CN114000013A - Self-lubricating aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Self-lubricating aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0005—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with at least one oxide and at least one of carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of metal part additive manufacturing, and relates to a self-lubricating aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof. Aiming at the requirement of a material for a supporting sealing ring for an aircraft power device, the aluminum-based composite material is prepared by using a laser direct deposition method, and graphite, lanthanum oxide and lamellar boron nitride powder are added into an aluminum-based alloy, so that the improved aluminum-based composite material has excellent mechanical property and stable friction coefficient, and the abrasive dust has a certain self-lubricating effect; the improved aluminum-based composite material can effectively prevent the rotor from being worn, and the gap between the rotor and the sealing ring can be controlled to be smaller. The aluminum-based composite material designed by the invention and the supporting sealing ring prepared by the additive manufacturing method have the advantages that the sealing effect and the service life can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal part additive manufacturing, and relates to a self-lubricating aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Aluminum alloys remain the most dominant airframe structural material in modern aircraft. The amount of the aluminum alloy material in service at present is more than 60 percent of the weight of the machine body structure on average.
A helicopter power device introduced abroad improves the front temperature of a turbine and the rotating speed of the turbine in various power states, mainly improves the turbine part of the gas compressor, and an inner supporting sealing ring of a primary guider of the helicopter is matched with a grate tooth on a turbine rotor shaft of the gas compressor to carry out air sealing. However, the sealing structure is worn after being used for a period of time, the sealing effect is deteriorated due to abrasive dust and large size clearance, and corresponding rotor parts are also worn and need to be repaired or parts need to be replaced. The part is an unknown aluminum-based composite material added with ceramic particles, contains ceramic components, and is difficult to repair parts by a welding mode of fusion welding or brazing due to poor ceramic/metal interface bonding property. Meanwhile, the material has larger brittleness and poor mechanical cutting performance, and at present, no method for directly processing and forming parts by using the material blank is available in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the self-lubricating aluminum-based composite material and the preparation method thereof are provided for preparing a metal sealing structural member with self-lubricating effect, and the performance of the metal sealing structural member meets the following requirements: the bending breaking load at room temperature is more than 100N, and the friction coefficient is less than 0.4.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
on the one hand, the self-lubricating aluminum-based composite material is provided, a composite material matrix is aluminum-based alloy, a reinforcing phase is graphite, lanthanum oxide and lamellar boron nitride powder, the volume of the reinforcing phase accounts for 10% -20% of the total volume of the composite material, the volume ratio of the graphite, the lanthanum oxide and the lamellar boron nitride is 1-2.5: 10, the volume of the lanthanum oxide accounts for 0.2% -0.8% of the total volume of the composite material, and the size of the reinforcing phase in the composite material is 0.05-30 mu m.
Furthermore, the volume of the reinforcing phase accounts for 12-15% of the total volume of the composite material, the ratio of the graphite to the lanthanum oxide to the boron nitride is 1.5:10 by volume, and the size of the reinforcing phase in the composite material is 0.5-1 μm.
In another alternative scheme, the volume of the reinforcing phase accounts for 12-15% of the total volume of the composite material, the volume ratio of the graphite to the lanthanum oxide to the boron nitride is 2.0:10, and the size of the reinforcing phase in the composite material is 1-10 μm.
In another alternative scheme, the volume of the reinforcing phase accounts for 15% -18% of the total volume of the composite material, the volume ratio of the graphite to the lanthanum oxide to the boron nitride is 1.5:8, and the size of the reinforcing phase in the composite material is 0.5-1 μm.
In another alternative scheme, the volume of the reinforcing phase accounts for 15-18% of the total volume of the composite material, the volume ratio of the graphite to the lanthanum oxide to the boron nitride is 2.0:8, and the size of the reinforcing phase in the composite material is 1-10 μm.
The aluminum-based alloy powder comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si: 9.00-10.00%, Mg: 0.1-0.5%, O: 0.02 to 0.12%, Fe: 0-0.35%, aluminum: and (4) the balance.
