CN113999985B - Full thermal state copper matte converting heat balance control method - Google Patents
Full thermal state copper matte converting heat balance control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113999985B CN113999985B CN202210000517.5A CN202210000517A CN113999985B CN 113999985 B CN113999985 B CN 113999985B CN 202210000517 A CN202210000517 A CN 202210000517A CN 113999985 B CN113999985 B CN 113999985B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of full-thermal state smelting copper, and particularly relates to a full-thermal state copper matte converting heat balance control method, which comprises the following steps: in the converting process, carrying out oxygen feeding converting operation on raw material hot matte in a bottom blowing furnace through an oxygen blowing mechanism to obtain crude copper and furnace slag; the oxygen blowing mechanism comprises an inner pipeline and an outer pipeline, wherein the inner pipeline is used for ventilating respectively, the outer pipeline is arranged along the outer circumferential direction of the inner pipeline, compressed air and oxygen are introduced into the inner pipeline, and nitrogen A is introduced into the outer pipeline; further comprising: introducing nitrogen B into the inner pipeline; wherein the grade of the raw material hot matte is controlled to be 72-76%. According to the invention, by controlling the grade of hot matte and introducing nitrogen B into the inner pipeline, the heat generation and heat dissipation can be in a balanced state, and the furnace is controlled not to be overheated, so that stable production is realized, and the grade of the obtained blister copper is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of continuous copper smelting, and particularly relates to a full thermal state copper matte converting heat balance control method.
Background
At present, in the field of copper smelting, a bottom blowing furnace still has more problems in the use process, for example, the oxygen concentration control of the air supply of the bottom blowing furnace is higher, and the overheating phenomenon exists in the furnace. Wherein, among the matte converting process, slagging reaction, copper making reaction are respectively:
2FeS+3O2+SiO2=2FeO·SiO2+2SO2
Cu2S+O2=2Cu+SO2。
in the above reaction, each kilogram of FeS can release about 5853kJ of heat, and each kilogram of Cu2The generated metal copper of S can release about 456kJ heat, namely the blowing of the copper matte is a self-heating process, the heat released by chemical reaction can not only meet the requirements of the blowing process, but also be excessive, and the reason is that cold materials are added in the blowing process to control the temperature in the furnace.
Converter converting can centralized processing residual pole etc. cold burden, guarantees the furnace temperature balance, and bottom blowing converting furnace is also the same, and the difference is in the continuous converting process of full hot state, and hot matte flows into the bottom blowing furnace in succession, has continuous heat input, especially under the condition that the hot matte of entering the stove accounts for than higher, must take appropriate means to guarantee furnace heat balance. In addition, the oxygen concentration of the current bottom blowing continuous converting process is controlled to be over 30 percent, and partial smelting enterprises even reach over 50 percent. For the full thermal state production, in order to ensure that the hot copper matte produced by the smelting furnace can be processed in time, enough oxygen needs to be fed into the furnace, so that the total oxygen concentration of three gases is higher, (oxygen concentration = (oxygen amount + compressed air amount 21%)/(oxygen amount + compressed air amount + nitrogen amount)). Therefore, for full thermal state production, the oxygen concentration is high, the hot copper matte ratio is large, and the heat balance is difficult to control; if directly reduce oxygen concentration, then can lead to going into stove total oxygen volume and reduce, can't carry out better matching with the smelting furnace output matte volume, this also becomes one of its reason that can't accomplish full hot blowing, and thermal balance can't guarantee, and the refractory life-span is short.
At present, the domestic continuous copper smelting process adopts cold and hot state mixed production (70% of hot matte and 30% of cold matte). When the hot copper matte is treated, the copper matte needs to be discharged periodically in the smelting process, is crushed (with the granularity of 5-30 mm) after being slowly cooled, and then is mixed with certain quartz stone and coal, and the mixture returns to the bottom blowing furnace for mixing and adding through material transportation. The cold-hot mixed production mode avoids the metering error of the hot copper matte to a certain extent, the higher the proportion of the cold copper matte, the more accurate the estimation of the total charging amount of the copper matte and the more accurate the terminal point judgment, but the processes of slow cooling, crushing, transportation and the like of the hot copper matte not only increase the labor intensity and the production running cost, but also waste a large amount of heat energy.
