CN113997021A - Method for machining high-power high-pressure common rail camshaft - Google Patents
Method for machining high-power high-pressure common rail camshaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN113997021A CN113997021A CN202111383965.XA CN202111383965A CN113997021A CN 113997021 A CN113997021 A CN 113997021A CN 202111383965 A CN202111383965 A CN 202111383965A CN 113997021 A CN113997021 A CN 113997021A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
- B23P23/04—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass for both machining and other metal-working operations
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for processing a high-power high-pressure common rail camshaft, which comprises the following steps: blanking a forging blank, milling the total length, drilling center holes at two ends, turning reference excircles, roughly turning each excircle of a short head of a workpiece, roughly grinding the reference shaft diameter, finely milling a cam, finely turning each excircle of a long head end, rolling threads, cleaning the workpiece, carrying out heat treatment, finely grinding the reference shaft diameter at two ends, finely grinding the cam, finely turning the excircles, end surfaces, bosses/annular grooves, printing marks, comprehensively inspecting, cleaning, packaging and warehousing. The invention provides the processing method of the high-power high-pressure common rail camshaft, which has the advantages of convenience in detection, stability in clamping, good supporting and stabilizing effect and high yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of camshafts, in particular to a method for machining a high-power high-pressure common rail camshaft.
Background
The camshaft is a component in a piston engine. Its function is to control the opening and closing action of the valve. Although the rotational speed of the camshaft is half of that of the crankshaft in a four-stroke engine (the rotational speed of the camshaft is the same as that of the crankshaft in a two-stroke engine), the rotational speed is still high and the camshaft is subjected to a large torque, so that the camshaft is required to be high in strength and support in design, and the camshaft is generally made of high-quality alloy steel or alloy steel. The existing processing production needs to measure the camshaft for a plurality of times, including the coaxiality of a main shaft and the like, the traditional method is relied on and lacks a device for measuring a workpiece, a dial indicator cannot accurately correspond to the position of the main shaft between cams after moving, and meanwhile, because the camshaft needs to carry out grinding processing for a plurality of times, the existing clamp has the following defects in the positioning of the camshaft:
1. the clamping effect is poor, the clamping position cannot be adjusted, and the practicability is reduced;
2. and meanwhile, the device cannot well support and stabilize the processed product.
3. The assembly and disassembly needs to be repositioned.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a method for processing a high-power high-pressure common rail camshaft, which has the advantages of convenience in detection, stability in clamping, good supporting and stabilizing effects and high yield.
According to one aspect of the invention, a method for machining a high-power high-pressure common rail camshaft is provided, which comprises the following steps;
step 1): blanking a forging blank;
step 2): placing the blank on a numerical control lathe, milling the total length and drilling center holes at two ends;
step 3): placing a workpiece on a numerical control lathe to turn a reference excircle;
step 4): roughly turning each excircle of the short end of the workpiece by using a numerical control lathe, and turning each excircle of the long end of the workpiece roughly turned and cutting a gear;
step 5): roughly grinding the reference shaft diameter by using a cylindrical grinder;
step 6): fixing a workpiece on a numerical control machining center by using a special fixture, and finely milling a cam by using the numerical control machining center;
step 7): finely turning each excircle of the short end of the workpiece by using a numerical control lathe, and finely turning each excircle of the long end of the workpiece;
step 8): directly rolling threads by using a steel bar thread rolling machine;
step 9): cleaning a workpiece;
step 10): carrying out heat treatment on the workpiece in a carburizing and induction quenching mode;
step 11): grinding center holes at two ends, and finely grinding the reference shaft diameters at two ends;
step 12): fixing the workpiece by using a special fixture, and finely grinding the cam;
step 13): finely turning the excircle, the end face, the boss/ring groove, chamfering the cam sheet, drilling a side oil hole, drilling and reaming a positioning pin hole, and processing a flange hole system and tapping threads at two ends of the camshaft on a numerical control processing center;
step 14): printing a mark on the camshaft on a numerical control marking machine;
step 15): comprehensively inspecting the machined workpiece;
step 16): and cleaning the qualified workpieces, packaging and warehousing. In some embodiments, the supporting and stabilizing device comprises a supporting base platform, a hydraulic cylinder is fixedly mounted at the upper end of the supporting base platform, a placement concave plate is fixedly mounted at the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder, and the supporting and stabilizing device is fixedly connected with the base through the supporting base platform.
In some embodiments, the thread is externally sleeved with a protective sleeve.