On the other hand, a method for preparing the self-lubricating aluminum-based composite material of claim 1 is provided, the self-lubricating aluminum-based composite material is prepared on an aluminum alloy plate by adopting a laser direct deposition technology, the chemical composition of the aluminum-based alloy substrate is consistent with that of aluminum-based alloy powder, and the powder is fed in a double-channel or single-channel mode;
the laser additive manufacturing process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1600W-2800W, the scanning speed is 300 mm/min-600 mm/min, the spot diameter is 1.0 mm-2.5 mm, and the protective gas flow is 10L/min-30L/min.
The double-channel mode specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of pre-mixing graphite, lanthanum oxide and boron nitride ceramic powder uniformly according to a designed component proportion, respectively loading mixed enhanced phase powder and aluminum-based alloy powder into a dual-channel powder feeding device in laser additive manufacturing equipment, enabling the volume ratio of an enhanced phase in the composite material obtained by additive manufacturing to meet requirements by adjusting the powder feeding amount of each channel in the dual-channel powder feeding device of the laser additive manufacturing equipment and the flow rate of a powder carrier, enabling the powder feeding amount of a powder feeding channel where the ceramic powder is located to be 1400-3000 rpm and the flow rate of the powder carrier to be 4-7L/min, enabling the powder feeding amount of a powder feeding channel where the aluminum-based alloy powder is located to be 2200-3200 rpm and the flow rate of the powder carrier to be 6-9L/min.
The single channel mode specifically comprises:
according to the volume fraction and the mutual proportion of the reinforcing phase in the designed composite material, the graphite, lanthanum oxide, boron nitride ceramic powder and aluminum-based alloy powder are mixed in advance according to the proportion, then the uniformly mixed powder is subjected to single-channel powder feeding, the powder feeding amount is 1400-3200 rpm, and the flow rate of a powder carrier is 5-9L/min.
The granularity of the adopted boron nitride powder is 0.05-10 mu m, the size of the graphite is 5-30 mu m, the size of the lanthanum oxide is 2-7 mu m, and the granularity of the aluminum-based alloy powder is 45-106 mu m.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
aiming at the performance requirements of the sealing ring material, the aluminum-based composite material sealing ring is prepared by using a laser direct deposition method, and graphite, lanthanum oxide and lamellar boron nitride powder are added, so that the improved aluminum-based composite material sealing ring has excellent mechanical property and lower and stable friction coefficient, and the abrasive dust has a certain self-lubricating effect; the improved aluminum-based composite material sealing ring can effectively prevent the rotor from being worn, the gap between the rotor and the sealing ring can be controlled to be smaller, and the sealing effect and the service life can be improved.
In the process of designing the components of the composite material, the total volume fraction of graphite, lanthanum oxide and boron nitride in the composite material and the proportion of the graphite, the lanthanum oxide and the boron nitride in the composite material are key points, firstly, the total volume fraction of a ceramic phase is required to be ensured to be between 10% and 20% and less than 10%, the enhancement effect is not obvious and more than 20%, the ceramic phase is too much, the formability of the material is reduced, an integral part cannot be formed, and meanwhile, the mechanical property of the material is also rapidly reduced. Meanwhile, the volume ratio of the graphite to the lanthanum oxide to the lamellar boron nitride is 1-2.5: 10. Although lamellar boron nitride has a good lubricating effect and can act to reduce the coefficient of friction, it has a high hardness. If the hardness of the composite material is too high, the composite material can damage grinding parts as a sealing structure, and in order to properly reduce the hardness of the composite material, a certain amount of graphite is added. In addition, the addition of lanthanum oxide is a key point in the design scheme, so that the friction coefficient can be reduced and is very stable, and the important performance of bending and breaking load at room temperature can be effectively improved, wherein the volume of lanthanum oxide is 0.2-0.8% of the total volume of the composite material, and the volume ratio of graphite, lanthanum oxide and lamellar boron nitride is preferably 1-2.5: 10. Meanwhile, theoretical analysis and experimental verification prove that the size of the reinforcing phase in the composite material is 0.05-30 μm, so that the optimal reinforcing effect can be achieved.
The particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite prepared by adopting the laser direct deposition additive manufacturing technology has the following advantages: (1) the reinforcing phase is uniformly distributed. The principle of additive manufacturing is that the particles of the reinforcing phase are overlapped layer by layer, and uniform and consistent distribution of the particles of the reinforcing phase in each layer can be ensured, so that the uniformity of the reinforcing phase in the integral component is ensured. (2) The problem of ceramic/metal wettability is solved, and the interface reaction is controllable. The laser beam has extremely high energy, the instantaneous temperature can reach more than 3000 ℃ in the material manufacturing process, the surface of the ceramic particle can be rapidly melted and reacts with a metal matrix to generate a stable metallurgical bonding interface, and gas, impurities and the like adsorbed on the surface of the ceramic particle can be rapidly decomposed or removed at high temperature without any pretreatment on the surface of the ceramic particle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the coefficient of friction of the seal of this embodiment.
Detailed Description
In the following description, well-known structures and techniques are not shown to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention. The process of the invention is described below with reference to specific examples:
(1) the laser additive manufacturing equipment is provided with 6000W fiber laser, a five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool and a double-channel synchronous powder feeding device.
(2) According to the design scheme of the composite material, the adopted matrix alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si: 9.00-10.00%, Mg: 0.1-0.5%, O: 0.02 to 0.12%, Fe: 0-0.35%, aluminum: and (4) the balance. The particle size of the powder is 45-106 μm, the particle size of the adopted boron nitride ceramic powder is 1-3 μm, the size of graphite is about 10 μm, and the size of lanthanum oxide is 2-5 μm; determining that the total volume fraction of the added graphite, lanthanum oxide and lamellar boron nitride ceramic is 13%, the volume ratio of the graphite, the lanthanum oxide and the lamellar boron nitride is 1.5:10, and the volume of the lanthanum oxide accounts for 0.3% of the total volume of the composite material.
(3) And fully mixing the aluminum alloy powder and the reinforcing phase powder according to the volume fraction ratio, and carrying out single-channel powder feeding on the mixed powder after uniformly mixing.
(2) An aluminum alloy plate was used as a substrate, and a laser additive manufacturing experiment was performed. The adopted preparation process parameters are as follows: the powder feeding amount is 2500rpm, the powder carrier flow is 5L/min, the laser power is 2100W, the scanning speed is 550mm/min, the spot diameter is 1.0mm, and the protective gas flow is 25L/min.
By adopting the steps, the self-lubricating aluminum-based composite material can be successfully prepared. In the composite material, the reinforcing phase is uniformly and uniformly distributed in the aluminum-based alloy matrix, a good metallurgical bonding interface is formed by the reaction between the reinforcing phase and the metal matrix, and the size range of the reinforcing phase is 0.5-1 mu m. The test result shows that the composite material has a low friction coefficient (as shown in figure 1: the friction coefficient is 0.3 and is very stable) and excellent mechanical properties (the room temperature bending pressure breaking load reaches 380N), and meanwhile, the abrasive dust also has a self-lubricating effect.
The aluminum-based composite material designed by the invention and the supporting sealing ring prepared by the additive manufacturing method have the advantages that the sealing effect and the service life can be improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A self-lubricating aluminum matrix composite material is characterized in that: the matrix of the composite material is aluminum-based alloy, the reinforcing phase is graphite, lanthanum oxide and lamellar boron nitride powder, the volume of the reinforcing phase accounts for 10-20% of the total volume of the composite material, the volume ratio of the graphite to the lanthanum oxide to the lamellar boron nitride is 1-2.5: 10, the volume of the lanthanum oxide accounts for 0.2-0.8% of the total volume of the composite material, and the size of the reinforcing phase in the composite material is 0.05-30 mu m.
2. Self-lubricating aluminium-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the volume of the reinforcing phase accounts for 12-15% of the total volume of the composite material, the ratio of the graphite to the lanthanum oxide to the boron nitride is 1.5:10, and the size of the reinforcing phase in the composite material is 0.5-1 mu m.
3. Self-lubricating aluminium-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the volume of the reinforcing phase accounts for 12-15% of the total volume of the composite material, the proportion of the graphite, the lanthanum oxide and the boron nitride is 2.0:10 by volume, and the size of the reinforcing phase in the composite material is 1-10 mu m.
