CN114002063B - Method for predicting rock failure - Google Patents
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- CN114002063B CN114002063B CN202111245832.6A CN202111245832A CN114002063B CN 114002063 B CN114002063 B CN 114002063B CN 202111245832 A CN202111245832 A CN 202111245832A CN 114002063 B CN114002063 B CN 114002063B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention provides a method of predicting rock failure comprising applying stress to a rock surface; measuring acoustic emission data through an acoustic emission probe; drawing a curve graph of the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count and the cumulative energy along with time by using acoustic emission data; determining the starting point of the rising trend of the cumulative ringing count and the cumulative energy of the acoustic emission; and taking the rising trend starting point of the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count as an early warning point, and taking the rising trend starting point of the cumulative energy as a rock destruction starting position. The method can combine acoustic emission cumulative ringing count and acoustic emission cumulative energy to predict rock damage, and can predict rock damage in advance according to the variation trend of acoustic emission signals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, in particular to a method for predicting rock damage.
Background
With the rapid development of national economy, many kinds of rock engineering under construction and to be built have large scale, high difficulty and large quantity, and are in the forefront of the world. With the increase of the construction difficulty and the depth, various rock engineering accidents frequently occur. Sudden destabilization damage of rocks is one of the key factors threatening the safety of geotechnical engineering. Therefore, the method for predicting the rock destruction in advance has important engineering value and practical significance.
When the rock is deformed and damaged, the phenomenon that energy is rapidly released to generate transient elastic waves is called rock acoustic emission. Among the many signals generated during the rock failure process, the acoustic emission signal is close to the mechanism of the microcrack evolution activity. Before the rock is damaged, the accumulated energy is released in the form of Acoustic Emission (AE) for a period of time, the released intensity of the energy reflects rich information of the change of the internal state of the rock, and the received signals are processed and analyzed to be used as the basis for monitoring the stability of the rock.
Therefore, if the rock damage can be predicted by using the acoustic emission monitoring result, the method has important significance for the safety of rock engineering. The patent provides a method for predicting rock damage in advance by using acoustic emission signal change, and the method can be popularized to prediction of surrounding rock damage in engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for pre-judging rock damage, which can combine acoustic emission cumulative ringing count and acoustic emission cumulative energy to pre-judge rock damage and can predict rock damage in advance according to the change trend of acoustic emission signals.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of predicting rock failure comprising applying stress to a rock surface; measuring acoustic emission data through an acoustic emission probe; plotting acoustic emission cumulative ringing counts and cumulative energy versus time using the acoustic emission data; determining an upward trend onset point for the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count and the cumulative energy; and taking the rising trend starting point of the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count as an early warning point, and taking the rising trend starting point of the cumulative energy as a rock destruction starting position.
According to an embodiment of the invention, wherein applying stress to the rock surface comprises: the stress versus time curve is set and applied to the rock surface.
According to an embodiment of the invention, wherein measuring acoustic emission data by the acoustic emission probe comprises: and arranging an acoustic emission probe on the surface of the rock, monitoring acoustic emission data in real time, and storing the data.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the acoustic emission probe is a plurality of acoustic emission probes, and the acoustic emission probes are uniformly arranged on the rock surface.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein plotting acoustic emission cumulative ringing counts and cumulative energy versus time using the acoustic emission data comprises: setting an accumulation time period, accumulating data in each time period from the beginning of monitoring to obtain an accumulated ringing count and accumulated energy, and then drawing a change curve graph.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein determining the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count and the rising trend start point of the cumulative energy comprises: and observing the change curve graph of the cumulative ringing count and the cumulative energy change trend along time, and determining the starting position of the curve ascending trend.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the taking the ascending trend starting point of the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count as an early warning point and the ascending trend starting point of the cumulative energy as a rock damage starting position comprises: when the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count curve has a rising trend, the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count curve indicates that the cracks in the rock begin to develop and stably expand, and the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count curve is used as an early warning point for predicting the rock damage; when the acoustic emission cumulative energy curve has a rising trend, the acoustic emission cumulative energy curve shows that cracks in the rock are unstably expanded, converged and communicated, and the acoustic emission cumulative energy curve is used as a mark point for predicting that the rock is about to be damaged.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the rock is granite, the stress increases from 0 to 150MPa within 400 seconds, the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count curve tends to rise at 310s, and the acoustic emission cumulative energy curve tends to rise at 387 s.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the rock is basalt, the stress increases from 0 to 180MPa within 400 seconds, the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count curve shows a rising trend at 301s, and the acoustic emission cumulative energy curve shows a rising trend at 340 s.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the rock is sandstone, the stress is increased from 0 to 120MPa within 400 seconds, the sound emission cumulative ringing count curve has a rising trend at 310s, and the sound emission cumulative energy curve has a rising trend at 350 s.
One embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages or benefits:
the method of the invention can combine acoustic emission cumulative ringing count and acoustic emission cumulative energy to predict rock damage. The method comprises the steps of setting a stress change curve, applying stress to the surface of the rock, measuring acoustic emission data through an acoustic emission probe, drawing an acoustic emission cumulative ringing count and cumulative energy change curve graph along with time, judging a rising starting point by observing a change rule of the curve, and predicting rock damage in advance by combining the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count and the acoustic emission cumulative energy.
After the excavation of a tunnel or a tunnel in an engineering site is finished, the phenomenon of stress redistribution and stress concentration can be generated inside surrounding rocks, and the process can be actually regarded as an indoor uniaxial compression process, so that acoustic emission sensors are timely arranged on the excavated tunnel surrounding rocks, and the purpose of predicting the damage of the surrounding rocks is realized by monitoring the variation trend of acoustic emission signals in the process of stress redistribution inside the surrounding rocks.
Drawings
The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method of anticipating rock failure according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating acoustic emission characteristics of granite according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating basalt sound emission features in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of sandstone acoustic emission characteristics, shown in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and thus their detailed description will be omitted.
The terms "a," "an," "the," "said" are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements/components/etc.; the terms "comprising" and "having" are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements/components/etc. other than the listed elements/components/etc.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for predicting rock failure according to the present invention.
The method for prejudging the rock damage comprises the following steps: s1, applying stress to the surface of the rock; s2, measuring acoustic emission data through an acoustic emission probe; s3, drawing a curve graph of the cumulative ringing count and the cumulative energy changing along with time of acoustic emission by using acoustic emission data; s4, determining the rising trend starting point of the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count and the cumulative energy; and S5, taking the rising trend starting point of the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count as an early warning point, and taking the rising trend starting point of the cumulative energy as a rock damage starting position.
The method is characterized in that an indoor uniaxial compression acoustic emission test is carried out on the rock, the change characteristics of acoustic emission ringing count and acoustic emission energy along with time in the whole process of rock compression deformation damage are analyzed, and the acoustic emission ringing count is more sensitive than energy response when the rock is at the front damage stage, namely, an acoustic emission cumulative ringing count curve is increased before an cumulative energy curve. The rising trend of the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count curve always precedes that of the cumulative energy curve, but the rock damage cannot be accurately predicted only according to the rising trend of the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count curve, and when the rising trend of the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count curve occurs, the rock damage is closer to the damage. Therefore, the method of combining the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count curve and the cumulative energy curve can be used for more accurately predicting the damage of the rock.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, applying stress to the rock surface comprises: the stress versus time curve is set and applied to the rock surface.
As shown in fig. 1, a time-dependent stress curve is set according to the rock volume characteristics, and stress is applied to the rock surface at time nodes according to this curve.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, measuring acoustic emission data by an acoustic emission probe comprises: the acoustic emission probe is arranged on the surface of the rock, acoustic emission data are monitored in real time and stored, and the acoustic emission probes are multiple and are uniformly arranged on the surface of the rock.
Wherein, can evenly arrange a plurality of probes on the rock surface to the acoustic emission data of each position of comprehensive record rock.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, plotting acoustic emission cumulative ringing counts and cumulative energy versus time using acoustic emission data comprises: setting an accumulation time period, accumulating data in each time period from the beginning of monitoring to obtain an accumulated ringing count and accumulated energy, and then drawing a change curve graph.
After adding stress to the rock, the whole measurement process is performed in real time, as shown in fig. 1. In the process of drawing the curve, a short time period, for example, 1 second, may be set, and then the measurement data within 1 second is accumulated, and a smooth curve transition is used between each time period to draw a change curve of the accumulated ringing count and the accumulated energy.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, determining an upward trend starting point of an acoustic emission cumulative ringing count and cumulative energy comprises: and observing the change curve graph of the cumulative ringing count and the trend of the cumulative energy of the acoustic emission along with the change of time, and determining the starting position of the rising trend of the curve.
