CN114005570A - Device and method for selective trapping and releasing of charge in vacuum - Google Patents
Device and method for selective trapping and releasing of charge in vacuum Download PDFInfo
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- CN114005570A CN114005570A CN202111188222.7A CN202111188222A CN114005570A CN 114005570 A CN114005570 A CN 114005570A CN 202111188222 A CN202111188222 A CN 202111188222A CN 114005570 A CN114005570 A CN 114005570A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005686 electrostatic field Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003574 free electron Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012576 optical tweezer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
- G21K1/003—Manipulation of charged particles by using radiation pressure, e.g. optical levitation
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for selectively capturing and releasing charges in vacuum. The optical trap and the particles are positioned in the vacuum chamber, the particles are stably captured in the optical trap, and the grid electrode system transmits charges generated by the plasma system to the particles; the method comprises the following steps: the plasma system emits and induces plasma laser to vertically focus on the surface of a plasma target and generate plasma, and charges of the plasma are led out under the action of the grid electrode system and collide with particles in the optical trap in unidirectional movement to be selectively captured by the particles. The invention generates plasma through laser induction, thereby avoiding generating a high-voltage electric field; meanwhile, the electric potential of the grid electrode is reasonably distributed, so that the property and the electric quantity of the electric charge moving in the electrostatic field are well controlled, and the property of the electric charge captured by the particles is controlled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a charge trapping and releasing device, in particular to a device and a method for selectively trapping and releasing charges in vacuum.
Background
Since the beginning of the seventies of the last century by Ashkin, the manipulation of particles by optical tweezers is a non-contact remote control mode, which does not cause mechanical damage to objects, and the optical tweezers are widely researched and applied as a tool for capturing and manipulating particles in the fields of molecular biology, nanotechnology, experimental physics and the like.
Basic physical research of precise sensing based on a vacuum optical trap technology often needs to establish a corresponding relation between a particle photoelectric signal and actual motion information (displacement) of a particle, namely, a conversion relation between the photoelectric signal and the particle displacement, and the establishment of the relation often needs to be realized by an accurate dynamic model. There are two common calibration methods: (1) calibrating according to the thermal equilibrium motion position of the particles in the optical trap; (2) the characteristic that the particles are easy to be charged is utilized, and the electric field force is calibrated by applying an electric field to the particles. Based on the second method, how to charge neutral particles is a problem to be actually solved. The conventional method is to charge the particles with electric charges by high voltage discharge, but in this method, the electric charges of the particles are random.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art, the present invention provides a device and a method for selectively trapping and releasing particle charges based on laser-induced plasma.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a charge selective releasing device under vacuum condition:
the device comprises a vacuum chamber, a grid electrode system, a plasma system, an optical trap and particles, wherein the optical trap and the particles are positioned in the vacuum chamber, the particles are stably captured in the optical trap, and the grid electrode system conveys charges generated by the plasma system to the particles;
the grid electrode system comprises a first grid electrode, a second grid electrode and a third grid electrode, the first grid electrode, the second grid electrode and the third grid electrode are sequentially parallel to each other and vertically arranged in the vacuum chamber at intervals, through holes are formed in the centers of the first grid electrode, the second grid electrode and the third grid electrode, and the optical trap is located between the second grid electrode and the third grid electrode;
the plasma system comprises a plasma target material, an induced plasma light source and a light path system, wherein the plasma target material and the light path system are positioned in the vacuum chamber, the plasma target material is positioned between a first grid electrode and a second grid electrode through hole, the plasma target material is close to the first grid electrode through hole, the target surface of the plasma target material faces the second grid electrode through hole, the light path system is positioned on one side of a third grid electrode, which is far away from the second grid electrode, and the induced plasma light source is positioned on one side of the vacuum chamber, which is close to the light path system;
the induced plasma light source emits induced plasma laser, the induced plasma laser is input into the optical path system through the high-power optical fiber, the induced plasma laser is collimated and focused by the optical path system, then is emitted out of the optical path system and sequentially passes through the through holes in the centers of the third grid electrode and the second grid electrode, and finally is vertically focused on the surface of the plasma target material, so that the plasma target surface generates plasma, and the charges of the plasma are led out from the first grid electrode, the second grid electrode and the third grid electrode and are accelerated to the particle position to collide with the particles, so that the particles are charged or are electrically neutral.
The light trap is formed by generating laser by a light source outside the vacuum chamber and focusing the laser into the vacuum chamber through incidence of an optical fiber.