In a word, for the blowing production of the full thermal state copper matte, the total oxygen concentration is high, the hot matte proportion is large, the heat balance is difficult to control, the heat balance cannot be ensured, and the service life of the refractory material is short.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that the full thermal state copper matte converting method in the prior art cannot realize heat balance control and cannot realize stable production, and provides the full thermal state copper matte converting heat balance control method.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a full thermal state copper matte converting heat balance control method, which comprises the following steps: in the converting process, carrying out oxygen feeding converting operation on raw material hot matte in a bottom blowing furnace through an oxygen blowing mechanism to obtain crude copper and furnace slag; the oxygen blowing mechanism comprises an inner pipeline and an outer pipeline, wherein the inner pipeline is used for ventilating respectively, the outer pipeline is arranged along the outer circumferential direction of the inner pipeline, compressed air and oxygen are introduced into the inner pipeline, and nitrogen A is introduced into the outer pipeline; further comprising: introducing nitrogen B into the inner pipeline; wherein the grade of the raw material hot matte is controlled to be 72-76%.
Preferably, the flow rate and time of the nitrogen gas B are controlled so that the blister copper layer temperature is not higher than 1240 ℃, preferably 1215-1230 ℃, and the slag layer temperature is not higher than 1220 ℃.
Preferably, the nitrogen gas B is introduced in a manner that: firstly, mixing and conveying the nitrogen B and the compressed air, and then mixing and conveying the nitrogen B and the compressed air and the oxygen.
Preferably, the flow ratio of the initial aeration flow rate of the nitrogen B to the total aeration flow rate of the compressed air and the oxygen is 0 to 0.15: 1, preferably 0.05 to 0.13: 1; and in the subsequent blowing process,
when the blister copper and the slag are not layered or the temperature of the slag is not higher than 1200 ℃, controlling the flow of the nitrogen B to be reduced to 0-0.5 time of the initial flow;
when the blister copper and the slag are layered, or the temperature of the slag layer is higher than 1220 ℃ and the temperature of the blister copper layer is higher than 1240 ℃, controlling the inlet flow rate of the nitrogen B to be increased to be 1-2 times of the initial inlet flow rate.
Preferably, the nitrogen B is introduced at a flow rate of 0 to 2500Nm3The inlet flow rate of the compressed air is 9500-11500Nm3The introduction flow rate of the oxygen is 1000-2300 Nm-3/h；
And/or the flow rate of the nitrogen A is 1500-2500Nm3/h；
And/or the pressure of the compressed air is 0.85-1.15 MPa.
Preferably, the method further comprises: and adding cold charge to match with the introduction of nitrogen B, so as to meet the required temperature of the blister copper layer and the slag layer.
Preferably, when the temperature of the slag layer is increased to be higher than 1230 ℃ and the temperature of the blister copper layer is increased to be higher than 1245 ℃, cold burden is added into the bottom blowing furnace; more preferably, the cold charge is at least one of anode scrap, anode scrap plate, copper scrap strip and blister copper.
Preferably, when the temperature of the slag layer is increased to be over 1235 ℃ and the temperature of the blister copper layer is increased to be over 1245 ℃, the grade of the raw material hot matte is controlled to be increased by 0.5-1.5%.
Preferably, the total oxygen concentration of the total feed gas to the converting means is less than 30%, more preferably 25-28% by volume.
Preferably, a plurality of oxygen blowing mechanisms are distributed at the bottom of the bottom blowing furnace, one oxygen blowing mechanism is arranged at a feed opening at the bottom of the furnace opening of the bottom blowing furnace, and the rest oxygen blowing mechanisms form an included angle of 15-22 degrees with the vertical direction.
Preferably, the air supply lines of the plurality of oxygen blowing mechanisms are controlled individually.
Preferably, the number of the oxygen blowing mechanisms for feeding oxygen is 5 to 11.
Preferably, the oxygen blowing mechanism is a blowing oxygen lance.