In some embodiments, the integrated assay comprises the steps of:
step 1): detecting flaws, namely detecting whether the internal flaws of the metal workpiece have stress cracks by using a flaw detector;
step 2): inspecting the coaxiality of the workpiece main shaft by using a coaxiality detector;
step 3): checking the lift of the cam by using a coaxiality detector;
step 4): and (5) appearance detection, namely detecting whether the surface of the workpiece is scratched, knocked and damaged or not.
In some embodiments, the flaw detector includes, but is not limited to, magnetic, X-ray, gamma ray, ultrasonic, etc. detection devices.
In some embodiments, the coaxiality detector comprises: support, support frame, axial displacement portion, radial movement portion, mount pad, amesdial and locating piece, the axial displacement portion of installation on the support, the vertical support frame that sets up in both ends of support, the radial displacement portion of installation on the axial displacement portion is equipped with the mount pad in the radial displacement portion, articulated locating piece on the support, the fixed centre gripping that can dismantle of amesdial is on the mount pad.
In some embodiments, the top end of the support frame is provided with a V-shaped support groove, and the bottom of the support groove is an arc groove;
the axial moving part comprises a first linear rail and a first sliding block, the first sliding block is sleeved on the first linear rail, a first locking handle is arranged on the first sliding block, and the first locking handle limits the first sliding block on the first linear rail;
the radial moving part comprises a second linear rail, a second sliding block, a first screw rod, a first nut seat, a hand wheel and a second locking handle, the second sliding block is sleeved on the second linear rail, the second sliding block is provided with the second locking handle, the second sliding block is limited on the second linear rail by the second locking handle, the first nut seat is sleeved on the first screw rod, the first screw rod is connected with the hand wheel, and the bottom of the mounting seat is fixedly connected with the second sliding block and the first nut seat.
In some embodiments, the special fixture comprises a base, wherein a supporting leg is fixedly mounted on the front side and the rear side of the left end of the base and on the front side and the rear side of the right end of the base, the supporting leg is two groups of supporting legs, a machining table is fixedly mounted on the upper end of each supporting leg, a circular groove is formed in the middle of the upper end of the machining table, a supporting and stabilizing device is arranged in the middle of the upper end of the base, a cam shaft is arranged at the upper end of the supporting and stabilizing device, a sliding rail is fixedly mounted on the rear portion of the upper end of the base, a sliding clamping device is arranged inside the sliding rail, and a clamping device is arranged in the middle of the opposite surface of each sliding clamping device.
In some embodiments, the supporting and stabilizing device comprises a supporting base platform, a hydraulic cylinder is fixedly mounted at the upper end of the supporting base platform, a placement concave plate is fixedly mounted at the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder, and the supporting and stabilizing device is fixedly connected with the base through the supporting base platform.
In some embodiments, the slip chucking device includes positive and negative threaded rod, and the right-hand member fixed mounting of positive and negative threaded rod has first positive and negative motor, and the equal threaded connection in surface left part and the surface right part of positive and negative threaded rod has a slide, and the slip chucking device passes through positive and negative threaded rod and slide rail swing joint.
In some embodiments, the clamping device comprises a movable plate, a groove is formed in the right end of the movable plate, a positive screw and a negative screw are movably inserted and connected in the groove, a second positive motor and a second negative motor are fixedly mounted at the upper end of the positive screw and the negative screw, the upper part and the lower part of the outer surface of the positive screw and the negative screw are both in threaded connection with a movable plate, and a clamping arc plate is fixedly mounted at the right end of each of the two movable plates.
In some embodiments, the clamping device and the camshaft are on the same horizontal line.
In some embodiments, the base and the processing table are maintained in a parallel positional relationship, and the diameter of the cam shaft is smaller than the inner diameter of the circular groove.
