CN117697330A - Machining method of large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder - Google Patents
Machining method of large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder Download PDFInfo
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- CN117697330A CN117697330A CN202311569943.1A CN202311569943A CN117697330A CN 117697330 A CN117697330 A CN 117697330A CN 202311569943 A CN202311569943 A CN 202311569943A CN 117697330 A CN117697330 A CN 117697330A
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract 7
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a processing method of a large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder, which solves the problem of deformation generated in the processing process of the large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder by utilizing a plurality of special fixtures in different working procedures and solves the difficult problem of processing a high-precision deep hole by utilizing a deep hole three-jaw adjustable vibration reduction milling cutter. The machining precision of the large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder part is guaranteed, the machining process of the large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder part is innovatively designed in different machining stages, the machining of the large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder part with the thickness of 1.9 mm is realized by adopting various clamps and three-jaw adjustable vibration reduction type boring cutter structures, and the problem that parts are scrapped due to deformation of the large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder part is solved. The large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder part with the wall thickness of 1.5-6 mm can be processed, the dimensional tolerance is within 0.15mm, and the shape and position tolerance can be ensured to be within 0.15 mm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and particularly relates to a machining method of a large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder, in particular to a machining method of a large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder with the thickness of 1.9 mm.
Background
At present, aiming at the processing method of large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder parts, turning is adopted for single-piece small-batch processing until the size of finished products, but the workpiece is easy to deform under the action of factors such as cutting force, clamping force, internal stress and the like, the requirements of drawings cannot be met, and finally, the workpiece is scrapped out of tolerance and cannot be used.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a processing method of a large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder, which aims to solve the technical problems that: solves the problem that the part is scrapped due to overlarge deformation generated in the processing process of the large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder part.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a processing method of a large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, blanking;
s2, roughly turning the outer diameter, end surfaces at two ends and an inner hole of the workpiece;
s3, clamping a workpiece between a main shaft end compression sleeve and a center end axial compression sleeve, axially compressing the workpiece, and then double-top turning threads and conical surfaces at two ends of the outer diameter of the workpiece (2), wherein the threads are used for being connected with internal threads of a locking cap, and the conical surfaces are used for being matched with the internal cones of the conical sleeves; the key grooves at two ends of the workpiece are machined by using a lathe milling groove device, the workpiece (2) is firstly fixed on a lathe during machining, and a lathe spindle is adjusted to a low-grade position, so that the workpiece (2) is ensured not to rotate; fixing a lathe milling groove device on a lathe small slide plate to enable the center of a milling cutter (3) to coincide with the center of a workpiece (2); rotating the small lathe slide plate to enable the moving track of the small lathe slide plate to be parallel to the conical surface of the workpiece (2); moving the middle sliding plate to enable the milling cutter (3) to be in contact with the workpiece (2), and cutting a key slot parallel to the conical surface through multiple times of feeding;
s4, placing Fang Jian (13) in key grooves on the left and right sides of the workpiece, and sleeving a taper sleeve I (12) and a taper sleeve II (14) on the left and right sides respectively; the back cap I (11) and the back cap II (15) are screwed into the workpiece through two ends of the screw thread respectively, and are fixed in a screwing manner, so that the taper sleeve I (12) and the taper sleeve II (14) are firmly fixed with the workpiece through Fang Jian (13); finishing turning of the outer diameter of the taper sleeve in one clamping process, enabling the outer diameter sizes of the taper sleeves at two ends of a workpiece to be consistent, turning the outer diameter of the workpiece between the two taper sleeves, and ensuring coaxiality of the outer diameter of the workpiece and the outer diameter of the taper sleeve;
s5, half finish turning is performed on the inner hole, and then the inner hole is finish turned through a three-jaw adjustable vibration reduction boring cutter;
the three-jaw adjustable vibration reduction boring cutter mainly comprises a size adjustment locking ring (22), a boring cutter (23), a clamping jaw body (24), an adjustable three-jaw chuck (25), a damping vibration reduction cutter bar (26) and a flange plate (29);
the flange plate (29), the adjustable three-jaw chuck (25), the clamping jaw body (24) and the size-adjusting locking ring (22) are sequentially arranged on the damping vibration attenuation cutter bar (26), the clamping jaw body (24) is arranged on the end face of the adjustable three-jaw chuck (25), the boring cutter (23) and the bakelite vibration attenuation device (28) are fixed on the clamping jaw body (24), and the outer diameter of the bakelite vibration attenuation device (28) is larger than that of the boring cutter (23);
