CN113996821B - U-axis spindle unit mechanism - Google Patents
U-axis spindle unit mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- CN113996821B CN113996821B CN202110205560.0A CN202110205560A CN113996821B CN 113996821 B CN113996821 B CN 113996821B CN 202110205560 A CN202110205560 A CN 202110205560A CN 113996821 B CN113996821 B CN 113996821B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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Abstract
The invention relates to a U-shaft spindle unit mechanism, which comprises a spindle unit shell, wherein a spindle is arranged in a central hole of the spindle unit shell through a spindle bearing, two ends of the spindle extend out of the spindle unit shell, a spindle conical hole is formed in the front end of the spindle central hole, a U-shaft cutter conical head matched with the spindle conical hole is inserted in the spindle conical hole, a U-shaft cutter body connected with the U-shaft cutter conical head into a whole is arranged at the front end of the U-shaft cutter conical head, the circumference of the root of the U-shaft cutter conical head is radially fixed with the front end of the spindle, the axis of the U-shaft cutter body is perpendicular to the axis of the U-shaft cutter conical head, long-shaft gears are arranged in the central hole of the U-shaft cutter body, racks are respectively meshed on two sides of the long-shaft gears, the two racks respectively extend outwards in a central symmetry manner along the axial direction of the U-shaft cutter body, and blades are respectively fixed on the outer ends of the two racks. The U-axis spindle unit mechanism is simple in structure and stable and reliable in operation, and can be used for machining complex curved surfaces or spherical surfaces without tool changing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a machining center, in particular to a U-axis spindle unit mechanism, and belongs to the technical field of numerical control machine tools.
Background
In the conventional machining process of a machine tool, for a workpiece with a complex structure, when holes, faces and columns with different sizes are machined, independent tools are needed for machining, and for some complex curved surfaces, spherical surfaces and the like, a common machining center cannot machine.
It is therefore desirable to design a tool in which the tool bit can move radially along the tool while the spindle rotates, the axis of radial movement being referred to as the U-axis. The U-axis cutter can replace cutters with different diameters which are needed in the prior art in the changing range, so that the cutter cost is saved, the cutter replacement is not needed, and the machining efficiency is improved. In the machining process, the cutter is driven to rotate through the spindle motor, meanwhile, the U-axis blade is driven through the servo motor through the U-axis transmission system to realize radial movement of the blade, and the machining diameter of the cutter is changed according to the program requirement of the numerical control system, so that machining of complex curved surfaces and the like can be performed.
The U-axis main shaft unit has the core that the design of the U-axis transmission mechanism has obvious defects such as complex structure, high noise and easy occurrence of phenomena such as fatigue pitting corrosion of gears, root cracks and the like if the design is realized through a gear planetary structure, thereby influencing the operation precision, the transmission efficiency and the service life of a U-axis transmission system, and the gears also need to be lubricated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide the U-axis spindle unit mechanism which has a simple structure and stable and reliable operation and can process complex curved surfaces or spherical surfaces without changing a cutter.
In order to solve the technical problems, the U-shaft spindle unit mechanism comprises a spindle unit shell, a spindle is arranged in a central hole of the spindle unit shell through a spindle bearing, two ends of the spindle extend out of the spindle unit shell, a spindle conical hole is formed in the front end of the central hole of the spindle, a U-shaft cutter conical head matched with the spindle conical hole is inserted in the spindle conical hole, a U-shaft cutter body connected with the U-shaft cutter conical head into a whole is arranged at the front end of the U-shaft cutter conical head, the circumference of the root of the U-shaft cutter conical head is radially fixed with the front end of the spindle, the axis of the U-shaft cutter body is perpendicular to the axis of the U-shaft cutter conical head, a long-shaft gear is arranged in the central hole of the U-shaft cutter body, racks are respectively meshed on two sides of the long-shaft gear, the racks respectively extend outwards in a central symmetry mode along the axial direction of the U-shaft cutter body, and blades are respectively fixed at the outer ends of the racks.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: when the conical head of the U-axis cutter is tightly matched with the conical hole of the main shaft, the main shaft drives the two blades on the U-axis cutter body to synchronously rotate, so that the workpiece is machined. Meanwhile, the long shaft gear rotates to drive racks on two sides to retract or extend synchronously, the turning radius of the two blades is reduced or enlarged synchronously, and the irregular curved surface is processed along with the change of the turning radius of the blades. In the variation range of the rotation diameter of the blade, the cutter with different diameters can be replaced in the past; thus, complex curved surfaces or spherical surfaces can be processed on the surface of the workpiece without stopping tool changing.