Preferably, in the oxygen blowing mechanism, the area ratio of the total ventilation section of the inner pipe to the total ventilation section of the outer pipe in the circumferential direction thereof is 1:0.1-0.4, preferably 1: 0.19-0.32.
Preferably, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the vent of the single inner conduit to the single outer conduit is 1:0.04-0.25, preferably 1: 0.04-0.18.
According to the specific heat balance control method, particularly, the grade of the hot matte is controlled, and the nitrogen B is introduced into the inner pipeline in a matched manner, so that the heat generation and the heat dissipation are in a balanced state, the furnace is controlled not to be overheated, the stable production is realized, and the grade of the obtained blister copper is ensured. Wherein, nitrogen gas B's the letting in can reduce the stove and send the gas oxygen thick, and the reduction of oxygen thick makes more nitrogen gas pass through the flue gas and takes bigger heat to a large amount of heats in the continuous converting of hot matte of discharge, it is overheated not in the control stove, guaranteed simultaneously that sufficient oxygen lets in with the mode of low oxygen thick (total oxygen is concentrated below 30%), thereby guarantee bottom blowing stove internal heat balance, make blister copper layer temperature and slag layer temperature in suitable scope.
The invention is especially suitable for the continuous converting process of the full thermal state copper matte, because the hot matte continuously flows into the bottom blowing furnace, the continuous heat input is provided, especially under the condition that the ratio of the hot matte entering the furnace is higher, the internal heat balance of the bottom blowing furnace can be effectively controlled, thereby realizing the stable production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a picture showing the separation of molten slag and copper on a measuring rod in the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the layering of the molten slag layer and the blister copper layer on the dipstick rod in the example of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the air supply duct of the oxygen blowing mechanism of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1-inner pipe, 2-outer pipe, 101-center pipe, 102-middle pipe.
Detailed Description
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
In the present invention, the grade of the material is by mass. The oxygen concentration is by volume.
As described above, the present invention provides a full thermal state copper matte converting heat balance control method, which comprises: in the converting process, carrying out oxygen feeding converting operation on raw material hot matte in a bottom blowing furnace through an oxygen blowing mechanism to obtain crude copper and furnace slag; the oxygen blowing mechanism comprises an inner pipeline and an outer pipeline, wherein the inner pipeline is used for ventilating respectively, the outer pipeline is arranged along the outer circumferential direction of the inner pipeline, compressed air and oxygen are introduced into the inner pipeline, and nitrogen A is introduced into the outer pipeline; further comprising: introducing nitrogen B into the inner pipeline; wherein the grade of the raw material hot matte is controlled to be 72-76%.
According to the thermal balance control method, the grade of the hot matte raw material is particularly controlled, nitrogen B is introduced into an inner pipeline in a matching manner, the thermal balance in the furnace can be controlled, and the coordination of the side-blown smelting furnace (the hot matte raw material output by the side-blown smelting furnace) and the bottom-blown furnace is optimal; thereby realizing stable production and simultaneously ensuring the grade of the obtained blister copper. Under the same other conditions, if the grade of the raw material hot matte is not suitable, even if nitrogen B is introduced, the heat balance cannot be achieved, because the matte blowing process is an exothermic process, and the lower the grade, the larger the heat release amount.
The nitrogen-doping device carries out nitrogen doping in the inner pipeline for conveying the compressed air and the oxygen, and well protects the air-feeding air passage of the oxygen blowing mechanism on the basis of reducing the oxygen concentration of the air feeding.
In the invention, the "introducing nitrogen B into the inner pipeline" can refer to continuously introducing nitrogen B or intermittently introducing nitrogen B; specifically, at least the following two cases are included: 1. continuously introducing nitrogen B during normal converting (namely introducing at the initial stage), and subsequently selecting whether to introduce the nitrogen B or adjusting the introduction condition of the nitrogen B according to the actual temperature condition in the furnace; 2. the nitrogen B is not introduced initially, and subsequently, the nitrogen B can be introduced according to the actual temperature condition in the furnace (namely in the bottom blowing furnace), and the introduction condition of the nitrogen B is adjusted. The former is preferred.
