can have high stability and good wear resistance, thereby enabling the non-stick coating formed therefrom to have good non-stick properties and non-stick life. For example, an increase in the content of the ceramic particles contributes to improvement of the non-sticking property. For example, an increase in the amount of metal particles can help to improve the adhesion of the non-stick coating to the substrate of the non-stick cookware. Further, when the weight of the binder is less than 1 wt%, since the proportion of the binder is small, granulation cannot be efficiently performed; when the weight of the binder is more than 2 wt%, the binder is in a high proportion, which easily causes the caking phenomenon after the subsequent spray sintering and other processes, thereby causing the problems of the overall production efficiency reduction and the like.

In an embodiment, the ceramic particles comprise one or more materials of titanium oxide, titanium nitride, titanium carbide, ferroferric oxide, iron oxide, ferrous oxide, aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, and nickel oxide.

In an embodiment, the metal particles comprise one or more of titanium, titanium alloys, iron, stainless steel, low carbon steel, high carbon steel, cast iron, copper alloys, aluminum alloys, nickel, and nickel alloys.

In an embodiment, the binder comprises a cellulose-based binder and/or an alcohol-based binder. For example, the cellulosic binder may include one or more of hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose. For example, the alcohol binder may include polyvinyl alcohol, polypropylene alcohol, and/or other higher alcohols. For example, the higher alcohols mean saturated alcohols or unsaturated alcohols having a carbon number of not less than 6.

By having the ceramic particles, the binder and optionally the metal particles comprise the predetermined material accordingly, the composite particles may have a high stability, a high wear resistance, etc., and thus the matrix layer formed thereby may also have corresponding properties.

In the examples, a composite particulate material (granulated powder) composed of the composite particles as described above may be produced by a "slurry-spray-dry-sintering method". Further, the composite particles may be formed by a series of processes of grinding, slurrying, spray drying, sintering, and sieving, among others.

In the milling process, ceramic powder material and/or metal powder material for forming composite material particles are milled. For example, the ceramic powder charge and/or the metal powder charge may be ball milled. After milling, the particles in the powder charge may be spheronized (or spheronized-like). In addition, the method of grinding treatment may also adopt any existing technology, and the present invention is not limited thereto.

In the pulping process, the binder and the auxiliary are first dissolved in water to obtain a mixed solution. The adjuvant may include one or more of a dispersant and a defoamer. In an embodiment, the dispersant may include one or more of citric acid and triethylhexylphosphoric acid, and the defoaming agent may include one or more of polyether, modified silicone oil, and silicone oil. The mixed solution may include 1 to 4 wt% of a binder, 0.5 to 1 wt% of a dispersant, 1 to 2 wt% of a defoaming agent, and the balance deionized water, in weight percent based on the total weight of the mixed solution. The dispersant functions to make the solid powder added to the slurry portion more uniformly during spray granulation for better dispersion; the defoaming agent has the effects of reducing the generation of binder foam, reducing the waste of the binder and ensuring better and accurate final granulation. Thus, in the examples, the weight of the dispersant and defoamer was in a positive proportional relationship to the weight of the binder. That is, the higher the weight of the binder, the higher the weight of the dispersant and the defoaming agent, based on the total weight of the mixed solution.

After obtaining the mixed solution, the ground ceramic powder material and the optional metal powder material are mixed with the mixed solution to obtain a slurry. Here, the slurry may have a solid content of 20 wt% to 70 wt% on a weight percentage basis. When the solid content of the slurry is less than 20 wt%, the process cost is too high due to long granulation time; when the solid content of the slurry is more than 70 wt%, the solid content is high, and the liquid content in the slurry is low, so that the subsequent spraying process cannot be stably carried out, and the production stability is influenced.

In the spray drying process, the obtained slurry is transported to a high speed liquid throwing disc at 6000 to 15000 rpm (preferably 6000 to 12000 rpm) to form liquid droplets. Subsequently, the droplets are blown into a drying tower of 100 ℃ to 400 ℃ by hot air of 60 ℃ to 100 ℃. In the descending process of the liquid drops, after 5 to 15 seconds of stay, spherical (or sphere-like) powder is formed. Since the initial particle size of the granulated powder is small, the overall particle size of the granulated powder formed after the binder is adhered is also relatively small, and therefore, the granulated powder can be thrown out only at a relatively low rotation speed, so that the process cost is saved.

