CN113999622A - 一种聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材及制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材，包括聚氨酯膜、高分子膜、自粘胶和保护衬垫；所述的自粘胶与聚氨酯膜的单面复合构成复合聚氨酯膜a，复合聚氨酯膜a的自粘胶所在面与高分子膜复合构成聚氨酯基复合高分子膜A；聚氨酯基复合高分子膜A的高分子膜所在面与自粘胶复合构成聚氨酯基复合基材B；聚氨酯基复合基材B的自粘胶所在面与保护衬垫复合构成所述聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材；所述自粘胶为橡胶类、热塑弹性体类、有机硅类、聚氨酯类或丙烯酸酯类自粘胶体中的任意一种或几种混合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及防水建筑材料技术领域，具体涉及一种聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材及制备方法及应用。
背景技术
不论是隧道、桥梁、堤坝、道路、建筑还是我们日常居住的房屋，防水都不容忽视。
高分子(膜)防水卷材质量轻、强度高、低能耗、多功能，可用于单层防水，且在弹性极限范围内使用时有优良的回弹性，并且色彩丰富，可以美化环境。
近年来，高分子(膜)防水卷材无论是在使用量，还是在生产装备、工艺、技术等方面，都得到了快速的发展。一般采用单层防水体系，适合于一些防水等级要求较高、维修施工不便的防水工程。
就建筑防水材料而言，建筑防水材料应具有在低温下足够的弹塑性，不脆断；在高温下足够的强度和稳定性，但是大部分(建筑)防水卷材材料单一，防水性能有待提高。
且目前，市场上防水卷材，粘结性能较差，抗撕裂强度较低，防水抗渗性能以及耐水解性能较差，影响防水效果，导致防水系统的失败，不利于推广使用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有防水卷材粘接性能差、抗撕裂强度低、防水防渗以及耐水解性能差的问题，提供了一种聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材及制备方法及应用。
为了实现以上目的，本发明的技术方案为：一种聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材，包括聚氨酯膜、高分子膜、自粘胶和保护衬垫；所述的自粘胶与聚氨酯膜的单面复合构成复合聚氨酯膜a，复合聚氨酯膜a的自粘胶所在面与高分子膜复合构成聚氨酯基复合高分子膜A；聚氨酯基复合高分子膜A的高分子膜所在面与自粘胶复合构成聚氨酯基复合基材B；聚氨酯基复合基材B的自粘胶所在面与保护衬垫复合构成所述聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材；
所述自粘胶为橡胶类、热塑弹性体类、有机硅类、聚氨酯类或丙烯酸酯类自粘胶体中的任意一种或几种混合物。
进一步的，所述自粘胶分别均匀涂布于所述聚氨酯膜和高分子膜表面，自粘胶涂覆厚度为0.1mm～0.4mm；聚氨酯膜厚度为0.1mm～1.0mm；高分子膜厚度为0.1mm～1.2mm；所述聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材总厚度为0.4mm～1.6mm。
再进一步的，所述聚氨酯膜为聚醚型或聚酯型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体膜中的任意一种或几种。
再进一步的，所述高分子膜为聚丙烯膜、聚乙烯膜、POE膜、VAE膜或PET膜中的任意一种或几种。
再进一步的，所述保护衬垫为PET隔离膜、PE隔离膜、牛皮纸或铝膜中的任意一种。
一种聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1：将自粘胶加热至160～190℃后均匀涂覆于聚氨酯膜单面上，得到复合聚氨酯膜a；
S2：立即将步骤S1中得到的复合聚氨酯膜a的自粘胶所在面与高分子膜复合，复合后经定型冷却得到聚氨酯基复合高分子膜A；
S3：再将自粘胶加热至160～190℃后均匀涂覆于聚氨酯基复合高分子膜A的高分子膜所在面构成聚氨酯基复合基材B；
