CN114009182A - Split type on-film precision seeding system - Google Patents

Abstract

The application provides a separate type membrane precision seeding system. According to the seed sowing device, the air suction roller is used for absorbing seeds from the seed sowing port of the seed box, negative pressure is automatically removed from the interior of the air suction roller when the seeds rotate to the seed sowing position along with the air suction roller, so that the seeds fall down, the fallen seeds are accelerated by the seed conveying device through positive pressure and are downwards transported to the corresponding hole sowing devices, and the seeds are respectively sowed into seed holes one by each hole sowing device, so that precise hole sowing is realized. The seed metering device and the hole sowing device are separately arranged, and the rotating speed of the seed metering device can be correspondingly adjusted according to the advancing speed of the equipment, so that the hole sowing speed can be flexibly matched to realize accurate seed taking. The application of the seed metering device can automatically cancel negative pressure through the internal structure of the seed metering device, prevent the negative pressure from leaking, effectively reduce negative pressure loss, reduce power consumption of a fan, and can be matched with a positive pressure air-blowing type seed metering mode to quickly, efficiently and accurately convey seeds to a hill planter through a seed conveying pipe to complete high-speed precise hill planting on a film.

Description

Split type on-film precision seeding system

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a split type membrane precise sowing system.

Background

The precision seeding can save a large amount of seeds, reduce the workload of auxiliary operation, ensure that the seedlings are uniformly distributed, have good ventilation and light transmission, and can fully utilize the nutrition and moisture of the soil. Accurate row spacing for fine seeding, line formation of seedling strips, and is beneficial to mechanization of intertillage weeding in field management.

The seed metering device is used as a core component of precision seeding equipment, and mainly has the main function of effectively separating single seeds in a pile to realize accurate and reliable delivery of the seeds. Xinjiang is the largest cotton production area in China, and cotton has a very important role in national economy as a local important economic crop. In recent years, the main cotton production area in northern Xinjiang adopts an ultra-wide film planting mode, and six lines of cotton are planted under the film, so that the mode can meet the requirement of mechanical cotton picking and has the effects of warming, preserving soil moisture and preventing wind.

Although the existing air suction drum type seed sowing device has small damage to seeds and can finish six-row seed sowing by one device through the centralized row type roller, the existing roller has more holes and a vacuum air chamber has high pressure drop, so that the seed sowing function can be realized by a high-power negative pressure fan. The existing air suction drum type seed sowing device is difficult to be widely applied in the field due to the large power requirement of a tractor and large negative pressure energy consumption.

In addition, the traveling speed of the existing film-laying seeder is about 2.5-4km/h, and the working efficiency is about 24-38 mu/h. The planting area of a single block in a main cotton area in Xinjiang is often thousands of mu, continuous operation is usually required for several days if the single block is used for seeding through only one split type on-film precision seeding device, and great expense is brought to farmers if multiple blocks are used for seeding simultaneously. Because the sowing is not convenient and the workload of a single machine in a short period of sowing season is very large, a planter often carries out sowing operation in a mode of exceeding the set advancing speed of the machine, and the seed discharging performance of the existing equipment can not completely meet the sowing requirement during high-speed operation, thereby seriously affecting the cotton planting quality.

Disclosure of Invention

This application provides a formula of putting membrane precision seeding system to prior art's not enough, and this application can reduce the negative pressure loss through set up absolute pressure structure in the cylinder, can effectively reduce fan power consumption, and the seed metering mode of cooperation malleation air-blowing formula can be carried the seed to the dibbler through seed conveying pipe fast high-efficiently accurately, accomplishes high-speed precision dibble seeding on the membrane. The technical scheme is specifically adopted in the application.

In order to achieve the above objects, there is provided a split type on-film precision seeding system, comprising: the seed discharging device comprises a seed box and an air suction roller arranged outside a seed discharging port of the seed box, wherein the surface of the air suction roller is provided with suction holes, the suction holes rotate along with the air suction roller, the upper part of the air suction roller adsorbs seeds from the seed discharging port under negative pressure to synchronously rotate, and the negative pressure is cancelled in the circumferential direction at the lower part of the air suction roller, so that the seeds adsorbed on each row of the periphery of the air suction roller fall one by one; the top of the seed conveying device receives the seeds falling from the seed sowing device, and the seeds are accelerated and moved to the hole sowing device connected to the bottom of the seed conveying device through positive pressure; the hole sowing device synchronously operates along the mulching film along with the seed sowing device to throw the single seeds into the seed holes, and precision hole sowing is completed.

Optionally, in any of the above-described split type membrane precision seeding systems, the seed sowing device is fixed by a frame, the seed box and the air suction drum are respectively disposed at the front and middle of the frame, and a seed thrower 7 is further horizontally disposed at a negative pressure cancellation position along the outer wall of the air suction drum at the rear of the frame; a plurality of suction holes are arranged on the surface of the air suction roller along the axial direction in a staggered manner, and the seed throwing device 7 respectively receives seeds falling after the negative pressure of each suction hole is removed; the seed conveying device comprises a plurality of seed conveying pipes communicated with the bottom of the seed throwing device 7, each seed conveying pipe is correspondingly arranged at the position where the seeds fall after the negative pressure of each row of suction holes is removed, positive pressure downward air flow is arranged in each seed conveying pipe, and the bottom end of each seed conveying pipe is connected with a hole sowing device respectively for hole sowing at the advancing speed of 6-8 km/h.

Optionally, the split type membrane precision seeding system as described in any one of the above, wherein the inside of the air suction drum is provided with a negative pressure and contains: the inner roller is arranged in the inner cavity of the air suction roller and is filled at the lower part of the inner cavity of the air suction roller; and the pressure stopping block is tightly attached and abutted between the periphery of the inner roller and the inner wall of the air suction roller to block each suction hole at the bottom of the air suction roller so as to prevent negative pressure from leaking.

