CN113999468B - Viscoelastic sandwich material, large-damping sandwich composite material, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Viscoelastic sandwich material, large-damping sandwich composite material, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN113999468B
CN113999468B CN202111205371.XA CN202111205371A CN113999468B CN 113999468 B CN113999468 B CN 113999468B CN 202111205371 A CN202111205371 A CN 202111205371A CN 113999468 B CN113999468 B CN 113999468B
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damping
composite material
parts
rubber
sandwich
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CN113999468A (en
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郑长升
李强
张庆荣
王瑞春
王绍清
刘炳昌
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Weifang University of Science and Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
    • C08L27/18—Homopolymers or copolymers or tetrafluoroethene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
    • B32B27/281—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyimides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
    • C08J2327/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
    • C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
    • C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
    • C08K7/06—Elements

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of high polymer materials, in particular to a viscoelastic sandwich material, a large-damping sandwich composite material, and a preparation method and application thereof. The large-damping sandwich composite material is characterized in that a carbon fiber prepreg is embedded into a bismaleimide resin-based composite material as a neutral layer, the surface of the carbon fiber prepreg is provided with viscoelastic sandwich materials with different thicknesses, and the viscoelastic sandwich materials comprise the following components in parts by mass: 90-110 parts of tetrapropylene fluororubber; 4-6 parts of a cross-linking agent TAIC; 4-6 parts of vulcanization auxiliary agent HVA-2; 1-1.5 parts of vulcanizing agent BIBP; 30-50 parts of ZDMA; 1-2 parts of an activator NASA; 10-20 parts of short fibers. The large-damping sandwich composite material has good high-temperature resistance and high interface shear strength, and meanwhile, the fracture surface of the sandwich material is generated in a neutral layer, so that the composite structure has excellent mechanical properties; and the embedding of the sandwich material greatly improves the damping performance of the composite material, and the composite material has wide application prospect in aviation and aerospace.

Description

Viscoelastic sandwich material, large-damping sandwich composite material, and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high polymer materials, in particular to a viscoelastic sandwich material, a large-damping sandwich composite material, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
The composite material has high specific strength, large specific rigidity and excellent damping performance, and is widely applied to aerospace in recent years. However, the traditional damping composite material can only be used in the environment below 160 ℃, can not bear the high temperature and high pressure above 200 ℃, and has very high requirements on the interface bonding strength in aerospace. Meanwhile, the requirement of high temperature resistant components around rocket, aircraft engine outer duct and the like for reducing engine vibration is increasingly urgent, so that a composite structure with excellent high temperature resistance, damping performance and interface bonding performance is needed to be developed.
In the prior art, the prepreg mainly adopted by the traditional sandwich composite material structure is epoxy resin and epoxy resin-based fiber prepreg, but the sandwich materials adopted by researchers at home and abroad are vulcanized rubber sheets sold in the market, and then are bonded with the prepreg through an adhesive and then are cured together; although the preparation method is simple, the interaction between the resin matrix and the polymer sandwich material is not considered in the preparation process. In addition, the vulcanized rubber sheet is subjected to a high-temperature and high-pressure vulcanization process, and when the vulcanized rubber sheet is placed into an autoclave for high-temperature curing, the sandwich material is easily subjected to high-temperature reversion, so that the rubber is aged and loses efficacy, and therefore the vulcanized rubber sheet is restrained in engineering application. In the prior art, the maximum interface bonding strength of the co-cured damping composite material prepared by Zheng CS and the like is 7.43MPa; the sandwich composite material prepared by James JS and other people consists of upper and lower carbon fiber skins with the thickness of 0.38mm and a sandwich layer with the thickness of 2.6mm, the loss factor of the sandwich composite material is 4.6 percent, and the inventor finds that the composite materials in the prior art need to be improved in interface bonding performance and damping performance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a viscoelastic sandwich material, a large-damping sandwich composite material, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the viscoelastic sandwich material is dissolved into damping adhesive cement, and the damping adhesive cement is uniformly soaked on the surface of a carbon fiber prepreg by a brush coating method to form a damping film; and embedding the prepreg with the damping film into the composite material laminated plate as a neutral layer according to a preset laying sequence, and finally preparing the high-temperature-resistant and high-mechanical-property large-damping sandwich composite material through a specific co-curing process.
The large-damping sandwich composite material provided by the invention generates physical fusion or chemical crosslinking between the macromolecular viscoelastic material and the resin matrix, and solves the problem of interface combination in the aspect of molecular chemical bonds, so that the damping performance of the whole structure is improved, the interface mechanical property of the structure is greatly improved, and the large-damping sandwich composite material has high temperature resistance and high mechanical property; the bismaleimide resin-based carbon fiber composite material has the characteristics of excellent mechanical property, high temperature resistance and the like, and is more and more widely applied to structures of airplanes, missiles, satellites, high-speed rails and the like. The large-damping sandwich composite material is a multi-phase composite solid, and the pre-damping treatment structure is embedded in the structure, so that the composite material has the advantages of no falling, ageing resistance and the like, and has wide application prospect in aviation.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
in a first aspect of the present invention, a viscoelastic sandwich material is provided, wherein the viscoelastic sandwich material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 90-110 parts of tetrapropylene fluororubber; 4-6 parts of a cross-linking agent TAIC; 4-6 parts of vulcanization auxiliary agent HVA-2; 1-1.5 parts of vulcanizing agent BIBP; 30-50 parts of ZDMA; 1-2 parts of an activator NASA; 10-20 parts of short fibers.