The grid electrode system also comprises a first grid electrode power supply, a second grid electrode power supply and a third grid electrode power supply, wherein the first grid electrode power supply, the second grid electrode power supply and the third grid electrode power supply are positioned outside the vacuum chamber, and the first grid electrode power supply, the second grid electrode power supply and the third grid electrode power supply are respectively and electrically connected with the first grid electrode, the second grid electrode and the third grid electrode; the plasma system also comprises an induced plasma laser source power supply, wherein the induced plasma laser source power supply is positioned outside the vacuum chamber and is electrically connected with the induced plasma laser source.
The plasma target material is a compact medium.
The plasma-induced laser source includes but is not limited to a gas laser, an excimer laser or a semiconductor laser, and laser generated by the lasers is an energy source for breaking down a plasma target and generating plasma; the wavelength band of the induced plasma laser includes, but is not limited to, an infrared band, a visible band, or an ultraviolet band.
Secondly, a method for selectively capturing and releasing charges in vacuum:
1) switching on an induced plasma light source of the device to a power supply, enabling the induced plasma light source to emit induced plasma laser and inputting the induced plasma laser into a light path system through a high-power optical fiber, enabling the induced plasma laser to be emitted from the light path system after being collimated and focused by the light path system and sequentially pass through holes in the centers of a third grid electrode and a second grid electrode, and finally enabling the induced plasma laser to vertically focus on the surface of a plasma target material, wherein the plasma target material generates plasma under the action of the induced plasma laser; the plasma is a quasi-neutral gas which is composed of free electrons, free ions and neutral particles and shows collective behavior, and the electric conductivity of the plasma is very high due to the existence of a plurality of free electrons and free ions; the electric charge in the plasma replaces the electric charge generated by high-voltage discharge, so that a high-voltage electric field can be prevented from being generated in the vacuum chamber;
2) connecting a first grid electrode, a second grid electrode and a third grid electrode of the device with a power supply, generating a potential difference between the first grid electrode and the second grid electrode to form an extraction electric field, and generating a potential difference between the second grid electrode and the third grid electrode to form an acceleration electric field;
3) in the step 1), electric charges in the plasma are led out under the action of an led-out electric field and move to an accelerating electric field in a unidirectional mode, and move to a light trap in a unidirectional acceleration mode under the action of the accelerating electric field to collide with particles in the light trap;
4) if the particles are neutral, the particles are charged after the electric charges collide with the particles, and the charging property of the particles is consistent with the electric charges; if the particles are charged and the charged property of the particles is opposite to the charge, the particles are neutralized by the charge after the charge collides with the particles, so that the charge is selectively captured and released in a vacuum environment.
In the step 1), the optical path system includes a beam expanding device, a collimating device and a focusing device, and the induced plasma laser is expanded, collimated and focused to finally be incident on the surface of the plasma target.
In the step 1), the energy density of the induced plasma laser is greater than the critical value of the energy density of the surface of the plasma target, so that the surface of the plasma target can be punctured and the plasma target can generate plasma.
In the step 2), if the potential of the first grid electrode is higher than that of the third grid electrode, and the potential of the second grid electrode is between the potential of the first grid electrode and that of the third grid electrode, the first grid electrode, the second grid electrode and the third grid electrode lead out positive charges of the plasma and accelerate the positive charges to particles; if the potential of the first grid electrode is lower than that of the third grid electrode, and the potential of the second grid electrode is between the potential of the first grid electrode and that of the third grid electrode, the first grid electrode, the second grid electrode and the third grid electrode lead out negative charges of the plasma and accelerate the negative charges to particles; the property of the extracted charges is limited by the potential between the first grid electrode and the second grid electrode, and the moving direction of the extracted charges is limited by the potential between the second grid electrode and the third grid electrode.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention generates plasma through laser induction, thereby avoiding generating a high-voltage electric field; meanwhile, the property of the charges moving in the electrostatic field can be well controlled through reasonable distribution of the electric potential of the grid electrode, so that the property of the charges captured by the particles is controlled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present apparatus;
in the figure: 1. a vacuum chamber, 2, a plasma target, 3, plasma, 4, a first grid electrode, 5, a second grid electrode, 6, a third grid electrode, 7, an induced plasma light source, 8, a light path system, 9, an induced plasma laser, 10, a first grid electrode power supply, 11, a second grid electrode power supply, 12, a third grid electrode power supply, 13, an induced plasma laser source power supply, 14, a light trap, 15, particles, 16, and charges.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
As shown in figure 1, the device comprises a vacuum chamber 1, a grid electrode system, a plasma system, an optical trap 14 and particles 15, wherein the optical trap 14 and the particles 15 are positioned in the vacuum chamber 1, the particles 15 are stably captured in the optical trap 14, the optical trap 14 is formed by generating laser by a light source outside the vacuum chamber 1 and focusing the laser by incidence of an optical fiber into the vacuum chamber 1, and the grid electrode system conveys charges 16 generated by the plasma system to the particles 15.
