CN114002869B - Optical adjusting system applied to virtual reality display - Google Patents

Optical adjusting system applied to virtual reality display Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114002869B
CN114002869B CN202111637959.2A CN202111637959A CN114002869B CN 114002869 B CN114002869 B CN 114002869B CN 202111637959 A CN202111637959 A CN 202111637959A CN 114002869 B CN114002869 B CN 114002869B
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liquid crystal
light
module
polarization
display
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CN114002869A (en
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霍英东
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Nanchang Virtual Reality Institute Co Ltd
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Nanchang Virtual Reality Institute Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/133541—Circular polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/133548—Wire-grid polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an optical adjusting system applied to virtual reality display, belonging to the field of optics; the system comprises a display unit and an image processing unit, wherein the display unit comprises a display, a polarization module, a liquid crystal phase modulator and an ocular lens along a light propagation path, and further comprises a focal depth expansion module which is positioned on the light propagation path and is arranged between the polarization module and the ocular lens. According to the liquid crystal phase modulator, the phase modulation of light on the display is realized through the external driving circuit, and the visual angle of focal plane type virtual reality display is improved; and the focal depth extension module is combined to change the polarization state of light through the image processing unit so as to switch the focal depth range, improve the matching degree of a focal plane and a three-dimensional scene, and reduce the problem of space precision of the liquid crystal phase modulator.

Description

Optical adjusting system applied to virtual reality display
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optics, and particularly relates to an optical adjustment system applied to virtual reality display.
Background
Research on the application fields of optical disc storage, microscope imaging, optical calibration, tomography and the like is developed successively, wherein Wave Front Coding (WFC) is a new technology for expanding the focal depth of an optical system, which was developed in the 90 s. In recent years, studies on the expansion of the focal depth by the polarization effect have been paid attention, and recently, studies on the expansion of the focal depth by using radial and tangential vector beams, a quasi-bifocal birefringent lens, a cemented doublet, and the like have been successively reported. The above methods have been extensively studied in the optical axial expansion of the depth of focus.
At present, the focal plane display technology released by Facebook has continuous depth information, and can well solve the convergence regulation conflict problem when being applied to virtual reality display. However, the focal plane display technology is limited to the size of the LCOS spatial light modulator (generally smaller than 1 inch), it is difficult to meet the requirement of the VR industry for the viewing angle, and the LCOS spatial light modulator is expensive, which is not favorable for the industrialization of the focal plane display technology in the VR industry.
Therefore, no effective solution has been proposed yet for providing an optical adjustment system to dynamically adapt to VR requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, the invention provides an optical adjustment system applied in virtual reality display.
The invention provides the following technical scheme, an optical adjustment system applied to virtual reality display comprises a display unit and an image processing unit; the display unit comprises a display, a polarization module, a liquid crystal phase modulator and an eyepiece along a light propagation path;
the display unit further comprises a focal depth expansion module which is positioned on the light propagation path and is arranged between the polarization module and the ocular lens; the focal depth expansion module comprises an 1/4 wave plate, an electric control half-wave plate and a polarization plane lens which are sequentially arranged along a light propagation path;
light that the display sent is through the polarization module is handled, and partial light gets into liquid crystal phase modulator gets into again through the modulation polarization module, part partial light quilt polarization module keeps apart and prevents the reflexion once more, another part partial light refraction is predetermine the angle and is got into the dark extension module of focus is handled, and passes through the polarization state of image processing unit change light gets into the eyepiece forms the virtual image to realize the scene of the different degree of depth of simultaneous display.
Preferably, the liquid crystal phase modulator includes a liquid crystal device and an external driving member, the external driving member includes a bus line for connecting internal and external driving of the liquid crystal device, a main control board and a signal transfer board.
Preferably, the liquid crystal device comprises a first glass substrate, a driving circuit, a reflection type pixel electrode, a first liquid crystal layer, a first transparent electrode, a first glass cover plate and a first anti-reflection film which are arranged from bottom to top; the driving circuit is used for regulating and controlling the voltage corresponding to each pixel of the reflection type pixel electrode, so that an electric field is formed between the first transparent electrode and the reflection type pixel electrode, liquid crystal molecules of the first liquid crystal layer are deflected under the action of the electric field, and different light phase retardation corresponding to different deflection angles of the liquid crystal molecules is realized.
Preferably, the driving circuit is a TFT driving circuit formed on the surface of the first glass substrate by a photolithography process.