In a second aspect of the invention, a large damping sandwich composite material is provided, wherein the large damping sandwich composite material is a carbon fiber prepreg embedded into a bismaleimide resin-based composite material as a neutral layer, and the surface of the carbon fiber prepreg is provided with the viscoelastic sandwich material of the first aspect with different thicknesses;
in a third aspect of the present invention, a preparation method of the large damping sandwich composite material according to the second aspect comprises:
(1) Preparing a viscoelastic sandwich material;
(2) Modulation of damping mortar;
(3) And (3) preparing the large-damping sandwich composite material.
In one or more embodiments, the preparation of the viscoelastic core material of step (1) comprises the steps of:
(1) Firstly, cutting the tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber into rubber strips, and performing rubber breaking, plastication and thin-passing on the tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber;
(2) Mixing the tetrapropylene fluoride rubber: controlling the temperature of a double roller of an open mill at 50-70 ℃, adding short fibers into tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber in batches, mixing for 5-6min to enable the short fibers to be uniformly and orderly dispersed in a rubber matrix, then adding ZDMA and NaSA into the tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber, mixing for 4-5min, finally adding BIBP, TAIC and HVA-2 into the tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber, mixing for 2-3min to complete preliminary vulcanization of rubber materials, then carrying out open milling and calendering on the mixed tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber, simultaneously carrying out triangular wrapping on the mixed rubber, then rolling the rubber materials to remove air bubbles in the rubber materials, and finally carrying out sheet discharging to obtain the uniformly mixed tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber;
in one or more embodiments, the preparing of the damping paste in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(1) The uniformly mixed tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber is thinly led out of a sheet, and then the sheet is cut into fragments;
(2) Preparing damping rubber cement solution by mixing the rubber compound fragments with an organic solvent according to a certain proportion;
(3) And dissolving weighed rubber compound fragments in an organic solvent, uniformly stirring, placing in a cool place at room temperature for sealing and standing, opening a sealing bag, and continuously stirring by using a glass rod until the damping sandwich material is uniformly dissolved in the organic solvent to obtain a uniform damping rubber cement solution.
In one or more embodiments, the preparation of the high damping sandwich composite material in the step (3) comprises the following steps:
(1) The composite material prepreg is taken out from a refrigeration house in advance and placed at room temperature to remove the temperature stress of the material;
(2) Uniformly brushing the sandwich material on the surface of the carbon fiber prepreg by adopting a double-sided brushing process to prepare the prepreg with damping films with different thicknesses;
(3) The carbon fiber prepreg with damping films of different thicknesses is used as a neutral layer to be embedded into the bismaleimide resin based composite prepreg, the whole composite material is paved according to a preset paving sequence, then the whole composite material is placed on a mold paved with demolding cloth and a spiral tube, the mold is vacuumized, and then the co-curing of the whole structure is completed according to a co-curing process, so that the large-damping sandwich composite material is finally obtained.
In a fourth aspect of the invention, the application of the high damping sandwich composite material in the second aspect in aerospace materials is provided.
The specific embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the viscoelastic sandwich material disclosed by the invention can be combined with bismaleimide resin to form an interpenetrating network structure, so that the viscoelastic sandwich material and bismaleimide resin carbon fiber are co-cured at 230 ℃;
the invention selects an organic peroxide vulcanization system to vulcanize the fluororubber, and the organic peroxide vulcanization system has better thermal stability than an organic diamine vulcanization system and better high-temperature aging resistance than a bisphenol vulcanization system and a hydroxyl compound vulcanization system; the addition of TAIC can promote the decomposition of BIBP free radicals and the formation of cross-linked polymers, and accelerate the formation process of polymer free radicals; the addition of HVA-2 as a vulcanization aid can improve the crosslinking degree of FKM and prevent rubber scorching; ZDMA can improve the tear strength and high temperature resistance of the product; NASA can improve the processability of ZDMA reinforced rubber mixtures. The uniform dispersion of short fibers in the fluororubber can be blended with the fluororubber to form a short fiber reinforced polymer material, and the mixture combines the flexibility of the rubber and the rigidity of the fibers to ensure that the fluororubber keeps higher modulus and higher tearing strength.
The large-damping sandwich composite material disclosed by the invention has good high-temperature resistance and high interface shear strength, the shear strength is over 8Mpa, and meanwhile, the fracture surface of the sandwich material is generated in a neutral layer, so that the co-curing of the sandwich material and the composite material is completed, and the composite structure has excellent mechanical properties; and the damping performance of the composite material is greatly improved by embedding the sandwich material.
The high-temperature-resistant high-mechanical-property large-damping sandwich composite material adopts a brand-new pre-damping treatment method, namely the damping characteristic of the structure is considered in the design stage of the component; the pre-damping processing structure is embedded in the structure, so that the pre-damping processing structure has the advantages of no falling, ageing resistance and the like, and has wide application prospect in aviation.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 shows a pure FEPM structure (a) and a cross-linked structure of a FEPM vulcanizate (b);
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the mechanism of co-curing reaction between fluororubber and bismaleimide resin;
FIG. 3 is a peroxide cure system crosslinking mechanism;
FIG. 4 is a mill process;
FIG. 5 is a vulcanization characteristic curve of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the tensile strength of the fluororubbers in example 1 of the present invention at different temperatures;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the variation of damping loss factor with temperature of the fluororubber according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a co-curing process curve of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a shear test of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the change in interfacial shear force in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 11 shows a free vibration damping test variation curve of example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a viscoelastic sandwich material is provided, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 90-110 parts of tetrapropyl fluororubber; 4-6 parts of a cross-linking agent TAIC; 4-6 parts of vulcanization auxiliary agent HVA-2; 1-1.5 parts of vulcanizing agent BIBP; 30-50 parts of ZDMA; 1-2 parts of an activator NASA; 10-20 parts of short fibers.
Preferably, the viscoelastic sandwich material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 95-110 parts of tetrapropylene fluoride rubber; 5-6 parts of a cross-linking agent TAIC; 5-6 parts of vulcanization auxiliary agent HVA-2; 1.2-1.5 parts of vulcanizing agent BIBP; 40-50 parts of ZDMA; 1.5-2 parts of activator NASA; 15-20 parts of short fibers.