S4：立即将步骤S3中得到的聚氨酯基复合基材B的自粘胶所在面与保护衬垫复合，复合后经定型冷却得到聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材。
进一步的，所述步骤S1、S3中涂覆时温度保持在160～190℃。
一种聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材的应用，在防水建筑材料上应用。
本发明的技术效果在于：聚氨酯弹性佳，轻度高。在防水性上虽厚度极薄(0.15mm～1.0mm)却有其他材料无法比拟之物性表现(可承受水压在10000mm水柱以上)。除此之外耐寒特性极佳，环保无毒可回收及分解，以聚氨酯为基体制成聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材将成为未来防水卷材的主流。本发明的聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材，以聚氨酯基复合高分子膜A为防水层的基础上复合成聚氨酯基复合基材B，在低温下足够的弹塑性，不脆断；在高温下足够的强度和稳定性。采用非沥青基自粘层(自粘胶)，敷以保护衬垫卷曲成卷，制作卷材的基材具有绿色环保、无污染等特点，施工工艺简化，具有超强的高张力、高拉力、防水透气性、强韧性，同时又具有优异的耐老化和耐寒性等特点，由于原材料易得，制备工艺过程简单，易操作，施工方便，安全可靠，使得本发明产品综合成本低廉，适用于大规模工业生产和广泛使用。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更加形象生动地阐述本发明的具体实施步骤，将结合附图作如下进一步说明：
本发明涉及一种聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材及制备方法及应用，本发明防水卷材是一种自粘胶膜防水卷材，包括聚氨酯膜1、高分子膜2、自粘胶3和保护衬垫4，所述自粘胶3分别均匀涂布于所述聚氨酯膜1和高分子膜2表面，所述自粘胶3涂覆厚度为0.1mm～0.4mm，所述自粘胶3为橡胶类、热塑弹性体类、有机硅类、聚氨酯类或丙烯酸酯类自粘胶体中的任意一种或几种混合物，所述高分子膜2为厚度在0.1mm～1.2mmPP(聚丙烯)膜、PE(聚乙烯)膜、POE膜、VAE膜或PET膜中的任意一种或几种，所述聚氨酯膜1为厚度在0.1mm～1.0mm聚醚型或聚酯型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体膜中的任意一种或几种，所述聚氨酯膜1、高分子膜2、自粘胶3、保护衬垫4的总厚度为0.4mm～1.6mm；本发明制备得到的聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材具有很强的高张力、高拉力、防水透气性、强韧性和耐老化性能，同时又具有优异的耐寒性、耐化学药品性、绿色环保、无污染和施工工艺简化等特点。
本发明提供的一种高分子复合防水卷材，适用性更强。且该种高分子复合防水卷材的制备方法工艺简单，生产出来的高分子复合防水卷材，适用性更强。本发明公开的聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材在防水建筑材料中应用。
进一步的说明，所述自粘胶3为橡胶类、热塑弹性体类、有机硅类、聚氨酯类或丙烯酸酯类自粘胶体中的任意一种或几种混合物；其中，采用聚氨酯类复合粘合度更强，其中含有的-NCO基团，与高分子膜2表面吸附水反应形成聚氨酯基复合高分子膜A以及聚氨酯基复合基材B，并且与高分子膜2形成粘结的高强度，实现聚氨酯膜1和高分子膜2结合为一体的双重防水复合构造。
本发明的聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材，以聚氨酯基复合高分子膜A为防水层的基础上复合成聚氨酯基复合基材B，在低温下足够的弹塑性，不脆断；在高温下足够的强度和稳定性。采用非沥青基自粘层(自粘胶3)，敷以保护衬垫4卷曲成卷，制作卷材的基材具有绿色环保、无污染等特点，施工工艺简化，具有超强的高张力、高拉力、防水透气性、强韧性，同时又具有优异的耐老化和耐寒性等特点，由于原材料易得，制备工艺过程简单，易操作，施工方便，安全可靠，使得本发明产品综合成本低廉，适用于大规模工业生产和广泛使用。
以下结合附图，对本发明上述的和另外的技术特征和优点作更详细的说明。
