CN114007799A - Friction stir welding method - Google Patents
Friction stir welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114007799A CN114007799A CN201980097739.XA CN201980097739A CN114007799A CN 114007799 A CN114007799 A CN 114007799A CN 201980097739 A CN201980097739 A CN 201980097739A CN 114007799 A CN114007799 A CN 114007799A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
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Abstract
The present invention is characterized by comprising a primary joining step in which a tip-side pin (F3) of a rotating rotary tool (F) is inserted into an outer peripheral surface (21b) of a second metal member (2), and the rotary tool is rotated by one revolution around the outer peripheral surface (21b) of the second metal member (2) at a predetermined depth along a set movement path (L1) set on the second metal member (2) side of a joining section (J1) to friction stir the joining section (J1) while allowing a second aluminum alloy to flow into a gap in a state in which the outer peripheral surface of the tip-side pin (F3) is brought into slight contact with a step difference inclined surface (13a) of the first metal member (1) and the outer peripheral surface of a base-side pin (F2) is brought into contact with the outer peripheral surface (21b) of the second metal member (2).
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a friction stir welding method.
Background
For example, patent document 1 discloses an invention in which a first metal member having a columnar shape and a second metal member having a cylindrical shape are friction stir welded using a rotary tool. Fig. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional friction stir welding method.
As shown in fig. 14, in the conventional friction stir welding method, a butting portion J10 formed by butting a first metal member 101 and a second metal member 102 is friction stir welded. The rotary tool G includes a cylindrical shoulder G1 and a stirring pin G2. The first metal member 1 has a step side surface 101a and a step bottom surface 101 b. The abutting portion J10 is formed by abutting the stepped bottom surface 101b of the first metal member 101 to the end surface 102a of the second metal member 102.
Documents of the prior art
Patent document
Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open No. 2009-269058
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention
Here, for example, the first metal member 101 may be formed of a cast material of a 4000-series aluminum alloy, and the second metal member 102 may be formed of an extended material of a 1000-series aluminum alloy. That is, members of different types of aluminum alloys may be friction stir welded to each other.
For example, in the case where the first metal member 101 is formed of a cast material and the second metal member 102 is formed of an expanded material, the stirring pin G2 receives a greater material resistance from the first metal member 101 side than from the second metal member 102 side. Therefore, it is difficult to stir different types of materials with high balance by the stirring pin G2 of the rotary tool G, and there is a problem that a void defect occurs in a plasticized region after joining, and the joining strength is lowered.
From such a viewpoint, an object of the present invention is to provide a friction stir welding method capable of desirably welding aluminum alloys of different material types.
Technical scheme for solving technical problem
In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a friction stir welding method for friction stir welding a butted portion of metal members to be welded, the butted portion being formed by butting an end portion of a first metal member in a columnar shape and an end portion of a second metal member in a tubular shape with each other, the first metal member including a small diameter portion at the end portion of the large diameter portion, the second metal member having substantially the same inner diameter as the small diameter portion, using a rotary tool including a base end side pin and a tip side pin, the first metal member being formed of a first aluminum alloy, the second metal member being formed of a second aluminum alloy, the first aluminum alloy being a material type having a hardness higher than that of the second aluminum alloy, the base end side pin having a taper angle larger than that of the tip side pin, the base end side pin having a stepped pin step difference portion formed on an outer peripheral surface thereof, the friction stir welding method includes: a butting step of forming a gap having a V-shaped cross section at a butting portion by inserting the small diameter portion of the first metal member into an opening of the second metal member so that an inner peripheral surface of the second metal member overlaps a step side surface of the first metal member and an end surface of the second metal member is butted against a step inclined surface of the first metal member; and a primary joining step of inserting the tip-side pin of the rotating tool into an outer peripheral surface of the second metal member, and rotating the rotating tool around the outer peripheral surface of the second metal member by a predetermined depth along a predetermined movement path set on the second metal member side of the butting portion while flowing the second aluminum alloy into the gap in a state where the outer peripheral surface of the tip-side pin is brought into slight contact with the step inclined surface of the first metal member and the outer peripheral surface of the base-side pin is brought into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the second metal member, thereby friction-stirring the butting portion.
Further, the present invention provides a friction stir welding method using a rotary tool including a base end side pin and a leading end side pin, friction stirring is performed on a butting portion of the metal members to be joined, which is formed by butting an end face of a cylindrical first metal member and an end face of a cylindrical second metal member against each other, the first metal member includes a small diameter portion at an end of a large diameter portion, the second metal member has substantially the same inner diameter as the small diameter portion, characterized in that the first metal member is formed of a first aluminum alloy, the second metal member is formed of a second aluminum alloy, the first aluminum alloy is a material type having a hardness higher than that of the second aluminum alloy, the taper angle of the base-end-side pin is larger than that of the tip-end-side pin, a step-shaped pin step portion is formed on an outer peripheral surface of the base end side pin, and the friction stir welding method includes: a butting step of forming a gap having a V-shaped cross section at a butting portion by inserting the small diameter portion of the first metal member into an opening of the second metal member so that an inner peripheral surface of the second metal member overlaps a step side surface of the first metal member and an end surface of the second metal member is butted against a step inclined surface of the first metal member; and a primary joining step of inserting the tip-side pin of the rotating tool into an outer peripheral surface of the second metal member, and rotating the rotating tool around the outer peripheral surface of the second metal member by a predetermined depth along a predetermined movement path set on the second metal member side of the butting portion while flowing the second aluminum alloy into the gap in a state where the outer peripheral surface of the tip-side pin is brought into slight contact with the step inclined surface of the first metal member and the outer peripheral surface of the base-side pin is brought into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the second metal member, thereby friction-stirring the butting portion.