As an improvement of the invention, the rear end of the central hole of the conical head of the U-axis cutter is provided with a thread section and is screwed with a blind rivet, the rear end of the blind rivet is matched with four-petal pull claws, the rear ends of the four-petal pull claws are screwed on the periphery of the front end of a pull rod, the pull rod extends backwards along the central hole of the main shaft, the rear part of the pull rod is provided with a main shaft loose cutter head, and the main shaft loose cutter head is fixedly connected with a piston of a main shaft loose broach cylinder. When the spindle loose broach oil cylinder does not build pressure in normal operation, and when the pull rod is pulled backwards, the front end of the pull rod pulls the four-petal pulling claws to move backwards, so that the four-petal pulling claws can grip the pulling nails to move backwards, and the pulling nails pull the conical heads of the U-axis cutters to move backwards until the conical heads of the U-axis cutters are combined with the spindle cone Kong Kasi, so that the combination of the U-axis cutter body and the spindle is realized. When the machining is stopped or the U-axis cutter body is replaced, the main shaft loose broach cylinder builds pressure to drive the main shaft loose broach disc to move forwards, and then the four-petal pulling claw loosens the blind rivet, so that the pulling force between the conical head of the U-axis cutter and the conical hole of the main shaft disappears.
As a further improvement of the invention, the central shaft of the long shaft gear extends backwards along the central holes of the conical head of the U-shaft cutter and the blind rivet, the tenon at the rear end of the central shaft of the long shaft gear is inserted into the groove at the front end of the U-shaft transmission shaft, the U-shaft transmission shaft extends backwards along the central hole of the pull rod, and the rear end of the U-shaft transmission shaft is fixedly provided with a U-shaft belt wheel; the rear end of the main shaft is provided with a main shaft belt wheel, the main shaft belt wheel is in transmission connection with a U-shaft planetary belt wheel through a U-shaft synchronous belt I, and the U-shaft planetary belt wheel is in transmission connection with the U-shaft belt wheel through a U-shaft synchronous belt II; the U-axis planetary belt wheel is arranged on a planetary belt wheel shaft through a ball bearing, one end of the planetary belt wheel shaft is fixedly connected with a gear planet carrier, outer teeth of the gear planet carrier are meshed with a U-axis motor gear, and the U-axis motor gear is fixed at the output end of the U-axis motor. After the U-axis motor is started, the gear planet carrier is driven by the U-axis motor to rotate, the U-axis planet belt wheel revolves along with the planet belt wheel shaft, meanwhile, the main shaft belt wheel drives the U-axis planet belt wheel to rotate through the U-axis synchronous belt, the U-axis planet belt wheel drives the U-axis belt wheel to rotate through the U-axis synchronous belt, the U-axis belt wheel drives the U-axis transmission shaft to rotate, the long-axis gear is driven by the U-axis transmission shaft to rotate, racks on two sides of the long-axis gear are synchronously retracted or extended, and the turning radius of two blades can be changed when the main shaft drives the U-axis cutter to rotate to process parts. The U-axis main shaft unit can change the diameter of the cutter through the U-axis, so that a plurality of cutters with different diameters are not required to be installed, and complex curved surfaces and the like can be processed. Under the control of a numerical control system, the diameter of the cutter of the synchronous pulley planetary mechanism can be changed to the accuracy of 0.001 mm. The U-shaft transmission shaft, the pull rod and the main shaft form triple nesting, and the structure is very compact. The U-axis planetary belt wheel rotates with the main shaft belt wheel and the U-axis belt wheel through the U-axis synchronous belt respectively, and compared with a traditional planetary gear mechanism, the synchronous belt wheel planetary mechanism has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in installation, long service life, cost reduction and avoidance of various defects of the gear planetary mechanism.