It is understood that the letters A, B in nitrogen a and nitrogen B are merely to distinguish between nitrogen introduced through different lines.
Preferably, the flow rate and time of the nitrogen gas B are controlled so that the blister copper layer temperature is not higher than 1240 ℃, preferably 1215-1230 ℃, and the slag layer temperature is not higher than 1220 ℃.
In the invention, the introduction condition of the nitrogen B can be adjusted according to the actual temperature condition in the furnace, and the purpose of controlling the heat balance is achieved.
According to the invention, the flow ratio of the initial aeration flow of nitrogen B to the total aeration flow of compressed air and oxygen is preferably between 0 and 0.15: 1.
in a particularly preferred embodiment, the flow ratio of the initial aeration flow of nitrogen B to the total aeration flow of compressed air and oxygen is between 0.05 and 0.13: 1.
in the present invention, in order to satisfy the flow ratio between the flow rate of the nitrogen gas B introduced and the total flow rate of the compressed air and oxygen, or in order to satisfy the subsequent temperature control in the furnace, the flow rate of a certain gas (for example, nitrogen gas B) may be adjusted singly; the flow rate of two or more gases can also be adjusted simultaneously, for example, when the temperature in the furnace is low, the flow rate of an oxygen main pipe is increased, the flow rate of doped nitrogen B is reduced, and the oxygen concentration is increased; otherwise, the flow of oxygen is reduced, the flow of the doped nitrogen B is increased, the oxygen concentration is reduced, and the furnace temperature is adjusted downwards.
More preferably, in the subsequent converting process, when the blister copper and the slag are not layered or the temperature of the slag is not higher than 1200 ℃, the flow rate of the nitrogen B is controlled to be reduced to 0-0.5 time of the initial flow rate; when the blister copper and the slag are layered, or the temperature of the slag layer is higher than 1220 ℃ and the temperature of the blister copper layer is higher than 1240 ℃, controlling the inlet flow rate of the nitrogen B to be increased to be 1-2 times of the initial inlet flow rate.
In the present invention, the skilled person can determine whether the blister copper and the slag are layered or not, or the thickness of the slag layer and the blister copper layer by any means available. Preferably, whether the blister copper and the slag are layered or not is tested through a measuring rod arranged on the bottom-blowing furnace, and the thicknesses of the slag layer and the blister copper layer after layering are tested.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the nitrogen B is introduced at a flow rate of 0 to 2500Nm3The inlet flow rate of the compressed air is 9500-11500Nm3The introduction flow rate of the oxygen is 1000-2300 Nm-3/h。
Preferably, the flow rate of the nitrogen A is 1500-3/h。
The pressure of the compressed air can be selected by a person skilled in the art according to actual requirements; preferably, the pressure of the compressed air is 0.85 to 1.15 MPa.
According to the present invention, preferably, the method further comprises: and adding cold charge to match with the introduction of nitrogen B, so as to meet the required temperature of the blister copper layer and the slag layer. Under the preferred scheme, the cold burden is added in a matching manner, the temperature in the furnace is controlled, the stable control of heat balance is facilitated, and the crude copper with higher grade is obtained.
Preferably, cold charge is added in the bottom blowing furnace when the slag layer temperature is increased above 1230 ℃ and the blister copper layer temperature is increased above 1245 ℃.
The addition amount and the type of the cold charge are not limited in the invention, and the addition amount and the type of the cold charge can be selected by a person skilled in the art according to the prior art or the prior experience.
More preferably, the cold burden may be, for example, at least one of a stub, a waste anode plate, a scrap copper, and a blister copper. Under the preferred scheme, the intermediate copper-containing material is treated while the furnace temperature is controlled by adding the cold material and utilizing the characteristic of melting and heat absorption of the copper-containing material, so that the stockpiling of the intermediate copper product is reduced.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the grade of the raw material hot matte is controlled to increase by 0.5-1.5% when the temperature of the slag layer is increased to over 1235 ℃ and the temperature of the blister copper layer is increased to over 1245 ℃. Under the optimal scheme, the control of the grade of the hot matte of the raw material is also matched, so that the control of the heat balance in the furnace and the acquisition of high-grade blister copper are more facilitated.