According to the joining method described above, the frictional heat between the second metal member and the tip-side pin stirs and plastically fluidizes the second aluminum alloy mainly on the second metal member side in the butted portion, thereby joining the first metal member and the second metal member at the butted portion.
Further, since the outer peripheral surface of the tip-side pin is kept in slight contact with the step inclined surface of the first metal member, the mixing of the first aluminum alloy from the first metal member into the second metal member can be reduced as much as possible. Thereby, the second aluminum alloy on the side of the second metal member is mainly friction-stirred at the butted portion, and therefore, a decrease in the joining strength can be suppressed. Further, since the friction stirring is performed in a state where the outer peripheral surface of the base end side pin is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the second metal member, the generation of burrs can be suppressed.
Preferably, the plasticized region formed in the abutting portion overlaps at its leading end and at its trailing end, and a part of the plasticized region overlaps.
According to the joining method, the water tightness and air tightness of the joined metal members can be improved.
Preferably, the second metal member has an outer diameter larger than an outer diameter of the large diameter portion of the first metal member.
According to the joining method, the joined portion can be prevented from becoming insufficient metal.
Preferably, the rotary tool is rotated rightward when the first metal member is positioned on the left side in the traveling direction of the rotary tool, and the rotary tool is rotated leftward when the first metal member is positioned on the right side in the traveling direction of the rotary tool.
According to the joining method described above, friction stirring is promoted on the butt portion side in the plasticized region, and joining can be performed more desirably.
In the primary joining step, it is preferable that the rotating tip-side pin is inserted from a start position set on the set movement path, and the tip-side pin is gradually pushed in to a predetermined depth while moving in the traveling direction.
In the primary welding step, it is preferable that the rotating distal-side pin is inserted to a start position set on a side farther from the first metal member than the set movement path, and then the distal-side pin is gradually pushed into the predetermined depth while moving a rotation center axis of the rotating tool to a position overlapping the set movement path.
According to the joining method, when the rotary tool is inserted, the frictional heat can be prevented from becoming excessive in the set movement path, and the first aluminum alloy can be prevented from being mixed from the first metal member side to the second metal member side.
In the primary welding step, it is preferable that an end position is set on the set movement path, and after the friction stirring of the butting portion, the rotating tool is gradually pulled out to the end position while moving the rotating tool to the end position, and the rotating tool is disengaged from the second metal member at the end position.
In the primary welding step, it is preferable that an end position is set on a side farther from the first metal member than the set movement path, and after the friction stirring of the butted portion, the rotating tool is moved to the end position while the distal end side pin is slowly pulled out, and the rotating tool is disengaged from the second metal member at the end position.
According to the joining method, when the rotary tool is disengaged, the frictional heat can be prevented from becoming excessive in the set movement path, and the first aluminum alloy can be prevented from being mixed from the first metal member side to the second metal member side.
In the primary welding step, it is preferable that the tip of the tip side pin is friction-stirred in the butted portion while passing through the step side surface of the first metal member.
According to the joining method, the joining strength of the first metal member and the second metal member can be further improved.
Effects of the invention
According to the friction stir welding method of the present invention, aluminum alloys of different material types can be desirably welded.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a side view showing a rotary tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the rotary tool.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a first modification of the rotary tool.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view showing a second modification of the rotary tool.
Fig. 5 is a sectional view showing a third modification of the rotary tool.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing a friction stir welding method according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a perspective view showing a first metal member and a second metal member in the friction stir welding method according to the first embodiment.
Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a butting step in the friction stir welding method according to the first embodiment.
Fig. 9 is a perspective view showing a butting step in the friction stir welding method according to the first embodiment.
Fig. 10 is a perspective view showing a main joining step of the friction stir joining method according to the first embodiment.
Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a main joining step of the friction stir joining method according to the first embodiment.
Fig. 12 is a perspective view showing a main joining step of the friction stir welding method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a perspective view showing a main joining step of the friction stir welding method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional friction stir welding method.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings as appropriate. First, a rotary tool used in the joining method of the present embodiment will be described. The rotary tool is a tool for friction stir welding. As shown in fig. 1, the rotary tool F is made of, for example, tool steel, and is mainly composed of a base shaft portion F1, a base end side pin F2, and a tip side pin F3. The base shaft portion F1 is a portion that is connected to the main shaft of the friction stir apparatus in a columnar shape.