As a further improvement of the invention, the rear part of the main shaft passes through the main shaft loose broach cylinder and is symmetrically provided with two main shaft long grooves, and the main shaft loose cutterhead passes through the main shaft long grooves; a front top sleeve is embedded on a front boss in the center of the main shaft loose cutter head, the front top sleeve is sleeved on the periphery of the pull rod, and the periphery of the front end of the front top sleeve is slidably supported on the inner wall of the main shaft center hole; the middle section of the central hole of the main shaft is provided with a convex ring in the central hole of the main shaft, and a plurality of disc springs are arranged between the convex ring in the central hole of the main shaft and the front end surface of the front top sleeve. The two main shaft long grooves provide space for the radial penetration of the main shaft loose cutter disc, are convenient for the connection between the main shaft loose cutter disc and the main shaft loose broach cylinder, and provide space for the axial translation of the main shaft loose cutter disc. The tension of the disc spring pushes the main shaft loose cutter disc to drive the pull rod to translate backwards through the front top sleeve, and the front end of the pull rod grips the pull nail through the four-petal pull claw, so that the U-shaft cutter body is tightly combined with the main shaft. When the main shaft loose cutter disc is driven by the main shaft loose broach cylinder to move forwards against the tension of the disc spring, the pull rod floats forwards, and the U-shaft cutter body is loosened from the main shaft.
As a further improvement of the invention, a main shaft rear end cover is fixed at the rear end port of the main shaft through a screw, the main shaft belt wheel is fixed on the main shaft rear end cover, and the rear end of the pull rod passes through the central holes of the main shaft rear end cover and the main shaft belt wheel and is provided with a gap; the center of the main shaft rear end cover is provided with a main shaft rear end cover boss protruding backwards, and the left port of the main shaft belt wheel is sleeved on the main shaft rear end cover boss. The rear end cover of the main shaft seals the rear end opening of the main shaft and fixes the main shaft belt wheel, and the apertures of the central hole of the rear end cover of the main shaft and the central hole of the main shaft belt wheel are larger than the outer diameter of the pull rod, so that the pull rod can float conveniently. Through the nested matching of the main shaft belt pulley and the boss of the main shaft rear end cover, the coaxial line of the main shaft belt pulley and the main shaft rear end cover can be ensured, and the coaxiality of the main shaft belt pulley and the main shaft is improved.
As a further improvement of the invention, a rear top sleeve is embedded on a rear boss in the center of the main shaft loose cutter head, the rear top sleeve is sleeved on the periphery of the pull rod, the rear end of the rear top sleeve is inserted into the inner cavity of the main shaft rear end cover and abuts against a round nut, and the round nut is screwed on the pull rod. The convex ring of the main shaft rear end cover is matched with the inner wall of the main shaft, so that the main shaft rear end cover and the main shaft are coaxial, and the coaxiality of the main shaft belt wheel and the main shaft is further improved. The rear end of the rear top sleeve is inserted into the inner cavity of the rear end cover of the main shaft, so that the length of the matched section of the pull rod is prolonged, and the rigidity of the pull rod and the rear cantilever end of the U-shaft transmission shaft is improved. The tension of the disc spring pushes the main shaft loose cutter disc to translate backwards through the front top sleeve, the main shaft loose cutter disc drives the pull rod to translate backwards through the rear top sleeve and the round nut, and the front end of the pull rod grips the pull nail through the four-petal pull claw, so that the U-shaft cutter body is tightly combined with the main shaft.
As a further improvement of the invention, a rear top sleeve boss is arranged in the middle of the rear top sleeve, a main shaft rear end cover convex ring is arranged at the front end of the main shaft rear end cover, and the main shaft rear end cover convex ring is nested in the inner cavity of the main shaft. When the rear end face of the rear top sleeve boss abuts against the front end opening of the main shaft rear end cover convex ring, the pull rod cannot continuously float backwards, and the disc spring reaches the maximum extension limit.