Preferably, the signal input interface of the liquid crystal phase modulator is a universal video input interface of one or a combination of more of VGA, DVI, HDMI or DP.
Preferably, the electrically controlled half-wave plate comprises a second glass substrate, a second lower transparent electrode, a second liquid crystal layer, a second upper transparent electrode, a second glass cover plate and a second anti-reflection film which are arranged from bottom to top; and adjusting the voltages corresponding to the second lower transparent electrode and the second upper transparent electrode through a preset driving circuit to form an electric field between the second lower transparent electrode and the second upper transparent electrode, so that liquid crystal molecules of the second liquid crystal layer are deflected under the action of the electric field, and then controlling the electric control half-wave plate to be in an open state or a closed state by applying voltage.
Preferably, the preset driving circuit uses alternating voltage signals with opposite polarities to prevent the second liquid crystal layer from generating a polarization phenomenon in an electric field with the same polarity.
Preferably, the polarization module includes a circular polarizer, a beam splitter, and a linear polarizer, which are sequentially disposed along a light propagation path.
Preferably, the image processing unit comprises a phase diagram output module, a color diagram output module and a synchronous modulation signal output module; the phase diagram output module is electrically connected with the liquid crystal phase modulator, the color diagram output module is electrically connected with the display, the synchronous modulation signal output module is electrically connected with the focal depth expansion module, and the synchronous modulation signal output module is used for changing the polarization state of the partial light so as to realize the switching of different focal depth ranges.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an optical adjustment system for virtual reality display according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a liquid crystal phase modulator according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal phase modulator according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of RGB three-color gamma real-time switching according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a transformation relationship between a phase gray-scale image and an RGB color image according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a depth of focus extension module according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an electrically controlled half-wave plate according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the electronically controlled half-wave plate switching in real time on a time sequence to match different color channels in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a polarization module according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a display system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
10-display unit, 11-display, 12-polarization module, 121-circular polarizer, 122-beam splitter, 123-linear polarizer, 13-liquid crystal phase modulator, 131-liquid crystal device, 1311-first glass substrate, 1312-driving circuit, 1313-reflection type pixel electrode, 1314-first liquid crystal layer, 1315-first transparent electrode, 1316-first glass cover plate, 1317-first anti-reflection film, 132-external driving member, 1321-flat cable, 1322-main control plate, 1323-signal rotating plate, 14-eyepiece, 15-depth of focus extension module, 151-1/4 wave plate, 152-electrically controlled half wave plate, 1521-second glass substrate, 1522-second lower transparent electrode, 3-second liquid crystal layer, 1524-second upper transparent electrode, 1525-second glass cover plate, 1526-second anti-reflection film, 153-polarization plane lens;
20-an image processing unit, 21-a phase diagram output module, 22-a color diagram output module and 23-a synchronous modulation signal output module.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be illustrative of the embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrated; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, an optical adjustment system applied in a virtual reality display includes a display unit 10 and an image processing unit 20. The display unit 10 includes a display 11, a polarization module 12, a liquid crystal phase modulator 13, and an eyepiece 14 along a light propagation path.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the display unit 10 further includes a depth-of-focus expansion module 15 located on the light propagation path and between the polarization module 12 and the eyepiece 14. In a specific practice, in the virtual reality display technology, if the same focal depth range: when the focal depth expanding module 15 is not added, the minimum focal length of the phase modulator is required to be F0The pixel size p of the phase modulator should be smaller than F according to the nyquist sampling theorem0X λ \ 2 x δ, where λ is the length of the light line and δ is the diagonal dimension of the phase modulator; when a depth of focus extension module is added, the minimum focal length of the phase modulator is required to be F1The pixel size p of the phase modulator should be smaller than F according to the nyquist sampling theorem1X λ \ 2 x δ because F is subjected to the depth of focus extension process1Greater than F0Therefore, the required pixel size p of the phase modulator can be properly amplified, and thus, by adding the focal depth expansion module 15, the matching degree of the focal plane and the three-dimensional scene is improved and the requirement on the spatial precision of the phase modulator is reduced on the premise of ensuring that the total focal depth range is not changed.