The base-end-side pin F2 continues to the base shaft portion F1 and becomes tapered toward the leading end. The base-end-side pin F2 has a truncated cone shape. The taper angle a of the base end side pin F2 may be set as appropriate, and is, for example, 135 ° to 160 °. If the taper angle a is smaller than 135 ° or larger than 160 °, the joining surface roughness after friction stirring becomes large. The taper angle a is larger than a taper angle B of a tip side pin F3 described later. As shown in fig. 2, a stepped pin step portion F21 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the base end side pin F2 over the entire height direction. The pin step F21 is formed in a spiral shape by being wound to the right or left. That is, the pin step portion F21 has a spiral shape in a plan view and a stepped shape in a side view. In the first embodiment, when the rotary tool F is rotated to the right, the pin level difference portion F21 is set to be twisted to the left from the base end side to the tip end side.
Further, when the rotary tool F is rotated to the left, the pin step portion F21 is preferably set to be twisted to the right from the base end side to the tip end side. Thereby, the plastic fluidizing material is guided to the tip side by the pin level difference portion F21, and therefore, the metal overflowing to the outside of the joined metal members can be reduced. The pin step F21 is composed of a step bottom F21a and a step side F21 b. The distance X1 (horizontal distance) between the apexes F21C and F21C of the adjacent pin step portions F21 is appropriately set according to a step angle C and a height Y1 of the step side surface F21b, which will be described later.
The height Y1 of the level difference side surface F21b may be appropriately set, but is set to 0.1 to 0.4mm, for example. If the height Y1 is less than 0.1mm, the joining surface roughness becomes large. On the other hand, if the height Y1 is greater than 0.4mm, the joining surface roughness tends to increase, and the number of effective level differences (the number of pin level differences F21 that contact the joined metal members) also decreases.
The step angle C between the step bottom surface F21a and the step side surface F21b may be appropriately set, but is set to 85 ° to 120 °, for example. In the present embodiment, the step bottom surface F21a is parallel to the horizontal plane. The step bottom surface F21a may be inclined from the rotational axis of the tool to the outer circumferential direction within a range of-5 ° to 15 ° with respect to the horizontal plane (negative below the horizontal plane and positive above the horizontal plane). The distance X1, the height Y1 of the step side face F21b, the step angle C, and the angle of the step bottom face F21a with respect to the horizontal plane are appropriately set so that the plastic fluidizing material is discharged to the outside without being accumulated and adhered to the inside of the pin step portion F21 at the time of friction stirring, and the plastic fluidizing material can be pressed by the step bottom face F21a to reduce the joining surface roughness.
As shown in fig. 1, the front-end side pin F3 is formed continuously with the base-end side pin F2. The front end side pin F3 has a truncated cone shape. The tip of the tip side pin F3 is a flat surface F4 perpendicular to the rotation axis. The taper angle B of the tip side pin F3 is smaller than the taper angle a of the base side pin F2. As shown in fig. 2, a spiral groove F31 is formed in the outer peripheral surface of the distal end side pin F3. The spiral groove F31 may be wound to the right or left, but in the first embodiment, the rotary tool F is rotated to the right, and therefore, the spiral groove F is engraved to the left from the base end side to the tip end side.
Further, when the rotary tool F is rotated to the left, the spiral groove F31 is preferably set to be twisted to the right from the base end side to the tip end side. Thereby, the plastic fluidizing material is guided to the leading end side by the spiral groove F31, and therefore, the metal overflowing to the outside of the joined metal members can be reduced. The spiral groove F31 is formed of a spiral bottom face F31a and a spiral side face F31 b. The distance (horizontal distance) between the apexes F31c and F31c of the adjacent spiral grooves F31 is defined as a length X2. The height of the spiral side surface F31b was set to a height Y2. The helix angle D formed by the helix bottom face F31a and the helix side face F31b is, for example, 45 ° to 90 °. The spiral groove F31 raises frictional heat by coming into contact with the joined metal members, and has a function of guiding the plastic fluidizing material to the leading end side. The rotary tool F may be attached to a robot arm having a rotary drive unit such as a spindle unit provided at the tip thereof, for example.
The rotary tool F can be appropriately changed in design. Fig. 3 is a side view showing a first modification of the rotary tool of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, in the rotary tool FA according to the first modification, the step angle C formed by the step bottom surface F21a and the step side surface F21b of the pin step portion F21 is 85 °. The level difference floor F21a is parallel to the horizontal plane. In this way, the level difference bottom surface F21a may be parallel to the horizontal plane, and the level difference angle C may be set to an acute angle within a range in which the plastic fluidizing material is discharged to the outside without being accumulated and adhered to the pin level difference portion F21 during friction stirring.
Fig. 4 is a side view showing a second modification of the rotary tool of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, in the rotary tool FB of the second modification, the step angle C of the pin step F21 is 115 °. The level difference floor F21a is parallel to the horizontal plane. In this way, the level difference bottom surface F21a may be parallel to the horizontal plane, and the level difference angle C may be an obtuse angle within a range that functions as the pin level difference portion F21.
Fig. 5 is a side view showing a third modification of the rotary tool of the present invention. As shown in fig. 5, in the rotary tool FC according to the third modification, the step bottom surface F21a is inclined upward by 10 ° with respect to the horizontal plane from the rotation center axis of the tool in the outer circumferential direction. The level difference side F21b is parallel to the plumb line. In this way, the level difference bottom surface F21a may be formed to be inclined upward from the outer circumferential direction of the rotational axis of the tool than the horizontal plane in a range where the plastic fluidizing material can be pressed by friction stirring. The first to third modifications of the rotary tool described above can also provide the same effects as those of the following embodiments.