In the sintering process, the powder formed by spray drying is sintered to a predetermined temperature to remove moisture in the granulated powder. Here, a sintering curve may be formulated according to physical properties of the granulated powder raw material to sinter to a predetermined temperature. For example, the predetermined temperature may be 95 ℃, 100 ℃, 120 ℃, 150 ℃, or the like. The heating rate of the sintering may be 5 ℃/min to 10 ℃/min, and the duration of the sintering process may be 3 hours to 10 hours. Since the initial particle size of the granulated powder is small and the overall particle size of the granulated powder formed after the binder is adhered is also relatively small, the sintering process can be completed with only a relatively low temperature rise rate and a relatively short holding time, so that the process cost can be saved.

In the screening process, the sintered granulated powder is screened, and the granulated powder is screened into powder with different particle size intervals according to the production requirement of the process. In the granulated powder finally obtained, a structure of granules + binder may be formed. In the particle + binder configuration, the particles may be one or more particles, and thus, the resulting granulated powder has a larger particle size than the original powder.

FIG. 7 is a schematic flow chart of a method for manufacturing a non-stick coating according to an embodiment of the invention.

The non-stick coating according to embodiments of the present invention can be formed on a substrate of a non-stick cookware using the following method.

Referring to fig. 7, in step S101, a matrix layer may be formed on a base material using the granulated powder including the composite particles described above. In an embodiment, the process of forming the matrix layer may be thermal spraying. Specifically, the process parameters of the thermal spraying may be: current, 250-600A; the flow rate of main gas (argon) is 1000-5000L/h; hydrogen flow rate is 20-300L/h; the powder feeding amount is 20-200 g/min. Wherein the porosity of the formed matrix layer can be controlled by controlling process parameters. For example, when the current and hydrogen flow rates are greater, the porosity of the formed matrix layer is relatively high; when the main gas flow rate is larger, the porosity of the formed matrix layer is relatively low. In addition, the various process parameters of the thermal spray may be selected depending on the characteristics of the composite particles used.

Since the composite particles themselves have pores and are not dispersed during the spraying process, and the granulated powder containing the composite particles is integrally stacked on the surface of the base material by spraying without substantially losing the characteristics of the particles contained therein, the matrix layer formed can be made to have the pore structure and porosity and surface roughness structure as described above with reference to fig. 2 and 3.

In step S102, the base material on which the base layer is formed may be soaked in a soaking solution containing a non-stick resin for a predetermined time.

In an embodiment, the soaking solution may be a solution containing 35 to 60 wt% of fluororesin particles, 2 to 12 wt% of a soluble acrylic resin, and 2 to 4 wt% of a cosolvent, with the balance being deionized water, in weight percentages based on the total weight of the soaking solution. In the embodiment, the solution may be a suspension of fluororesin dispersed in a solvent. In an embodiment, the matrix layer may have a porosity of 13% to 15%, and the fluororesin particles may have a particle size in a range of 1 μm to 5 μm (e.g., 1 μm to 3 μm, 2 μm to 4 μm, or 2 μm to 3 μm). When the particle size of the fluororesin particles is within the range, the filling and closing of the pores and the surface rough structure of the substrate layer by the fluororesin particles can be promoted, so that the efficiency and the effect of the soaking process are improved, and the initial performance and the service life of the finally formed non-stick coating (especially under the condition of less oil consumption) are ensured and prolonged. For example, the soak solution may be a finish oil of a conventional fluororesin paint, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. Further, although the process of adsorbing the non-stick resin to the base layer to fill the surface roughness and pores of the base layer is described here only by way of example of fluororesin pellets, the process or a process similar thereto is equally applicable to other types of non-stick resins. In addition, although not specifically illustrated, the co-solvent used herein may be one commonly used in the art to which the present invention pertains.