The grid electrode system comprises a first grid electrode 4, a second grid electrode 5 and a third grid electrode 6, the first grid electrode 4, the second grid electrode 5 and the third grid electrode 6 are sequentially parallel to each other and vertically arranged in the vacuum chamber 1 at intervals, through holes are formed in the centers of the first grid electrode 4, the second grid electrode 5 and the third grid electrode 6, and the optical trap 14 is located between the second grid electrode 5 and the third grid electrode 6.
The grid electrode system also comprises a first grid electrode power supply 10, a second grid electrode power supply 11 and a third grid electrode power supply 12, wherein the first grid electrode power supply 10, the second grid electrode power supply 11 and the third grid electrode power supply 12 are positioned outside the vacuum chamber 1, and the first grid electrode power supply 10, the second grid electrode power supply 11 and the third grid electrode power supply 12 are respectively and electrically connected with the first grid electrode 4, the second grid electrode 5 and the third grid electrode 6.
The plasma system comprises a plasma target 2, an induced plasma light source 7 and a light path system 8, wherein the plasma target 2 and the light path system 8 are located in a vacuum chamber 1, the plasma target 2 is located between through holes of a first grid electrode 4 and a second grid electrode 5, the plasma target 2 is made of a dense medium, the plasma target 2 is close to the through hole of the first grid electrode 4, the target surface of the plasma target 2 faces the through hole of the second grid electrode 5, the light path system 8 is located on one side, far away from the second grid electrode 5, of a third grid electrode 6, and the induced plasma light source 7 is located on one side, close to the light path system 8, outside the vacuum chamber 1.
The plasma system further comprises an induced plasma laser source power supply 13, the induced plasma laser source power supply 13 is located outside the vacuum chamber 1, and the induced plasma laser source power supply 13 is electrically connected with the induced plasma laser source 9.
The plasma-induced laser source 13 includes, but is not limited to, a gas laser, an excimer laser, or a semiconductor laser, and the laser light generated by these lasers is an energy source that breaks down the plasma target 2 and generates the plasma 3; the wavelength band of the induced plasma laser 9 includes, but is not limited to, an infrared band, a visible light band, or an ultraviolet band.
The induced plasma light source 7 emits induced plasma laser 9, the induced plasma laser 9 is input into the optical path system 8 through the high-power optical fiber, the induced plasma laser 9 is collimated and focused by the optical path system 8, then is emitted out of the optical path system 8 and sequentially passes through holes in the centers of the third grid electrode 6 and the second grid electrode 5, and finally is vertically focused on the surface of the plasma target 2, so that the plasma 3 is generated on the target surface of the plasma target 2, and electric charges 16 of the plasma 3 are led out from the first grid electrode 4, the second grid electrode 5 and the third grid electrode 6 and accelerated to the position where the particles 15 collide with the particles 15, so that the particles 15 are charged or electrically neutral.
The method of the device comprises the following steps:
1) switching on a power supply of an induced plasma light source 7 of the device, enabling the induced plasma light source 7 to emit induced plasma laser 9, inputting the induced plasma laser 9 into a light path system 8 through a high-power optical fiber, enabling the induced plasma laser 9 to be collimated and focused by the light path system 8, then emitting the induced plasma laser from the light path system 8, sequentially penetrating through holes in the centers of a third grid electrode 6 and a second grid electrode 5, finally vertically focusing on the surface of a plasma target 2, enabling the plasma target 2 to generate plasma 3 under the action of the induced plasma laser 9, and enabling the surface of the plasma target 2 to be punctured and the plasma target 2 to generate the plasma 3 only if the energy density of the induced plasma laser 9 is greater than the critical value of the energy density of the surface of the plasma target 2; the light path system comprises a beam expanding device, a collimating device and a focusing device, and the induced plasma laser 9 is expanded, collimated and focused to finally irradiate the induced plasma laser 9 to the surface of the plasma target 2; the plasma 3 is a quasi-neutral gas exhibiting collective behavior composed of free electrons, free ions, and neutral particles, and the electric conductivity of the plasma 3 is high due to the presence of many free electrons and free ions; the use of the electric charges in the plasma 3 instead of the electric charges generated by the high-voltage discharge can prevent the generation of a high-voltage electric field in the vacuum chamber 1.