[ first embodiment ]
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings as appropriate. In the friction stir welding method of the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the first metal member 1 and the second metal member 2 are friction stir welded. The first metal member 1 and the second metal member 2 are butted, also referred to as a joined metal member H. In the friction stir welding method according to the present embodiment, a preparatory step, a butt joint step, and a main welding step are performed.
The preparation step is a step of preparing the first metal member 1 and the second metal member 2. As shown in fig. 7, the first metal member 1 is a solid metal member including a large diameter portion 11 and a small diameter portion 12. The first metal member 1 is not particularly limited as long as it is a metal capable of friction stirring, but in the present embodiment, it is formed to mainly contain the first aluminum alloy. The first aluminum alloy is cast using an aluminum alloy such as JISH5302ADC12 (Al-Si-Cu series), for example.
The large diameter portion 11 has a cylindrical shape. The small diameter portion 12 is cylindrical and is formed concentrically at the tip end side of the large diameter portion 11. The large diameter portion 11 and the small diameter portion 12 form a stepped portion 13. The step portion 13 is composed of a step inclined surface 13a and a step side surface 13 b. As shown in fig. 8, the step inclined surface 13a is inclined in a direction away from the second metal member 2 as it goes radially outward. The inclination angle β of the step inclined surface 13a is the same as the inclination angle α (see fig. 1) of the tip side pin F3. The step side surface 13b is perpendicular to the end surface 12a of the small diameter portion 12. That is, the level difference side surface 13b is parallel to the axial direction of the first metal member 1.
The second metal member 2 is a metal member having a cylindrical shape. The metal is not particularly limited as long as it is a metal capable of friction stirring, but in the present embodiment, the second aluminum alloy is mainly contained. The second aluminum alloy is a material having a hardness lower than that of the first aluminum alloy. The second aluminum alloy is formed of, for example, JISA1050, a1100, a6063 or other aluminum alloy wrought material. The end face 21a of the second metal member 2 is perpendicular to the outer peripheral surface 21b and the inner peripheral surface 21 c. The outer diameter of the first metal member 1 may be the same as the outer diameter of the second metal member 2, but in the present embodiment, the outer diameter of the second metal member 2 is formed larger than the outer diameter of the first metal member 1. The outer diameter of the inner peripheral surface 21c of the second metal member 2 is the same as or substantially the same as the outer diameter of the small diameter portion 12 of the first metal member 1.
As shown in fig. 8, the butt joint step is a step of butting the end of the first metal member 1 and the end of the second metal member 2. In the butt joint step, the small diameter portion 12 of the first metal member 1 is inserted into the opening of the second metal member 2. Thereby, the level difference inclined surface 13a of the first metal member 1 is abutted against the end surface 21a of the second metal member 2 to form an abutting portion J1. A gap having a V-shaped cross section is formed in the circumferential direction at the abutting portion J1. Further, the level difference side surface 13b of the first metal member 1 coincides with the inner peripheral surface 21c of the second metal member 2 to form the butting portion J2.
As shown in fig. 9, a set movement path L1 is set on the outer peripheral surface 21b of the second metal member 2. The set movement path L1 is set on the second metal member 2 side of the abutment portion J1 and is parallel to the abutment portion J1. The set movement path L1 is a movement path of the rotary tool F necessary for joining the joining portion J1 in the main joining process described later. The setting of the moving path L1 will be described in detail later.
As shown in fig. 10 and 11, the main joining step is a step of friction stir joining the abutting portion J1 using the rotary tool F. In the primary joining step, the rotary tool F may be fixed and the joined metal member H may be rotated in the circumferential direction, or the rotary tool F may be fixed and moved around the joined metal member H.
As shown in fig. 10, in the primary welding step, friction stir welding is continuously performed in three sections, namely, a press-in section from the start position SP1 to the intermediate point S1, a primary section rotated one revolution from the intermediate point S1 on the set movement path L1 to the intermediate point S2, and a disengagement section from the intermediate point S2 to the end position EP 1. The intermediate points S1 and S2 are set on the set movement path L1. The start position SP1 is set on the outer peripheral surface 21b of the second metal member 2 on the side farther from the first metal member 1 than the set movement path L1. In the present embodiment, the start position SP1 is set at a position where an angle formed by a line segment connecting the start position SP1 and the intermediate point S1 and the set movement path L1 is obtuse.
In the press-fitting section of the main joining step, as shown in fig. 10 and 11, friction stirring is performed from the start position SP1 to the intermediate point S1. In the press-fit section, the tip-side pin F3 rotated rightward is inserted to the start position SP1 while the rotation center axis Z is perpendicular to the outer peripheral surface 21b, and moves to the intermediate point S1. That is, the rotation center axis Z is set to coincide with the normal line of the outer peripheral surface 21b of the second metal member 2 while the rotary tool F is relatively moved. At this time, as shown in fig. 10, the tip side pin F3 is slowly pushed in to reach a predetermined "predetermined depth" at least before reaching the intermediate point S1. That is, the rotary tool F is gradually lowered while moving on the set movement path L1 without being stopped at one position.