In the present invention, it can be understood that the oxygen blowing mechanism is disposed on the bottom-blowing furnace.
Preferably, the total oxygen concentration of the total feed gas to the converting means is less than 30%, more preferably 25-28% by volume.
The invention has no limitation on the specific structure of the oxygen blowing mechanism as long as the specific ventilation of the inner pipeline and the outer pipeline can be realized. For example, the oxygen blowing mechanism is preferably an oxygen lance, and further preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the oxygen blowing mechanism comprises a lance core, an outer pipeline 2 and an inner pipeline 1 which are arranged at the head of the lance core, the middle inner pipeline 1 is used for taking compressed air and oxygen when the gas is normally fed in the prior art, the outer pipeline 2 is used for introducing nitrogen (also called nitrogen A) for protecting the oxygen lance, and the inner pipeline 1 is also doped with nitrogen B in the invention. It is understood that the inner pipe 1 may be as shown in fig. 3, and includes a central pipe 101 and a plurality of intermediate pipes 102 spaced along an outer circumference of the central pipe 101; it may also consist of the central tube 101 only; or consist only of the intermediate pipe 102. The first is preferred.
It should be understood that the nitrogen gas B may be introduced into the inner pipe through a pipe into which compressed air is previously introduced, a pipe into which oxygen is previously introduced, or a separate pipe, and may be mixed with the compressed air and the oxygen at the same time; preferably, the pipeline that adopts the first mode to let in compressed air carries out the nitrogen doping, more preferably, through dividing the nitrogen gas main line into two branch pipes, one is used for providing nitrogen gas A, and the other provides nitrogen gas B to be furnished with governing valve respectively, draw out the second branch pipe that provides nitrogen gas B and insert the compressed air pipeline, realize that nitrogen gas and compressed air, oxygen walk the interior pipeline simultaneously, wholly increased the input of nitrogen gas, be favorable to reducing the converting oxygen concentration.
Preferably, the nitrogen gas B is introduced in a manner that: firstly, mixing and conveying the nitrogen B and the compressed air, and then mixing and conveying the nitrogen B and the compressed air and the oxygen. This kind of preferred scheme, nitrogen gas B and compressed air are through same pipeline transport, only need an air compressor machine supply compressed air, and remaining pipeline space is mended by nitrogen gas, and the cost is lower, and the energy consumption is lower, and the security is higher, and this is because: firstly, the nitrogen B is connected into a compressed air pipeline in series, so that the compressed air can be kept at a reserve pressure, and the safety pressure of the oxygen lance is ensured; secondly, the oxygen concentration in the compressed air is lower than 21%, the oxygen carried by the compressed air is changed according to the oxygen concentration on DCS, so that the adjustable space of the introduced pure oxygen is increased, the total gas quantity conveyed into the furnace is increased, and under the condition that the actual oxygen concentration is not changed, the pure oxygen quantity sent into the furnace needs to be increased, thereby improving the treatment capacity; thirdly, nitrogen gas enters the furnace through a compressed air pipeline, the gas flow is much larger than that of the original pure nitrogen gas introduced through an outer pipeline, the heat taken away by the nitrogen gas is more, and the full heat production with higher treatment capacity is better.
Preferably, a plurality of oxygen blowing mechanisms are distributed at the bottom of the bottom blowing furnace, one oxygen blowing mechanism is arranged at a feed opening at the bottom of the furnace opening of the bottom blowing furnace, and the rest oxygen blowing mechanisms form an included angle of 15-22 degrees with the vertical direction.
In the invention, a plurality of oxygen blowing mechanisms can be arranged by the person skilled in the art by adopting the existing method.
Preferably, the air supply lines of the plurality of oxygen blowing mechanisms are controlled individually. Under the preferred scheme, each branch oxygen blowing mechanism can realize independent control of air supply, provides favorable conditions for setting and dividing a reaction zone and a relative standing zone in the furnace, and provides larger adjustment space for temperature balance of different positions in the furnace.