As shown in fig. 1, the optical adjustment system of the present invention is used to convert a two-dimensional planar scene of known depth in the display 11 into a smooth three-dimensional curved scene shown in the eyepiece 14, and is specifically arranged as follows: polarization module 12 and the axis direction of liquid crystal phase modulator 13 with the light propagation direction that display 11 sent is parallel, focal depth extension module 15 and the axis direction of eyepiece 14 with the light propagation direction that display 11 sent is perpendicular, promptly display 11 polarization module 12 and liquid crystal phase modulator 13 is linear setting, focal depth extension module 15 and eyepiece 14 is located the side. Specifically, the light propagation path of the display system is as follows: the light that display 11 sent gets into polarization module 12, and the warp polarization module 12 is handled, and partial light gets into liquid crystal phase modulator 13, the warp modulation reentrant of liquid crystal phase modulator 13 polarization module 12, some partial light quilt polarization module 12 keeps apart and prevents the reflexion again, another part partial light refraction preset angle entering focus depth extension module 15 is handled, and pass through image processing unit 20 changes the polarization state of light so that switch different focus depth ranges, gets into at last eyepiece 14 forms the three-dimensional virtual image, realizes before the light modulation from what eyepiece 14 saw is planar two-dimensional image, follow after the modulation eyepiece 14 saw be the three-dimensional image that has the depth of field relation, realize the scene of the different depths of simultaneous display promptly.
Further, the image processing unit 20 includes a phase map output module 21, a color map output module 22, and a synchronous modulation signal output module 23. In this embodiment, the phase diagram output module 21 is electrically connected to the liquid crystal phase modulator 13, the color diagram output module 22 is electrically connected to the display 11, the synchronous modulation signal output module 13 is electrically connected to the focal depth expanding module 15, and the synchronous modulation signal output module 13 is configured to change the polarization state of the part of light, so as to implement switching between different focal depth ranges. In a specific practice, the image processing unit 20 may be integrated in a main control chip of a terminal, and the phase diagram output module 21, the color diagram output module 22 and the synchronous modulation signal output module 23 are electrically controlled by the control of the terminal; preferably, the terminal can adopt a computer device, and can also adopt other PC end devices or mobile end devices.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal phase modulator 13 includes a liquid crystal device 131 and an external driving member 132. A conventional phase Modulator generally uses a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) process on a Silicon substrate to form a driving back plate, and a Liquid Crystal layer and an electrode are added to form a Liquid Crystal cell structure to implement phase modulation, so as to be called a Liquid Crystal on Silicon-Spatial Light Modulator (LCOS-SLM). The invention adopts a glass-based high-mobility Thin Film Transistor (Thin Film Transistor) process to manufacture a high PPI (Pixel Per Inch) driving back plate, and a liquid crystal layer and electrodes are added to form a liquid crystal phase modulator or a glass-based liquid crystal phase modulator 13 with a liquid crystal box structure.
In this embodiment, the driving backplane is a driving backplane of IGZO-TFT type; of course, in other embodiments, the driving backplane may also be an LTPS-TFT driving backplane. Preferably, the liquid crystal phase modulator 13 is an active matrix device, and functions to adjust the phase retardation of each pixel within the range of 0 to 2 pi; as shown in fig. 4, in particular, the liquid crystal phase modulator 13 may implement independent gamma correction on the red, green and blue lights on the display 11 through an external driving circuit, so that the red, green and blue lights can all implement a phase modulation range of 0-2 pi and correspond to a gray scale range from the highest gray scale to the zero gray scale, store the correction data in a flash, and can switch in real time on a time sequence to match the picture contents of different color channels, thereby reducing chromatic aberration. It should be noted that the phase modulation range is not limited to 0-2 pi, and may be selected from 0-3 pi, 0-4 pi, or 0-6 pi, etc. according to specific requirements.
Further, the external driving member 132 includes a bus line 1321 for connecting internal and external driving of the liquid crystal device 131, a main control board 1322, and a signal transfer board 1323. Specifically, along the propagation direction of the driving signal of the external driving member 132, the driving signal sent from the terminal is sequentially input to the liquid crystal phase modulator 13 through the signal conversion plate 1323, the main control plate 1322 and the flat cable 1321, so as to control the liquid crystal phase modulator 13.