When reaching the intermediate point S1, the outer peripheral surface of the tip-side pin F3 is set to slightly contact the stepped inclined surface 13a of the first metal member 1. Further, the outer peripheral surface of the base end side pin F2 is set in contact with the outer peripheral surface 21b of the second metal member 2, and the flat surface F4 of the tip end side pin F3 is set to pass through the step side surface 13 b. Then, the process shifts to friction stir welding in the main zone.
The contact amount (offset amount) N between the outer peripheral surface of the tip side pin F3 and the step inclined surface 13a of the first metal member 1 is set to, for example, 0 < N.ltoreq.1.0 mm, preferably 0 < N.ltoreq.0.85 mm, and more preferably 0 < N.ltoreq.0.65 mm.
As shown in fig. 11, the set movement path L1 represents a trajectory through which the center of the flat surface F4 of the front end side pin F3 passes. That is, the movement path L1 is set so that the step inclined surface 13a of the first metal member 1 is parallel to the outer peripheral surface of the distal-side pin F3 in the circumferential direction of the abutting portion J1 while the two are slightly in contact with each other.
In the main section, the rotary tool F is relatively moved so that the center of the flat surface F4 overlaps the set movement path L1 when viewed from above (when viewed from the outer peripheral surface 21b side). In the main section, friction stir welding is performed while the second aluminum alloy of the second metal member 2 is caused to flow into the gap of the butting portion J1. If the outer peripheral surface of the tip side pin F3 is set so as not to contact the step inclined surface 13a, the joining strength of the butting portion J1 becomes low. On the other hand, if the contact amount N between the outer peripheral surface of the tip side pin F3 and the step inclined surface 13a is larger than 1.0mm, the first aluminum alloy of the first metal member 1 may be mixed into the second metal member 2 in a large amount, which may cause a poor joint.
In the main section, as shown in fig. 6, after the rotating tool F is rotated once and the front end side pin F3 reaches the intermediate point S2, the transition is made to the escape section. In the disengagement section, the front end side pin F3 is slowly moved upward from the intermediate point S2 toward the end position EP1, and the front end side pin F3 is disengaged from the second metal member 2 at the end position EP 1. That is, the rotary tool F is gradually pulled out in a direction away from the second metal member 2 while moving to the end position EP1 without being stopped at one position. The end position EP1 is set at a position where an angle formed by a line segment connecting the end position EP1 and the intermediate point S2 and the set movement path L1 is obtuse. A plasticized region W is formed on the movement locus of the rotary tool F.
According to the friction stir welding method of the present embodiment described above, the frictional heat between the second metal member 2 and the distal-side pin F3 stirs and plastically fluidizes the second aluminum alloy of the abutting portion J1, mainly on the second metal member 2 side, so that the step inclined surface 13a of the first metal member 1 and the end surface 21a of the second metal member 2 can be welded to each other at the abutting portion J1.
Further, the outer peripheral surface of the tip side pin F3 of the tip side pin F3 is kept in slight contact with the stepped inclined surface 13a of the first metal member, so that the mixing of the first aluminum alloy from the first metal member 1 into the second metal member 2 can be reduced as much as possible. Thereby, the second aluminum alloy mainly on the second metal member 2 side is friction-stirred at the butting portion J1, and therefore, a decrease in the joining strength can be suppressed. That is, in the primary joining step, the imbalance in the material resistance received by the tip side pin F3 on one side and the other side with respect to the rotation center axis Z of the tip side pin F3 can be reduced as much as possible. This makes it possible to suppress a decrease in the bonding strength because the plastic fluidizing material is friction-stirred with a high balance.
In the primary joining step, the position of the rotary tool F is set so that the outer peripheral surface of the distal-side pin F3 is parallel to the step inclined surface 13a of the first metal member 1, whereby the distal-side pin F3 can be brought into contact with the first metal member 1 with high balance. Further, by setting the outer diameter of the second metal member 2 to be larger than the outer diameter of the first metal member 1, the junction portion can be prevented from becoming insufficient metal. Further, by setting the tip of the tip side pin F3 to reach the step side surface 13b of the first metal member 1, friction stirring can be reliably performed also on the abutting portion J2, and therefore, the joining strength can be improved.
In the present embodiment, in the primary joining step, the outer peripheral surface of the base end side pin F2 is brought into contact with the outer peripheral surface 21b of the second metal member 2, and friction stirring is performed while pressing the plastic fluidizing material. Further, the plastic fluidizing material can be pressed by the outer peripheral surface of the base end side pin F2, and therefore, the level difference groove formed on the joining surface (the outer peripheral surface 11b of the first metal member 1 and the outer peripheral surface 21b of the second metal member 2) can be reduced, and the ridge portion formed in the vicinity of the level difference groove can be eliminated or reduced. Further, since the stepped pin step F21 of the base end side pin F2 is shallow and has a large outlet, the plastic fluidizing material is easily discharged to the outside of the pin step F21 while being pressed by the step bottom surface F21 a. Therefore, even if the plastic fluidizing material is pressed by the base end side pin F2, the plastic fluidizing material is less likely to adhere to the outer peripheral surface of the base end side pin F2. Thus, the bonding surface roughness can be reduced, and the bonding quality can be desirably stabilized.