Further preferably, the viscoelastic sandwich material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber; 5 parts of a cross-linking agent TAIC; 2 parts of vulcanization auxiliary agent HVA-2; 1.2 parts of vulcanizing agent BIBP; 40 parts of ZDMA; 1.5 parts of activator NASA; and 15 parts of short fibers.
The invention selects an organic peroxide vulcanization system to carry out vulcanization on the fluorine rubber FKM, and the organic peroxide vulcanization system has better thermal stability than an organic diamine vulcanization system and better high-temperature aging resistance than a bisphenol vulcanization system and a hydroxyl compound vulcanization system. In addition, FKM can be used to improve the damping characteristics of composite materials because it produces a greater damping effect near the glass transition temperature when FKM changes from a glassy state to a highly elastic state. According to the reaction mechanism of the organic peroxide free radical chain, peroxide vulcanized tetrapropylene fluoride rubber is obtained, and the specific reaction is shown in figure 3. When the FKM is vulcanized by peroxide, BIBP can be decomposed under the action of high temperature and high pressure to generate free radicals, and the free atoms are captured from FKM molecules by the free radicals to form polymer groups. To accelerate the formation process of polymer radicals, TAIC is added to promote the decomposition of BIBP radicals and the formation of crosslinked polymers. In order to increase the degree of crosslinking of FKM and prevent scorching of the rubber, HVA-2 was added as a vulcanization aid. ZDMA is a metal salt of unsaturated carboxylic acid that improves the tear strength and high temperature resistance of the product. NASA was added to improve the processability of the ZDMA reinforced rubber mixtures. The uniform dispersion of short fibers in the FKM can be blended with the FKM to form a short fiber reinforced polymer material that combines the flexibility of the rubber and the rigidity of the fibers to maintain a higher modulus and greater tear strength of the FKM. Therefore, aramid fiber with good reinforcement and high temperature resistance is selected as the framework material of the FKM.
In one embodiment of the invention, a large-damping sandwich composite material is provided, wherein a carbon fiber prepreg is embedded into a bismaleimide resin-based composite material as a neutral layer, and the surface of the carbon fiber prepreg is provided with the viscoelastic sandwich material of the first aspect with different thicknesses;
the base material used in the invention is carbon fiber/bismaleimide resin (BMI) prepreg, the curing temperature of which is 230 ℃, and the prepreg has the characteristics of good heat resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient, excellent fatigue resistance and high specific strength. Since BMI is a polar molecule and the composite structure is used under high temperature conditions, high temperature aging resistance and polarity thereof need to be considered in designing the viscoelastic material. Hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR), fluororubbers (FKM) and Silicone Rubber (SR) belong to the high-temperature specialty rubbers. The HNBR can reach the use temperature of 180 ℃, but the co-curing temperature of the HNBR is still too low to ensure the aging resistance of the viscoelastic damping layer, and the damping layer is easy to fall off and age; the service temperature range of the SR is-70-280 ℃, the heat resistance and the aging resistance of the SR are excellent, but the mechanical property is poor, and meanwhile, the polarity of the SR is weak, so that the HNBR and the SR are not suitable for being used as a viscoelastic damping film material with a composite structure. The molecular chain of FKM contains a large amount of C and F atoms, and a C-F bond with strong self-bonding energy is formed. In the molecular structure of FKM, the covalent radius of the F atom is about half the length of the C-C bond, and the F atom can act as a barrier to the C-C bond, thereby making the C-C bond more stable. Thus, FKM exhibits very good physicochemical properties. In addition, FKM exhibits a strong molecular polarity and is more likely to interact with the molecular functional groups in bismaleimide resin, which also contributes to the improvement of the interfacial bonding strength of the composite structure. Therefore, tetrapropylene fluoride rubber (FEPM) with excellent high temperature resistance is finally selected as the basic component of the viscoelastic damping film material, and the structure thereof is shown in fig. 1. FIG. 2 reveals the mechanism of co-curing reaction between fluororubber and bismaleimide resin, and FKM can react with BMI under co-curing condition directly or with the BMI under the coordination of crosslinking assistant TAIC, which is the theoretical basis for the preparation of composite structure.
The bismaleimide resin carbon fiber prepreg cured at 230 ℃ is developed and produced by Guangwei corporation, and has the advantages of stable curing process, good mechanical property, high temperature resistance and the like, so that the bismaleimide resin carbon fiber prepreg is suitable for the basic performance requirements of the high-temperature-resistant high-mechanical-property large-damping sandwich composite material.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a preparation method of the above large damping sandwich composite material is provided, which includes:
(1) Preparing a viscoelastic sandwich material;
(2) Modulation of damping mortar;
(3) And (3) preparing the large-damping sandwich composite material.
In one or more embodiments, the preparation of the viscoelastic core material of step (1) comprises the steps of:
(3) Firstly, cutting the tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber into rubber strips, and performing rubber breaking, plastication and thin passing on the tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber;
(4) Mixing the tetrapropylene fluoride rubber: controlling the temperature of a double roller of an open mill at 50-70 ℃, adding short fibers into tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber in batches, mixing for 5-6min to enable the short fibers to be uniformly and orderly dispersed in a rubber matrix, then adding ZDMA and NaSA into the tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber, mixing for 4-5min, finally adding BIBP, TAIC and HVA-2 into the tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber, mixing for 2-3min to complete preliminary vulcanization of rubber materials, then carrying out open milling and calendering on the mixed tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber, simultaneously carrying out triangular wrapping on the mixed rubber, then rolling the rubber materials to remove air bubbles in the rubber materials, and finally carrying out sheet discharging to obtain the uniformly mixed tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber;
in one or more embodiments, the preparing of the damping paste in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(1) The uniformly mixed tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber is thinly led out of the sheet, and then the sheet is cut into fragments;
(2) Preparing damping rubber cement solution by mixing the rubber compound fragments with an organic solvent according to a certain proportion;
(3) And dissolving weighed rubber compound fragments in an organic solvent, uniformly stirring, placing in a cool place at room temperature for sealing and standing, opening a sealing bag, and continuously stirring by using a glass rod until the damping sandwich material is uniformly dissolved in the organic solvent to obtain a uniform damping rubber cement solution.