More preferably, oxygen lances close to the mouth and slag hole of the bottom-blown converter body and oxygen lances with local burning loss which is too large are operated at low oxygen concentration, so that the burning loss is reduced, and the service life of oxygen lance bricks and peripheral areas is longer than that of other bottom-blown converting furnaces in China. The specific value of the low oxygen concentration can be selected by those skilled in the art according to actual conditions, so long as the oxygen concentration is lower than other oxygen concentrations (such as an oxygen lance positioned in the middle part) and the safety is ensured.
Preferably, the number of the oxygen blowing mechanisms for feeding oxygen is 5 to 11. In the preferred scheme, 5-11 oxygen blowing mechanisms can be alternately used in all the arranged oxygen blowing mechanisms, so that the total oxygen feeding quantity is ensured.
According to the present invention, preferably, in the oxygen blowing mechanism, the area ratio of the total ventilation cross section of the inner pipe to the total ventilation cross section of the outer pipe in the circumferential direction thereof is 1:0.1 to 0.4, more preferably 1:0.19 to 0.32.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the area ratio of the total ventilation cross-section of the inner tubing to the total ventilation cross-section of the outer tubing is 1047: 204, or 920: 204, or 593: 188.
more preferably, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the vent of the single inner conduit to the single outer conduit is from 1:0.05 to 0.25, more preferably from 1:0.05 to 0.18.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the ratio of the vent cross-sectional area of the single inner conduit to the single outer conduit is 149.57: 8.5, or 102.2: 8.5, or 53.9: 9.4.
in the present invention, the ventilation cross sections of the individual inner tubes or the individual outer tubes may be partially or entirely the same or different, as long as the above area ratio is satisfied.
Under the preferred scheme of controlling the ventilation section, the distribution of each gas is more facilitated, and the uniform delivery of the gas is ensured, so that the heat balance is better controlled.
The invention has no limitation on the arrangement mode of the plurality of inner pipelines and the plurality of outer pipelines in the oxygen blowing mechanism, and the arrangement mode can be carried out by adopting the existing mode, preferably, as shown in figure 3, the inner pipelines 1 comprise a central pipe 101 and intermediate pipelines 102 which are distributed at intervals along the outer circumferential direction of the central pipe 101, and the outer pipelines 2 are distributed at intervals along the outer circumferential direction of the intermediate pipelines 102. In this preferred embodiment, the vent cross-section of each duct may meet the above requirements.
The present invention is illustrated in more detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the heat balance of the full thermal state continuous blowing is controlled by controlling the flow rate of the nitrogen doping.
In the continuous feeding converting and periodic copper discharging of the bottom blowing furnace, the heat balance control process in the period is as follows:
the grade of the raw material hot matte is 74.5%, and the feeding flow is 0.4 t/min. The size of the bottom blowing furnace body is phi 5.2m 23 m.
The blowing oxygen lance structure and the layout condition are as follows: the blowing lance has inner pipes 1 (i.e. central pipes 101 and intermediate pipes 102 spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the central pipes 101) spaced apart in the circumferential direction, and outer pipes 2 spaced apart in the circumferential direction, as shown in FIG. 3, the area ratio of the total aeration cross section of the inner pipes 1 to the total aeration cross section of the outer pipes 2 is 1047: 204, the ratio of the vent cross-sectional areas of the single intermediate pipe 102 and the single outer pipe 2 is 149.57: 8.5, the ratio of the vent cross-sectional areas of the single central tube 101 to the single outer pipe 2 is 3.96: 1. the oxygen lances are individually controlled by respective valves. The bottom blowing furnace body is provided with 17 total oxygen guns (which are arranged in a single row and are numbered as No. 0, 1, 2 and 3 to 16 oxygen guns in sequence from the position of the oxygen guns at the bottom of the furnace mouth), the total oxygen guns can be used for 16 oxygen guns, one oxygen gun is arranged at the corresponding feed opening at the bottom of the furnace at the furnace mouth of the bottom blowing furnace during normal production, and the rest oxygen guns form 20 included angles with the vertical direction. The number of production lance positions (i.e. oxygen lances for oxygen supply) was 6 (lance numbers 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 #).