before finish turning the inner hole, a main shaft supporting and positioning mould is arranged in a main shaft taper hole, a rolling bearing (18) is arranged on a supporting and positioning mould (17), one end of a damping vibration attenuation cutter bar (26) is fastened and positioned with an opening round clamping cutter holder, and the other end of the damping vibration attenuation cutter bar penetrates through a workpiece to be connected with the rolling bearing in a sliding manner;
firstly, accurately adjusting the extending accurate position of a boring cutter (23) on a clamping jaw body (24) and ensuring the consistent extending length; accurately measuring the cutting size of a boring cutter (23) on a clamping jaw body (24), and after the cutting size is determined, clamping a size adjustment locking ring (22) on the inner side of the clamping jaw body (24) to keep a certain gap between the boring cutter (23) and an inner hole of a workpiece; during processing, the cutting amount of the cutter is controlled to be 0.3-0.45 mm, the cutting amount of the last boring is controlled to be 0.2-0.35 mm, the revolution is 60-80 r/min, and the feeding amount F=0.35-0.5 mm/r;
s6, clamping the workpiece on a thin-wall workpiece finish turning outer diameter clamp, and finishing the outer diameter, wherein the cutting tool feeding amount is 1-1.5 mm, and the feeding amount is 0.15-0.2 mm/rotation;
the thin-wall workpiece finish turning outer diameter clamp comprises a long mandrel (38), a left screwing sleeve (34), a semicircular soft rubber supporting ring (42), an aluminum supporting ring (33) and a right screwing sleeve (40);
a plurality of semicircle soft rubber support rings (42) and aluminum support rings (33) are alternately arranged on the long mandrel (38), a workpiece is sleeved outside the aluminum support rings (33), and a left rotary sleeve (34) and a right rotary sleeve (40) are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the long mandrel (38) and used for fixing two ends of the workpiece.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention solves the deformation problem generated in the processing process of the large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder by utilizing a plurality of special fixtures in different working procedures, and solves the difficult problem of processing the deep hole with higher precision by utilizing the deep hole three-jaw adjustable vibration reduction milling cutter. The machining precision of the large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder part is guaranteed, the machining process of the large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder part is innovatively designed in different machining stages, the machining of the large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder part with the thickness of 1.9 mm is realized by adopting various clamps and three-jaw adjustable vibration reduction type boring cutter structures, and the problem that parts are scrapped due to deformation of the large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder part is solved. The invention is suitable for processing the large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder part with the wall thickness of 1.5-6 mm, the dimensional tolerance is within 0.15mm, the shape and position tolerance can be ensured within 0.15mm, the invention has high positioning precision, simple operation, convenient workpiece loading and unloading, uniform clamping force on the clamped workpiece and adjustable clamping force in a certain range according to different conditions. The processing range is wide, and the applicability is strong.
Drawings
FIG. 1-blank of blanking
FIG. 2-schematic diagram of a rough turning blank
FIG. 3-rough turning of a blank grooving process
FIG. 4-schematic illustration of a blank after grooving
FIG. 5-schematic view of a jig for machining an inner cavity
FIG. 6-schematic view of a working lumen
FIG. 7-partial enlarged schematic view of three-jaw adjustable vibration reduction milling cutter
FIG. 8-enlarged partial schematic view of a vibration damping fixture
FIG. 9-semi-finished product schematic drawing of finished cavity sizing
FIG. 10-schematic view of a clamp for machining an outer diameter
FIG. 11-full-size schematic drawing.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, contents and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present invention will be given.
The invention provides a processing method of a large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, blanking, namely ensuring the strength of a workpiece when the inner hole of the large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder piece is machined. The blank material is 45# steel seamless steel pipe material (1) with 10 mm machining allowance in the inner hole and 15-20 mm machining allowance in the outer diameter. The total length is measured by a machining allowance of 10 mm as shown in figure 1.
S2, roughly turning the outer diameter of the automobile body by one piece, and obtaining the outer diameter visible light. The workpiece is motionless, a long sizing block is placed on a machine tool guide rail, and an adjustable V-shaped iron is placed on the sizing block to support the workpiece and move out of the center. And (3) installing a center frame, moving in a tip to tightly prop up the workpiece, and moving out the long sizing block and the adjustable V-shaped iron. And (3) adjusting the supporting claw of the center frame to support the workpiece, and turning the end face of the workpiece, wherein the workpiece is subjected to light. And (3) turning an inner hole, namely turning the inner hole into an integer after the inner hole is exposed to light, wherein the tolerance is controlled within 0.2mm, and the turning depth of the inner hole is 100mm, so that the special front and rear center double-top turning is convenient for the subsequent process.