In an embodiment, the predetermined time in step S102 may be 10min to 30 min. In an embodiment, the predetermined time may be adjusted according to the roughness of the surface roughness of the non-stick coating. For example, the greater the surface roughness of the non-stick coating is raised, the longer the soaking time.

In step S103, a drying process may be performed on the base layer to which the non-stick resin is attached. For example, the drying process may be performed for 10min to 30min at a temperature of 80 ℃ to 100 ℃ on the base layer to which the non-stick resin is adsorbed. For example, the drying process may be performed at a temperature of 83 ℃ to 97 ℃ for 13min to 27 min. For example, the drying process may be performed at a temperature of 86 ℃ to 94 ℃ for 16min to 24 min. For example, the drying process may be performed at a temperature of 90 ℃ for 20 min. By executing the drying process, the non-stick resin can be more fully absorbed by the base layer, so that the filling rate of the non-stick resin to the surface rough structure and the pores of the base layer is improved, and the base layer can obtain a better sealing effect.

In step S104, a sintering process may be performed on the dried base layer to form a non-stick coating. In an embodiment, the sintering temperature may be 380 ℃ to 440 ℃, and the sintering time may be 3min to 10 min. For example, the sintering may be performed at a temperature of 390 ℃ to 430 ℃ for 5min to 8 min. For example, the sintering may be performed at a temperature of 410 ℃ to 420 ℃ for 6min to 7 min. The volume of the fluororesin adsorbed in the base layer may shrink through sintering, which causes the fluororesin, which may be higher than the base layer due to capillary action, to eventually form not higher than the peaks of the microstructure on the base layer, thereby causing the fluororesin to form as being embedded between the surface roughness of the base layer and filling at least a part of the pores of the base layer.

The non-stick coating produced by the process according to the above has improved porosity and improved surface roughness, and has a structure in which the pores and surface roughness are closed by a non-stick resin (for example, fluororesin). It should be understood that the properties of the non-stick coating produced by the above-described process are not limited thereto, depending on the details of the manufacturing process.

The non-stick coating and the method of making the non-stick coating of the present invention will now be described with reference to examples.

Example 1

In example 1, a non-stick coating was formed on a substrate using the following procedure.

Step S10: a substrate is prepared.

Step S20: a granulated powder was prepared. Specifically, the granulated powder was formed from a titanium nitride powder (as a ceramic powder material) having a D50 of 5 μm, a low-carbon steel powder (as a metal powder material) having a D50 of 30 μm, and hydroxymethylcellulose (as a binder) by the above-described "slurry-spray-dry-sintering system".

The composite particles included in the granulated powder had 78.9 wt% titanium nitride, 19.7 wt% low carbon steel and 1.4 wt% hydroxymethyl cellulose based on the total weight thereof as analyzed by XRD diffraction. The composite particles were tested to have a porosity of 18.9%.

Step S30: the granulated powder is sprayed on the surface of the base material by a thermal spraying process to form a base layer. The technological parameters of the thermal spraying are as follows: current, 500A; the flow rate of main gas (argon) is 1500L/h; hydrogen flow rate, 100L/h; powder feeding amount, 100 g/min.

The resulting matrix layer was found to have an average thickness of 50 μm and a porosity of 9.5%. Through detection, in the surface rough structure of the substrate layer, the average peak height of the composite bulges is 14.3 mu m, and the average peak pitch is 15.2 mu m; the average peak height of the small projections was 3.1 μm, and the peak pitch was not more than 2 μm.

Step S40: and (4) preparing a soaking solution. The soaking solution comprises 45 wt% of polytetrafluoroethylene particles, 7 wt% of soluble acrylic resin and 2.5 wt% of 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (cosolvent) based on the total weight of the soaking solution in percentage by weight, and the balance is deionized water. Wherein the polytetrafluoroethylene particles have a D50 of 3 μm.

Step S50: the base material on which the base layer is formed is soaked in the soaking solution for 20min so that the base layer adsorbs fluororesin particles.

Step S60: the substrate layer with the non-stick resin adsorbed thereon was dried at 85 ℃ for 15 min.

