CN114002053A - Freezing and thawing and loading synchronous test device and test method - Google Patents
Freezing and thawing and loading synchronous test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114002053A CN114002053A CN202111300542.7A CN202111300542A CN114002053A CN 114002053 A CN114002053 A CN 114002053A CN 202111300542 A CN202111300542 A CN 202111300542A CN 114002053 A CN114002053 A CN 114002053A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 title claims description 42
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012424 Freeze-thaw process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/60—Investigating resistance of materials, e.g. refractory materials, to rapid heat changes
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rock pattern synchronous freeze-thaw and loading test device and a test method, wherein the test device comprises a freeze-thaw box filled with a rock pattern, a liquid nitrogen container and a spiral hollow resistor, an upper butt joint and a lower butt joint for butt joint with an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head of a pressure tester are arranged on the freeze-thaw box, the upper butt joint and the lower butt joint can act on the rock pattern through the pressure tester, the liquid nitrogen container is connected with a liquid nitrogen conduit for guiding liquid nitrogen into the freeze-thaw box for freezing the rock pattern, and the spiral hollow resistor is wound on the rock pattern and heats the rock pattern through being communicated with a power supply. The test method is to load the rock pattern while freezing or heating the rock pattern. The device and the test method of the invention are utilized to reflect the real working conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of indoor rock mechanical tests, in particular to a freeze thawing and loading synchronous test device and a test method.
Background
The ambient temperature is periodically increased and decreased with day and night alternation and four-season rotation, resulting in periodic increase and decrease of the surface temperature of the crust. Due to the rise and fall of temperature, pore and fissure waters occurring in surface geotechnics, such as artificial slopes, reservoir dams, railways and road tunnels, etc., are constantly subjected to freezing and thawing processes, which are called freeze thawing. The freezing and thawing can directly cause the performance degradation of the rock-soil body, shorten the fatigue life of the rock-soil body and greatly shorten the service period of the rock-soil engineering. Meanwhile, the geotechnical engineering is always in a complex and monotonous loading, unloading or cyclic loading and unloading stress environment due to the influences of structural stress, dead weight stress, earthquake, artificial excavation, blasting and the like. Under actual working conditions, the influence of freezing and thawing and stress loading and unloading on geotechnical engineering is synchronous, which is a coupling process.
At present, the influence of freezing and thawing and stress loading and unloading on geotechnical engineering is researched, and the influence processes of freezing and thawing and stress loading and unloading are completely and independently researched. In the indoor research process, the freeze-thaw test is generally performed firstly, and then the sample subjected to the freeze-thaw treatment is subjected to the loading test. At present, a freeze-thaw test is generally developed indoors by adopting a freeze-thaw test box to simulate the freeze-thaw influence process. Aiming at the problems existing in the freeze-thaw test of the rock-soil material at present, 1) the invention has the patent name: a test system for a non-saturated roadbed soil freeze-thaw cycle model is disclosed in the application number: 202010753774.7, discloses a test system of unsaturated roadbed soil freeze-thaw cycle model, however, the device is a test device aiming at soil mechanics and is not suitable for rock mechanics performance test; 2) the invention has the patent name: a rock freeze-thaw cycle experimental device capable of considering temperature gradient is disclosed in the application number: 202011330989.4, discloses a rock freezing and thawing cycle experimental device which can take temperature gradient into consideration, however, the device can not realize the freezing process by controlling the flow rate and temperature of water flow; 3) the invention has the patent name: a continuous loading device useful for freeze-thaw cycling tests, application No.: 202110451084.0, however, the device realizes load increase and decrease by rotating the screw pressure rod, can only apply constant load, does not realize dynamic complex load application in the process of freeze thawing, and has high requirement on the strength of the mould box; 4) the invention has the patent name: a frozen soil freeze-thaw cycle process simulation device is disclosed in the application number: 202110704879.8, although the invention technology solves the problem that the prior art can not carry out a plurality of simulation experiments at the same time, the device is aimed at soil mechanics freeze-thaw test and does not realize freeze-thaw-load synchronous test; 5) the invention has the patent name: freeze-thaw test system, application No.: 201910364907.9, the test system provides a freeze-thaw test system which adopts a plurality of semiconductor refrigeration devices to accurately control the temperature during the frozen soil test, but does not solve the coupling influence with the load process in the freeze-thaw process; 6) the invention has the patent name: a freeze-thaw cycle experimental device capable of considering water flow influence is disclosed in application number: 201710188807.6, the device can take the effect of water flow into account during the process of melting the material in the water bath in the freeze-thaw cycle experiment, but the device ignores the effect of load and has a larger difference with the actual working condition.