In the invention, various additives and the tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber cannot be directly dissolved in tetrahydrofuran for use, because the tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber cannot obtain enough viscoelasticity and mechanical properties through plastic deformation, and meanwhile, a compact cross-linked network structure cannot be formed between the tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber and the additives through prevulcanization, thereby shortening the service life of the viscoelasticity material;
in one or more embodiments, the preparation of the high damping sandwich composite material in the step (3) comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, taking out the composite material prepreg from a refrigeration house in advance, placing the prepreg at room temperature and removing the temperature stress of the material;
(2) Uniformly brushing the sandwich material on the surface of the carbon fiber prepreg by adopting a double-sided brushing process to prepare the prepreg with damping films with different thicknesses;
(3) Embedding carbon fiber prepregs with damping films of different thicknesses into bismaleimide resin matrix composite prepreg as a neutral layer, finishing the laying of the whole composite material according to a preset laying sequence, putting the whole composite material on a mold with a demolding cloth and a spiral tube, vacuumizing, finishing the co-curing of the whole structure according to a co-curing process, and finally obtaining the large-damping sandwich composite material;
in one or more embodiments, the viscoelastic sandwich material of step (2) is prepared by the following steps of: the initial mixing temperature is 60 ℃, and the rotating speed of a rotor of the open mill is 40r/min;
in one or more embodiments, the organic solvent of step (2) is tetrahydrofuran;
preferably, the ratio of the rubber compound chips to the organic solvent is 1g:4ml;
in one or more embodiments, the composite prepreg of step (1) is a bismaleimide resin based carbon fiber prepreg;
in one or more embodiments, the double-sided brush coating process in the step (2) is to brush coat damping adhesive cement on the surfaces of two pieces of prepreg respectively, and align the surfaces of the two pieces of prepreg embedded with the sandwich material according to the carbon fiber laying direction to enable the sandwich material to be positioned on a neutral layer;
in one or more embodiments, the co-curing process conditions in step (3) are first raising the temperature to 230 ℃ at 1.5 ℃/min, then pressurizing to 3Mpa, maintaining at 230 ℃ for 6h, then lowering the temperature to room temperature at 1.5 ℃/min, and taking out of the tank at normal pressure.
The sandwich material of the invention is mainly a high molecular polymer, and the special viscoelasticity of the sandwich material can lead the sandwich material to be lagged behind the stress under the alternating stress, so as to generate the hysteresis and form the damping. The sandwich material is used as an intermediate layer in the co-curing composite material structure and needs to be firmly connected with the upper and lower adjacent composite material layers, and the sandwich material is subjected to physical fusion and chemical reaction with resin in the composite material during curing at a microscopic angle so as to form an interpenetrating network structure; the curing condition of the sandwich material is basically consistent with the curing condition of the composite material in a macroscopic view, and only in this way, the sandwich material and the bismaleimide resin based composite material prepreg can be co-cured, so that the effect of improving the dynamic performance of the whole structure is achieved, and finally, the high-temperature-resistant high-mechanical-performance large-damping sandwich composite material component is manufactured.
And in addition, the rubber sandwich material is dissolved in an organic solvent by using a brush coating method to obtain a damping solution with a certain concentration, and then the damping solution is uniformly coated on the composite material prepreg to prepare the composite material prepreg with the viscoelastic damping film. Meanwhile, the rubber damping mucilage and the bismaleimide resin are infiltrated to a certain degree before co-curing, so that mechanical winding and physical fusion between rubber macromolecules and resin molecules can be realized, and an interpenetrating network structure can be formed in the co-curing process.
Specifically, the preparation method of the large damping sandwich composite material comprises the following steps:
preparing the viscoelastic sandwich material:
(1) Cutting the raw rubber, namely cutting the tetrapropyl fluoride rubber into rubber strips with the thickness of 30mm multiplied by 20mm multiplied by 100mm by a special cutting knife, so that the rubber strips can be easily placed in an open mill, and finally the volume fraction of the rubber materials accounts for more than 80% of the capacity of the open mill;
(2) Mixing the tetrapropylene fluoride rubber, controlling the temperature of a double roller of an open mill to be 50-70 ℃, controlling short fiber to be added into the tetrapropylene fluoride rubber in a divided manner according to the principle of adding a proper amount of short fiber according to poor processability, mixing for 5-6min to enable the short fiber to be uniformly and orderly dispersed in a rubber matrix, next, adding ZDMA and NaSA into the tetrapropylene fluoride rubber, mixing for 4-5min to improve the comprehensive mechanical property of the tetrapropylene fluoride rubber, finally adding BIBP, TAIC and HVA-2 into the tetrapropylene fluoride rubber, mixing for 2-3min to complete the primary vulcanization of rubber materials, then, carrying out open milling and calendering on the mixed tetrapropylene fluoride rubber, and simultaneously adjusting the roller distance to be minimum to beat the mixed rubber into a triangular bag for 6 times; then adjusting the roller distance to 1.5mm, rolling the rubber material to remove air bubbles in the rubber material, finally discharging the rubber material to obtain uniformly mixed tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber, and mixing to enable the viscoelastic material to obtain optimal physical property, damping property and aging resistance;
and (3) modulation of damping mortar:
(1) Adjusting the roller distance of an open mill to be minimum, thinly passing the uniformly mixed tetrapropylene fluoride rubber for 5-6 times to obtain a sheet, and then cutting the sheet into pieces of 3mm multiplied by 3 mm;
(2) Mixing the rubber compound fragments with an organic solvent tetrahydrofuran according to the proportion of 1g: preparing a damping mucilage solution according to the proportion of 4ml;
(3) Dissolving the weighed rubber compound fragments in an organic solvent, uniformly stirring, placing in a cool place at room temperature, sealing and standing for 24 hours, opening a sealing bag, and continuously stirring by using a glass rod until the damping sandwich material is uniformly dissolved in the organic solvent tetrahydrofuran to obtain a uniform damping rubber cement solution. Various additives and the tetrapropylene fluoride rubber cannot be directly dissolved in tetrahydrofuran for use, because the tetrapropylene fluoride rubber cannot obtain enough viscoelasticity and mechanical properties through plastic deformation, and meanwhile, a compact cross-linked network structure cannot be formed between the tetrapropylene fluoride rubber and the additives due to the fact that the tetrapropylene fluoride rubber cannot be pre-vulcanized, and therefore the service life of the viscoelasticity material is shortened.