Here, when the distal-side pin F3 is inserted into the set movement path L1, if the distal-side pin F3 is pushed in the plumb direction to a predetermined depth, the frictional heat at the start position of the friction stir welding becomes excessively large. This causes a problem that metal on the first metal member 1 side is easily mixed into the second metal member 2 side at the start position, which causes poor bonding.
In contrast, in the press-fitting section of the main joining process of the present embodiment, the distal-end-side pin F3 is slowly press-fitted to a predetermined depth while the rotary tool F is moved from the start position SP1 to a position overlapping the set movement path L1, and the rotary tool F is prevented from stopping on the set movement path L1 and locally increasing the frictional heat.
Similarly, in the disengagement section of the main joining process, the distal-end pin F3 is gradually pulled out from the predetermined depth and disengaged while the rotary tool F is moved from the set movement path L1 to the end position EP1, and the rotary tool F is prevented from stopping on the set movement path L1 and locally increasing the frictional heat.
This prevents excessive frictional heat from being generated in the set movement path L1, and prevents the first aluminum alloy from excessively mixing into the second metal member 2 from the first metal member 1, thereby preventing poor joining.
In the main joining step, the positions of the start position SP1 and the end position EP1 may be appropriately set, but by setting the angle formed by the start position SP1 and the set movement path L1 and the angle formed by the end position EP1 and the set movement path L1 to an obtuse angle, the rotary tool F can be smoothly transferred to the main zone or the escape zone without decreasing the movement speed of the rotary tool F at the intermediate points S1 and S2. This prevents excessive frictional heat from being generated due to the stopping of the rotary tool F on the set movement path L1 or a decrease in the movement speed. The rotary tool F may be moved from the start position SP1 to the set movement path L1 so that the trajectory of the rotary tool F describes an arc when viewed from above. Similarly, the rotary tool F may be moved from the set movement path L1 to the end position EP1 so that the trajectory of the rotary tool F describes an arc when viewed from above.
In the primary joining step of the present embodiment, the rotation direction and the advancing direction of the rotary tool F may be appropriately set, but the rotation direction and the advancing direction of the rotary tool F are set such that the side of the first metal member 1 (abutting portion J1) in the plasticized region W formed on the movement locus of the rotary tool F is the shear side and the side of the second metal member 2 is the flow side. By setting the first metal member 1 side to be a shear side so that the stirring action of the tip side pin F3 is increased around the butting portion J1, it is possible to more reliably join the step inclined surface 13a of the first metal member 1 and the end surface 21a of the second metal member 2 at the butting portion J1 while expecting a temperature rise at the butting portion J1.
The shear side (Advancing side) is a side where the relative speed of the outer periphery of the rotating tool with respect to the engaged portion is a value obtained by adding the magnitude of the moving speed to the magnitude of the tangential speed at the outer periphery of the rotating tool. On the other hand, the flow side (Retreating side) means a side where the relative speed of the rotary tool with respect to the engaged portion becomes low by rotating the rotary tool in the direction opposite to the moving direction of the rotary tool.
Further, the first aluminum alloy of the first metal member 1 is a material having a hardness higher than that of the second aluminum alloy of the second metal member 2. This can improve the durability of the joined metal members H. Preferably, the first aluminum alloy of the first metal member 1 is an aluminum alloy cast material, and the second aluminum alloy of the second metal member 2 is an aluminum alloy wrought material. By using the first aluminum alloy as a cast material of an Al-Si-Cu series aluminum alloy such as JISH5302ADC12, for example, the castability, strength, machinability, and the like of the first metal member 1 can be improved. Further, the workability and thermal conductivity can be improved by making the second aluminum alloy into JISA1000 series or a6000 series, for example.
In the main joining step, since the entire circumference of the abutting portion J1 is friction stir joined, the joined metal members H can be improved in air tightness and water tightness. Further, at the terminal end portion of the main joining process, after the rotary tool F completely passes through the intermediate point S1, it is directed toward the end position EP 1. That is, the air-tightness and the water-tightness can be further improved by overlapping the respective ends of the plasticized region W formed by the primary joining process.
In the primary joining step, the rotation speed of the rotary tool F may be constant or variable. In the press-fitting section of the main joining step, when the rotation speed of the rotary tool F at the start position SP1 is V1 and the rotation speed of the rotary tool F in the main section is V2, V1 > V2 may be set. The rotation speed V2 is a predetermined constant rotation speed on the set movement path L1. That is, at the start position SP1, the rotation speed may be set to be high in advance, and the transition may be made to the actual section while gradually decreasing the rotation speed in the push-in section.
In the disengagement section of the main joining process, when the rotation speed of the rotary tool F in the main section is V2 and the rotation speed of the rotary tool F at the time of disengagement at the end position EP1 is V3, V3 > V2 may be set. That is, after the transition to the disengagement section, the rotary tool F may be disengaged from the second metal member 2 while gradually raising the rotation speed toward the end position EP 1. When the rotary tool F is pressed into the second metal member 2 or when the rotary tool F is separated from the second metal member 2, the small pressing force in the press-in section or the separation section can be compensated for by the rotational speed by setting as described above, and therefore, friction stirring can be performed desirably.
[ second embodiment ]
Next, a friction stir welding method according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. As shown in fig. 12 and 13, the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the positions of the start position SP1 and the end position EP1 in the main joining step are both set on the set movement path L1. In the second embodiment, a description will be given centering on a portion different from the first embodiment.