In summary, the prior art cannot realize the application of load to the rock during the freezing and thawing process, or the freezing and thawing process during the application of load. However, in a real environment, the influence of freezing and thawing and loading can generate a coupling effect, stress always exists in the rock-soil body, and the freezing and thawing is the superposition influence on the rock-soil structure in the stress action process. Therefore, the invention provides a device capable of realizing synchronous development of freezing and thawing and loading, researches the coupling influence effect of load and freezing and thawing on rock materials under real working conditions, and makes up the defect that the existing rock test freezing and thawing and loading processes are completely and independently developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a testing device and a testing method for freeze thawing and loading of rock materials synchronously.
The invention provides a rock pattern synchronous freeze thawing and loading test device which comprises a freeze thawing box provided with a rock pattern, a liquid nitrogen container and a spiral hollow resistor, wherein the freeze thawing box is provided with an upper butt joint and a lower butt joint which are used for butt joint with an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head of a pressure tester, the upper butt joint and the lower butt joint can act on the rock pattern through the pressure tester, the liquid nitrogen container is connected with a liquid nitrogen guide pipe for guiding liquid nitrogen into the freeze thawing box for freezing the rock pattern, and the spiral hollow resistor is wound on the rock pattern and heats the rock pattern through being communicated with a power supply.
The liquid nitrogen container is connected with a liquid nitrogen guide pipe which is controlled by a valve.
The freezing and thawing box is connected with an exhaust pipe.
The tail end of the exhaust pipe is provided with a sealing cap for sealing the exhaust pipe.
And the upper butt joint and the lower butt joint of the freeze thawing box are respectively sealed by a sealing ring.
The power supply of spiral cavity resistance intercommunication includes ac contactor, digital display intelligence temperature regulation appearance, high temperature thermocouple sensor, and ac contactor power output end and spiral cavity resistance are connected, and digital display intelligence temperature regulation appearance is connected with ac contactor's power input end, and the high temperature thermocouple sensor is connected with digital display intelligence temperature regulation appearance for the temperature that generates heat of control and regulation spiral cavity resistance.
The method for testing by using the device comprises the following steps:
step one, performing a water saturation test on a rock sample;
step two, the device is arranged on a rock mechanical pressure testing machine, and a lower butt joint 11 and an upper butt joint 12 are respectively aligned with an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head of the rock mechanical pressure testing machine in the installation process;
step three, sleeving the standard rock sample subjected to water saturation treatment in the step one into the spiral hollow resistor 2, then installing the spiral hollow resistor with the standard rock sample inside between the lower butt joint 11 and the upper butt joint 12 of the freeze-thaw box, and aligning the axial direction of the standard rock sample with the axial lines of the lower butt joint 11 and the upper butt joint 12 and the axial lines of the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head of the rock pressure testing machine;
opening an air pressure valve 34, opening a sealing cap 33, removing air in the spiral hollow resistor by using liquid nitrogen, then covering the sealing cap to seal the freeze thawing box 1, and beginning to freeze the water-saturated rock sample;
step five, after the water-saturated rock sample freezing test reaches a preset test target according to a rock mechanical test, closing the air pressure valve, and discharging liquid nitrogen in the spiral hollow resistor;
step six, switching on a heating circuit, performing a heating test on the standard cylindrical sample subjected to the freezing test, and directly setting the heating temperature through a digital display intelligent temperature regulator 22;
step seven, the rock pressure testing machine can be simultaneously opened in the process of freezing and heating the standard cylindrical sample, a loading mode and a loading path are set according to a preset test scheme, and the rock sample in the freeze-thaw test is synchronously loaded;
and step eight, after the freeze-thaw-loading test is finished, processing and analyzing the test data, and researching the coupling influence effect of the freeze-thaw-loading on the rock sample.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
by arranging the freezing control system and the heating control system and simultaneously matching with a rock loading test system, the freeze thawing-loading coupling synchronous test can be realized, the test of the rock sample under dynamic complex stress can be realized under complex environments of different temperature gradient changes, different freeze thawing times, different freeze thawing duration and the like, the conventional freeze thawing test can also be independently developed, and the test device is a test device which can better reflect real working conditions than the freeze thawing test developed in the prior art.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
the freezing and thawing box comprises a freezing and thawing box 1, a lower butt joint 11, an upper butt joint 12, a lower sealing ring 13 and an upper sealing ring 14;
the device comprises a spiral hollow resistor 2, an alternating current contactor 21, a digital display intelligent temperature regulator 22 and a high-temperature thermocouple temperature sensor 23;
a liquid nitrogen container 3, a liquid nitrogen guide pipe 31, an exhaust pipe 32, a sealing cap 33 and an air pressure valve 34;
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The freeze thawing-loading synchronous test device and the test scheme provided by the invention are described in detail in the following by combining the attached drawings.