As a further improvement of the invention, a pull rod boss is arranged on the pull rod, the rear end face of the four-petal pull claw is abutted against the front side step of the pull rod boss, and a gap is reserved between the rear end face of the pull rod boss and the front end face of the convex ring in the central hole of the main shaft. The pull rod boss provides axial positioning for the screwing of the four-petal pull claw and the pull rod, and a gap between the rear end surface of the pull rod boss and the front end surface of the convex ring in the central hole of the main shaft provides space for the backward floating of the pull rod.
As a further improvement of the invention, a loose cutter disc radial air hole is arranged on the loose cutter disc of the main shaft, a piston air connector is screwed on the rear end face of the piston of the loose broach cylinder of the main shaft, the front end of the piston air connector is communicated with the axial air hole of the piston, the front end of the axial air hole of the piston is communicated with the outer end of the radial air hole of the loose cutter disc, the inner end of the radial air hole of the loose cutter disc is communicated with the central air hole of the U-shaft transmission shaft through the pull rod and a radial communication hole on the U-shaft transmission shaft, and the central air hole of the U-shaft transmission shaft extends forwards along the axis of the U-shaft transmission shaft and is communicated. When the U-axis cutter is replaced, compressed air enters the piston axial air hole from the piston air connector, enters the outer end of the radial air hole of the loose cutter disc from the piston axial air hole, passes through the radial communication hole on the pull rod and the U-axis transmission shaft from the inner end of the radial air hole of the loose cutter disc, enters the rear end of the central air hole of the U-axis transmission shaft, advances along the central air hole of the U-axis transmission shaft, and finally blows out dirt from the conical hole of the main shaft.
As a further improvement of the invention, the periphery of the middle part of the main shaft is fixedly provided with a main shaft driving wheel through a main shaft flat key, the main shaft driving wheel is in transmission connection with a main motor belt wheel through a main shaft synchronous belt, and the main motor belt wheel is fixed at the output end of a main shaft motor. The main shaft motor drives the main shaft driving wheel to rotate through the main motor belt pulley and the main shaft synchronous belt, and the main shaft synchronously rotates along with the main shaft driving wheel to provide power for machining a workpiece by the U-shaft cutter.
Drawings
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description, which are provided for reference and illustration only and are not intended to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a front view of the U-axis spindle unit mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a left side view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A in fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along B-B in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of fig. 1.
In the figure: 1. a spindle box; 2. a spindle unit housing; 2a, a main shaft bearing; 3. a spindle motor; 4. a main motor belt wheel; 5. a spindle synchronous belt; 6. a main shaft driving wheel; 7. a main shaft; 7a, a convex ring in a central hole of the main shaft; 7b, a main shaft long groove; 8. a main shaft loose broach cylinder; 8a, axial air holes of the piston; 9. loosening a cutter head of a main shaft; 9a, loosening radial air holes of the cutter disc; 10. a front top cover; 11. a disc spring; 12. a rear top cover; 13. a pull rod; 13a, a pull rod boss; 14. four-petal pulling claws; 15. pulling nails; a u-axis cutter body; 16a. U-axis cutter cone; 17. a main shaft rear end cover; 18. a spindle pulley; a u-axis motor; u-axis motor gear; 21. a gear planet carrier; 21a, a spherical joint bearing; 22. planetary belt wheel shafts; u-axis planetary pulleys; u-axis synchronous belt I; 24b, a U-axis synchronous belt II; a u-axis pulley; a u-axis drive shaft; a U-shaft transmission shaft center air hole; 27. a long shaft gear; 28. a rack; 29. a blade; 30. a spindle box gland; 31. a round nut.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the U-axis spindle unit mechanism of the present invention comprises a spindle unit housing 2, a spindle 7 is mounted in a central hole of the spindle unit housing 2 through a spindle bearing 2a, two ends of the spindle 7 extend out of the spindle unit housing 2, a spindle tapered hole is provided at a front end of the central hole of the spindle, a U-axis cutter tapered head 16a matched with the spindle tapered hole is inserted in the spindle tapered hole, a U-axis cutter body integrally connected with the U-axis cutter tapered head 16a is provided at a front end of the U-axis cutter tapered head 16a, a 16 is radially fixed between a root circumference of the U-axis cutter tapered head and the front end of the spindle, an axis of the U-axis cutter body 16 is perpendicular to an axis of the U-axis cutter tapered head 16a, a long-axis gear 27 is mounted in the central hole of the U-axis cutter body 16, racks 28 are engaged at two sides of the long-axis gear 27, the two racks 28 extend outwards in a central symmetry along an axial direction of the U-axis cutter body 16, and outer ends of the two racks 28 are respectively fixed with a cutter blade 29.