As shown in fig. 1, after the change graphs of the accumulated ringing count and the accumulated energy are plotted, by observing the graphs, the starting point thereof when a sharp rise occurs is taken as the rising trend starting point.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the taking the rising trend starting point of the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count as the early warning point and the rising trend starting point of the cumulative energy as the rock destruction starting position includes: when the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count curve has a rising trend, the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count curve indicates that the cracks in the rock begin to develop and stably expand, and the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count curve is used as an early warning point for predicting the rock damage; when the acoustic emission cumulative energy curve has a rising trend, the internal cracks of the rocks are shown to be unstably expanded, merged and communicated, and the internal cracks are used as a mark point for predicting the impending rock failure.
As shown in fig. 1, the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count curve always shows a rising trend first, compared to the acoustic emission cumulative energy curve, and the rising trend starting point of the latter is closer to the rock failure point. Therefore, it is more reasonable to combine the two to judge rock failure.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a granite acoustic emission characteristic provided by the present invention.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rock is granite, the stress increases from 0 to 150MPa within 400 seconds, the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count curve trends upward at 310s, and the acoustic emission cumulative energy curve trends upward at 387 s.
As shown in FIG. 2, the X-axis is time and the segment is 0 to 400 seconds. The Y axis is stress and the section is 0 to 180MPa. To the right with respect to the Y-axis are the accumulated ring count and the accumulated energy, respectively, wherein the accumulated ring count has a segment of 0 to 0.18 x 10 7 The section of accumulated energy is 0 to 4 x 10 -9 J. The stress curve is a concave parabola, and the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count curve and the acoustic emission cumulative energy curve are subjected to the early oscillation rise, the middle horizontal stage and the later sharp rise. Wherein the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count rising trend start time is 310s, and the cumulative ringing count is 19094. The cumulative energy rising trend starting time was 387s, and the cumulative energy was 4625617.95.
Fig. 3 shows a basalt acoustic emission characteristic diagram provided by the invention.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rock is basalt, the stress increases from 0 to 180MPa within 400 seconds, the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count curve shows a rising trend at 301s, and the acoustic emission cumulative energy curve shows a rising trend at 340 s.
As shown in FIG. 3, the X-axis is time and the segment is 0 to 400 seconds. The Y axis is stress and the section is 0 to 240MPa. The right side relative to the Y axis is the accumulated ringing count and the accumulated energy, respectively, wherein the section of the accumulated ringing count is 0 to 0.5 x 10 7 The segment of accumulated energy is 0 to 1.2 x 10 -9 J. The stress curve is a concave parabola, and the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count curve and the acoustic emission cumulative energy curve are subjected to early oscillation rise, middle horizontal stage and later sharp rise. Wherein the rising trend start time of the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count is 301s, and the cumulative ringing count is 4911. The cumulative energy rising trend starting time was 340s, and the cumulative energy was 862177.897.
FIG. 4 shows a sandstone acoustic emission characteristic diagram provided by the invention
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the stone is sandstone, the stress increases from 0 to 120MPa within 400 seconds, the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count curve shows a rising trend at 310s, and the acoustic emission cumulative energy curve shows a rising trend at 350 s.
As shown in FIG. 4, the X-axis is time and the segment is 0 to 400 seconds. The Y axis is stress and the section is 0 to 135MPa. The right side relative to the Y axis is the accumulated ringing count and the accumulated energy, respectively, wherein the section of the accumulated ringing count is 0 to 0.45 x 10 7 The segment of accumulated energy is 0 to 0.2 x 10 -9 J. The stress curve is a concave parabola, and the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count curve and the acoustic emission cumulative energy curve are subjected to the early oscillation rise, the middle horizontal stage and the later sharp rise. Wherein the rising trend starting time of the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count is 310s, and the cumulative ringing count is 771. The cumulative energy rising trend starting time was 350s, and the cumulative energy was 85480.3131.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count and the cumulative energy change curve in the whole rock deformation process are divided into three stages, I stage, the rock is in a safe and stable bearing state; in the stage II, the rock still has bearing capacity and is in a relatively safe state between a counting rising point and an energy rising point; stage III, rock destruction is imminent.