4. Self-lubricating aluminium-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the volume of the reinforcing phase accounts for 15-18% of the total volume of the composite material, the ratio of the graphite to the lanthanum oxide to the boron nitride is 1.5:8, and the size of the reinforcing phase in the composite material is 0.5-1 mu m.
5. Self-lubricating aluminium-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the volume of the reinforcing phase accounts for 15-18% of the total volume of the composite material, the proportion of the graphite, the lanthanum oxide and the boron nitride is 2.0:8 in volume ratio, and the size of the reinforcing phase in the composite material is 1-10 mu m.
6. Self-lubricating aluminium-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the aluminum-based alloy powder comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si: 9.00-10.00%, Mg: 0.1-0.5%, O: 0.02 to 0.12%, Fe: 0-0.35%, aluminum: and (4) the balance.
7. A method for preparing the self-lubricating aluminum matrix composite of claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method adopts the laser direct deposition technology to prepare the aluminum alloy substrate, the chemical components of the aluminum base alloy substrate are consistent with those of the aluminum base alloy powder, and the powder is fed in a double-channel or single-channel mode;
the laser additive manufacturing process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1600W-2800W, the scanning speed is 300 mm/min-600 mm/min, the spot diameter is 1.0 mm-2.5 mm, and the protective gas flow is 10L/min-30L/min.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein: the double-channel mode specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of pre-mixing graphite, lanthanum oxide and boron nitride ceramic powder uniformly according to a designed component proportion, respectively loading mixed enhanced phase powder and aluminum-based alloy powder into a dual-channel powder feeding device in laser additive manufacturing equipment, enabling the volume ratio of an enhanced phase in the composite material obtained by additive manufacturing to meet requirements by adjusting the powder feeding amount of each channel in the dual-channel powder feeding device of the laser additive manufacturing equipment and the flow rate of a powder carrier, enabling the powder feeding amount of a powder feeding channel where the ceramic powder is located to be 1400-3000 rpm and the flow rate of the powder carrier to be 4-7L/min, enabling the powder feeding amount of a powder feeding channel where the aluminum-based alloy powder is located to be 2200-3200 rpm and the flow rate of the powder carrier to be 6-9L/min.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein: the single channel mode specifically comprises:
according to the volume fraction and the mutual proportion of the reinforcing phase in the designed composite material, the graphite, lanthanum oxide, boron nitride ceramic powder and aluminum-based alloy powder are mixed in advance according to the proportion, then the uniformly mixed powder is subjected to single-channel powder feeding, the powder feeding amount is 1400-3200 rpm, and the flow rate of a powder carrier is 5-9L/min.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein: the granularity of the adopted boron nitride powder is 0.05-10 mu m, the size of the graphite is 5-30 mu m, the size of the lanthanum oxide is 2-7 mu m, and the granularity of the aluminum-based alloy powder is 45-106 mu m.
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| JPH01104730A (en) * | 1987-10-16 | 1989-04-21 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Manufacture of aluminum-type powder forged alloy |
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| CN107058808A (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-08-18 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | A kind of aluminium alloy base solid lubricating composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN114000002A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2022-02-01 | 淮阴工学院 | Self-lubricating nickel-based alloy and forming method thereof |
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- 2021-10-15 CN CN202111207469.9A patent/CN114000013B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5941432A (en) * | 1982-08-30 | 1984-03-07 | Mitsubishi Metal Corp | Sintered al alloy useful as sliding member |
| JPH01104730A (en) * | 1987-10-16 | 1989-04-21 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Manufacture of aluminum-type powder forged alloy |
| CN101880798A (en) * | 2010-06-09 | 2010-11-10 | 无锡爱斯特陶瓷复合材料有限公司 | Aluminium-based titanium carbide ceramic self-lubricating wear-resistant material |
| CN104858423A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-08-26 | 西安奥奈特固体润滑工程学研究有限公司 | Composite solid self-lubricating alloy powder for scraping plate machine chute and preparing method thereof |
| CN107058808A (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-08-18 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | A kind of aluminium alloy base solid lubricating composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN114000002A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2022-02-01 | 淮阴工学院 | Self-lubricating nickel-based alloy and forming method thereof |
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