When the U-axis cutter conical head 16a is tightly matched with the conical hole of the main shaft, the main shaft drives the two blades 29 on the U-axis cutter body 16 to synchronously rotate, so that a workpiece is machined. Simultaneously, the long shaft gear 27 rotates to drive the racks 28 on two sides to retract or extend synchronously, the turning radius of the two blades 29 is reduced or enlarged synchronously, and the irregular curved surface is processed along with the change of the turning radius of the blades. In the variation range of the rotation diameter of the blade, the cutter with different diameters can be replaced in the past; thus, complex curved surfaces or spherical surfaces can be processed on the surface of the workpiece without stopping tool changing.
The rear end of the central hole of the conical head 16a of the U-shaped shaft cutter is provided with a thread section and is screwed with a pull nail 15, the rear end of the pull nail 15 is matched with a four-petal pull claw 14, the rear end of the four-petal pull claw 14 is screwed on the periphery of the front end of a pull rod 13, the pull rod 13 extends backwards along the central hole of the main shaft, the rear part of the pull rod 13 is provided with a main shaft loose cutter disc 9, and the main shaft loose cutter disc 9 is fixedly connected with a piston of a main shaft loose broach cylinder 8.
When the spindle loose broach cylinder 8 does not build pressure in normal operation, and the pull rod 13 is pulled backwards, the front end of the pull rod 13 pulls the four-petal pull claw 14 to move backwards, so that the four-petal pull claw 14 can grip the pull nail 15 to move backwards, and the pull nail 15 pulls the U-shaft cutter conical head 16a to move backwards until the U-shaft cutter conical head is combined with the spindle conical shape Kong Kasi, and the combination of the U-shaft cutter body 16 and the spindle 7 is realized. When the machining is stopped or the U-axis cutter body 16 is replaced, the main shaft loose broach cylinder 8 builds pressure and drives the main shaft loose broach disc 9 to move forwards, the four-petal pulling claws 14 loosen the pulling nails 15, and the pulling force between the U-axis cutter conical head 16a and the main shaft conical hole disappears.
The central shaft of the long shaft gear 27 extends backwards along the central hole of the U-shaft cutter conical head 16a and the blind rivet 15, the rear end tenon of the central shaft of the long shaft gear is inserted into the groove at the front end of the U-shaft transmission shaft 26, the U-shaft transmission shaft 26 extends backwards along the central hole of the pull rod 13, and the rear end of the U-shaft transmission shaft 26 is fixedly provided with a U-shaft belt wheel 25; the rear end of the main shaft 7 is provided with a main shaft belt wheel 18, the main shaft belt wheel 18 is in transmission connection with a U-shaft planetary belt wheel 23 through a U-shaft synchronous belt I24 a, and the U-shaft planetary belt wheel 23 is in transmission connection with a U-shaft belt wheel 25 through a U-shaft synchronous belt II 24 b; the U-axis planetary belt wheel 23 is arranged on a planetary belt wheel shaft 22 through a ball bearing, one end of the planetary belt wheel shaft 22 is fixedly connected with a gear planet carrier 21, external teeth of the gear planet carrier 21 are meshed with a U-axis motor gear 20, the U-axis motor gear 20 is fixed at the output end of a U-axis motor 19, and the U-axis motor 19 is fixed on a spindle box 1.