In the production of the liquid-cooled jacket according to the second embodiment, a preparatory step, a butt joint step, and a main joining step are performed. The preparation step and the docking step are the same as those in the first embodiment.
In the main joining step, as shown in fig. 12, the start position SP1 is set on the set movement path L1. In the primary welding step, friction stirring is continuously performed in three sections, namely, a press-in section from the start position SP1 to the intermediate point S1, a primary section from the intermediate point S1 on the set movement path L1 to the intermediate point S2 by one rotation, and a disengagement section from the intermediate point S2 to the end position EP1 (see fig. 13).
In the press-fit section, as shown in fig. 12, friction stirring is performed from the start position SP1 to the intermediate point S1. In the press-fit section, the distal-side pin F3 rotated to the right is inserted to the start position SP1 while the rotation center axis Z is made vertical, and moved to the intermediate point S1. At this time, the distal end side pin F3 is slowly pushed in to reach a predetermined "predetermined depth" at least before reaching the intermediate point S1. That is, the rotary tool F is gradually lowered while moving on the set movement path L1 without being stopped at one position.
In the press-fitting section, the outer peripheral surface of the distal-side pin F3 is set to slightly contact the stepped inclined surface 13a of the first metal member 1 when reaching the intermediate point S1. Further, the outer peripheral surface of the base end-side pin F2 is set in contact with the outer peripheral surface 21b of the second metal member 2, and the flat surface F4 of the base end-side pin F2 is set to pass through the step side surface 13b of the first metal member 1. In this way, the posture of the rotary tool F is maintained, and the friction stir welding is shifted to the main zone. The contact amount (offset amount) N between the outer peripheral surface of the tip side pin F3 and the step inclined surface 13a of the first metal member 1 and the setting of the set moving path L1 are the same as those in the first embodiment.
In the main section, as shown in fig. 13, the rotary tool F is rotated once along the set movement path L1. After the rotary tool F is rotated once and the front end side pin F3 reaches the intermediate point S2, the transition is made to the disengagement section. The end position EP1 is set on the set moving path L1. In the disengagement section, the tip side pin F3 is slowly pulled out from the middle point S2 toward the end position EP1, and the tip side pin F3 is disengaged from the second metal member 2 at the end position EP 1. That is, the rotary tool F is slowly pulled out while moving to the end position EP1 without being stopped at one position.
The friction stir welding method according to the second embodiment described above can also provide substantially the same effects as those of the first embodiment. As in the second embodiment, the start position SP1 and the end position EP1 in the main joining process may be set on the set movement path L1.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but design changes can be made as appropriate. For example, the first metal member 1 and the second metal member 2 may be columnar members having other cross-sectional shapes such as a rectangle, a polygon, and an ellipse. Both may be solid members or both may be cylindrical members.
(symbol description)
1 first Metal Member
2 second metal member
F rotary tool
F2 base end side pin
F3 front end side pin
Flat face of F4
J1 butt joint part
SP1 Start position
EP1 end position
W plasticized region.
Claims (10)
1. A friction stir welding method of friction stirring a butted portion of metal members to be welded formed by butting an end portion of a first metal member having a large diameter portion at an end portion thereof and an end portion of a second metal member having a cylindrical shape and having substantially the same inner diameter as the small diameter portion, using a rotary tool including a base end side pin and a tip end side pin,
the first metal member is formed of a first aluminum alloy, the second metal member is formed of a second aluminum alloy, the first aluminum alloy is a material species having a higher hardness than that of the second aluminum alloy,
a taper angle of the base end side pin is larger than a taper angle of the tip end side pin, a stepped pin step portion is formed on an outer peripheral surface of the base end side pin,
the friction stir welding method includes:
a butting step of forming a gap having a V-shaped cross section at a butting portion by inserting the small diameter portion of the first metal member into an opening of the second metal member so that an inner peripheral surface of the second metal member overlaps a step side surface of the first metal member and an end surface of the second metal member is butted against a step inclined surface of the first metal member; and
and a primary welding step of inserting the tip-side pin of the rotating tool into an outer peripheral surface of the second metal member, and rotating the rotating tool around the outer peripheral surface of the second metal member by a predetermined depth along a predetermined movement path set on the second metal member side of the butting portion while flowing the second aluminum alloy into the gap in a state where the outer peripheral surface of the tip-side pin is brought into slight contact with the step inclined surface of the first metal member and the outer peripheral surface of the base-side pin is brought into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the second metal member, thereby friction-stirring the butting portion.
2. The friction stir welding method according to claim 1,
the beginning and the end of the plasticized region formed in the butt joint portion overlap, and a part of the plasticized region overlaps.
3. The friction stir welding method according to claim 1 or 2,
the second metal member has an outer diameter larger than an outer diameter of the large diameter portion of the first metal member.
4. The friction stir welding method according to claim 1,
rotating the rotary tool to the right with the first metal member positioned on the left side in the direction of travel of the rotary tool,
rotating the rotary tool to the left with the first metal member positioned to the right in the direction of travel of the rotary tool.
5. The friction stir welding method according to claim 1,
in the primary joining step, the rotating tip-side pin is inserted from a start position set on the set movement path, and the tip-side pin is gradually pushed in to a predetermined depth while moving in the traveling direction.