Optionally, in any of the above-described split type membrane precision seeding system, the seed injector 7 is parallel to the axial direction of the air suction drum, and is attached to the outer circumferential surface of the air suction drum and disposed below the first pressure insulation block at the top of the rear side of the inner drum.

Optionally, the split type membrane precision seeding system as described in any one of the above, wherein a plurality of mounting grooves are respectively arranged inside the rows of suction holes along the outer periphery of the inner drum, and elastic member mounting positions are respectively arranged at the bottom inside the mounting grooves; the absolute pressure blocks are respectively arranged in the installation grooves, the inner sides of the absolute pressure blocks are respectively connected with an elastic piece, and the bottom of the elastic piece is fixedly arranged in the installation position of the elastic piece to provide elastic limit; in the process that the air suction roller rotates backwards from the seed sowing port, the absolute pressing block compresses the elastic part and keeps the outer side wall of the absolute pressing block tightly attached to the inner side wall of the air suction roller.

Optionally, the split type precision film seeding system is characterized in that the spacing distance between two adjacent absolute pressure blocks is set to be not more than the spacing distance between two adjacent suction holes in the same direction.

Optionally, the split type membrane precision seeding system as described above, wherein the inner wall of the air suction drum is polished circumferentially and smoothly, the pressure insulation block is made of POM material, and an outer side wall of the pressure insulation block is configured to be an arc surface matching an inner diameter of the air suction drum.

Optionally, in any of the above-described split type membrane precision seeding systems, the air suction drum and the inner drum are coaxially disposed on the same negative pressure shaft, the top of the inner drum is fixedly connected to the negative pressure shaft through a semi-annular connecting portion disposed at an interval, and the bottom of the inner drum is attached to and seals off suction holes disposed on the lower side of the inner wall of the air suction drum through a pressure insulation block; the upper surface of the negative pressure shaft is also provided with openings between the semi-annular connecting parts of the inner roller, one end of the negative pressure shaft is connected with the vortex fan, the other end of the negative pressure shaft is sealed, and through the openings, air is extracted from the upper part of the inner cavity of the air suction roller to the region between the seed box seed metering port to form negative pressure, so that seeds are sucked and distributed outside the suction holes.

Optionally, in any of the above split type membrane precision seeding systems, the left end and the right end of the air suction drum are respectively sealed by end covers, the end covers are arranged on the outer side of the inner drum and are rotatably connected with the negative pressure shaft through bearings, the inner ring and the outer ring of each bearing, the negative pressure shaft and the end covers are respectively in interference fit, and the outer side of each end cover is further connected with a transmission device to drive the end covers and the suction holes on the air suction drum to synchronously rotate.

Optionally, as for any one of the above-mentioned split type membrane precision seeding systems, an electric linear telescopic machine is connected to the bottom of the seed box, and the electric linear telescopic machine drives the whole seed box to swing back and forth left and right to enable seeds in the seed box to move back and forth relative to the outer wall of the suction drum, so that friction between the seeds is reduced, and the seed discharge port can conveniently move back and forth along the axis direction of the negative pressure shaft to suck the seeds through the negative pressure of each row of suction holes.

Advantageous effects

The application provides a separate type membrane precision seeding system. The air suction roller is used for absorbing seeds from a seed box seed sowing port, negative pressure is automatically removed from the interior of the air suction roller when the seeds rotate to a seed sowing position along with the air suction roller, the seeds which fall are accelerated by the seed conveying device through positive pressure and are transported downwards to the corresponding hole sowing devices, and the hole sowing devices are respectively used for throwing the seeds into seed holes one by one, so that precise hole sowing is realized. The seed metering device and the hole sowing device are separately arranged, and the rotating speed of the seed metering device can be correspondingly adjusted according to the advancing speed of the equipment, so that the hole sowing speed can be flexibly matched to realize accurate seed taking. The application of the seed metering device can automatically cancel negative pressure through the internal structure of the seed metering device, prevent the negative pressure from leaking, effectively reduce negative pressure loss, reduce power consumption of a fan, and can be matched with a positive pressure air-blowing type seed metering mode to quickly, efficiently and accurately convey seeds to a hill planter through a seed conveying pipe to complete high-speed precise hill planting on a film.

Further, this application forms the laminating in the absolute pressure structure of air suction drum inner chamber bottom through interior cylinder and absolute pressure block assembly. The top of the inner roller is sealed and is fixedly arranged at the lower part of the inner cavity of the air suction roller through the negative pressure shaft, and the lower space of the inner cavity of the air suction roller is filled, so that the volume of a negative pressure suction area can be effectively reduced, the suction power of a fan is reduced, and the energy consumption of a system is reduced. The application of interior cylinder bottom still seals the butt in the cylinder inside wall is inhaled to the gas through stopping up the sealed butt of briquetting, can withdraw the negative pressure through stopping up each suction hole in gas absorption cylinder bottom to prevent the negative pressure and inhale the cylinder bottom and respectively inhale the hole and leak, thereby further reduction fan energy consumption.

In addition, the suction holes arranged on the side wall of the air suction roller are provided with a plurality of rows in a staggered arrangement mode. The staggered suction hole arrangement mode can respectively suck a plurality of seeds at adjacent rotating positions, and respectively and independently cancel negative pressure adsorption in a particle-by-particle mode, so that the seeds extracted from each row of suction holes are fed into the seed conveying device and the hole sowing device one by one, and the seeds are provided one by one in cooperation with the sowing speed of the hole sowing device to realize accurate sowing. In the arrangement mode, the seed taking and seeding efficiency of the air suction drum is greatly improved, so that the air suction drum can be correspondingly arranged to suck seeds at a lower rotating speed, the seed sucking time is prolonged, and each seed can be stably attached to the periphery of the air suction drum through the negative pressure corresponding to the suction hole and is not easy to fall off due to the bumping or deformation of the drum. Therefore, the application can also effectively improve the seed taking rate and avoid miss-seeding.