The invention improves the yield of products by increasing inspection procedures, facilitates the detection of the coaxiality of the main shaft and the lift of the cam by utilizing the coaxiality detector, can accurately measure the coaxiality of each main shaft, and is more convenient to use; through driving positive and negative screw rod rotation with the positive and negative motor of second, thereby it slides from top to bottom along positive and negative screw rod to drive two sets of movable plates, and then can in time adjust clamping position when driving two sets of tight arc boards synchronous motion of clamp, the anchor clamps practicality is improved, it rotates to drive positive and negative threaded rod through first positive and negative motor, thereby drive two sets of slide horizontal slip, and then play the clamping action to the camshaft through pressing from both sides tight arc board when driving two sets of clamping device horizontal slip, the tight effect of clamp has been improved, through placing the camshaft in placing the concave plate, adjust the position of camshaft when flexible through the pneumatic cylinder, can play good support firm effect to the camshaft.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a special fixture for the high-power high-pressure common rail camshaft machining method of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a supporting and stabilizing device of the method for processing the high-power high-pressure common rail camshaft of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a sliding clamping device of the method for processing the high-power high-pressure common rail camshaft according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a clamping device for the method for machining the high-power high-pressure common rail camshaft according to the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a coaxiality detector of the high-power high-pressure common rail camshaft machining method of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a left side view of the coaxiality detector of the method for machining the high-power high-pressure common rail camshaft according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, but it should be understood that these embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art should understand that equivalent changes or substitutions in function, method or structure according to the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, mechanically or electrically connected, or interconnected between two elements, directly or indirectly through intervening media, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to their specific situation.
The invention discloses a method for processing a high-power high-pressure common rail camshaft, which comprises the following steps of;
step 1): blanking a forging blank;
step 2): placing the blank on a numerical control lathe, milling the total length and drilling center holes at two ends;
step 3): placing a workpiece on a numerical control lathe to turn a reference excircle;
step 4): roughly turning each excircle of the short end of the workpiece by using a numerical control lathe, and turning each excircle of the long end of the workpiece roughly turned and cutting a gear;
step 5): roughly grinding the reference shaft diameter by using a cylindrical grinder;
step 6): fixing a workpiece on a numerical control machining center by using a special fixture, and finely milling a cam by using the numerical control machining center;
step 7): finely turning each excircle of the short end of the workpiece by using a numerical control lathe, and finely turning each excircle of the long end of the workpiece;
step 8): directly rolling threads by using a steel bar thread rolling machine;
step 9): cleaning a workpiece;
step 10): carrying out heat treatment on the workpiece in a carburizing and induction quenching mode;
step 11): grinding center holes at two ends, and finely grinding the reference shaft diameters at two ends;
step 12): fixing the workpiece by using a special fixture, and finely grinding the cam;
step 13): finely turning the excircle, the end face and a boss/ring groove (4) of the camshaft on a numerical control machining center, chamfering a cam sheet, drilling a side oil hole, drilling and hinging a positioning pin hole, and machining a flange hole system and tapping threads at two ends;
step 14): printing a mark on the camshaft on a numerical control marking machine;
step 15): comprehensively inspecting the machined workpiece;
step 16): and cleaning the qualified workpieces, packaging and warehousing. In some embodiments, the supporting and stabilizing device comprises a supporting base platform, a hydraulic cylinder is fixedly mounted at the upper end of the supporting base platform, a placement concave plate is fixedly mounted at the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder, and the supporting and stabilizing device is fixedly connected with the base through the supporting base platform. The finished product rate of products is improved by increasing inspection procedures, the coaxiality of the main shafts and the lift range of the cam are conveniently detected by using the coaxiality detector, the coaxiality of each main shaft can be accurately measured, and the use is more convenient; through driving positive and negative screw rod rotation with the positive and negative motor of second, thereby it slides from top to bottom along positive and negative screw rod to drive two sets of movable plates, and then can in time adjust clamping position when driving two sets of tight arc boards synchronous motion of clamp, the anchor clamps practicality is improved, it rotates to drive positive and negative threaded rod through first positive and negative motor, thereby drive two sets of slide horizontal slip, and then play the clamping action to the camshaft through pressing from both sides tight arc board when driving two sets of clamping device horizontal slip, the tight effect of clamp has been improved, through placing the camshaft in placing the concave plate, adjust the position of camshaft when flexible through the pneumatic cylinder, can play good support firm effect to the camshaft.
The outer side of the thread is sleeved with a protective sleeve. The protective sleeve is used for protecting the threads, so that the threads are prevented from being damaged in the machining and transferring process.
The comprehensive inspection comprises the following steps:
step 1): detecting flaws, namely detecting whether the internal flaws of the metal workpiece have stress cracks by using a flaw detector;
step 2): inspecting the coaxiality of the workpiece main shaft by using a coaxiality detector;
step 3): checking the lift of the cam by using a coaxiality detector;
step 4): and (5) appearance detection, namely detecting whether the surface of the workpiece is scratched, knocked and damaged or not.
The flaw detector includes but is not limited to magnetic, X-ray, gamma ray, ultrasonic and other detection devices. In addition to the above-mentioned detection means, ICT (Industrial computer Tomography), is the best nondestructive detection means.