Step S70: the dried substrate layer was sintered at 410 c for 6min to finally form a non-stick coating.

Example 2

Example 2 differs from example 1 in that: titanium powder is used in place of the low carbon steel powder in step 20.

The composite particles of example 2 had 79 wt% titanium nitride, 19.6 wt% titanium and 1.4 wt% hydroxymethyl cellulose based on the total weight of the composite particles as analyzed by XRD diffraction. The composite particles were tested to have a porosity of 18.5%. The porosity of the base layer of example 2 was examined to be 9.4%, and in the surface roughness structure of the base layer: the average peak height of the composite bump is 14.1 μm, and the average peak pitch is 15.1 μm; the average peak height of the small projections was 3.1 μm, and the peak pitch was not more than 2 μm.

Example 3

Example 3 differs from example 1 in that: ferrosoferric oxide powder is used in place of titanium nitride powder in step 20.

The composite particles of example 3 had 78.8 wt% ferrosoferric oxide powder, 19.8 wt% mild steel, and 1.4 wt% hydroxymethyl cellulose, based on their total weight, as analyzed by XRD diffraction. The composite particles were tested to have a porosity of 18.8%. The porosity of the base layer of example 2 was examined to be 9.5%, and in the surface roughness structure of the base layer: the average peak height of the composite bump is 14.2 μm, and the average peak pitch is 15.2 μm; the average peak height of the small projections was 3 μm, and the peak pitch was not more than 2 μm.

Example 4

Example 4 differs from example 1 in that: titanium nitride powder is used in place of the low carbon steel powder in step 20.

The composite particles of example 4 had 98.6 wt% titanium nitride and 1.4 wt% hydroxymethyl cellulose based on the total weight of the composite particles as analyzed by XRD diffraction. The composite particles were tested to have a porosity of 21.2%. The porosity of the base layer of example 2 was examined to be 12.1%, and in the surface roughness structure of the base layer: the average peak height of the composite bump is 12.7 μm, and the average peak pitch is 15.2 μm; the average peak height of the small projections was 3.1 μm, and the peak pitch was not more than 2 μm.

Example 5

Example 5 differs from example 1 in that: steps S40 to S60 are omitted.

Example 6

Example 6 differs from example 4 in that: steps S40 to S60 are omitted.

Comparative example 1

Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that: according to step S30, a nonstick coating was formed directly using titanium nitride powder (78.9 wt%) having a D50 of 5 μm, low carbon steel powder (19.7 wt%) having a D50 of 30 μm, and hydroxymethyl cellulose (1.4 wt%).

Comparative example 2

A pot made of a commercially available fluororesin coating.

Measurement of initial tack-free and tack-free durability

Specifically, the test method is as follows:

(1) test method for initial tack free: the non-stickiness test method of the fried egg in GB/T32095.2-2015 is an initial non-stickiness test, and the test result is divided into I, II and III grades, wherein the non-stickiness of the I grade is the best, and the non-stickiness of the III grade is the worst.

(2) Non-stick durability test method: the test unit of the durable non-stick property test method in GB/T32388-2015 is times, and the higher the times, the better the non-stick durability, namely the longer the service life of the non-stick cookware.

The non-stick coatings of examples 1 to 6, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 were subjected to the initial non-stick and non-stick durability tests as described above. The test results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 test results for initial tack-free and tack-free durability

Examples of the invention	Initial non-tackiness	Non-stick durability (second)
			Example 1	Ⅰ	33000
Example 2	Ⅰ	32000
			Example 3	Ⅰ	34000
Example 4	Ⅰ	43000
			Example 5	Ⅰ	22000
Example 6	Ⅰ	26000
			Comparative example 1	Ⅲ	0
Comparative example 2	Ⅰ	8000

As can be seen from table 1, each of the examples according to the invention is able to have better initial non-stick and non-stick durability than the comparative examples.

As can be seen from table 1, by blocking the surface roughness and pores of the base layer with the fluororesin, the non-stick coating can be made to have further improved non-stick durability. That is, the blocking is performed by the fluororesin, so that the non-stick coating has longer non-stick property and longer service life.