This application is through providing the downward air current of malleation in seed conveying pipe to the seed is blown to the malleation air current, thereby makes the seed that falls by the throwing kind of a ware through vertical pipe by the quick air current that comes from the inclined tube move to the hill-drop planter device. This application can make the seed accelerate and reduce the collision probability of seed and pipe wall in the seed conveying pipe through the positive pressure air current, reduces the uncertainty that the seed moved the transportation in-process. The top connector of the seed conveying pipe for positive pressure seed blowing has the advantages that one end of the vertical pipe extends outwards to the axis of the inclined pipe to form a sudden expansion structure, so that seeds falling from the vertical pipe cannot be blown back by air flow, and therefore the phenomenon of missed seeding cannot occur. The positive pressure seed conveying pipe can divide the seed metering device and the hole sowing device, so that the negative pressure of the seed metering device is reduced, the rotating speed is reduced, and the working efficiency and the performance of the seed metering device are improved; and the hole sowing device can accurately receive the seeds transported in the seed conveying pipe one by one for hole sowing. Therefore, the device can realize the operation speed of 6-8km/h, the sowing efficiency is greatly improved, and the precision sowing can be realized for the hole sowing crops on the film through the system.

Additional features and advantages of the application will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the application.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the application and not limit the application. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a precision seed planting device;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a seed metering device;

FIG. 3 is a side view of the air-suction drum of the seed metering device;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the A-A side of the air suction drum of the seed metering device;

FIG. 5 is a front view of the air suction drum of the seed metering device;

FIG. 6 is an assembled cross-sectional view of the B-B plane inside the air suction drum of the seed metering device;

FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged view of the operating state of the insulating block of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a front view of the inner drum;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the inner roller at plane C-C;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an absolute pressure block structure;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a seed delivery apparatus;

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the D-D face of the seed blow fitting;

fig. 13 is an exploded view of the bunch planting device.

Reference numbers in the figures: 1-a seed sowing device; 2-a seed conveying device; 3-a hole sowing device; 101-mounting on a frame; 102-an end cap; 103-big chain wheel; 104-a negative pressure shaft support; 105-a vortex fan; 106-lower rack; 107-a reduction motor; 108-small sprocket; 109-a chain; 110-electric linear compressor; 111-a seed box; 112-a suction drum; 113-a bearing; 114-common flat bond; 115-an inner drum; 116-a negative pressure shaft; 117-seed throwing device; 118-set screws; 119-absolute pressing block; 120-a spring; 201-seed blowing joint; 202-seed conveying pipe; 301-a drive shaft; 302-a platen; 303-fixed disc assembly; 304-seed inlet; 305-arc-shaped retaining ring; 306-seed baffle; 307-hole dividing disc; 308-a retainer ring; 309-race assembly; 310-moving disk assembly.

Detailed Description

In order to make the purpose and technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present application. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the application without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the application.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

The meaning of "and/or" as used herein is intended to include both the individual components or both.

The meaning of "inside, outside" in this application means that, with respect to the cylinder itself, the direction from its surface towards the internal bearing of the cylinder is inside, and vice versa outside; and not as a specific limitation on the mechanism of the device of the present application.

The terms "left and right" as used herein refer to the left and right of the user when the user is facing the forward direction of the split-type on-film precision seeding system, rather than the specific limitations on the mechanism of the apparatus of the present application.

The term "connected" as used herein may mean either a direct connection between components or an indirect connection between components via other components.

The meaning of "up and down" in this application means that the direction from the hole sowing device to the seed sowing device is up when the user is facing the forward direction of the split type on-film precision seeding system, otherwise it is down, not the specific limitation of the device mechanism of this application.

The meaning of "front and back" in this application means that when the user is facing the forward direction of the split type on-film precision seeding system, the horizontal direction from the hole seeding device to the seed discharging device along the forward direction of the split type on-film precision seeding system is front, otherwise, the horizontal direction is back, and the device mechanism is not specifically limited in this application.

Fig. 1 shows a split type membrane precision seeding system according to the present application, which comprises a seed sowing device 1, a seed conveying device 2 and a hole sowing device 3. The seed sowing device 1 is fixed on a tractor or other traction equipment through a frame, and is connected with a hill-drop planter 3 which is arranged on a mulching film and is synchronously pulled to move by the traction equipment through a seed conveying device 2.

The seed metering device is an air suction drum type. The main components of the device comprise a seed box 111 shown in figure 2 and an air suction roller 112 arranged outside a seed discharging port of the seed box 111. The surface of the air suction drum 112 is provided with suction holes, the suction holes rotate along with the air suction drum 112, the seeds are sucked by the seed sowing ports of the seed box 111 at the upper part of the air suction drum 112 by negative pressure to synchronously rotate, and the negative pressure is cancelled at the lower part of the air suction drum 112 in the circumferential direction, so that the seeds sucked by the seed sowing ports of each row at the periphery of the air suction drum 112 respectively fall one by one. The left side and the right side of the air suction roller are respectively fixed with an end cover through bolts so as to be sealed by the end covers, and a closed space of an inner cavity is formed inside the air suction roller. The inner periphery of the end cover is provided with a bearing, and the bearing surrounds the outer periphery of the negative pressure shaft through a bearing inner ring and is in rotary connection with the negative pressure shaft 116. The inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing are respectively in interference fit with the negative pressure shaft and the end cover. The negative pressure shaft can be directly arranged on a support at the upper part of the frame and the setting angle of the negative pressure shaft is fixed by a bolt. The outside of the air suction drum 112 can be provided with a large chain wheel as a transmission device, the large chain wheel is fixed with the end cover bolt, the large chain wheel is driven by a small chain wheel outside the motor through a chain, the small chain wheel is driven by the motor, and the large chain wheel is driven by the small chain wheel through the chain, so that the large chain wheel drives the air suction drum 112 to keep the air suction drum to rotate at the rotation frequency matched with the seeding speed to suck seeds and remove negative pressure at a proper position one by one to realize seed metering.