After the U-axis motor 19 is started, the U-axis motor gear 20 drives the gear planet carrier 21 to rotate, the U-axis planet belt wheel 23 revolves along with the planet belt wheel shaft 22, meanwhile, the main shaft belt wheel 18 drives the U-axis planet belt wheel 23 to rotate through the U-axis synchronous belt I24 a, the U-axis planet belt wheel 23 drives the U-axis belt wheel 25 to rotate through the U-axis synchronous belt II 24b, the U-axis belt wheel 25 drives the U-axis transmission shaft 26 to rotate, the U-axis transmission shaft 26 drives the long-axis gear 27 to rotate, the long-axis gear 27 drives racks 28 on two sides to retract or stretch out synchronously, and the turning radius of the two blades 29 can be changed when the main shaft drives the U-axis cutter to rotate to process parts. The U-axis main shaft unit can change the diameter of the cutter through the U-axis, so that a plurality of cutters with different diameters are not required to be installed, and complex curved surfaces and the like can be processed. Under the control of a numerical control system, the diameter of the cutter of the synchronous pulley planetary mechanism can be changed to the accuracy of 0.001 mm.
The rear end of the gear carrier 21 is mounted on the rear portion of the headstock 1 through a spherical joint bearing 21a, and the rear side of the spherical joint bearing 21a is fixed by a headstock gland 30. A THK spherical joint bearing may be used, and the outer side of the THK spherical joint bearing is pressed by the headstock gland 30.
The rear part of the main shaft 7 passes through a main shaft loose broach cylinder 8 and is symmetrically provided with two main shaft long grooves 7b, and a main shaft loose cutterhead 9 passes through the main shaft long grooves 7 b; a front top sleeve 10 is embedded on a front boss in the center of the main shaft loose cutter head, the front top sleeve 10 is sleeved on the periphery of a pull rod 13, and the periphery of the front end of the front top sleeve 10 is slidably supported on the inner wall of a main shaft center hole; the middle section of the central hole of the main shaft 7 is provided with a convex ring 7a in the central hole of the main shaft, and a plurality of disc springs 11 are arranged between the convex ring 7a in the central hole of the main shaft and the front end surface of the front top cover 10.
The two main shaft long grooves 7b provide space for the radial penetration of the main shaft loose cutter disc 9, are convenient for the connection between the main shaft loose cutter disc 9 and the main shaft loose broach cylinder 8, and provide space for the axial translation of the main shaft loose cutter disc 9. The tension of the disc spring 11 pushes the main shaft loose cutter disc 9 to drive the pull rod 13 to translate backwards through the front top sleeve 10, and the front end of the pull rod 13 grips the pull nail 15 through the four-petal pull claw 14, so that the U-shaft cutter body 16 is tightly combined with the main shaft 7. When the main shaft loose cutter disc 9 is driven by the main shaft loose broach cylinder 8 to move forwards against the tension of the disc spring 11, the pull rod 13 floats forwards, and the U-shaft cutter body 16 is loosened from the main shaft 7.
The rear end port of the main shaft 7 is fixed with a main shaft rear end cover 17 through a screw, a main shaft belt wheel 18 is fixed on the main shaft rear end cover 17, and the rear end of the pull rod 13 passes through the central holes of the main shaft rear end cover 17 and the main shaft belt wheel 18 and is provided with a gap; the center of the main shaft rear end cover 17 is provided with a main shaft rear end cover boss protruding backwards, and the left port of the main shaft belt wheel 18 is sleeved on the main shaft rear end cover boss. The rear end cover 17 of the main shaft seals the rear end opening of the main shaft 7 and fixes the main shaft belt wheel 18, and the apertures of the central hole of the rear end cover of the main shaft and the central hole of the main shaft belt wheel are larger than the outer diameter of the pull rod 13, so that the pull rod 13 can float conveniently. By nesting and matching the spindle belt wheel 18 with the boss of the spindle rear end cover, the coaxial line of the spindle belt wheel 18 and the spindle rear end cover 17 can be ensured, and the coaxiality of the spindle belt wheel 18 and the spindle 7 can be improved.