Preparing a large-damping sandwich composite material:
(1) Firstly, taking out the composite prepreg from a refrigeration house in advance, and placing the composite prepreg at room temperature for 12 hours;
(2) Uniformly brushing the sandwich material on the surface of the carbon fiber prepreg by adopting a double-sided brushing process to prepare the prepreg with damping films with different thicknesses;
(3) The carbon fiber prepreg with damping films of different thicknesses is used as a neutral layer to be embedded into the bismaleimide resin based composite prepreg, the laying can enable the composite structure to obtain the optimal damping performance and the comprehensive mechanical performance, the whole composite material is laid according to the preset laying sequence, then the whole composite material is placed on a mold paved with demolding cloth and a spiral tube, then the vacuum bag is sealed and vacuumized, and then the vacuum bag and the vacuum bag are placed into an autoclave together to complete the co-curing of the whole structure according to the specific co-curing process, and finally the damping sandwich composite material component for aerospace is obtained.
The invention provides an application of the high-damping sandwich composite material in aerospace materials.
The invention will be further explained and illustrated with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
1. The viscoelastic sandwich material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber; 5 parts of a cross-linking agent TAIC; vulcanization auxiliary agent HVA-25 parts; 1.2 parts of vulcanizing agent BIBP; 40 parts of ZDMA; 1.5 parts of activator NASA; and 15 parts of short fibers.
2. Cutting the virgin rubber, namely cutting the tetrapropylene fluoride rubber into rubber strips with the sizes of 30mm multiplied by 20mm multiplied by 100mm by a special cutting knife, so that the virgin rubber can be easily placed in an open mill shown in figure 4;
3. mixing rubber, controlling the temperature of a double roller of an open mill to be 60 ℃, controlling short fiber processing performance to be poor, adding the short fiber into the tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber in a divided manner according to a proper amount of adding principle, mixing for 5.5min to enable the short fiber to be uniformly and orderly dispersed in a rubber matrix, adding ZDMA and NaSA into the tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber in the next step, mixing for 4.5min to improve the comprehensive mechanical property of the tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber, finally adding BIBP, TAIC and HVA-2 into the tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber, mixing for 2.5min to complete primary vulcanization of rubber materials, then carrying out open milling and calendering on the mixed tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber, and adjusting the roller distance to be minimum, and packaging the mixed rubber into triangular bags for 6 times; then adjusting the roller spacing to 1.5mm, rolling the rubber material to remove air bubbles in the rubber material, then discharging the rubber material to obtain uniformly mixed tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber, and mixing to enable the viscoelastic material to obtain optimal physical property, damping property and aging resistance;
4. and (3) testing the rubber performance: the vulcanization characteristic is tested according to the standard ASTM-D-2084-07, and the vulcanization test result shows that the viscoelastic sandwich material with the components in parts by mass meets the requirements of a high-temperature co-curing process. FIG. 5 is a vulcanization curve of the tested viscoelastic sandwich material at 230 ℃, wherein the scorching time of vulcanized rubber is 0.4min, the vulcanization time reaching 50% torque is 0.8min, the vulcanization time reaching 90% torque is 2min, and the rubber material is not returned after being vulcanized for 60min, which indicates that the viscoelastic sandwich material has good aging resistance; maximum torque is 140n.m; the torque fluctuation range is 3N.m-140N.m, and the high-temperature co-curing requirement of the co-curing large-damping composite material for aerospace can be met. And vulcanizing the rubber compound for 2min at 175 ℃ by using a flat vulcanizing machine to obtain a strong test piece with the thickness of 2mm, and cutting the test piece into a standard tensile sample by using a special cutter. And then putting the FKM vulcanized in the one step into a hot air aging oven for vulcanizing in two steps, wherein the vulcanizing temperature is 230 ℃, the vulcanizing pressure is normal pressure, and the vulcanizing time is 6h. The equipment used in the invention is a high-speed rail universal material testing machine, and the tensile property test can be carried out according to the standard GB/T528-2009 to obtain the tensile strength of the tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber at different temperatures shown in figure 6. The damping performance of the rubber is performed on a dynamic thermodynamic performance tester Q800 of TA company in America, the test standard is GB/T529-2008, and a change curve of a damping loss factor of the tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber along with the temperature is shown in figure 7.