2) A first grid electrode 4, a second grid electrode 5 and a third grid electrode 6 of the device are connected with a power supply, a potential difference is generated between the first grid electrode 4 and the second grid electrode 5 to form an extraction electric field, and a potential difference is generated between the second grid electrode 5 and the third grid electrode 6 to form an acceleration electric field; if the potential of the first grid electrode 4 is higher than the potential of the third grid electrode 6, and the potential of the second grid electrode 5 is between the potential of the first grid electrode 4 and the potential of the third grid electrode 6, the positive charges of the plasma 3 are led out and accelerated onto the particles 15 by the first grid electrode 4, the second grid electrode 5 and the third grid electrode 6; if the potential of the first grid electrode 4 is lower than the potential of the third grid electrode 6, and the potential of the second grid electrode 5 is between the potential of the first grid electrode 4 and the potential of the third grid electrode 6, the first grid electrode 4, the second grid electrode 5 and the third grid electrode 6 lead out negative charges of the plasma 3 and accelerate the negative charges onto the particles 15; the property of the extracted charges 16 is limited by the potential level between the first grid electrode 4 and the second grid electrode 5, and the moving direction of the extracted charges 16 is limited by the potential level between the second grid electrode 5 and the third grid electrode 6.
3) In the step 1), the electric charges 16 in the plasma 3 are led out under the action of the lead-out electric field and move to the accelerating electric field in a unidirectional mode, and move to the optical trap 14 under the action of the accelerating electric field in a unidirectional acceleration mode to collide with the particles 15 in the optical trap 14;
4) if the particles 15 are neutral, the particles 15 are charged after the charge 16 collides with the particles 15, and the charging property of the particles 15 is consistent with that of the charge 16; if the particles 15 are charged and the charged nature of the particles 15 is opposite to the charge 16, the charge 16 collides with the particles 15 to neutralize the particles 15 with the charge 16, thereby achieving selective trapping and releasing of the charge 16 in a vacuum environment.
Claims (9)
1. An apparatus for selective trapped release of charge in a vacuum, comprising:
the device comprises a vacuum chamber (1), a grid electrode system, a plasma system, an optical trap (14) and particles (15), wherein the optical trap (14) and the particles (15) are positioned in the vacuum chamber (1), the particles (15) are stably captured in the optical trap (14), and charges (16) generated by the plasma system are transmitted to the particles (15) by the grid electrode system;
the grid electrode system comprises a first grid electrode (4), a second grid electrode (5) and a third grid electrode (6), the first grid electrode (4), the second grid electrode (5) and the third grid electrode (6) are sequentially arranged in parallel and vertically arranged in the vacuum chamber (1) at intervals, through holes are formed in the centers of the first grid electrode (4), the second grid electrode (5) and the third grid electrode (6), and the light trap (14) is located between the second grid electrode (5) and the third grid electrode (6);
the plasma system comprises a plasma target (2), an induced plasma light source (7) and a light path system (8), wherein the plasma target (2) and the light path system (8) are positioned in a vacuum chamber (1), the plasma target (2) is positioned between a first grid electrode (4) and a through hole of a second grid electrode (5), the plasma target (2) is close to the through hole of the first grid electrode (4), the target surface of the plasma target (2) faces the through hole of the second grid electrode (5), the light path system (8) is positioned on one side of a third grid electrode (6) far away from the second grid electrode (5), and the induced plasma light source (7) is positioned on one side of the outside of the vacuum chamber (1) close to the light path system (8);
the induced plasma light source (7) emits induced plasma laser (9) and inputs the induced plasma laser (9) into the optical path system (8) through the optical path system (8), the induced plasma laser (9) is collimated and focused by the optical path system (8), then is emitted out of the optical path system (8) and sequentially passes through holes in the centers of the third grid electrode (6) and the second grid electrode (5), and finally is vertically focused on the surface of the plasma target (2), so that plasma (3) is generated on the target surface of the plasma target (2), and charges (16) in the plasma (3) are led out from the first grid electrode (4), the second grid electrode (5) and the third grid electrode (6) and accelerated to the position of the particle (15) to collide with the particle (15), so that the particle (15) is charged or electrically neutral.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the light trap (14) is formed by generating laser by a light source outside the vacuum chamber (1) and focusing the laser into the vacuum chamber (1) through incidence of an optical fiber.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the grid electrode system also comprises a first grid electrode power supply (10), a second grid electrode power supply (11) and a third grid electrode power supply (12), wherein the first grid electrode power supply (10), the second grid electrode power supply (11) and the third grid electrode power supply (12) are positioned outside the vacuum chamber (1), and the first grid electrode power supply (10), the second grid electrode power supply (11) and the third grid electrode power supply (12) are respectively and electrically connected with the first grid electrode (4), the second grid electrode (5) and the third grid electrode (6); the plasma system also comprises an induced plasma laser source power supply (13), wherein the induced plasma laser source power supply (13) is positioned outside the vacuum chamber (1), and the induced plasma laser source power supply (13) is electrically connected with the induced plasma laser source (9).