As shown in fig. 5, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal device 131 includes a first glass substrate 1311, a driving circuit 1312, a reflective pixel electrode 1313, a first liquid crystal layer 1314, a first transparent electrode 1315, a first glass cover 1316, and a first anti-reflection film 1317, which are disposed from bottom to top. Specifically, the operation mechanism of the liquid crystal device 131 is: the driving circuit 1312 regulates and controls a voltage corresponding to each pixel in the reflective pixel electrodes 1313, so that an electric field is formed between the first transparent electrode 1315 and the reflective pixel electrodes 1313, and as the first liquid crystal layer 1314 is located between the first transparent electrode 1315 and the reflective pixel electrodes 1313, liquid crystal molecules of the first liquid crystal layer 1314 are deflected under the action of the electric field, and different deflection angles of the liquid crystal molecules correspond to different optical phase retardation amounts, so as to implement programmable optical phase modulation; that is, when light enters from one side of the first glass cover 1316, passes through the first liquid crystal layer 1314, is reflected by the reflective pixel electrode 1313, enters the first liquid crystal layer 1314 again, and exits from one side of the first glass cover 1316, so as to achieve the purpose of modulating the optical phase. In the above preferred embodiment of the present invention, compared to the prior art in which the size of the LCOS spatial light modulator is limited, the LCOS spatial light modulator is generally smaller than 1 inch, and it is difficult to meet the requirement of VR users on the viewing angle.
Further, the driving circuit 1312 employs a TFT driving circuit. In this embodiment, the first glass substrate 1311 is a carrier of the driving circuit 1312, and is formed on a surface of the first glass substrate 1311 through a photolithography process. Among them, the TFT is a short name of "Thin Film Transistor", generally referred to as a Thin Film liquid crystal display, and actually referred to as a Thin Film Transistor (matrix), and can control each individual pixel on a screen "actively", that is, a so-called active matrix TFT (active matrix TFT).
Further, the first anti-reflection film 1317 is intended to improve the light transmittance into the liquid crystal device 131, so that light incident on the liquid crystal device 131 enters the liquid crystal device 131 as much as possible, reducing the intensity of reflected incident light.
Further, the signal input interface of the liquid crystal phase modulator 13 is an HDMI universal video input interface. Of course, other embodiments may also be a universal video input interface such as VGA, DVI, HDMI, or DP, or may adopt a combination of two or more of HDMI, VGA, DVI, HDMI, and DP. In a specific practice, as shown in fig. 6, taking the liquid crystal phase modulator 13 with M rows and N columns as an example, the image input to the liquid crystal phase modulator 13 is a color image or a color video in RGB format; wherein the actual input image should take an RGB color map or color video of M rows ⅓ N columns with the aim of assigning pixel gray values to the RGB channels by columns in the horizontal direction. Among these, the understanding between the gray level of an RGB image and the RGB channel is: the gray level refers to the difference between brightness and darkness of displayed pixel points in a black-and-white display, the gray level represents the brightness and darkness degree of a single color, the difference of colors is represented in a color display, and the more the gray level is, the clearer and more vivid the image level is. Specifically, in a color/RGB image, the image is a three-dimensional matrix such as 4003003, where 400 represents the number of columns, 300 represents the number of rows, and 3 represents three components, i.e., R, G, B; each layer matrix (4003001/2/3) corresponds to R/G/B gray scale values, where the matrix represents only gray scale values for monochromatic light, not color images. In the above embodiment of the present invention, the optical adjustment system converts a two-dimensional plane scene with a known depth into a smooth three-dimensional curved scene, maps a three-dimensional curved surface to a local focal length, and uses the programmable glass-based liquid crystal phase modulator 13 as a dynamic free-form surface lens to implement local zooming, so as to implement display of the three-dimensional curved scene on a virtual image plane of the optical adjustment system.
As shown in fig. 7, the depth of focus expansion module 15 includes 1/4 wave plate 151, electrically controlled half-wave plate 152, and polarization plane lens 153 arranged in sequence along the light propagation path. The 1/4 wave plate 151 is a birefringent single crystal wave plate with a certain thickness, and when light is transmitted through the wave plate from normal incidence, the phase difference between the ordinary light (o light) and the extraordinary light (e light) is equal to pi/2 or odd times thereof. Specifically, when linearly polarized light vertically enters 1/4 the wave plate, and the polarization of the light forms an angle theta with the optical axis plane (vertical natural splitting plane) of the wave plate, and after the light exits, the light becomes elliptically polarized light; particularly when θ =45 °, the outgoing light is circularly polarized light.