S3, clamping the steel wire in a U-turn manner. Turning the end face and controlling the whole length of the workpiece. The size of the turned inner hole is consistent with that of the inner hole at the other end, and the inner hole turning is controlled to be 100mm, so that the special front and rear center double-top turning is convenient for the subsequent process.
S4, a turning main shaft end pressing sleeve and a center end axial pressing sleeve are of a positioning stage shaft structure, the main shaft end pressing sleeve is clamped at the main shaft end of a lathe by a chuck, the diameter of an outer circle matched with an inner hole of a steel cylinder piece of the main shaft end pressing sleeve is smaller than the actual size of an inner hole of a workpiece by 0.15-0.2 mm, the processed center end axial pressing sleeve is axially pressed on a center of a tailstock of the lathe, the inner hole of the center end axial pressing sleeve is in transition fit with the outer diameter of a rotating mandrel of the center, and positioning accuracy is guaranteed. The diameter of the outer circle matched with the inner hole of the workpiece on the top tip axial compression sleeve is smaller than the actual size of the inner hole of the workpiece by 0.15-0.2 mm, so that clearance fit and workpiece loading and unloading are ensured to be convenient. And clamping the workpiece between the main shaft end pressing sleeve and the center end axial pressing sleeve, and axially pressing the workpiece to reduce clamping deformation of the workpiece.
The double-top turning workpiece (2) is characterized in that threads at two ends of the outer diameter and 2-degree conical surfaces are arranged, the threads are connected with internal threads of a locking cap, the 2-degree conical surfaces are used for being matched with inner cones of a taper sleeve, the contact area is larger than 75%, and the accurate and reliable positioning is ensured.
The method comprises the steps of (1) carrying out 4mm key slot machining by using a lathe milling slot device, wherein the lathe milling slot device mainly comprises a milling cutter (3), a drill chuck (4), a ball roller bearing (5), a mandrel (6), an electric hand drill (7), a fixed electric hand drill bracket (8) and a clamp body (9); the milling cutter is a 4mm keyway milling cutter, the lathe milling groove device is assembled before machining, and the assembly steps are as follows:
a) Taking down a drill chuck (4) carried by the electric hand drill (7) and adding a mandrel (6);
b) Positioning and self-locking the removed drill chuck (4) and the mandrel (6) through a small taper conical surface;
c) The electric hand drill (7) assembled in the previous step is fixed on a fixed electric hand drill bracket (8);
d) Penetrating two ball roller bearings (5) into a mandrel (6) and installing the mandrel on a clamp body (9);
e) The fixed flashlight rotating bracket (8) is connected with the clamp body (9) through bolts;
f) The drill chuck (4) is rotated by a special spanner against a needle, so that a fixed jaw of the drill chuck (4) is opened, the drill chuck (4) is rotated by the special spanner against the needle after the drill chuck (4) is put into the milling cutter (3), and the milling cutter (3) is firmly fixed on the drill chuck (4);
g) Finally, fixing the whole set of assembled lathe milling groove device on a small slide plate of a lathe;
during processing, a workpiece (2) is fixed on a lathe, and a lathe spindle is adjusted to a low-gear position, so that the workpiece (2) is ensured not to rotate; assembling a lathe milling groove device according to the steps shown in figure 3 and the above, fixing the device on a small lathe sliding plate, and enabling the center of a milling cutter (3) to coincide with the center of a workpiece (2) through gasket adjustment; rotating the small lathe slide plate by 2 degrees, so that the moving track of the small lathe slide plate is parallel to the 2-degree conical surface of the workpiece (2); moving the middle sliding plate to enable the milling cutter (3) to be in contact with the workpiece (2), and moving the small sliding plate to cut a key slot parallel to the 2-degree conical surface through multiple times of feeding, wherein the cutting amount of each time is 0.5mm, until the depth of the key slot is 2 mm; repeating the above work until the two ends of the workpiece (2) are milled with 2 groups of symmetrical key grooves with the depth of 2mm. The threads, the conical surfaces and the key grooves are all in process sizes, so that the fixture is convenient to assemble, and the process sizes are required to be larger than the actual sizes of workpieces in design, as shown in fig. 3. After the machining is completed, the workpiece (10) is removed as shown in fig. 4.