The seed conveying device 2 adopts a positive pressure air flow seed blowing mode, seeds falling from a seed thrower arranged outside the seed metering device 1 are received from the top in a mode of a graph 11, the falling seeds are quickly conveyed to the hole sowing device 3 through the vertical pipe by positive pressure air flow from the inclined pipe, the positive pressure air flow accelerates the seeds in the seed conveying pipe, the collision probability with the pipe wall is reduced, the movement uncertainty is reduced, and miss sowing is avoided.

The hole sowing device 3 synchronously operates along the mulching film along with the seed sowing device 1, receives the seeds transported from the seed conveying device one by one, throws the single seeds into the seed holes, and completes precise hole sowing.

Therefore, the air suction roller can be used for adsorbing seeds from the seed box seed discharging port through a split type seed taking and feeding mode, negative pressure is automatically withdrawn from the interior of the air suction roller when the seeds rotate to the seed discharging position along with the air suction roller, the seeds fall down by means of self gravity and rotating inertia through withdrawing the negative pressure suction force, and the fallen seeds are received by the seed feeding port of the seed conveying device. The seeds are accelerated to move downwards to the corresponding hole sowing devices through positive pressure, and the seeds are respectively thrown into the seed holes one by each hole sowing device, so that the hole sowing device can realize precise hole sowing and complete high-speed operation. The seed sowing device can be independently arranged to be matched with the hole sowing device in speed ratio, so that different operation speeds can be adapted, one seed can be orderly taken out at the advancing speed of 6-8km/h by using negative pressure and sent to the hole sowing device through the positive pressure seed conveying pipe, and the hole sowing device can form holes on the film and carry out accurate hole sowing. The advancing speed of the existing air-suction type film-laying seeder 3 film 18 rows is about 2.5-4km/h, and the operation speed is improved by nearly one time because the suction holes are arranged in a staggered way and the air-suction roller can throw twice the seeds under the condition of the same rotating speed.

In concrete implementation, as shown in fig. 2 to 10, the seed metering device 1 of the present application is fixed by a frame, the seed box 111 and the air suction drum 112 are respectively arranged at the front part and the middle part of the frame, a seed feeder 117 with a long strip structure is horizontally arranged at the negative pressure canceling position along the outer wall of the air suction drum 112 at the rear part of the frame, and meanwhile, the vortex fan 105 is installed to provide negative pressure and the speed reduction motor 107 is installed to provide driving for the air suction drum 112 through large and small chain wheels by utilizing the bottom space of the frame. The vortex fan is connected to one end of a negative pressure shaft arranged inside the air suction roller 112 through a bent pipe, the other end of the negative pressure shaft is of a closed structure, and air in the air suction roller 112 is sucked through an opening in the negative pressure shaft to form negative pressure adsorption seeds. Inside the air suction cylinder 112 is coaxial with an inner cylinder 115 arranged on the same negative pressure shaft 116, thereby reducing the negative pressure suction space by filling the inner cylinder 115 in the lower inner cavity of the air suction cylinder 112, so as to reduce the requirement on the power flow of the fan, and the periphery of the inner cylinder 115 is provided with a dead pressing block 119, the dead pressing block 119 is tightly attached and abutted between the periphery of the inner cylinder 115 and the inner wall of the air suction cylinder 112, the dead pressing block can reciprocate in the inner cylinder installation groove due to the influence of the out-of-roundness of the inner wall of the cylinder, but the outer wall of the dead pressing block can always contact with the inner wall of the cylinder and block each suction hole at the bottom of the air suction cylinder 112, and the negative pressure is prevented from being leaked.

Wherein, the surface of the air suction drum 112 may be provided with a plurality of suction holes staggered along the axial direction thereof in the manner of fig. 4 or 5, and each suction hole may include two or more sets of single-row suction holes staggered. The seed injector 117 is arranged at the rear side of the air suction roller 112, is parallel to the axial direction of the air suction roller 112, and is attached to the negative pressure canceling position corresponding to the lower part of the first pressure insulating block 119 arranged at the top of the rear side of the inner roller 115 on the peripheral surface of the air suction roller 112. The negative pressure in the air suction roller 112 is cancelled by the negative pressure block blocking the suction hole in the rolling process, the seeds originally adsorbed outside the suction hole at the cancellation position correspondingly fall into the seed thrower due to the fact that the negative pressure suction force is cancelled after the seeds rotate to the negative pressure cancellation position, and the seed thrower respectively receives the seeds falling from the surface of the air suction roller 112 after the negative pressure of each row of suction holes is cancelled so as to convey the seeds to the seed conveying device 2. For the air suction drum shown in fig. 5 with 6 rows of seed suction holes arranged in a broken manner, each staggered seed falls down alternately at the negative pressure canceling position respectively in the rotation process and enters the same seed throwing port.