Air supply condition of the bottom blowing furnace: compressed air flow rate 9500Nm3H, the pressure is 1.0 MPa; oxygen main flow 1800Nm3H; nitrogen header (i.e. Nitrogen A) flow 1800Nm3H; initial flow rate of nitrogen (i.e. nitrogen B) 1800Nm3H; the oxygen concentration of the three gases is 25.47 percent. Wherein, the nitrogen B is firstly mixed with the compressed air and then enters the inner pipeline of the oxygen lance with the oxygen for conveying, and the nitrogen A enters the outer pipeline of the oxygen lance for conveying.
The slag and copper are not separated by observing the melt on the measuring rod in the furnace, and the temperature of the slag is low at the moment as shown in figure 1. Now adjust the nitrogen doping flow to 0Nm3The nitrogen doping is turned off; other gas valves are not adjusted, and the stable gas supply condition is as follows: compressed air flow rate 10050Nm3H; total oxygen flow 2100Nm3H; nitrogen main pipe flow 1850Nm3H; nitrogen doping flow 0Nm3H; the oxygen concentration of the three gases is 30.01 percent. After adjusting for about 1h, the ruler is checked, the temperature in the furnace is raised, the slag copper melt layer is obviously layered, as shown in figure 2, the temperature of the crude copper layer is not higher than 1240 ℃, and the temperature of the slag layer is not higher than 1220 ℃. Then continuing to turn off the nitrogen doping and raising the temperature until the end point of the blowing in the period. Then copper and slag are discharged. The total converting time was 6 hours and 25 minutes.
After periodic copper removal, the crude copper grade is 98.05%.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the heat balance of the full thermal continuous converting is controlled by a synergistic manner of controlling the nitrogen doping flow and adding the cold burden.
The process is specifically carried out according to the method in example 1, except that in the periodic converting process, the temperature of the slag layer is increased to over 1235 ℃, and the temperature of the blister copper layer is increased to over 1245 ℃, and at this time, 30t of cold charge is also added into the bottom blowing furnace, and the cold charge is anode scrap. The total converting time was 5 hours and 35 minutes.
After periodic copper removal, the crude copper grade is 98.12%.
Example 3
In the embodiment, the heat balance of the full-thermal-state continuous blowing is controlled by a synergistic mode of controlling the nitrogen doping flow, adding cold materials and controlling the grade of hot matte.
The process of example 2 was followed except that the slag layer temperature was increased to 1235 ℃ or more and the blister copper layer temperature was increased to 1245 ℃ or more during the periodic converting, at which time the grade of the raw material hot matte was controlled to 75% to 76%. The total converting time was 5 hours.
After periodic copper removal, the crude copper grade is 98.0%.
According to the embodiment, the full-hot continuous converting method can be realized by adopting the heat balance control method, and the grade of the obtained crude copper is basically the same or better than that of the existing cold-hot matte mixed production process (the grade of the prepared crude copper is generally lower than 98%); meanwhile, the production cost, the transportation cost and the energy consumption caused by the addition of cold copper matte in the prior art are avoided.
In addition, the inventor researches and discovers that under the same other conditions, the heat balance for controlling the full-hot continuous blowing cannot be realized only by adding a large amount of cold materials, because: firstly, cold materials are continuously added, the liquid level in the furnace is continuously higher, and the influence on normal slag discharge operation (the copper level is high, and the slag discharge is copper, which is to be controlled) is large on process control; secondly, the purchasing cost of cold materials is considered, the quantity of the self-produced electrolytic anode scraps is basically insufficient, and the purchasing cost is considered when cold materials are purchased externally. In the heat balance control method, at least by controlling the grade and the nitrogen doping of the raw material hot matte, the cooperation of the smelting furnace and the converting furnace can be achieved, and the converting oxygen concentration is reduced, so that the heat balance of full-thermal-state continuous converting can be controlled, the stable production of full-thermal-state copper matte converting is realized, and the crude copper with higher grade is obtained.
Further, as can be seen from the examples 1, 2 and 3, the heat balance of the total-heat continuous converting can be better controlled by adopting a synergistic mode of controlling the nitrogen doping flow, adding cold charge and controlling the grade of the blister copper.