As shown in fig. 8, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the focal depth expanding module 15 includes an electrically controlled half-wave plate 152, and the electrically controlled half-wave plate 152 includes a second glass substrate 1521, a second lower transparent electrode 1522, a second liquid crystal layer 1523, a second upper transparent electrode 1524, a second glass cover plate 1525 and a second anti-reflection film 1526, which are disposed from bottom to top. Specifically, the electrically controlled half-wave plate 152 works by the following mechanism: voltages corresponding to the second lower transparent electrode 1522 and the second upper transparent electrode 1524 can be adjusted by a preset driving circuit, so that an electric field is formed between the second lower transparent electrode 1522 and the second upper transparent electrode 1524, liquid crystal molecules of the second liquid crystal layer 1523 are deflected under the action of the electric field, and the electric control half-wave plate 152 is controlled to be in an open state or a closed state by applying a voltage; namely, when light enters from one side of the second anti-reflection film and exits from the other side, the technical effect of the half-wave plate can be realized. Preferably, a positive compensation film is added between the second anti-reflection film 1526 and the second glass cover plate 1525, the alignment direction is perpendicular to the initial alignment of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal device 131, and the compensation amount is required to ensure that the phase difference between P light and S light after the blue light passes through the liquid crystal device 131 is zero under the driving of a saturation voltage; wherein the initial alignment of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal device refers to the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules without applying electricity. In other embodiments, a negative compensation film may be added between the second anti-reflection film 1526 and the second glass cover plate 1525, and similarly, the compensation amount needs to ensure that the phase difference between P light and S light is zero after blue light passes through the liquid crystal cell under the driving of saturation voltage.
As shown in fig. 9, the thickness of the liquid crystal device 131 of the present embodiment is designed to realize a pi phase retardation amount according to red light; when the applied voltage is 0, the optical phase retardation corresponding to the red light reaches exactly 0, the wave plate of the red light is in an open state, that is, the open voltage of the red light is 0V, and when the applied voltage is V1/2Wp-RIn time, make red lightThe corresponding optical phase retardation amount just reaches the pi phase, and the wave plate of the red light is in the off state, i.e. the off voltage of the red light is V1/2Wp-R(ii) a By the same token, it can be concluded that when the applied voltage is V0-GWhen the light phase delay amount corresponding to the green light reaches 0, the wave plate of the red light is in an open state, namely the open voltage of the green light is V0-GWhen the applied voltage is V1/2Wp-GWhen the light phase retardation amount corresponding to the green light reaches pi phase, the wave plate of the green light is in a closed state, that is, the closing voltage of the green light is V1/2Wp-G(ii) a When the applied voltage is V0-B, the retardation of the blue light beam reaches 0, and the wave plate is in an open state, i.e. the open voltage is V0-BWhen the applied voltage is V1/2Wp-BThen, the retardation of the light phase corresponding to the blue light reaches exactly pi phase, and the wave plate of the blue light is in the off state, i.e. the off voltage of the blue light is V1/2Wp-B. Therefore, the electric control half-wave plate can realize the correction of the pi phase delay amount of red, green and blue light rays through the driving circuit, and can switch in real time on a time sequence to match the picture contents of different color channels.
Further, the preset driving circuit uses alternating voltage signals with opposite polarities to prevent the second liquid crystal layer 1523 from polarization under the same polarity electric field, so as to prolong the service life of the electrically controlled half-wave plate 152.
Further, the purpose of the second anti-reflection film 1526 is to improve the light transmittance entering the electrically controlled half-wave plate 152, so that the light entering the electrically controlled half-wave plate 152 enters the electrically controlled half-wave plate 152 as much as possible, and the reflected intensity of the incident light is reduced.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the optical adjustment system applied in the virtual reality display of the present invention can be matched with the focal depth expansion module 15 through the glass-based liquid crystal phase modulator 13, so that on one hand, the visual angle of the focal plane type virtual reality display can be greatly increased, and on the premise of ensuring that the total focal depth range is not changed, the matching degree between the focal plane and the three-dimensional scene is increased, thereby reducing the requirement of the liquid crystal phase modulator on the spatial precision. Certainly, the focal depth expansion module 15 in the present invention may also be matched with other liquid crystal phase modulators 13 besides the glass-based liquid crystal phase modulator 13, so as to improve the matching degree between the focal plane and the three-dimensional scene on the premise of ensuring that the total focal depth range is not changed, thereby reducing the requirement for the spatial precision of the liquid crystal phase modulator.