S5, as shown in FIG. 5, placing 4 pieces of 4mm Fang Jian (13) in key grooves on the left and right sides of a workpiece (10), and sleeving a taper sleeve I (12) and a taper sleeve II (14) on the left and right sides respectively; and the back cap I (11) and the back cap II (15) are screwed into the workpiece (10) through the two ends of the screw thread respectively, and are screwed and fixed, so that the taper sleeve I (12) and the taper sleeve II (14) are firmly fixed with the workpiece (10) through 4 pieces of 4mm Fang Jian (13), the accurate and reliable positioning of the taper sleeve is ensured, and the workpiece (10) and the taper sleeve I (12) and the taper sleeve II (14) are prevented from relative rotation due to overlarge turning force in the subsequent turning process.
And finishing turning of the outer diameter of the taper sleeve in one clamping process, so that the outer diameters of the taper sleeves at two ends of the workpiece are consistent. Is convenient for the center frame to support. Turning the outer diameter of the workpiece between the two taper sleeves, ensuring the coaxiality of the outer diameter of the workpiece and the outer diameter of the taper sleeves by using visible light, detecting the machined outer diameter, and unloading the workpiece, wherein the roundness tolerance is smaller than 0.05 mm.
S6, half finish turning is performed on the inner hole, and then the inner hole is finish turned through a three-jaw adjustable vibration reduction boring cutter;
the method comprises the steps of clamping the taper sleeve outer diameter of one end of a workpiece by using a four-jaw chuck, supporting the taper sleeve outer diameter of the middle part and the taper sleeve outer diameter of the other end of the workpiece by using two center frames, jacking an inner hole of the workpiece by using a 60-degree taper angle, adjusting clamping jaws of the four-jaw chuck, respectively aligning a chuck end and a tailstock end by using a magnetic meter, adjusting a circle runout error to be smaller than 0.05mm, respectively adjusting a center frame supporting claw supporting the taper sleeve outer diameter of the tailstock end and a center frame supporting the middle part of the workpiece in sequence, removing the tailstock and removing the center.
And processing the inner hole of the workpiece by using a common vibration reduction cutter, wherein the turning depth is more than half of the whole length of the workpiece. And (3) the inner hole is reserved by 2mm, the workpiece is turned around and clamped, the taper sleeve outer diameter at the other end of the workpiece is clamped by a four-jaw chuck, the workpiece is aligned by repeating the steps, and the machining and turning depth of the inner hole at the other end of the workpiece is more than half of the full length of the workpiece. And the inner hole is 2mm in volume, and the workpiece is dismounted. When the workpiece is dismounted, the position of the supporting claw of the center frame is kept unchanged, so that the workpiece in the subsequent working procedure is convenient to clamp and align.
As shown in fig. 7, the three-jaw adjustable vibration-damping boring cutter mainly comprises a size-adjusting locking ring (22), 3 boring cutters (23), 3 clamping jaw bodies (24), an adjustable three-jaw chuck (25), a damping vibration-damping cutter bar (26), 3 groups of bakelite vibration-damping devices (28) and a flange plate (29).
Flange (29) 1 on the three-jaw adjustable vibration reduction boring cutter: 16 inner taper hole and 1 of damping vibration attenuation cutter arbor (26): the 16 outer cones are matched, and the gap between the matched diameters is 0.005 mm-0.01 mm. And red lead powder is used for detection, the contact area is larger than 90%, the end face of the flange plate (29) is in close contact with the positioning end face of the damping vibration attenuation cutter bar (26), and the detection can be carried out by a coloring method. Namely 1: the 16 conical surfaces are contacted, and the positioning end surfaces are contacted simultaneously, so that no-clearance fit is realized, and the positioning precision (the positioning mode is conical surface positioning) is ensured; then an adjustable three-jaw chuck (25) is arranged on the damping vibration attenuation cutter bar, 3 clamping jaw bodies (24) are uniformly distributed on the adjustable three-jaw chuck along the circumference, the outer diameter of the clamping jaw bodies can be adjusted through T-shaped groove matching, the end faces of the clamping jaw bodies are of a zigzag structure, the clamping jaw bodies are matched with a boring cutter through sawtooth slot type positioning, and the size gap between the boring cutter and the hole wall of an inner hole of a workpiece is adjusted through a size adjustment locking ring.