The detailed structure of the device can be seen from fig. 1, and the device mainly comprises a freezing and thawing box 1, a spiral hollow resistor 2 and a controllable power supply thereof, a liquid nitrogen container 3 and a conduit thereof and an air pressure valve. Wherein:
the freezing and thawing box 1 is provided with a lower butt joint 11 and an upper butt joint 12 which are respectively sealed by a lower sealing ring 13 and an upper sealing ring 14. The rock pattern 4 in the freezing and thawing box 1, the rock pattern 4 should be aligned with the lower and upper abutment 11, 12, and the load test device will transmit pressure to the rock pattern 4 through the lower and upper abutment 11, 12 when applying pressure to the rock pattern 4, so that the lower and upper abutment 11, 12 should also be aligned with the lower and upper indenter of the load test device, respectively.
The spiral hollow resistor 2 is spirally sleeved on the rock pattern 4 to heat the rock pattern 4. The spiral hollow resistor 2 is connected with a controllable power supply through a wire, and the controllable power supply mainly comprises an alternating current contactor 21, a digital display intelligent temperature regulator 22 and a high-temperature thermocouple temperature sensor 23. The digital display intelligent temperature regulator 22 is connected with the power input end of the alternating current contactor 21 and used for regulating input voltage, the high-temperature thermocouple temperature sensor 23 is connected to the digital display intelligent temperature regulator 22, the power output end of the alternating current contactor 21 is connected with the spiral hollow resistor 2, and the input power supply of the spiral hollow resistor 2 is controlled.
The liquid nitrogen container 3 is connected with a liquid nitrogen conduit 31 which inputs liquid nitrogen into the freezing and thawing box 1 to freeze the rock patterns 4, the liquid nitrogen conduit is controlled by an air pressure valve 34, the freezing and thawing box 1 is also provided with an exhaust pipe 32 which can timely remove condensed steam in the freezing and thawing box 1 if necessary, and the tail part of the exhaust pipe 32 is provided with a sealing cap 33.
The specific experimental method comprises the following steps:
step one, according to the international rock mechanical test standard suggestion, the adopted rock sample size is
According to the standard cylindrical rock sample, performing a water saturation test on the standard cylindrical rock sample according to a test scheme, and recommending the water saturation time to be 48h according to the international rock mechanics test specification;
step two, the device is arranged on a rock mechanical pressure testing machine, and a lower butt joint 11 and an upper butt joint 12 are respectively aligned with an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head of the rock mechanical pressure testing machine in the installation process;
sleeving a standard rock sample subjected to water saturation treatment in advance into the spiral hollow resistor 2, then installing the spiral hollow resistor with the standard rock sample inside between an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head inside the freeze-thaw box, and aligning the axial direction of the standard rock sample with the axial lines of the lower butt joint 11 and the upper butt joint 12 and the axial lines of the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head of the rock pressure testing machine;
opening an air pressure valve 34, opening a sealing cap 33, removing air in the spiral hollow resistor by using liquid nitrogen, then covering the sealing cap to seal the freeze-thaw box 1, and starting freezing the water-saturated rock sample, wherein the freezing times, time and temperature can be specifically adjusted according to the rock mechanics test scheme;
step five, after the freezing test of the water-saturated rock sample is carried out to a preset test target according to the rock mechanics test scheme, closing the air pressure valve, and discharging liquid nitrogen in the spiral hollow resistor;
step six, switching on a heating circuit, performing a heating test on the standard cylindrical sample subjected to the freezing test, wherein the heating times, time and temperature can be adjusted more specifically according to the rock mechanics test scheme, and the heating temperature can be directly set through a digital display intelligent temperature regulator 22;
step seven, the rock pressure testing machine can be simultaneously opened in the process of freezing and heating the standard cylindrical sample, a loading mode and a loading path are set according to a preset test scheme, and the cylindrical sample in the freeze-thaw test is synchronously loaded;
step eight, after the freeze-thaw-loading test is finished, arranging test equipment and articles, cleaning the field sanitation of the test, processing and analyzing test data, and researching the coupling influence effect of the freeze-thaw-loading on the rock sample.