6. And (3) modulation of damping mortar:
(1) Adjusting the roller spacing of an open mill to be minimum, thinly passing the uniformly mixed rubber material through the sheet for 6 times, and then cutting the sheet into pieces of 3mm multiplied by 3 mm;
(2) Mixing the rubber compound fragments with a polar tetrahydrofuran organic solvent according to the proportion of 1g: preparing a damping mucilage solution according to the proportion of 4ml;
(3) Dissolving weighed rubber compound fragments in an organic solvent in a beaker, uniformly stirring, placing the mixture in a cool place at room temperature, sealing and standing for 24 hours, opening a sealing bag, and continuously stirring by using a glass rod until the rubber compound is uniformly dissolved in the organic solvent;
7. preparing a high-temperature-resistant high-mechanical-property large-damping sandwich composite material:
(1) Firstly, taking the bismaleimide resin carbon fiber prepreg out of a refrigeration house in advance, and placing the bismaleimide resin carbon fiber prepreg at room temperature for 12 hours to remove the temperature stress of the material so as to enable the prepreg to be in an optimal state;
(2) The sandwich material is uniformly brushed on the surface of the prepreg by adopting a double-sided brushing process to prepare the prepreg with the damping film, the concentration of the damping mucilage is determined, the test result shows that the thickness of the damping layer brushed once is 0.025mm, and the total thickness of the damping layer can be determined by brushing times after each layer is brushed, airing the layer in a ventilated and cool place and continuously brushing a second layer. The double-side brushing process is that damping mucilage is respectively brushed on the surfaces of two pieces of prepreg, and then the surfaces of the two pieces of prepreg, which are embedded with the sandwich material, are aligned according to the fiber laying direction, so that the sandwich material is positioned in a neutral layer;
(3) Embedding the prepreg with the damping film into the composite prepreg as a neutral layer, paving the whole composite material according to a preset paving sequence, placing the whole composite material on a mold paved with demolding cloth and a spiral tube, sealing and vacuumizing a vacuum bag, placing the vacuum bag and the vacuum bag into an autoclave together, and completing co-curing of the whole structure according to a specific co-curing process to finally obtain the high-temperature-resistant and high-mechanical-property large-damping sandwich composite material.
Composite plates of different thicknesses were prepared, the total thicknesses of test pieces 1 to 5 were 2mm,2.1mm,2.2mm,2.3mm and 2.4mm, respectively, and the thicknesses of the damping films of test pieces 1 to 5 were 0mm,0.1mm,0.2mm,0.3mm and 0.4mm, respectively.
The specific co-curing curve is shown in FIG. 8, and the co-curing conditions are that the temperature is raised to 230 ℃ through 1.5 ℃/min, then the pressure is increased to 3Mpa, the temperature is kept at 230 ℃ for 6h, and then the temperature is reduced to room temperature through 1.5 ℃/min and the pot is taken out under normal pressure.
8. And (3) interface shear strength test: as shown in fig. 9, according to the standard GB/T357-1982, a tensile shear peel test is performed on a high-speed rail tensile testing machine to obtain the maximum shear force of the damping composite material, and the maximum interfacial shear strength of the damping composite material can be obtained after data processing, specifically as shown in fig. 10, the shear strength is above 8Mpa, and at the same time, the fracture surface occurs in the sandwich material of the neutral layer, which indicates that the sandwich material and the composite material have completed co-curing, and the composite structure has excellent mechanical properties; the high-temperature-resistant high-mechanical-property large-damping sandwich composite material has excellent interface bonding property.
9. And (3) testing the damping performance: and testing the relative damping coefficient of the large-damping composite material test piece by utilizing a free vibration attenuation experiment according to the standard ASTM E756-05, and further solving the loss factor of the material. FIG. 11 is a graph of the free vibration attenuation of a co-cured composite beam, showing clearly that the greater the damping of the composite as the thickness of the damping film embedded in the composite increases. The loss factors of the test pieces 1 to 5 were respectively 2.15%, 2.75%, 3.80%, 4.10% and 4.25%, and the loss factors of the test pieces 2 to 5 were respectively improved by 27.91%, 76.74%, 90.70% and 97.67% as compared with the test piece 1. The embedding of the sandwich material greatly improves the damping performance of the composite material. The high-temperature-resistant high-mechanical-property large-damping sandwich composite material designed by the invention has excellent damping property and high utilization value.
Example 2
1. The viscoelastic sandwich material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 90 parts of tetrapropylene fluororubber; 4 parts of a cross-linking agent TAIC; 2 parts of vulcanization auxiliary agent HVA-2; 1 part of vulcanizing agent BIBP; 30 parts of ZDMA; 1 part of an activator NASA; and 10 parts of short fibers.
2. Cutting the virgin rubber, namely cutting the tetrapropylene fluoride rubber into rubber strips with the sizes of 30mm multiplied by 20mm multiplied by 100mm by a special cutting knife, so that the virgin rubber can be easily placed in an open mill shown in figure 4;
3. mixing rubber, controlling the temperature of a double roller of an open mill at 50 ℃, controlling the processing performance of short fiber at poor, adding the short fiber into the tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber by times according to a proper amount of addition principle and mixing for 5min to enable the short fiber to be uniformly and orderly dispersed in a rubber matrix, adding ZDMA and NaSA into the tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber for mixing for 4min to improve the comprehensive mechanical property of the tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber, finally adding BIBP, TAIC and HVA-2 into the tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber for mixing for 2min to complete the primary vulcanization of rubber material, then carrying out open milling and calendering on the mixed tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber, and adjusting the roller distance to be minimum to make the mixed rubber into triangular bags for 6 times; and then adjusting the roller distance to 1.5mm, rolling the rubber material to remove air bubbles in the rubber material, then discharging the rubber material to obtain uniformly mixed tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber, and mixing to enable the viscoelastic material to obtain the optimal physical property, damping property and aging resistance.