In concrete implementation, referring to fig. 11 to 12, the seed conveying device 2 includes a plurality of seed conveying pipes 202 communicated with the bottom of the seed thrower 117, each seed conveying pipe 202 is correspondingly disposed at a position where the seeds fall after the negative pressure is removed from each row of suction holes, a positive pressure downward air flow is introduced into each seed conveying pipe 202 through a pipeline port obliquely disposed at the top, and the bottom end of each seed conveying pipe 202 is connected with a hill-drop planter 3 respectively for hill-drop at a traveling speed of 6-8 km/h.

In a specific implementation, referring to fig. 13, the hill-drop device 3 is composed of a transmission shaft 301, a pressure plate 302, a fixed plate assembly 303, a seed inlet 304, an arc-shaped retainer ring 305, a seed retainer 306, a hill-separating plate 307, a retainer ring 308, a seed ring assembly 309, and a movable plate assembly 310. The hole dividing plate 307 is fixedly installed on the movable plate assembly 310 through bolts and rotates synchronously with the movable plate assembly 310. The periphery of the seedring assembly 309 is provided with a duckbilled structure, holes are punched in the soil through the duckbilled structure, the seedring assembly 309 is rotatably arranged on the movable disk assembly 310, and the check ring 308 is arranged in the seedring assembly 309. The seed baffle 306 is mounted on the hole separating disc 307 through bolts, and the seed baffle 306 and the hole separating disc 307 are fixed through bolts to synchronously rotate around a shaft. The arc-shaped retaining ring 305 and the fixed disc assembly 303 are fixed by bolts and do not rotate along with the shaft. The retainer ring 308 is also arranged to be non-rotatable relative to the shaft. The pressure plate 302 and the movable plate assembly 310 are fastened through pressure plate bolts to press and fix the middle parts together, the shaft rotates around the shaft, and the transmission shaft 301 penetrates through the fixed plate assembly 303 and the movable plate assembly 310 and is fastened through bolts. The seeds are rapidly transported to the seed inlet 304 of the hole sowing device 3 through the seed conveying pipe 202, and the seeds enter the seed separating grid in the hole separating disc 307 from the square hole of the seed baffle 306. The seed separating grids in the hole separating disc 307 carry seeds and rotate clockwise around the transmission shaft 301 under the drive of the movable disc assembly 310, the arc-shaped baffle ring 305 prevents the seeds from being thrown out of the holes of the seed baffle 306 in the rotating process, and the seeds are always kept in a state of being blocked in the seed separating grids in the rotating process, so that the seeds can be prevented from being thrown out to cause seeding leakage. Seeds carried by the hole dividing disc 307 are thrown out from a gap between the seed retaining ring 308 and the ring assembly 309 when rotating to the gap of the retaining ring 308 positioned below, at the moment, the duckbills are in contact with the ground to form holes, the holes are punched, the movable nozzles are opened by the acting force of the ground, and the seeds fall into the seed holes.

Under more preferred realization, for further reducing seed metering device power, this application is preferred to set up interior cylinder lower part major structure into the semicircle tubbiness structure that occupies half volume of the inside negative pressure chamber of air suction cylinder 112, and the semicircular connecting portion that sets up through the interval at the top of setting up interior cylinder 115 and negative pressure shaft 116 fixed connection set up the bottom of interior cylinder 115 is laminated and is sealed up each suction hole that the air suction cylinder 112 inner wall downside was established through the absolute briquetting 119 that a plurality of arrays were arranged. The upper surface of the negative pressure shaft 116 can also avoid each semi-annular connecting part of the inner drum 115, a plurality of openings are uniformly arranged between the semi-annular connecting parts, air in the area range from the upper semi-cylindrical space of the inner cavity of the air suction drum 112 to the seed sowing port of the seed box 111 is extracted through the openings by using a vortex fan to form negative pressure, and each suction hole on the top of the air suction drum 112 is used for respectively sucking a single seed and distributing the seed outside each suction hole.

For convenient assembly insulation briquetting, avoid it to deviate the shutoff position and influence the shutoff effect at the air suction cylinder rotation in-process, this application still can be further the bottom periphery of interior cylinder 115 is provided with a plurality of mounting grooves along each row suction hole inboard respectively, is in each the inboard bottom of mounting groove is provided with one or a plurality of elastic component installation position respectively. Therefore, each absolute pressing block 119 can be installed in each installation groove relatively independently, one or a plurality of elastic pieces composed of springs, elastic pieces, rubber plugs, silica gel gaskets and the like are connected and arranged on the inner side of each absolute pressing block 119 relatively independently, and the bottom of each elastic piece is fixedly arranged in the elastic piece installation position to provide elastic limit. Therefore, in the process that the air suction roller 112 rotates upwards and backwards from the seed sowing port, the pressure insulation block 119 at the lower part of the air suction roller 112 compresses the elastic element, the outer side wall of the pressure insulation block 119 is kept to be tightly attached to the inner side wall of the air suction roller 112, the suction hole rotating to the lower part of the air suction roller 112 is blocked, the negative pressure suction force is removed, and the seeds adsorbed by the negative pressure at the corresponding position correspondingly fall into the seed throwing device 117.

In the mode shown in fig. 7, 8, 9 and 10, each absolute pressure block is mounted with the inner drum by 4 springs internally provided at the four corner positions of the absolute pressure block. The spacing distance between two adjacent pressure insulation blocks 119 can be set to be not more than the spacing distance between adjacent suction holes in the same direction, so that the open period of the suction holes at the bottom of the air suction roller 112 is reduced, and the negative pressure loss is reduced as much as possible. In the process of rotating the roller to suck seeds, the outer surface of the pressure insulation block clings to the inner surface of the air suction roller to block the suction hole and prevent air from being cut off, thereby realizing seed feeding. After seed throwing, the seeds falling from the seed throwing device are transported to the hill-drop device in the seed conveying pipe in an accelerating way by positive pressure air flow, and finally, the duckbilled seeds are planted on the mulching film in a cave.