Claims (7)
1. The device is characterized by comprising a freeze-thaw box filled with a rock pattern, a liquid nitrogen container and a spiral hollow resistor, wherein the freeze-thaw box is provided with an upper butt joint and a lower butt joint which are used for butt joint with an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head of a pressure tester, the upper butt joint and the lower butt joint can act on the rock pattern through the pressure tester, the liquid nitrogen container is connected with a liquid nitrogen guide pipe for guiding liquid nitrogen into the freeze-thaw box for freezing the rock pattern, and the spiral hollow resistor is wound on the rock pattern and heats the rock pattern through being communicated with a power supply.
2. The apparatus for simultaneous freeze-thaw and load testing of a rock pattern according to claim 1, wherein the liquid nitrogen container is connected to a liquid nitrogen conduit controlled by a valve.
3. The apparatus for simultaneous freeze-thaw and loading testing of a rock pattern according to claim 2, wherein the freeze-thaw box is connected to an exhaust pipe.
4. The apparatus for simultaneous freeze and thaw and load testing of a rock pattern according to claim 3, wherein the end of the vent tube has a sealing cap for sealing the vent tube.
5. The apparatus for simultaneous freeze thawing and loading testing of rock patterns according to claim 1, wherein the upper and lower joints of the freeze thawing box are sealed with sealing rings.
6. The device for synchronously freezing and thawing and loading test of rock patterns according to claim 1, wherein the power supply communicated with the spiral hollow resistor comprises an AC contactor, a digital intelligent temperature regulator and a high-temperature thermocouple sensor, the power output end of the AC contactor is connected with the spiral hollow resistor, the digital intelligent temperature regulator is connected with the power input end of the AC contactor, and the high-temperature thermocouple sensor is connected with the digital intelligent temperature regulator and is used for monitoring and regulating the heating temperature of the spiral hollow resistor.
7. A method of testing the simultaneous freeze thaw and load test apparatus of the rock pattern of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step one, performing a water saturation test on a rock sample;
step two, the device is arranged on a rock mechanical pressure testing machine, and a lower butt joint 11 and an upper butt joint 12 are respectively aligned with an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head of the rock mechanical pressure testing machine in the installation process;
step three, sleeving the standard rock sample subjected to water saturation treatment in the step one into the spiral hollow resistor 2, then installing the spiral hollow resistor with the standard rock sample inside between the lower butt joint 11 and the upper butt joint 12 of the freeze-thaw box, and aligning the axial direction of the standard rock sample with the axial lines of the lower butt joint 11 and the upper butt joint 12 and the axial lines of the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head of the rock pressure testing machine;
opening an air pressure valve 34, opening a sealing cap 33, removing air in the spiral hollow resistor by using liquid nitrogen, then covering the sealing cap to seal the freeze thawing box 1, and beginning to freeze the water-saturated rock sample;
step five, after the water-saturated rock sample freezing test reaches a preset test target according to a rock mechanical test, closing the air pressure valve, and discharging liquid nitrogen in the spiral hollow resistor;
step six, switching on a heating circuit, performing a heating test on the standard cylindrical sample subjected to the freezing test, and directly setting the heating temperature through a digital display intelligent temperature regulator 22;
step seven, the rock pressure testing machine can be simultaneously opened in the process of freezing and heating the standard cylindrical sample, a loading mode and a loading path are set according to a preset test scheme, and the rock sample in the freeze-thaw test is synchronously loaded;
and step eight, after the freeze-thaw-loading test is finished, processing and analyzing the test data, and researching the coupling influence effect of the freeze-thaw-loading on the rock sample.
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Cited By (1)
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115876975A (en) * | 2022-11-23 | 2023-03-31 | 山东大学 | Liquid nitrogen cooling physical simulation test device and method for high-temperature water-rich tunnel |
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