As shown in fig. 10, the polarization module 12 includes a circular polarizer 121, a beam splitter 122, and a linear polarizer 123, which are sequentially disposed along a light propagation path; the beam splitter 122 is a beam splitter prism; other embodiments may use a flat plate beamsplitter as beamsplitter 122. The light of the display 11 forms a focal plane before modulation after being processed by the circular polarizer 121 and the beam splitter 122, and forms a modulated focal plane after being processed by the beam splitter 122, the linear polarizer 123 and the liquid crystal phase modulator 13, and is displayed on the eyepiece 14. In a specific practice, as shown in fig. 11, light emitted from the display 11 enters the polarization module 12, first enters the beam splitter 122 through the circular polarizer 121, a part of the light is reflected by the beam splitter 122, and the remaining part of the light is transmitted and then enters the liquid crystal phase modulator 13 through the linear polarizer 123 for modulation, and the modulated light returns to the beam splitter 122 again; part of the modulated light is transmitted through the circular polarizer 121 and transmitted on the display 11, at this time, the circular polarizer 121 may isolate the part of the modulated light to prevent the part of the modulated light from being reflected back to the beam splitter 122 again, and the rest of the modulated light returning to the beam splitter 122 enters the focal depth expanding module 15 after being bent by 90 degrees by the beam splitter to achieve the purpose of changing the polarization state of the light.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. An optical adjustment system applied in virtual reality display comprises a display unit and an image processing unit; the display unit is characterized by comprising a display, a polarization module, a liquid crystal phase modulator and an eyepiece along a light propagation path;
the display unit further comprises a focal depth expansion module which is positioned on the light propagation path and is arranged between the polarization module and the ocular lens; the focal depth expansion module comprises an 1/4 wave plate, an electric control half-wave plate and a polarization plane lens which are sequentially arranged along a light propagation path;
the light that the display sent is through the polarization module is handled, and partial light gets into liquid crystal phase modulator gets into again through the modulation polarization module, part partial light quilt polarization module is kept apart and is prevented reflexing once more, another part partial light is through refraction angle entering of predetermineeing the focus depth extension module is handled, through the image processing unit changes the polarization state of light, gets into the eyepiece forms the virtual image to realize the scene of the different degree of depth of simultaneous display.
2. The optical adjustment system for virtual reality display of claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal phase modulator comprises a liquid crystal device and an external driving unit, the external driving unit comprises a flat cable, a main control board and a signal rotating board for connecting the internal and external driving of the liquid crystal device.
3. The optical adjustment system for use in virtual reality display according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the liquid crystal phase modulator comprises a liquid crystal device comprising a first glass substrate, a driving circuit, a reflective pixel electrode, a first liquid crystal layer, a first transparent electrode, a first glass cover plate, and a first anti-reflection film, which are disposed from bottom to top; the driving circuit is used for regulating and controlling the voltage corresponding to each pixel of the reflection type pixel electrode, so that an electric field is formed between the first transparent electrode and the reflection type pixel electrode, liquid crystal molecules of the first liquid crystal layer are deflected under the action of the electric field, and different light phase retardation corresponding to different deflection angles of the liquid crystal molecules is realized.
4. The optical adjustment system for virtual reality display according to claim 3, wherein the driving circuit is a TFT driving circuit formed on the surface of the first glass substrate by a photolithography process.
5. The optical adjustment system for virtual reality display of claim 3, wherein the signal input interface of the liquid crystal phase modulator is a universal video input interface of one or more combinations of VGA, DVI, HDMI or DP.
6. The optical adjustment system applied in the virtual reality display according to claim 1, wherein the electrically controlled half-wave plate comprises a second glass substrate, a second lower transparent electrode, a second liquid crystal layer, a second upper transparent electrode, a second glass cover plate and a second anti-reflection film arranged from bottom to top; and adjusting the voltages corresponding to the second lower transparent electrode and the second upper transparent electrode through a preset driving circuit to form an electric field between the second lower transparent electrode and the second upper transparent electrode, so that liquid crystal molecules of the second liquid crystal layer are deflected under the action of the electric field, and then controlling the electric control half-wave plate to be in an open state or a closed state by applying voltage.
7. The optical adjustment system of claim 6, wherein the preset driving circuit employs alternating voltage signals with opposite polarities to prevent polarization of the second liquid crystal layer in the same polarity field.
8. An optical adjustment system for use in a virtual reality display according to claim 1, wherein the polarization module comprises a circular polarizer, a beam splitter and a linear polarizer arranged in sequence along the light propagation path.
9. The optical adjustment system applied in the virtual reality display according to claim 1, wherein the image processing unit comprises a phase diagram output module, a color diagram output module and a synchronous modulation signal output module; the phase diagram output module is electrically connected with the liquid crystal phase modulator, the color diagram output module is electrically connected with the display, the synchronous modulation signal output module is electrically connected with the focal depth expansion module, and the synchronous modulation signal output module is used for changing the polarization state of the partial light so as to realize the switching of different focal depth ranges.
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