4. And (3) modulation of damping mortar:
(1) Adjusting the roll spacing of an open mill to be minimum, passing the uniformly mixed rubber material through the mill for 5 times to form a sheet, and then cutting the sheet into pieces of 3mm multiplied by 3 mm;
(2) Mixing the rubber compound fragments with a polar tetrahydrofuran organic solvent according to the proportion of 1g: preparing a damping mucilage solution according to the proportion of 4ml;
(3) Dissolving weighed rubber compound fragments in an organic solvent in a beaker, uniformly stirring, placing the mixture in a cool place at room temperature, sealing and standing for 24 hours, opening a sealing bag, and continuously stirring by using a glass rod until the rubber compound is uniformly dissolved in the organic solvent;
5. preparing a high-temperature-resistant high-mechanical-property large-damping sandwich composite material:
(1) Firstly, taking the bismaleimide resin carbon fiber prepreg out of a refrigeration house in advance, and placing the bismaleimide resin carbon fiber prepreg at room temperature for 12 hours to remove the temperature stress of the material so as to enable the prepreg to be in an optimal state;
(2) The sandwich material is uniformly brushed on the surface of the prepreg by adopting a double-sided brushing process to prepare the prepreg with the damping film, the concentration of the damping mucilage is determined, the test result shows that the thickness of the damping layer brushed once is 0.025mm, and the total thickness of the damping layer can be determined by brushing times after each layer is brushed, airing the layer in a ventilated and cool place and continuously brushing a second layer. The double-side brushing process is that damping mucilage is respectively brushed on the surfaces of two pieces of prepreg, and then the surfaces of the two pieces of prepreg, which are embedded with the sandwich material, are aligned according to the fiber laying direction, so that the sandwich material is positioned in a neutral layer;
(3) Embedding the prepreg with the damping film into the composite prepreg as a neutral layer, paving the whole composite material according to a preset paving sequence, placing the whole composite material on a mold paved with demolding cloth and a spiral tube, sealing and vacuumizing a vacuum bag, placing the vacuum bag and the vacuum bag into an autoclave together, and completing co-curing of the whole structure according to a specific co-curing process to finally obtain the high-temperature-resistant and high-mechanical-property large-damping sandwich composite material.
Example 3
1. The viscoelastic sandwich material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 110 parts of tetrapropylene fluoride rubber; 6 parts of a cross-linking agent TAIC; 2 parts of vulcanization auxiliary agent HVA-2; 1.5 parts of vulcanizing agent BIBP; 50 parts of ZDMA; 2 parts of an activating agent NASA; and 20 parts of short fibers.
2. Cutting the virgin rubber, namely cutting the tetrapropylene fluoride rubber into rubber strips with the sizes of 30mm multiplied by 20mm multiplied by 100mm by a special cutting knife, so that the virgin rubber can be easily placed in an open mill shown in figure 4;
3. mixing rubber, controlling the temperature of a double roller of an open mill at 70 ℃, controlling short fiber processing performance to be poor, adding the short fiber into the tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber in batches according to a proper adding principle and mixing for 6min to enable the short fiber to be uniformly and orderly dispersed in a rubber matrix, next, adding ZDMA and NaSA into the tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber and mixing for 5min to improve the comprehensive mechanical property of the tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber, finally adding BIBP, TAIC and HVA-2 into the tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber and mixing for 3min to complete preliminary vulcanization of rubber materials, then carrying out open rolling on the mixed tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber, and simultaneously adjusting the roller distance to be minimum to pack the mixed rubber into triangular bags for 6 times; and then adjusting the roller distance to 1.5mm, rolling the rubber material to remove air bubbles in the rubber material, then discharging the rubber material to obtain uniformly mixed tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber, and mixing to enable the viscoelastic material to obtain the optimal physical property, damping property and aging resistance.
4. And (3) modulation of damping mortar:
(1) Adjusting the roll spacing of an open mill to be minimum, passing the uniformly mixed rubber through the mill for 6 times to form a sheet, and cutting the sheet into 3mm multiplied by 3mm fragments;
(2) Mixing the rubber compound fragments with a polar tetrahydrofuran organic solvent according to the proportion of 1g: preparing a damping mucilage solution according to the proportion of 4ml;
(3) Dissolving weighed rubber compound fragments in an organic solvent in a beaker, uniformly stirring, placing the mixture in a cool place at room temperature, sealing and standing for 24 hours, opening a sealing bag, and continuously stirring by using a glass rod until the rubber compound is uniformly dissolved in the organic solvent;
5. preparing a high-temperature-resistant high-mechanical-property large-damping sandwich composite material:
(1) Firstly, taking the bismaleimide resin carbon fiber prepreg out of a refrigeration house in advance, and placing the bismaleimide resin carbon fiber prepreg at room temperature for 12 hours to remove the temperature stress of the material so as to enable the prepreg to be in an optimal state;
(2) The sandwich material is uniformly brushed on the surface of the prepreg by adopting a double-sided brushing process to prepare the prepreg with the damping film, the concentration of the damping mucilage is determined, the test result shows that the thickness of the damping layer brushed once is 0.025mm, and the total thickness of the damping layer can be determined by brushing times after each layer is brushed, airing the layer in a ventilated and cool place and continuously brushing a second layer. The double-side brushing process is that damping mucilage is respectively brushed on the surfaces of two pieces of prepreg, and then the surfaces of the two pieces of prepreg, which are embedded with the sandwich material, are aligned according to the fiber laying direction, so that the sandwich material is positioned in a neutral layer;
(3) Embedding the prepreg with the damping film into the composite prepreg as a neutral layer, finishing the laying of the whole composite material according to a preset laying sequence, putting the whole composite material on a mold paved with demolding cloth and a spiral pipe, sealing and vacuumizing a vacuum bag, putting the vacuum bag into an autoclave together, finishing the co-curing of the whole structure according to a specific co-curing process, and finally obtaining the high-temperature-resistant and high-mechanical-property large-damping sandwich composite material.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (12)

1. The large-damping sandwich composite material is characterized in that a carbon fiber prepreg is embedded into a bismaleimide resin-based composite material as a neutral layer, and the surface of the carbon fiber prepreg is provided with viscoelastic sandwich materials with different thicknesses;
the viscoelastic sandwich material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber; 5 parts of a cross-linking agent TAIC; 2 parts of vulcanization auxiliary agent HVA-2; 1.2 parts of vulcanizing agent BIBP; 40 parts of ZDMA; 1.5 parts of activator NaSA; 15 parts of short fibers;
or the viscoelastic sandwich material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 90 parts of tetrapropylene fluororubber; 4 parts of a cross-linking agent TAIC; 2 parts of vulcanization auxiliary agent HVA-2; 1 part of vulcanizing agent BIBP; 30 parts of ZDMA; 1 part of activating agent NaSA; 10 parts of short fibers;
or the viscoelastic sandwich material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 110 parts of tetrapropylene fluoride rubber; 6 parts of a cross-linking agent TAIC; 2 parts of vulcanization auxiliary agent HVA-2; 1.5 parts of vulcanizing agent BIBP; 50 parts of ZDMA; 2 parts of an activating agent NaSA; 20 parts of short fibers;
the preparation method of the large-damping sandwich composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a viscoelastic sandwich material;
(2) Modulation of damping mortar;
(3) And (3) preparing the large-damping sandwich composite material.