A split type precision film seeding system for simultaneously performing 6 rows of seeding operation as shown in fig. 1 is taken as a specific example.

The seed metering device 1 comprises an upper frame 101, an end cover 102, a large chain wheel 103, a negative pressure shaft support 104, a vortex fan 105, a lower frame 106, a speed reducing motor 107, a small chain wheel 108, a chain 109, an electric linear telescopic machine 110, a seed box 111, an air suction roller 112, a bearing 113, a flat key 114, an inner roller 115, a negative pressure shaft 116, a seed throwing device 117, a set screw 118, an insulating block 119 and a spring 120.

In the mode shown in fig. 2, a speed reduction motor 107, a vortex fan 105 and a negative pressure shaft support 104 are fixedly arranged on a lower frame 106 through bolts, a small chain wheel 108 is arranged on a motor output shaft of the speed reduction motor 107 through a common flat key, the speed reduction motor 107 drives the small chain wheel 108 to rotate, transmission is realized by a chain 109 between the small chain wheel 108 and a large chain wheel 103, the large chain wheel 103 is fixed on an outer side end cover 102 of an air suction roller 112 through bolts to drive the air suction roller 112, and the air suction roller is enabled to rotate at a constant speed outside a seed box opening by taking a negative pressure shaft 116 as a rotation center. In this process, the swirl fan 105 draws the gas in the suction drum through the fan elbow, and forms a vacuum chamber above the inside of the suction drum 112. Meanwhile, the seed box 111 is mounted on the upper portion of the upper frame 101 through a sliding rod, and the sliding rod is fixedly connected with the upper frame 101 and is set to be stationary. The electric linear compressor 110 drives the seed box to reciprocate relative to the slide bar. The electric linear compressor 110 is installed on a lower platform of the upper frame 101. Therefore, the seed box 111 is driven by the electric linear compressor 110 arranged at the bottom of the seed box to swing back and forth left and right along the axial direction, the back and forth movement stroke of the seed box 111 is changed by adjusting different positions of the eccentric disc of the electric linear compressor 110, so that the seed box can move back and forth along the axis of the roller, and in the rotating process of the roller, the seeds in the seed box can move relatively greatly, so that the interaction force among the seeds is reduced, the seeds are looser, and the seeds can be sucked by the suction holes more easily in the working process. The seed outlet of the seed sowing device moves back and forth between the rows of suction holes along the axial direction of the negative pressure shaft 116 to lift the seeds in the seed box, so that the seeds can be uniformly distributed on the outer walls of the rows of suction holes on the air suction roller 112 by negative pressure suction.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, in the 6-row sowing system, the negative pressure shaft 116 is mounted on the negative pressure shaft support 104 and fixes the position of the shaft by a bolt. The left and right ends of the negative pressure shaft 116 are respectively connected with the end covers 102 at the two ends of the air suction roller 112 through bearings 113. The body of the suction drum 112 and the end cover 102 are connected on a negative pressure shaft through a bolt to synchronously rotate. The inner roller 115 is fixed on the negative pressure shaft 116 through a common flat key 114, the inner roller 115 is fixed relative to the negative pressure shaft 116, the air suction roller 112 rotates relative to the negative pressure shaft 116, and the hole of the negative pressure shaft 116 faces the seed box 111. The air suction roller is in a staggered mode, 6 groups of suction holes which are arranged in parallel are arranged in the circumferential direction of the air suction roller, six open holes are formed in the negative pressure shaft corresponding to the 6 groups of suction holes, and the open holes face the seed box seed suction area. The negative pressure shaft extracts air from the closed space to form a vacuum air chamber, compared with a single-row staggered mode, the staggered mode can improve the seed taking efficiency by times, the rotating speed of the air suction roller is reduced to half of the original rotating speed, the seed suction time is prolonged, and the miss-seeding rate is reduced; the diameter of the suction hole on the air suction roller can be adjusted according to the sizes of the seeds of different crops to be sowed. The air suction roller with different apertures can be replaced to sow seeds with different grain diameters so as to achieve the adaptability of various varieties. When the air suction roller 112 takes out a seed from the seed box 111 through single-seed adsorption of the suction holes and rotates to a seed throwing area, the suction holes are blocked by the absolute pressure blocks, negative pressure is removed, and the seed is thrown into a seed throwing device. Because each staggered arrangement comprises two single-row suction holes, and the two single-row suction holes in each staggered arrangement can simultaneously correspond to the same seed throwing port on the seed throwing device 117, the staggered arrangement can improve the seed taking and throwing operation efficiency by times compared with a single-row arrangement under the condition of the same rotating speed.

As shown in FIG. 4, the semi-annular connecting part at the top of the inner roller 115 bears the force in the circumferential direction of the inner roller 115 through two working faces of a common flat key 114, and a set screw 118 is fixed in position in the axial direction at the upper semi-annular connecting part of the inner roller. The inner roller occupies half volume of the closed space, so that the volume of the negative pressure suction space can be reduced, and the requirement on the suction power of the fan is reduced. The air suction drum 112 has a maximum deformation degree of 1mm along the radial direction during the working process, so that a gap of 2-3mm is reserved between the outer wall of the inner drum 115 and the inner wall of the air suction drum 112. The clearance accessible is installed and is carried out the shutoff at inside absolute pressure piece 119 of half circumference mounting groove under the interior cylinder and sealed, and absolute pressure piece and mounting groove on the interior cylinder and each staggered suction hole on the cylinder are inhaled to the gas correspond each other respectively. In the rotation process of the air suction roller, the half holes can be blocked by the pressure insulation block at the inner side of the bottom of the air suction roller, and compared with the traditional roller, the power consumption of the fan can be reduced by opening all the holes. In the specific setting, the inner side of each pressure insulation block can be connected with the inner roller 115 through a spring, 6 × 6 pressure insulation blocks 119 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the air suction roller 112, and gaps among the pressure insulation blocks are compressed as much as possible. Therefore, the pressure relief generated when the suction holes pass through the gaps between the pressure insulation blocks can be reduced as much as possible in the rotating process of the air suction drum 112.