一种聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材，包括聚氨酯膜1、高分子膜2、自粘胶3和保护衬垫4；所述的自粘胶3与聚氨酯膜1的单面复合构成复合聚氨酯膜a，复合聚氨酯膜a的自粘胶3所在面与高分子膜2复合构成聚氨酯基复合高分子膜A；聚氨酯基复合高分子膜A的高分子膜2所在面与自粘胶3复合构成聚氨酯基复合基材B；聚氨酯基复合基材B的自粘胶3所在面与保护衬垫4复合构成所述聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材；
所述自粘胶3为橡胶类、热塑弹性体类、有机硅类、聚氨酯类或丙烯酸酯类自粘胶体中的任意一种或几种混合物。
进一步的，所述自粘胶3分别均匀涂布于所述聚氨酯膜1和高分子膜2表面，自粘胶3涂覆厚度为0.1mm～0.4mm；聚氨酯膜1厚度为0.1mm～1.0mm；高分子膜2厚度为0.1mm～1.2mm；所述聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材总厚度为0.4mm～1.6mm。
再进一步的，所述聚氨酯膜1为聚醚型或聚酯型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体膜中的任意一种或几种。
再进一步的，所述高分子膜2为聚丙烯膜、聚乙烯膜、POE膜、VAE膜或PET膜中的任意一种或几种。
再进一步的，所述保护衬垫4为PET隔离膜、PE隔离膜、牛皮纸或铝膜中的任意一种。
一种聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1：将自粘胶3加热至160～190℃后均匀涂覆于聚氨酯膜1单面上，得到复合聚氨酯膜a；
S2：立即将步骤S1中得到的复合聚氨酯膜a的自粘胶3所在面与高分子膜2复合，复合后经定型冷却得到聚氨酯基复合高分子膜A；
S3：再将自粘胶3加热至160～190℃后均匀涂覆于聚氨酯基复合高分子膜A的高分子膜2所在面构成聚氨酯基复合基材B；
S4：立即将步骤S3中得到的聚氨酯基复合基材B的自粘胶3所在面与保护衬垫4复合，复合后经定型冷却得到聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材。
进一步的，所述步骤S1、S3中涂覆时温度保持在160～190℃。
一种聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材的应用，在防水建筑材料上应用。
实施例1
(1)将橡胶类自粘胶3加入存料罐，升温后180℃，经过挤出机挤出均匀流延在厚度在0.15mm聚醚型热塑性聚氨酯单面膜上。
(2)将步骤(1)中涂覆后得到的聚氨酯单面膜的橡胶类自粘胶3所在面与0.6mmPP(聚丙烯)膜复合后经定型冷却，得到聚氨酯基复合高分子膜A。
(3)将橡胶类自粘胶3经过挤出机挤出均匀流延在聚氨酯基复合高分子膜A的PP(聚丙烯)膜面，即橡胶类自粘胶3均匀涂覆于聚氨酯基复合高分子膜A上。
(4)将步骤(3)中得到的复合膜的橡胶类自粘胶3所在面与PE隔离膜复合后经定型冷却，形成聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材。
实施例2
(1)将热塑弹性体类自粘胶3加入存料罐，升温后180℃，经过挤出机挤出均匀流延在厚度在0.15mm聚酯型热塑性聚氨酯单面膜上。
(2)将步骤(1)中涂覆后得到的聚氨酯单面膜的热塑弹性体类自粘胶3所在面与0.6mmPE(聚乙烯)膜复合后经定型冷却，得到聚氨酯基复合高分子膜A。
(3)将热塑弹性体类自粘胶3经过挤出机挤出均匀流延在聚氨酯基复合高分子膜A的PE(聚乙烯)膜面，即热塑弹性体类自粘胶3均匀涂覆于聚氨酯基复合高分子膜A上。
(4)将步骤(3)中得到的复合膜的热塑弹性体类自粘胶3所在面与牛皮纸隔离膜复合后经定型冷却，形成聚氨酯基复合高分子(膜)防水卷材。
实施例3
(1)将丙烯酸酯类自粘胶3加入存料罐，升温后180℃，经过挤出机挤出均匀流延在厚度在0.25mm聚醚型热塑性聚氨酯单面膜上。
(2)将步骤(1)中涂覆后得到的聚氨酯单面膜的丙烯酸酯类自粘胶3所在面与0.6mmPET膜复合后经定型冷却，得到聚氨酯基复合高分子膜A。
(3)将丙烯酸酯类自粘胶3经过挤出机挤出均匀流延均匀流延在聚氨酯基复合高分子膜A的PET膜面，即丙烯酸酯类自粘胶3均匀涂覆于聚氨酯基复合高分子膜A上。