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the plasma target (2) is made of a compact medium.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the plasma induction laser source (13) comprises a gas laser, an excimer laser or a semiconductor laser; the wave band of the induced plasma laser (9) comprises an infrared wave band, a visible light wave band or an ultraviolet wave band.
6. A method for selective trapped and released of charge in vacuum applied to the device according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that:
the method comprises the following steps:
1) switching on an induced plasma light source (7) of the device, enabling the induced plasma light source (7) to emit induced plasma laser (9) and inputting the induced plasma laser into a light path system (8) through a high-power optical fiber, enabling the induced plasma laser (9) to be emitted from the light path system (8) after being collimated and focused by the light path system (8), enabling the induced plasma laser (9) to sequentially pass through holes in the centers of a third grid electrode (6) and a second grid electrode (5) and finally vertically focus on the surface of a plasma target material (2), and enabling the plasma target material (2) to generate plasma (3) under the action of the induced plasma laser (9);
2) a first grid electrode (4), a second grid electrode (5) and a third grid electrode (6) of the device are connected with a power supply, a potential difference is generated between the first grid electrode (4) and the second grid electrode (5) to form an extraction electric field, and a potential difference is generated between the second grid electrode (5) and the third grid electrode (6) to form an acceleration electric field;
3) in the step 1), electric charges (16) in the plasma (3) are led out under the action of an led-out electric field and move to an accelerating electric field in a unidirectional mode, and move to a light trap (14) in a unidirectional acceleration mode under the action of the accelerating electric field to collide with particles (15) in the light trap (14);
4) if the particles (15) are neutral, the particles (15) are charged after the electric charges (16) collide with the particles (15), and the charging property of the particles (15) is consistent with that of the electric charges (16); if the particles (15) are charged and the charged property of the particles (15) is opposite to that of the charges (16), the charges (16) collide with the particles (15) so that the particles (15) are neutralized by the charges (16), and therefore selective capture and release of the charges (16) in a vacuum environment are achieved.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method comprises:
in the step 1), the light path system comprises a beam expanding device, a collimating device and a focusing device, and the induced plasma laser (9) is expanded, collimated and focused to finally irradiate the induced plasma laser (9) to the surface of the plasma target (2).
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the method comprises:
in the step 1), the energy density of the induced plasma laser (9) is larger than the critical value of the surface energy density of the plasma target (2).
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the method comprises:
in the step 2), if the potential of the first grid electrode (4) is higher than the potential of the third grid electrode (6), and the potential of the second grid electrode (5) is between the potential of the first grid electrode (4) and the potential of the third grid electrode (6), the positive charges of the plasma (3) are led out and accelerated onto the particles (15) by the first grid electrode (4), the second grid electrode (5) and the third grid electrode (6); if the potential of the first grid electrode (4) is lower than that of the third grid electrode (6), and the potential of the second grid electrode (5) is between the potential of the first grid electrode (4) and the potential of the third grid electrode (6), the first grid electrode (4), the second grid electrode (5) and the third grid electrode (6) extract and accelerate negative charges of the plasma (3) to particles (15).
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| CN115223430A (en) * | 2022-09-19 | 2022-10-21 | 之江实验室 | Vacuum optical tweezers experiment teaching device based on suspended nanoparticles |
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