The inspection to the main shaft axiality among the prior art adopts three-dimensional measuring apparatu to detect usually, and three-dimensional measuring apparatu service environment requires highly, need set up the inspection chamber alone, consequently need make a round trip to carry the camshaft work piece and inspect, and the transportation of inefficiency and camshaft can increase the risk of colliding with and improve the defective product rate.
As shown in fig. 1, special fixture, including base 1, equal fixed mounting in both sides has a supporting leg 2 around both sides and the upper end right part around the upper end left part of base 1, the common fixed mounting in upper end of two sets of supporting legs 2 has processing platform 3, circular slot 4 has been seted up at the upper end middle part of processing platform 3, base 1's upper end middle part is provided with supports securing device 5, the upper end that supports securing device 5 is provided with camshaft 6, base 1's upper end rear portion fixed mounting has slide rail 7, the inside of slide rail 7 is provided with slip chucking device 8, the opposite face middle part of two slip chucking devices 8 all is provided with a clamping device 9.
The clamping device 9 and the camshaft 6 are on the same horizontal line, and the camshaft 6 is clamped by the clamping device 9 sliding left and right.
The base 1 and the processing table 3 are kept in a parallel positional relationship. The diameter size of camshaft 6 is less than the internal diameter size of circular recess 4, plays spacing firm effect to camshaft 6 through being provided with circular recess 4.
As shown in fig. 2, the supporting and stabilizing device 5 includes a supporting base 51, a hydraulic cylinder 52 is fixedly mounted at the upper end of the supporting base 51, a concave plate 53 is fixedly mounted at the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder 52, the supporting and stabilizing device 5 is fixedly connected with the base 1 through the supporting base 51, the camshaft 6 is placed in the concave plate 53, and the position of the camshaft 6 is adjusted when the hydraulic cylinder 52 stretches and retracts, so that a good supporting and stabilizing effect can be achieved on the camshaft 6.
As shown in fig. 3, the sliding clamping device 8 comprises a positive and negative threaded rod 81, a first positive and negative motor 82 is fixedly mounted at the right end of the positive and negative threaded rod 81, a sliding plate 83 is in threaded connection with the left part of the outer surface and the right part of the outer surface of the positive and negative threaded rod 81, the sliding clamping device 8 is movably connected with the sliding rail 7 through the positive and negative threaded rod 81, the positive and negative threaded rod 81 is driven to rotate through the first positive and negative motor 82, so that two groups of sliding plates 83 are driven to slide left and right, and then two groups of clamping devices 9 are driven to slide left and right to clamp the camshaft 6.
As shown in fig. 4, the clamping device 9 includes a movable plate 91, a groove 92 is provided at the right end of the movable plate 91, a positive and negative screw 93 is movably inserted and connected in the groove 92, a second positive and negative motor 94 is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the positive and negative screw 93, a movable plate 95 is screwed on the upper portion of the outer surface of the positive and negative screw 93 and on the lower portion of the outer surface, a clamping arc plate 96 is fixedly mounted on the right end of the two movable plates 95, the positive and negative screw 93 is driven to rotate by the second positive and negative motor 94, so that the two movable plates 95 are driven to slide up and down along the positive and negative screw 93, and the clamping position can be adjusted in time when the two clamping arc plates 96 are driven to move synchronously, thereby improving the practicability of the clamp.
According to the invention, the second positive and negative motor 94 drives the positive and negative screw rods 93 to rotate, so that the two groups of moving plates 95 are driven to slide up and down along the positive and negative screw rods 93, the clamping positions can be adjusted in time when the two groups of clamping arc plates 96 are driven to synchronously move, the practicability of the clamp is improved, the positive and negative threaded rods 81 are driven to rotate through the first positive and negative motor 82, so that the two groups of sliding plates 83 are driven to slide left and right, the camshaft 6 is clamped through the clamping arc plates 96 when the two groups of clamping devices 9 are driven to slide left and right, the clamping effect is improved, the camshaft 6 is placed in the placing concave plate 53, and the position of the camshaft 6 is adjusted when the hydraulic cylinder 52 stretches out and draws back, so that the camshaft 6 can be supported and stabilized well.