Boring cutters (23) and bakelite vibration damping pads are fixed on the 3 clamping jaw bodies (24). The boring cutter (23) is positioned through a saw tooth slot and is locked on the clamping jaw body (24) through a T slot by a screw; the bakelite vibration reduction pad is fixed with the clamping jaw body (24) through screws; after the installation and fixation, the outer diameter of the bakelite vibration damping pad is ensured to be 0.2mm larger than the outer diameter of the boring cutter (23). The dial indicator with the flat side head is arranged on the magnetic meter seat and is sucked on the workpiece (16), and the dial indicator is adjusted to enable the axis of the measuring rod to be perpendicular to the axis of the supporting rod.
The workpiece (16) is rotated, the precise extending positions of boring cutters (23) on the 3 clamping jaw bodies (24) are precisely adjusted by using a magnetic meter seat, the extending lengths are consistent, and fastening nuts are screwed to fasten the boring cutters (23). And moving the tool rest to move the tool of the adjustable three-jaw chuck to the position of the workpiece orifice. And (3) rotating a square spanner hole of the three-jaw chuck, accurately measuring the cutting size of a boring cutter (23) on a clamping jaw body (24), and clamping a size adjustment locking ring (22) on the inner side of the clamping jaw body (24) after the cutting size is determined (the group of adjustment rings consists of a plurality of adjustment rings with different diameters, one adjustment ring is clamped each time, and the specific size is determined according to the size of each cutting amount), so that a gap of 0.1mm is kept between the boring cutter (23) and an inner hole of a workpiece. Can detect by using a feeler gauge, and ensure that the size gaps between the three boring cutters (23) and the hole wall of the inner hole of the workpiece are consistent. If there is an error, fine tuning can be performed. The tool is removed and the boring draft is precisely controlled by rotating the three-jaw chuck wrench hole with a wrench to adjust the jaw body (24) and clamping the appropriately sized sizing locking ring (22).
Three bakelite adjustable support columns are fixed on the outer end face of the flange, and the extending length of the three bakelite adjustable support columns is controlled to be slightly larger than the actual size of the bore diameter after boring by adjusting bolts on the reverse direction of the flange (29), so as to lock the fastening screw. Three bakelite damping pads positioned on the clamping jaw body (24) and three bakelite adjustable support columns (28) arranged on the flange plate are sheared by the orifice and closely attached to the inner hole wall, so that a good supporting effect is achieved. A three-jaw chuck (19) is used for clamping a workpiece (16) orifice at the chuck end, a polyurethane elastomer sealing rubber ring (20) is arranged at the orifice, and high-pressure high-flow cutting fluid sprayed from an inclined hole of a damping vibration attenuation cutter bar (26) is ensured to flow out of a tailstock end orifice of the workpiece (16).
As shown in fig. 6, before finish turning the inner hole, the taper hole of the lathe spindle is cleaned, a spindle supporting and positioning mold (17) is installed, the contact area between the outer taper of the supporting and positioning mold (17) and the inner taper of the spindle taper hole is more than 75%, positioning accuracy and reliability are ensured, and a rolling bearing (18) is installed on the supporting and positioning mold (17) through interference fit and the outer ring of the rolling bearing (18) is fastened by screws.
An open circular clamping tool holder (27) (shown in fig. 8) is fixed on a lathe tool rest, and a damping vibration attenuation tool bar (26) is pressed on the open circular clamping tool holder (27) through bolts. The height of the opening circular clamping tool apron (27) is adjusted in a mode of increasing or reducing gaskets, the center of the damping vibration attenuation tool bar (26) is overlapped with the center of a main shaft of the lathe, the upper generatrix and the lower generatrix of the damping vibration attenuation tool bar (26) are detected to be parallel to the axis of the main shaft, a slide plate in the lathe is moved, a support rod of the damping vibration attenuation tool bar is aligned with the aperture of a rolling bearing in a main shaft supporting and positioning mould, a gap of 0.15-0.2 mm is reserved between the outer diameter of the support rod and the aperture of the bearing, and the large slide plate is moved forwards, so that the damping vibration attenuation tool bar (26) can freely slide in the aperture of the rolling bearing (18).
On the premise of ensuring that the damping vibration attenuation cutter bar (26) can slide freely in the aperture of the rolling bearing (18), the large slide plate is moved to the tailstock end, so that space is provided for installing the workpiece (16) on a lathe, and the workpiece (16) is clamped and aligned.