In order to avoid the dislocation or the loosening of the spring in the operation process, the hole can be further opened between the inner roller and the absolute pressure block along the radial direction in a mode shown in figure 7, the depth and the diameter of the hole are kept consistent, and the spring is arranged in the hole. The inner wall of the suction drum 112 is polished circumferentially smoothly, the insulating block 119 may be made of a POM material having excellent wear resistance and self-lubricity, and the outer wall thereof may be provided as a curved surface matching the inner diameter of the suction drum 112. In the rotation process of the air suction roller, the absolute pressure block is pressed against the inner surface of the air suction roller at any time, and synchronously reciprocates along the radial direction in the inner roller groove in response to the micro deformation of the surface of the air suction roller, so that the suction hole is kept blocked, and the negative pressure leakage in the cavity of the air suction roller 112 is avoided.

As shown in fig. 9, each row of the absolute pressure blocks corresponds to a staggered suction hole, each staggered suction hole is provided with six grooves along the circumferential direction, the inner roller 115 and the absolute pressure block 119 are provided with holes along the radial direction, the depth of the holes is consistent, the grooves of the inner roller 115 are slightly larger than the absolute pressure block 119, and the absolute pressure block can move in the inner roller groove. The depth of the inner drum in the lower circumferential surface along the radial direction can be set to be 15mm, four holes are arranged in each groove, the hole depth is 10mm, the hole diameter is 10.5mm, the first hole in each row is 13.5 degrees below the horizontal plane, and the holes are staggered by 9 degrees along the circumferential direction. And the radian of the outer surface of the pressure insulating block is consistent with that of the inner surface of the air suction roller, so that the tight adhesion and the reliable work in the rotating process are ensured. The surface of the absolute pressure block can be made of POM material, the material has excellent wear resistance and self-lubricating property, and can also meet the requirement of very high processing precision on the outer surface of the absolute pressure block. Each of the pressure insulating blocks 119 is arranged in the manner of fig. 10 with the upper, lower, left and right sides thereof being planes, the front and rear sides thereof being arc surfaces, and the peripheries thereof being arc-shaped transitions. Four holes can be respectively formed in the inner side surface of each absolute pressure block, wherein the inner side surface of each absolute pressure block is arranged in the groove, the depth of each hole is 10mm, and the diameter of each hole is 10.5 mm. Every absolute briquetting 119 corresponds an installation groove on the interior cylinder 115, uses 36 absolute briquetting altogether, and every absolute briquetting uses 4 springs, uses 144 springs altogether, and each spring 120 external diameter all sets up the aperture that slightly is less than the spring mounting portion in order to guarantee that it can be downthehole freely flexible, and absolute briquetting 119 surface and air suction cylinder 112 internal surface be in close contact with constantly in the course of the work. When the spring is selected, the absolute pressure block can block the suction hole only by the elastic force generated by the 3mm compression deformation amount, and very large extrusion force is not needed. The insulating block 119 clings to the inner wall of the air suction roller 112 under the elastic force action of the spring 120 to provide blocking for the suction hole in the working state, when the air suction roller 112 deforms and extrudes the insulating block 119 in the working process to further retract into the groove of the inner roller 115, the spring 120 has elastic deformation allowance and can be compressed again to ensure the blocking effect, meanwhile, the abutting pressure between the outer surface of the insulating block and the inner wall of the air suction roller 112 can be reduced in the process, friction is reduced, and the service life of the insulating block is prolonged.

The rear end of the vertical tube body of the seed blowing joint 201 can be arranged to extend downwards to the inner side of the obliquely arranged seed conveying tube 202 close to the direction of the central axis of the seed conveying tube 202. This extended structure forms a sudden expansion 21 shown in the middle of fig. 12. The bottom end of the sudden expansion structure 21 is spaced from the inner wall of the bottom of the obliquely arranged seed conveying pipe 202. This distance can be adjusted the downward flow direction of positive pressure air current of seed delivery pipe to, the seed that falls down in the vertical intraductal can be blockked by suddenly expanding structure 21 and can not blown back by the positive pressure air current upwards and lead to missing and broadcast. The bottom size and the shape of the sudden expansion structure do not need to be particularly set in the application, the blocking effect on positive pressure air flow is only provided, and the positive pressure air flow is prevented from entering the bottom of the vertical pipe. The seed conveying device 2 consists of a seed blowing connector 201 and a seed conveying pipe 202, the seed thrower 117 catches the seeds and sends the seeds into the seed blowing connector 201, and the seed blowing connector 201 is connected with positive pressure to accelerate the seeds in the seed conveying pipe 202 and reduce motion uncertainty caused by collision. As shown in fig. 12, the front view and the cross-sectional view of the seed blowing joint 201 are that the outer diameter of the joint is 25mm, the inner diameter of the joint is 20mm, the vertical pipe is connected with the lower part of the seed thrower 117, the included angle between the inclined pipe and the horizontal plane is 15 degrees, the vertical pipe extends to the axial position of the inclined pipe, and the reduction of the qualification rate caused by blowing back the seeds when the seeds fall from the vertical pipe is avoided.