As shown in fig. 4, the coaxiality detector includes: the support 201, the support frame 202, the axial displacement portion 203, the radial movement portion 204, the mount pad 205, the amesdial 206 and the locating piece 207, installation axial displacement portion 203 on the support 201, the vertical support frame 202 that sets up in both ends of support 201, installation radial displacement portion 204 on the axial displacement portion 203, be equipped with the mount pad 205 on the radial displacement portion 204, articulated locating piece 207 on the support 201, the fixed centre gripping that can dismantle of amesdial 206 is on the mount pad 205. Is arranged between the axial moving part 203 and the support 202, can be erected on the surface of the bracket 201 and can rotate with the surface of the bracket 201, and can also fix the position of the positioning block 207 by using a lock nut after rotating to a preset position. When in use, the dial indicator 206 is arranged on the mounting seat 205, the gauge head is in contact with the surface of a workpiece, the positioning block 207 is erected and rotated to be in contact with the front end of the mounting seat 205, and the workpiece is rotated to be measured and recorded at the position where the positioning block 207 is locked; then the handwheel 216 is rotated to separate the gauge outfit from the workpiece to the highest point far away from the surface of the workpiece, then the radial moving part 204 is pushed to a preset position along the axial moving part 203, the first sliding block 210 is locked, and then the handwheel 216 is used for moving the mounting seat 205 to contact with the positioning block 207, so as to measure the main shaft of the workpiece. Because the coaxiality of the spindle of the chamber workpiece needs to be measured, the support frame 202 of the workpiece and the first line rail 209 need to be ensured to be in a parallel state, and the position detected by the spindle each time is determined, so that the coaxiality of the workpiece is detected.
The top end of the support frame 202 is provided with a V-shaped support groove 208, and the bottom of the support groove 208 is an arc groove; of course, high molecular polymer can be adhered in the arc groove to prevent abrasion when the camshaft is rotated.
The axial moving part 203 comprises a first wire track 209 and a first sliding block 210, the first sliding block 210 is sleeved on the first wire track 209, a first locking handle 211 is arranged on the first sliding block 210, and the first sliding block 210 is limited on the first wire track 209 by the first locking handle 211; the first slide block 210 moves on the first linear rail 209 to drive the dial indicator 206 to slide to a position to be detected in a parallel state.
The radial moving part 204 comprises a second linear rail 212, a second sliding block 213, a first screw rod 214, a first nut seat 215, a hand wheel 216 and a second locking handle 217, the second sliding block 213 is sleeved on the second linear rail 212, the second sliding block 213 is provided with the second locking handle 217, the second sliding block 213 is limited on the second linear rail 212 by the second locking handle 217, the first nut seat 215 is sleeved on the first screw rod 214, the first screw rod 214 is connected with the hand wheel 216, and the bottom of the mounting seat 205 is fixedly connected with the second sliding block 213 and the first nut seat 215. The fitting seat 205 is driven by the matching of the handwheel 216 and the first lead screw 214 to move along the second linear rail 212, so that the dial indicator 206 is in contact with the workpiece to be measured, the position of the workpiece spindle measured by the dial indicator 206 each time is determined by the positioning block 207, and the coaxiality conclusion of each spindle is obtained through data comparison.
The foregoing describes only some embodiments of the present invention and modifications and variations thereof will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The processing method of the high-power high-pressure common rail camshaft is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1): blanking a forging blank;
step 2): placing the blank on a numerical control lathe, milling the total length and drilling center holes at two ends;
step 3): placing a workpiece on a numerical control lathe to turn a reference excircle;
step 4): roughly turning each excircle of the short end of the workpiece by using a numerical control lathe, and turning each excircle of the long end of the workpiece roughly turned and cutting a gear;
step 5): roughly grinding the reference shaft diameter by using a cylindrical grinder;
step 6): fixing a workpiece on a numerical control machining center by using a special fixture, and finely milling a cam by using the numerical control machining center;
step 7): finely turning each excircle of the short end of the workpiece by using a numerical control lathe, and finely turning each excircle of the long end of the workpiece;
step 8): directly rolling threads by using a steel bar thread rolling machine;
step 9): cleaning a workpiece;
step 10): carrying out heat treatment on the workpiece in a carburizing and induction quenching mode;
step 11): grinding center holes at two ends, and finely grinding the reference shaft diameters at two ends;
step 12): fixing the workpiece by using a special fixture, and finely grinding the cam;
step 13): finely turning the excircle, the end face, the boss/ring groove, chamfering the cam sheet, drilling a side oil hole, drilling and reaming a positioning pin hole, and processing a flange hole system and tapping threads at two ends of the camshaft on a numerical control processing center;
step 14): printing a mark on the camshaft on a numerical control marking machine;
step 15): comprehensively inspecting the machined workpiece;
step 16): and cleaning the qualified workpieces, packaging and warehousing.