(4)将步骤(3)中得到的复合膜的丙烯酸酯类自粘胶3所在面与PE隔离膜复合后经定型冷却，形成聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材。
对以上实施例1～3得到的聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材以及高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)防水卷材(对比例)的性能进行检测，得到结果如下表1。
表1实施例1～3得到的聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材以及高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)防水卷材的性能测试结果
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，对本发明而言仅仅是说明性的，而非限制性的。本专业技术人员理解，在本发明权利要求所限定的精神和范围内可对其进行许多改变，修改，甚至等效，但都将落入本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材，其特征在于：包括聚氨酯膜(1)、高分子膜(2)、自粘胶(3)、保护衬垫(4)；所述的自粘胶(3)与聚氨酯膜(1)的单面复合构成复合聚氨酯膜(a)，复合聚氨酯膜(a)的自粘胶(3)所在面与高分子膜(2)复合构成聚氨酯基复合高分子膜(A)；聚氨酯基复合高分子膜(A)的高分子膜(2)所在面与自粘胶(3)复合构成聚氨酯基复合基材(B)；聚氨酯基复合基材(B)的自粘胶(3)所在面与保护衬垫(4)复合构成所述聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材；
所述自粘胶(3)为橡胶类、热塑弹性体类、有机硅类、聚氨酯类或丙烯酸酯类自粘胶体中的任意一种或几种混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材，其特征在于：所述自粘胶(3)分别均匀涂布于所述聚氨酯膜(1)和高分子膜(2)表面，自粘胶(3)涂覆厚度为0.1mm～0.4mm；聚氨酯膜(1)厚度为0.1mm～1.0mm；高分子膜(2)厚度为0.1mm～1.2mm；所述聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材总厚度为0.4mm～1.6mm。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材，其特征在于：所述聚氨酯膜(1)为聚醚型或聚酯型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体膜中的任意一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材，其特征在于：所述高分子膜(2)为聚丙烯膜、聚乙烯膜、POE膜、VAE膜或PET膜中的任意一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材，其特征在于：所述保护衬垫(4)为PET隔离膜、PE隔离膜、牛皮纸或铝膜中的任意一种。
6.一种聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
S1：将自粘胶(3)加热至160～190℃后均匀涂覆于聚氨酯膜(1)单面上，得到复合聚氨酯膜(a)；
S2：立即将步骤S1中得到的复合聚氨酯膜(a)的自粘胶(3)所在面与高分子膜(2)复合，复合后经定型冷却得到聚氨酯基复合高分子膜(A)；
S3：再将自粘胶(3)加热至160～190℃后均匀涂覆于聚氨酯基复合高分子膜(A)的高分子膜(2)所在面构成聚氨酯基复合基材(B)；
S4：立即将步骤S3中得到的聚氨酯基复合基材(B)的自粘胶(3)所在面与保护衬垫(4)复合，复合后经定型冷却得到聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1、S3中涂覆时温度保持在160～190℃。
8.一种聚氨酯基复合高分子防水卷材的应用，其特征在于，在防水建筑材料上应用。
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