2. The preparation method of the high-damping sandwich composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a viscoelastic sandwich material;
(2) Modulation of damping mortar;
(3) And (3) preparing the large-damping sandwich composite material.
3. The method for preparing a high damping sandwich composite material according to claim 2, wherein the viscoelasticity in step (1)
The preparation method of the sandwich material comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, cutting the tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber into rubber strips, and performing rubber breaking, plastication and thin-passing on the tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber;
(2) Mixing the tetrapropylene fluoride rubber: controlling the temperature of a double roller of an open mill to be 50-70 ℃, adding short fibers into the tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber in batches, mixing for 5-6min to enable the short fibers to be uniformly and orderly dispersed in a rubber matrix, then adding ZDMA and NaSA into the tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber, mixing for 4-5min, finally adding BIBP, TAIC and HVA-2 into the tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber, mixing for 2-3min to complete primary vulcanization of rubber materials, then carrying out open milling and calendering on the mixed tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber, simultaneously carrying out triangular wrapping on the mixed rubber, then rolling the rubber materials to remove air bubbles in the rubber materials, and finally carrying out sheet discharging to obtain the uniformly mixed tetrapropylene fluorocarbon rubber.
4. The preparation method of the large damping sandwich composite material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step (2) of preparing the damping mortar comprises the steps of:
(1) The uniformly mixed tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber is thinly led out of the sheet, and then the sheet is cut into fragments;
(2) Preparing damping rubber cement solution by mixing the rubber compound fragments with an organic solvent according to a certain proportion;
(3) And dissolving weighed rubber compound fragments in an organic solvent, uniformly stirring, placing in a cool place at room temperature for sealing and standing, opening a sealing bag, and continuously stirring by using a glass rod until the damping sandwich material is uniformly dissolved in the organic solvent to obtain a uniform damping rubber cement solution.
5. The method for preparing a high damping sandwich composite material according to claim 2, wherein the step (3) of preparing the high damping sandwich composite material comprises the steps of:
(1) The composite material prepreg is taken out from a refrigeration house in advance and placed at room temperature to remove the temperature stress of the material;
(2) Uniformly brushing the sandwich material on the surface of the carbon fiber prepreg by adopting a double-sided brushing process to prepare the prepreg with damping films with different thicknesses;
(3) The carbon fiber prepreg with damping films of different thicknesses is used as a neutral layer to be embedded into the bismaleimide resin based composite prepreg, the whole composite material is paved according to a preset paving sequence, then the whole composite material is placed on a mold paved with demolding cloth and a spiral tube, the mold is vacuumized, and then the co-curing of the whole structure is completed according to a co-curing process, so that the large-damping sandwich composite material is finally obtained.
6. The preparation method of the high-damping sandwich composite material according to claim 5, wherein the composite material prepreg is bismaleimide resin-based carbon fiber prepreg.
7. The preparation method of the large damping sandwich composite material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the set parameters of the open mill in the preparation method in the step (2) are as follows: the initial mixing temperature is 60 ℃, and the rotor speed of the open mill is 40 r/min.
8. The method for preparing a high damping sandwich composite material according to claim 4, wherein the organic solvent in step (2) is tetrahydrofuran.
9. The preparation method of the large-damping sandwich composite material as claimed in claim 8, wherein the ratio of the rubber compound fragments to the organic solvent is 1g:4 ml.
10. The preparation method of the high-damping sandwich composite material according to claim 5, wherein the double-sided brush coating process in the step (2) comprises the steps of respectively brushing damping adhesive cement on the surfaces of the two sheets of prepreg, and aligning the surfaces of the two sheets of prepreg embedded with the sandwich material according to the carbon fiber laying direction to enable the sandwich material to be positioned on a neutral layer.
11. The preparation method of the large damping sandwich composite material as claimed in claim 5, wherein the co-curing process conditions in step (3) are that the temperature is raised to 230 ℃ through 1.5 ℃/min, then the temperature is increased to 3MPa, the temperature is kept at 230 ℃ for 6h, and then the temperature is reduced to room temperature at 1.5 ℃/min and the material is taken out of the tank under normal pressure.
12. The application of the large damping sandwich composite material as claimed in claim 1 or the large damping sandwich composite material prepared by the preparation method as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 11 in aerospace materials.
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