2. The machining method for the high-power high-pressure common rail camshaft is characterized in that a protective sleeve is sleeved on the outer side of the thread.
3. The machining method for the high-power high-pressure common rail camshaft according to claim 1, wherein the comprehensive inspection comprises the following steps:
step 1): detecting flaws, namely detecting whether the internal flaws of the metal workpiece have stress cracks by using a flaw detector;
step 2): inspecting the coaxiality of the workpiece main shaft by using a coaxiality detector;
step 3): checking the lift of the cam by using a coaxiality detector;
step 4): and (5) appearance detection, namely detecting whether the surface of the workpiece is scratched, knocked and damaged or not.
4. The high-power high-pressure common rail camshaft machining method according to claim 3, wherein the flaw detector comprises but is not limited to magnetic, X-ray, gamma ray and ultrasonic detection equipment.
5. The high-power high-pressure common rail camshaft machining method according to claim 3, wherein the coaxiality detector comprises: the novel micrometer positioning device comprises a support, support frames, an axial moving portion, a radial moving portion, a mounting seat, a dial indicator and a positioning block, wherein the axial moving portion is mounted on the support frames, the support frames are vertically arranged at two ends of the support frames, the radial moving portion is mounted on the axial moving portion, the mounting seat is arranged on the radial moving portion, the positioning block is hinged to the support frame, and the dial indicator is fixed and can be detachably clamped on the mounting seat.
6. The machining method for the high-power high-pressure common rail camshaft comprises the steps of according to claim 5, wherein a V-shaped supporting groove is formed in the top end of the supporting frame, and the bottom of the supporting groove is an arc groove;
the axial moving part comprises a first linear rail and a first sliding block, the first sliding block is sleeved on the first linear rail, a first locking handle is arranged on the first sliding block, and the first locking handle limits the first sliding block on the first linear rail;
the radial moving part comprises a second line rail, a second sliding block, a first screw rod, a first nut seat, a hand wheel and a second locking handle, the second sliding block is sleeved on the second line rail, the second locking handle is arranged on the second sliding block, the second locking handle limits the second sliding block on the second line rail, the first nut seat is sleeved on the first screw rod, the hand wheel is connected with the first screw rod, and the bottom of the mounting seat is fixedly connected with the second sliding block and the first nut seat.
7. The machining method of the high-power high-pressure common rail cam shaft according to claim 1, wherein the special fixture comprises a base, one supporting leg is fixedly mounted on each of the front and rear sides of the left portion of the upper end of the base and the front and rear sides of the right portion of the upper end of the base, a machining table is fixedly mounted on the upper ends of the two groups of supporting legs together, a circular groove is formed in the middle of the upper end of the machining table, a supporting and stabilizing device is arranged in the middle of the upper end of the base, the cam shaft is arranged at the upper end of the supporting and stabilizing device, a sliding rail is fixedly mounted on the rear portion of the upper end of the base, a sliding clamping device is arranged inside the sliding rail, and a clamping device is arranged in the middle of the opposite surfaces of the two sliding clamping devices.
8. The machining method for the high-power high-pressure common rail camshaft of claim 7, wherein the supporting and stabilizing device comprises a supporting base platform, a hydraulic cylinder is fixedly mounted at the upper end of the supporting base platform, a concave placing plate is fixedly mounted at the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder, and the supporting and stabilizing device is fixedly connected with the base through the supporting base platform.
9. The machining method of the high-power high-pressure common rail camshaft according to claim 7, wherein the sliding clamping device comprises a positive and negative threaded rod, a first positive and negative motor is fixedly installed at the right end of the positive and negative threaded rod, a sliding plate is in threaded connection with the left part and the right part of the outer surface of the positive and negative threaded rod, and the sliding clamping device is movably connected with the sliding rail through the positive and negative threaded rod;
the clamping device comprises a movable plate, a groove is formed in the right end of the movable plate, a positive screw and a negative screw are movably inserted and connected in the groove, a second positive and negative motor is fixedly mounted at the upper end of the positive and negative screw, a movable plate is in threaded connection with the upper portion of the outer surface and the lower portion of the outer surface of the positive and negative screw, and a clamping arc plate is fixedly mounted at the right end of the movable plate.
10. The method for machining the high-power high-pressure common rail cam shaft according to claim 1, wherein the clamping device and the cam shaft are positioned on the same horizontal line, the base and the machining table are kept in a parallel position, and the diameter of the cam shaft is smaller than the inner diameter of the circular groove.
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