Claims (17)
1. A full thermal state copper matte converting heat balance control method comprises the following steps: in the converting process, carrying out oxygen feeding converting operation on raw material hot matte in a bottom blowing furnace through an oxygen blowing mechanism to obtain crude copper and furnace slag; the oxygen blowing mechanism comprises an inner pipeline and an outer pipeline, wherein the inner pipeline is used for ventilating respectively, the outer pipeline is arranged along the outer circumferential direction of the inner pipeline, compressed air and oxygen are introduced into the inner pipeline, and nitrogen A is introduced into the outer pipeline; it is characterized by also comprising:
introducing nitrogen B into the inner pipeline;
wherein the grade of the raw material hot matte is controlled to be 72-76%; the total oxygen concentration of the total introduced gas in the oxygen blowing mechanism is lower than 30% by volume;
the flow ratio of the initial introduction flow rate of the nitrogen B to the total introduction flow rate of the compressed air and the oxygen is 0-0.15: 1 and, in the subsequent converting process,
when the blister copper and the slag are not layered or the temperature of the slag is not higher than 1200 ℃, controlling the flow of the nitrogen B to be reduced to 0-0.5 time of the initial flow;
when the blister copper and the slag are layered, or the temperature of the slag layer is higher than 1220 ℃ and the temperature of the blister copper layer is higher than 1240 ℃, controlling the inlet flow rate of the nitrogen B to be increased to be 1-2 times of the initial inlet flow rate.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the blister copper layer temperature is 1215-.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen B is introduced in a manner that: firstly, mixing and conveying the nitrogen B and the compressed air, and then mixing and conveying the nitrogen B and the compressed air and the oxygen.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the flow ratio of the initial aeration flow of nitrogen B to the total aeration flow of compressed air and oxygen is between 0.05 and 0.13: 1.
5. the process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrogen B is introduced at a flow rate of 0 to 2500Nm3The inlet flow rate of the compressed air is 9500-11500Nm3The introduction flow rate of the oxygen is 1000-2300 Nm-3/h；
And/or the flow rate of the nitrogen A is 1500-2500Nm3/h；
And/or the pressure of the compressed air is 0.85-1.15 MPa.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: and adding cold charge to match with the introduction of nitrogen B, so as to meet the required temperature of the blister copper layer and the slag layer.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein cold charge is added in the bottom blowing furnace when the slag layer temperature is increased above 1230 ℃ and the blister copper layer temperature is increased above 1245 ℃.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the cold charge is at least one of a scrap, a spent anode plate, a scrap strip copper, and a blister copper.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: when the temperature of the slag layer is increased to over 1235 ℃ and the temperature of the blister copper layer is increased to over 1245 ℃, the grade of the raw material hot matte is controlled to be increased by 0.5-1.5%.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the total oxygen concentration of the total gas fed into the oxygen blowing means is 25 to 28% by volume.
11. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein a plurality of oxygen blowing mechanisms are arranged at the bottom of the bottom-blowing furnace, one oxygen blowing mechanism is arranged at a feed opening at the bottom of the furnace opening of the bottom-blowing furnace, and the rest oxygen blowing mechanisms form an included angle of 15-22 degrees with the vertical direction.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the supply lines of the plurality of oxygen blowing mechanisms are individually controlled.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein,
5-11 oxygen blowing mechanisms for oxygen feeding;
and/or the oxygen blowing mechanism is a blowing oxygen lance.
14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the oxygen blowing means has an area ratio of the total aeration cross section of the inner pipe to the total aeration cross section of the outer pipe in the circumferential direction thereof of 1:0.1 to 0.4.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the oxygen blowing mechanism has an area ratio of a total aeration cross section of the inner pipe to a total aeration cross section of the outer pipe in a circumferential direction thereof of 1: 0.19-0.32.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein the ratio of the vent cross-sectional area of the single inner conduit to the single outer conduit is 1: 0.04-0.25.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the ratio of the vent cross-sectional area of the single inner conduit to the single outer conduit is 1: 0.04-0.18.
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