And after boring the inner hole, stopping rotating the machine tool. And (3) moving the large sliding plate and the three-jaw adjustable vibration reduction boring cutter out of the orifice at the tail seat end of the workpiece (16). And accurately measuring the aperture of the workpiece (16), then adjusting and replacing the size-adjusting locking ring (22), and repeating the steps for the second boring until the inner hole size is machined to be qualified. The cutting amount of the cutter is controlled to be 0.3-0.45 mm, the cutting amount of the last boring is controlled to be 0.2-0.35 mm, the revolution is 60-80 r/min, the feed amount F=0.35-0.5 mm/r, when the last cutter is processed, in order to prevent the cutter from scratching an inner hole of a workpiece, the workpiece can be loosened first and properly removed, a three-jaw adjustable vibration reduction boring cutter structure is loosened, a size adjustment locking ring (22) is taken out, the cutter is reduced and removed, the cutter is removed, the workpiece is removed, and additional tools (4 mm Fang Jian (13), a taper sleeve I (12), a taper sleeve II (14), a back cap I (11) and a back cap II (15) on a semi-finished workpiece (32) are taken down.
S7, checking the semi-finished workpiece (32) with the inner hole machined, as shown in fig. 9.
S8, clamping a workpiece (32) subjected to inner hole inspection on a thin-wall workpiece finish turning outer diameter clamp, wherein the thin-wall workpiece finish turning outer diameter clamp mainly comprises a long mandrel (38), a left screwing sleeve (34), four semicircular soft rubber supporting rings (42), three aluminum supporting rings (33) and a right screwing sleeve (40); the diameter of the long mandrel (38) is required to be increased as much as possible, the length-diameter ratio is reduced as much as possible, the rigidity and the strength of the mandrel are increased, a left rotary sleeve (34) and a right rotary sleeve (40) are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the long mandrel (38), and the left rotary sleeve (34) and the right rotary sleeve (40) are matched with the long mandrel (38) through threads and spigots. The gap between the spigot and the excircle of the long mandrel (38) is 0.06-0.09 mm, when in use, 4 screwing spanner holes (37) are uniformly distributed on the excircle of the rotary left rotary sleeve (34) and are attached to the chuck jaws (35), 4 screwing spanner holes (37) are uniformly distributed on the excircle of the rotary right rotary sleeve (40) and are pre-tightened with the long mandrel (38), then the spigot and the end face which play a role in accurately positioning the thin-wall deep hole part are finely turned on the rotary left sleeve (34) and the rotary right sleeve (40), aluminum supporting blocks (33) are uniformly distributed on the long mandrel with the gap of 0.15-0.19 mm at equal intervals, three supporting blocks with finish machining allowance are respectively fastened on the long mandrel by countersunk screws (39) with the angle of 90 degrees, and the gap between the outer diameters of the three supporting blocks and the thin-wall deep hole part is 0.15-0.19 mm.
During machining, the left rotary sleeve (34) is dismounted, the deep hole thin-wall part with the machined inner hole is mounted in a thin-wall workpiece (32) to finish turning the outer diameter fixture, and 4 semicircular soft rubber supporting rings (42) are sequentially mounted. And the auxiliary supporting function is achieved, then the left rotary sleeve (34) is screwed, and the outer diameter of the deep hole thin-wall workpiece is finished to the size of a finished product. The cutting tool has a cutting tool feeding amount of 1 mm-1.5 mm, a cutting tool feeding amount of 0.15 mm/rotation-0.2 mm/rotation, threads, key grooves, conical surfaces and the like of the outer diameter of the workpiece in the technical dimension are removed, and a sharp finish machining tool of a cutter is selected and fully cooled until the outer diameter of the workpiece is machined to the drawing dimension. As shown in fig. 10.
S9, removing the parts (42) which are completely processed, as shown in FIG. 11.
S10, checking a finished product.