The non-stick coating according to embodiments of the present invention can have improved initial non-stick properties and can maintain good non-stick properties under cooking conditions with a small amount of oil by including improved surface roughness and having a non-stick resin closure. Thus, the non-stick coating can be applied to a wider variety of food materials and can be applied to a wider range of cooking scenarios.

Embodiments according to the present invention can also provide a non-stick coating with improved durability.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims and their equivalents. The embodiments should be considered in descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Therefore, the scope of the invention is defined not by the detailed description of the invention but by the appended claims, and all differences within the scope will be construed as being included in the present invention.

Claims

1. A non-stick coating for cookware, the non-stick coating comprising:

a base layer having a surface roughness structure at an outer surface thereof and pores at an inner portion thereof; and

a non-stick resin embedded between the surface roughness of the substrate layer and filling at least a portion of the pores of the substrate layer,

wherein the surface roughness structure comprises a plurality of composite protrusions distributed along the surface of the base layer, each composite protrusion comprising a large protrusion and a plurality of small protrusions formed on the outer periphery of the large protrusion.

2. The non-stick coating of claim 1 wherein the substrate layer has a porosity in the range of 3 to 15 volume percent.

3. The non-stick coating of claim 1 wherein each composite bump has a peak height of 10 to 20 μm, a peak-to-peak spacing between two adjacent composite bumps is no greater than 20 μm, and

wherein the peak height of each small projection is 1 μm to 4 μm, and the peak pitch between two adjacent small projections on the same large projection is not more than 2 μm.

4. The non-stick coating of claim 1 in which the large protrusions and the small protrusions are each arcuate.

5. The non-stick coating of claim 1 in which the non-stick resin is a fluororesin.

6. The non-stick coating according to any of claims 1 to 5 wherein the matrix layer is formed from composite particles,

wherein the composite particles comprise 69 to 99 wt% of ceramic particles, 1 to 2 wt% of binder, and 0 to 30 wt% of metal particles in weight percentages based on the total weight of the composite particles,

wherein the ceramic particles comprise one or more materials of titanium oxide, titanium nitride, titanium carbide, ferroferric oxide, ferric oxide, ferrous oxide, aluminum oxide, chromium oxide and nickel oxide,

wherein the metal particles comprise one or more materials of titanium, titanium alloys, iron, stainless steel, low carbon steel, high carbon steel, cast iron, copper alloys, aluminum alloys, nickel, and nickel alloys, and

wherein the binder comprises a cellulose binder and/or an alcohol binder.

7. The non-stick coating of claim 6 in which the composite particles, ceramic particles and metal particles are all spherical or spheroidal.

8. The non-stick coating of claim 6 in which the composite particles have a porosity in the range of 5 to 30 volume percent.

9. A method of manufacturing a non-stick coating, the method of manufacturing comprising:

forming a base layer on a substrate, wherein the base layer has a surface roughness structure at an outer surface thereof and pores at an inside thereof, the surface roughness structure including a plurality of composite protrusions distributed along a surface of the base layer, each composite protrusion including a large protrusion and a plurality of small protrusions formed on an outer periphery of the large protrusion;

soaking the base material with the base layer formed in a soaking solution containing non-stick resin for a preset time;

performing a drying process on the base layer to which the non-stick resin is attached; and

and carrying out a sintering process on the dried base layer so as to form the non-stick coating on the base material.

10. The manufacturing method according to claim 9, wherein the base layer has a porosity in a range of 3 to 15% by volume.

11. The manufacturing method according to claim 9, wherein a peak height of each composite protrusion is 10 μm to 20 μm, a peak pitch between adjacent two composite protrusions is not more than 20 μm, and

12. The manufacturing method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the non-stick resin is in a granular form and has a particle diameter in a range of 1 μm to 5 μm.

13. Non-stick cookware comprising a substrate and a non-stick coating,

wherein the non-stick coating at least partially covers the outer surface of the substrate and

wherein the non-stick coating is the non-stick coating of any of claims 1 to 8.