6. The friction stir welding method according to claim 1,
in the primary joining step, after the rotating tip-side pin is inserted to a start position set on a side farther from the first metal member than the set movement path, the tip-side pin is gradually pushed into the predetermined depth while moving the rotation center axis of the rotating tool to a position overlapping the set movement path.
7. The friction stir welding method according to claim 1,
in the primary welding step, an end position is set on the set movement path, and after the friction stirring of the butting portion, the rotating tool is gradually pulled out while moving the rotating tool to the end position, so that the rotating tool is disengaged from the second metal member at the end position.
8. The friction stir welding method according to claim 1,
in the primary welding step, an end position is set on a side farther from the first metal member than the set movement path, and after the friction stirring of the butted portion, the rotating tool is gradually pulled out while moving to the end position, and the rotating tool is disengaged from the second metal member at the end position.
9. The friction stir welding method according to claim 1,
in the primary welding step, the tip of the tip side pin is friction-stirred in the butted portion while passing through the step side surface of the first metal member.
10. A friction stir welding method of friction stirring a butted portion of metal members to be welded formed by butting an end face of a cylindrical first metal member including a small diameter portion at an end portion of a large diameter portion and an end face of a cylindrical second metal member having substantially the same inner diameter as the small diameter portion with a rotary tool including a base end side pin and a tip end side pin,
the first metal member is formed of a first aluminum alloy, the second metal member is formed of a second aluminum alloy, the first aluminum alloy is a material species having a higher hardness than that of the second aluminum alloy,
a taper angle of the base end side pin is larger than a taper angle of the tip end side pin, a stepped pin step portion is formed on an outer peripheral surface of the base end side pin,
the friction stir welding method includes:
a butting step of forming a gap having a V-shaped cross section at a butting portion by inserting the small diameter portion of the first metal member into an opening of the second metal member so that an inner peripheral surface of the second metal member overlaps a step side surface of the first metal member and an end surface of the second metal member is butted against a step inclined surface of the first metal member; and
and a primary welding step of inserting the tip-side pin of the rotating tool into an outer peripheral surface of the second metal member, and rotating the rotating tool around the outer peripheral surface of the second metal member by a predetermined depth along a predetermined movement path set on the second metal member side of the butting portion while flowing the second aluminum alloy into the gap in a state where the outer peripheral surface of the tip-side pin is brought into slight contact with the step inclined surface of the first metal member and the outer peripheral surface of the base-side pin is brought into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the second metal member, thereby friction-stirring the butting portion.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2019120712A JP7140062B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2019-06-28 | Friction stir welding method |
| JP2019-120712 | 2019-06-28 | ||
| PCT/JP2019/050044 WO2020261610A1 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2019-12-20 | Friction stir joining method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114007799A true CN114007799A (en) | 2022-02-01 |
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| CN201980097739.XA Pending CN114007799A (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2019-12-20 | Friction stir welding method |
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| JP (1) | JP7140062B2 (en) |
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| WO (1) | WO2020261610A1 (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103008870A (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2013-04-03 | 上海交通大学 | Method for friction stir welding for dissimilar materials (i.e., slender thin-wall circular pipes) |
| CN104107978A (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2014-10-22 | 上海交通大学 | Method for improving strength and plasticity of dissimilar material stir friction welding joint |
| CN105108308A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-12-02 | 西南石油大学 | High performance dissimilar aluminum alloy welded joint containing nanocrystalline composite organization |
| CN105163893A (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2015-12-16 | 日本轻金属株式会社 | Method for joining members |
| WO2018193639A1 (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2018-10-25 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | Method for manufacturing liquid-cooled jacket |
| WO2019064848A1 (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2019-04-04 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | Method for producing liquid-cooled jacket |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6505364B2 (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2019-04-24 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | Friction stir welding method |
| JP2017070994A (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2017-04-13 | 株式会社Uacj | Tool for friction stir welding and friction stir welding method |
| WO2019082435A1 (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2019-05-02 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | Method for manufacturing liquid-cooled jacket |
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2019
- 2019-06-28 JP JP2019120712A patent/JP7140062B2/en active Active
- 2019-12-20 CN CN201980097739.XA patent/CN114007799A/en active Pending
- 2019-12-20 WO PCT/JP2019/050044 patent/WO2020261610A1/en active Application Filing
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103008870A (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2013-04-03 | 上海交通大学 | Method for friction stir welding for dissimilar materials (i.e., slender thin-wall circular pipes) |
| CN105163893A (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2015-12-16 | 日本轻金属株式会社 | Method for joining members |
| CN104107978A (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2014-10-22 | 上海交通大学 | Method for improving strength and plasticity of dissimilar material stir friction welding joint |
| CN105108308A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-12-02 | 西南石油大学 | High performance dissimilar aluminum alloy welded joint containing nanocrystalline composite organization |
| WO2018193639A1 (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2018-10-25 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | Method for manufacturing liquid-cooled jacket |
| WO2019064848A1 (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2019-04-04 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | Method for producing liquid-cooled jacket |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP7140062B2 (en) | 2022-09-21 |
| JP2021006351A (en) | 2021-01-21 |
| WO2020261610A1 (en) | 2020-12-30 |
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