The method of the invention can combine the sound emission cumulative ringing count and the sound emission cumulative energy to predict the rock damage. The method comprises the steps of setting a stress change curve, applying stress to the surface of a rock, measuring acoustic emission data through an acoustic emission probe, drawing I into an acoustic emission cumulative ringing count and cumulative energy change curve graph along with time, judging a rising starting point through observing a change rule of the curve, and predicting rock damage in advance by combining the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count and the acoustic emission cumulative energy.
In embodiments of the present invention, the term "plurality" means two or more unless explicitly defined otherwise. The terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly and include, for example, "connected" that may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or units must have a specific direction, be configured in a specific orientation, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.
In the description herein, the appearances of the phrases "one embodiment," "a preferred embodiment," and similar language, throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, all refer to the same embodiment or example. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made to the embodiment by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the embodiments of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method of predicting rock failure, comprising:
applying stress to the rock surface;
measuring acoustic emission data through an acoustic emission probe;
plotting an acoustic emission cumulative ringing count and cumulative energy versus time plot using the acoustic emission data;
determining an upward trend onset point for the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count and the cumulative energy; and
taking the rising trend starting point of the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count as an early warning point, and taking the rising trend starting point of the cumulative energy as a rock destruction starting position;
when the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count curve has a rising trend, the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count curve indicates that cracks in the rock begin to develop and stably expand, and the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count curve is used as an early warning point for predicting rock damage; when the acoustic emission cumulative energy curve has a rising trend, the acoustic emission cumulative energy curve shows that cracks in the rock are unstably expanded, converged and communicated, and the acoustic emission cumulative energy curve is used as a mark point for predicting that the rock is about to be damaged.
2. The method of predicting rock failure of claim 1, wherein applying stress to the rock face comprises: the stress versus time curve is set and applied to the rock surface.
3. The method of predicting rock failure of claim 1, wherein measuring acoustic emission data with an acoustic emission probe comprises: and arranging an acoustic emission probe on the surface of the rock, monitoring acoustic emission data in real time, and storing the data.
4. A method of predicting rock failure as set forth in claim 3 wherein said acoustic emission probe is plural and uniformly disposed on said rock surface.
5. The method of predicting rock failure of claim 1, wherein plotting acoustic emission cumulative ringing counts and cumulative energy versus time using the acoustic emission data comprises: setting an accumulation time period, accumulating data in each time period from the beginning of monitoring to obtain an accumulated ringing count and accumulated energy, and then drawing a change curve graph.
6. The method of predicting rock failure of claim 1, wherein determining the acoustic emission cumulative ring count and the up-trend starting point of cumulative energy comprises: and observing the change curve graph of the cumulative ringing count and the cumulative energy change trend along time, and determining the starting position of the curve ascending trend.
7. The method of predicting rock failure of claim 1, wherein the rock is granite, the stress increases from 0 to 150MPa within 400 seconds, the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count curve trends upward at 310s, and the acoustic emission cumulative energy curve trends upward at 387 s.
8. The method of predicting rock failure of claim 1, wherein the rock is basalt and the stress increases from 0 to 180MPa within 400 seconds, the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count curve trending upward at 301s and the acoustic emission cumulative energy curve trending upward at 340 s.
9. The method of predicting rock failure of claim 1, wherein the rock is sandstone, the stress increases from 0 to 120MPa within 400 seconds, the acoustic emission cumulative ringing count curve trends upward at 310s, and the acoustic emission cumulative energy curve trends upward at 350 s.
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| CN115856092B (en) * | 2023-01-30 | 2023-05-30 | 北京科技大学 | Method for determining rock crack initiation stress based on acoustic emission data and stress data |
| CN116642750B (en) * | 2023-07-24 | 2023-10-20 | 长江三峡集团实业发展(北京)有限公司 | Rock strain localization starting time prediction method, device and equipment |
| CN117589890B (en) * | 2024-01-19 | 2024-03-26 | 四川省自然资源勘察设计集团有限公司 | Rock collapse early warning method and system based on acoustic emission characteristics |
| CN117825520B (en) * | 2024-03-05 | 2024-07-19 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Detection method, device, medium and electronic equipment for detecting object damage |
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