The above are merely embodiments of the present application, and the description is specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a smart volume seeding system on separate type membrane which characterized in that, including the synchronous drive operation:

the seed metering device (1) comprises a seed box (111) and an air suction roller (112) arranged outside a seed metering port of the seed box (111), wherein a suction hole is formed in the surface of the air suction roller (112), the suction hole rotates along with the air suction roller (112), the upper part of the air suction roller (112) adsorbs seeds from the seed metering port of the seed box (111) by negative pressure to synchronously rotate, and the negative pressure is cancelled in the circumferential direction of the lower part of the air suction roller (112), so that the seeds adsorbed on each row of the periphery of the air suction roller (112) respectively fall one by one;

the top of the seed conveying device (2) receives seeds falling from the seed sowing device (1), and the seeds are accelerated and moved to the hole sowing device (3) connected to the bottom of the seed conveying device by positive pressure;

the hole sowing device (3) synchronously operates along the mulching film along with the seed sowing device (1) to throw single seeds into the seed holes to finish precision hole sowing.

2. The split type membrane precision seeding system according to claim 1, wherein the seeding device (1) is fixed by a frame, the seed box (111) and the air suction roller (112) are respectively arranged at the front part and the middle part of the frame, and the seed throwing device (117) is horizontally arranged at the negative pressure canceling position along the outer wall of the air suction roller (112) at the rear part of the frame;

a plurality of suction holes are arranged on the surface of the air suction roller (112) in a staggered manner along the axial direction of the air suction roller, and the seed throwing device (117) respectively receives seeds falling after the negative pressure of each suction hole is removed;

the seed conveying device (2) comprises a plurality of seed conveying pipes (202) communicated with the bottom of the seed thrower (117), each seed conveying pipe (202) is correspondingly arranged at the position where the seeds fall down after the negative pressure of each row of suction holes is cancelled, positive-pressure downward air flow is arranged in each seed conveying pipe (202), and the bottom end of each seed conveying pipe (202) is respectively connected with a hole sowing device (3) for hole sowing at the advancing speed of 6-8 km/h.

3. The split type membrane precision seeding system according to claim 2, wherein the inside of the air suction drum (112) is provided with negative pressure and contains:

an inner roller (115) which is arranged in the inner cavity of the air suction roller (112) and is filled in the lower part of the inner cavity of the air suction roller (112);

and the pressure insulation block (119) is tightly attached and abutted between the periphery of the inner roller (115) and the inner wall of the air suction roller (112) to block each suction hole at the bottom of the air suction roller (112) so as to prevent negative pressure from leaking.

4. The split type film-on precision seeding system according to claim 3, wherein the seed injector (117) is parallel to the axial direction of the air suction roller (112), is attached to the outer circumferential surface of the air suction roller (112) and is arranged below the first pressure insulation block (119) at the top of the rear side of the inner roller (115).

5. The split type membrane precision seeding system according to claim 3, wherein the outer circumference of the inner drum (115) is provided with a plurality of mounting grooves along the inner sides of the rows of suction holes, and the inner bottom parts of the mounting grooves are provided with elastic piece mounting positions respectively;

the pressure insulation blocks (119) are respectively installed in the installation grooves, the inner sides of the pressure insulation blocks (119) are respectively connected with elastic pieces, and the bottoms of the elastic pieces are fixedly arranged in the elastic piece installation positions to provide elastic limiting;

when the air suction roller (112) rotates backwards from the seed sowing port, the pressure insulation block (119) compresses the elastic piece and keeps the outer side wall of the pressure insulation block (119) tightly attached to the inner side wall of the air suction roller (112).

6. The split type on-film precision seeding system according to claim 5, wherein the spacing distance between two adjacent pressure-insulating blocks (119) is set not to exceed the spacing distance in the same direction between the adjacent suction holes.

7. The split type film precision seeding system according to claim 5, wherein the inner wall of the air suction roller (112) is ground smooth in the circumferential direction, the pressure insulation block (119) is made of POM material, and the outer side wall thereof is configured to be a cambered surface matched with the inner diameter of the air suction roller (112).

8. The split type membrane precision seeding system according to claim 3, wherein the air suction roller (112) and the inner roller (115) are coaxially arranged on the same negative pressure shaft (116),

the top of the inner roller (115) is fixedly connected with a negative pressure shaft (116) through semi-annular connecting parts arranged at intervals, and the bottom of the inner roller (115) is attached to and seals suction holes formed in the lower side of the inner wall of the air suction roller (112) through an insulating block (119);

the upper surface of the negative pressure shaft (116) is also provided with openings between the semi-annular connecting parts of the inner drum (115), one end of the negative pressure shaft (116) is connected with a vortex fan, the other end of the negative pressure shaft is sealed, and through the openings, air is sucked from the upper part of the inner cavity of the air suction drum (112) to the seed sowing port of the seed box (111) to form negative pressure, so that seeds are sucked and distributed outside the suction holes.

9. The split type membrane precision seeding system according to claim 8, wherein the left and right ends of the air suction drum (112) are respectively sealed by end covers, the end covers are arranged on the outer side of the inner drum (115) and are rotatably connected with the negative pressure shaft (116) through bearings, the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing, the negative pressure shaft and the end covers are respectively in interference fit, and a transmission device is further connected on the outer side of the end covers to drive the end covers and the suction holes on the air suction drum (112) to rotate synchronously.

10. The split type membrane precise sowing system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein an electric linear stretching machine (110) is connected to the bottom of the seed box (111), and the electric linear stretching machine (110) drives the whole seed box (111) to swing back and forth left and right to enable seeds in the seed box to move back and forth relative to the outer wall of the suction drum, so that friction among the seeds is reduced, and the seed sowing port can conveniently move back and forth along the axial direction of the negative pressure shaft (116) to suck the seeds through the negative pressure of each row of suction holes.

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