Claims (10)
1. A processing method of a large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder part is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, blanking;
s2, roughly turning the outer diameter, end surfaces at two ends and an inner hole of the workpiece;
s3, clamping a workpiece between a main shaft end compression sleeve and a center end axial compression sleeve, axially compressing the workpiece, and then double-top turning threads and conical surfaces at two ends of the outer diameter of the workpiece (2), wherein the threads are used for being connected with internal threads of a locking cap, and the conical surfaces are used for being matched with the internal cones of the conical sleeves; the key grooves at two ends of the workpiece are machined by using a lathe milling groove device, the workpiece (2) is firstly fixed on a lathe during machining, and a lathe spindle is adjusted to a low-grade position, so that the workpiece (2) is ensured not to rotate; fixing a lathe milling groove device on a lathe small slide plate to enable the center of a milling cutter (3) to coincide with the center of a workpiece (2); rotating the small lathe slide plate to enable the moving track of the small lathe slide plate to be parallel to the conical surface of the workpiece (2); moving the middle sliding plate to enable the milling cutter (3) to be in contact with the workpiece (2), and cutting a key slot parallel to the conical surface through multiple times of feeding;
s4, placing Fang Jian (13) in key grooves on the left and right sides of the workpiece, and sleeving a taper sleeve I (12) and a taper sleeve II (14) on the left and right sides respectively; the back cap I (11) and the back cap II (15) are screwed into the workpiece through two ends of the screw thread respectively, and are fixed in a screwing manner, so that the taper sleeve I (12) and the taper sleeve II (14) are firmly fixed with the workpiece through Fang Jian (13); finishing turning of the outer diameter of the taper sleeve in one clamping process, enabling the outer diameter sizes of the taper sleeves at two ends of a workpiece to be consistent, turning the outer diameter of the workpiece between the two taper sleeves, and ensuring coaxiality of the outer diameter of the workpiece and the outer diameter of the taper sleeve;
s5, half finish turning is performed on the inner hole, and then the inner hole is finish turned through a three-jaw adjustable vibration reduction boring cutter;
the three-jaw adjustable vibration reduction boring cutter mainly comprises a size adjustment locking ring (22), a boring cutter (23), a clamping jaw body (24), an adjustable three-jaw chuck (25), a damping vibration reduction cutter bar (26) and a flange plate (29);
the flange plate (29), the adjustable three-jaw chuck (25), the clamping jaw body (24) and the size-adjusting locking ring (22) are sequentially arranged on the damping vibration attenuation cutter bar (26), the clamping jaw body (24) is arranged on the end face of the adjustable three-jaw chuck (25), the boring cutter (23) and the bakelite vibration attenuation device (28) are fixed on the clamping jaw body (24), and the outer diameter of the bakelite vibration attenuation device (28) is larger than that of the boring cutter (23);
before finish turning the inner hole, a main shaft supporting and positioning mould is arranged in a main shaft taper hole, a rolling bearing (18) is arranged on a supporting and positioning mould (17), one end of a damping vibration attenuation cutter bar (26) is fastened and positioned with an opening round clamping cutter holder, and the other end of the damping vibration attenuation cutter bar penetrates through a workpiece to be connected with the rolling bearing in a sliding manner;
firstly, accurately adjusting the extending accurate position of a boring cutter (23) on a clamping jaw body (24) and ensuring the consistent extending length; accurately measuring the cutting size of a boring cutter (23) on a clamping jaw body (24), and after the cutting size is determined, clamping a size adjustment locking ring (22) on the inner side of the clamping jaw body (24) to keep a certain gap between the boring cutter (23) and an inner hole of a workpiece; during processing, the cutting amount of the cutter is controlled to be 0.3-0.45 mm, the cutting amount of the last boring is controlled to be 0.2-0.35 mm, the revolution is 60-80 r/min, and the feeding amount F=0.35-0.5 mm/r;
s6, clamping the workpiece on a thin-wall workpiece finish turning outer diameter clamp, and finishing the outer diameter, wherein the cutting tool feeding amount is 1-1.5 mm, and the feeding amount is 0.15-0.2 mm/rotation;
the thin-wall workpiece finish turning outer diameter clamp comprises a long mandrel (38), a left screwing sleeve (34), a semicircular soft rubber supporting ring (42), an aluminum supporting ring (33) and a right screwing sleeve (40);
a plurality of semicircle soft rubber support rings (42) and aluminum support rings (33) are alternately arranged on the long mandrel (38), a workpiece is sleeved outside the aluminum support rings (33), and a left rotary sleeve (34) and a right rotary sleeve (40) are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the long mandrel (38) and used for fixing two ends of the workpiece.
2. The method for processing the large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder part according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in S1, the blank material is 45# steel seamless steel pipe material with 10 mm machining allowance in the inner hole and 15-20 mm machining allowance in the outer diameter, and the whole length is 10 mm machining allowance.
3. The method for processing the large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder part according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: s2, the workpiece is fixed, the workpiece is supported by the installation center frame, the workpiece is moved into the tip to tightly prop up one point of the workpiece, the end face of the workpiece is turned, and the workpiece is subjected to light; turning an inner hole of a workpiece, turning the workpiece into an integer after light exposure, controlling the tolerance within 0.2mm, and turning the depth to 100mm.
4. The method for processing the large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder part according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and S3, clamping the main shaft end of the lathe by using a chuck, wherein the main shaft end of the lathe is tightly sleeved with the main shaft end of the lathe, the main shaft end of the lathe is tightly sleeved with the inner hole of the workpiece, the center end of the lathe is axially tightly sleeved with the center of the lathe, the inner hole of the center end of the lathe is in transition fit with the outer diameter of the center rotating mandrel, the center end of the lathe is axially tightly sleeved with the inner hole of the workpiece, the workpiece is clamped between the main shaft end of the lathe and the center end of the lathe, and the workpiece is axially tightly pressed.
5. The method for processing the large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder part according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in S3, the lathe milling groove device comprises a milling cutter (3), a drill chuck (4), a ball roller bearing (5), a mandrel (6), an electric hand drill (7), a fixed electric hand drill bracket (8) and a clamp body (9); one end of the mandrel (6) is fixedly connected with the electric hand drill (7), and the other end of the mandrel is positioned and self-locked with the drill chuck (4) through a small taper conical surface; the electric hand drill (7) is fixed on the fixed electric hand drill bracket (8); the mandrel (6) is inserted into two ball roller bearings (5) and then is arranged on the clamp body (9); the fixed flashlight rotating bracket (8) is fixedly connected with the clamp body (9); the drill chuck (4) is provided with a milling cutter (3).
6. The method for processing the large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder part according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: when an inner hole is semi-finish turning, clamping the outer diameter of a taper sleeve at one end of a workpiece by using a four-jaw chuck, respectively supporting the outer diameters of the taper sleeve at the middle part and the other end of the workpiece by using two center frames, propping up the inner hole of the workpiece by using a cone angle center, adjusting clamping jaws of the four-jaw chuck, respectively aligning a chuck end and a tailstock end by using a magnetic meter, respectively adjusting the center frame supporting claw supporting the outer diameter of the taper sleeve at the tailstock end and the center frame supporting the center part of the workpiece to be positive, removing the tailstock and removing the center; and (3) machining the inner hole of the workpiece by using a vibration reduction cutter, wherein the turning depth is greater than half of the whole length of the workpiece, the inner hole allowance is 2mm, the workpiece is turned around and clamped, the taper sleeve outer diameter at the other end of the workpiece is clamped by using a four-claw chuck, the workpiece is aligned by repeating the steps, the inner hole at the other end of the workpiece is machined and turned to a depth greater than half of the whole length of the workpiece, the inner hole allowance is 2mm, and the workpiece is dismounted.
7. The method for processing the large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder part according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the end face of the clamping jaw body is of a zigzag structure and is matched with the end face of the adjustable three-jaw chuck (25).
8. The method for processing the large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder part according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: an inner taper hole of a flange plate (29) on the three-jaw adjustable vibration reduction boring cutter is matched and connected with an outer taper of the damping vibration reduction cutter bar (26); the dial indicator with the flat side head is arranged on the magnetic gauge stand and is sucked on the workpiece (16), the dial indicator is adjusted to enable the axis of the measuring rod to be perpendicular to the axis of the supporting rod, the workpiece (16) is rotated, the accurate position of the boring cutter (23) on the clamping jaw body (24) is accurately adjusted by the magnetic gauge stand, and the consistent extension length is ensured.
9. The method for processing the large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder part according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the rotating sleeve (34) and the right rotating sleeve (40) are matched with the long mandrel (38) through threads and spigots, the matched clearance between the spigots and the excircle of the long mandrel (38) is 0.06-0.09 mm, and when the rotating sleeve is used, the spigots and the end faces, which play a role in accurately positioning a workpiece, on the left rotating sleeve (34) and the right rotating sleeve (40) are required to be finely turned, and the matched clearance is 0.15-0.19 mm.
10. The method for processing the large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder part according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: a plurality of aluminum supporting blocks are uniformly distributed on the long mandrel at equal intervals, and the fit clearance between the outer diameter of the aluminum supporting blocks and the inner hole of the workpiece is 0.15-0.19 mm.
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| CN202311569943.1A CN117697330A (en) | 2023-11-23 | 2023-11-23 | Machining method of large-diameter thin-wall precise steel cylinder |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN119427010A (en) * | 2025-01-10 | 2025-02-14 | 吉林交通职业技术学院 | A device and method for processing the inside and outside of a thin frustum-shaped lens barrel |
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2023
- 2023-11-23 CN CN202311569943.1A patent/CN117697330A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN119427010A (en) * | 2025-01-10 | 2025-02-14 | 吉林交通职业技术学院 | A device and method for processing the inside and outside of a thin frustum-shaped lens barrel |
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