The rear boss in the center of the main shaft loose cutter 9 is embedded with a rear top sleeve 12, the rear top sleeve 12 is sleeved on the periphery of the pull rod 13, the rear end of the rear top sleeve 12 is inserted into the inner cavity of the main shaft rear end cover 17 and abuts against a round nut 31, and the round nut 31 is screwed on the pull rod 13. The matching of the convex ring of the main shaft rear end cover and the inner wall of the main shaft can ensure that the main shaft rear end cover 17 and the main shaft 7 are coaxial, and further improves the coaxiality of the main shaft belt wheel 18 and the main shaft 7. The rear end of the rear top sleeve 12 is inserted into the inner cavity of the main shaft rear end cover 17, so that the length of the matched section of the pull rod 13 is prolonged, and the rigidity of the pull rod 13 and the rear cantilever end of the U-shaft transmission shaft 26 is improved. The tension of the disc spring 11 pushes the main shaft loose cutter disc 9 to translate backwards through the front top sleeve 10, the main shaft loose cutter disc 9 drives the pull rod 13 to translate backwards through the rear top sleeve 12 and the round nut 31, and the front end of the pull rod 13 grips the pull nail 15 through the four-petal pull claw 14, so that the U-shaft cutter body 16 is tightly combined with the main shaft 7.
A rear top cover boss is arranged in the middle of the rear top cover 12; the front end of the main shaft rear end cover 17 is provided with a main shaft rear end cover convex ring which is nested in the inner cavity of the main shaft 7. When the rear end face of the rear top sleeve boss abuts against the front end opening of the main shaft rear end cover convex ring, the pull rod 13 cannot continuously float backwards, and the disc spring 11 reaches the maximum extension limit.
The pull rod 13 is provided with a pull rod boss 13a, the rear end face of the four-petal pull claw 14 is abutted against the front side step of the pull rod boss 13a, and a gap is reserved between the rear end face of the pull rod boss 13a and the front end face of the convex ring 7a in the central hole of the main shaft. The pull rod boss 13a provides axial positioning for the screwing of the four-petal pull claw 14 and the pull rod 13, and a gap between the rear end surface of the pull rod boss 13a and the front end surface of the convex ring 7a in the central hole of the main shaft provides space for the backward floating of the pull rod 13.
The main shaft loose cutter disc 9 is provided with a loose cutter disc radial air hole 9a, the rear end face of a main shaft loose broach cylinder piston is rotatably connected with a piston air connector, the front end of the piston air connector is communicated with a piston axial air hole 8a, the front end of the piston axial air hole 8a is communicated with the outer end of the loose cutter disc radial air hole 9a, the inner end of the loose cutter disc radial air hole 9a is communicated with a U shaft transmission shaft center air hole 26a through a pull rod 13 and a radial communication hole on a U shaft transmission shaft 26, and the U shaft transmission shaft center air hole 26a extends forwards and is communicated along the axis of the U shaft transmission shaft 26. When the U-axis cutter is replaced, compressed air enters the piston axial air hole 8a from the piston air connector, enters the outer end of the radial air hole 9a of the loose cutter disc from the piston axial air hole 8a, passes through the radial communication holes on the pull rod 13 and the U-axis transmission shaft 26 from the inner end of the radial air hole 9a of the loose cutter disc, enters the rear end of the central air hole 26a of the U-axis transmission shaft, advances along the central air hole 26a of the U-axis transmission shaft, and finally blows out dirt from the conical hole of the main shaft.
The middle periphery of the main shaft 7 is fixed with a main shaft driving wheel 6 through a main shaft flat key, the main shaft driving wheel 6 is in transmission connection with a main motor belt wheel 4 through a main shaft synchronous belt 5, the main motor belt wheel 4 is fixed at the output end of the main shaft motor 3, and the main shaft motor 3 is fixed on the main shaft box 1. The spindle motor 3 drives the spindle driving wheel 6 to rotate through the spindle motor belt pulley 4 and the spindle synchronous belt 5, and the spindle 7 synchronously rotates along with the spindle driving wheel 6 to provide power for machining a workpiece by the U-axis cutter.
The foregoing description is only of a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition to the embodiments described above, other embodiments of the invention are possible. All technical schemes formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the invention. The technical features of the present invention that are not described may be implemented by or using the prior art, and are not described herein.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a U axle spindle unit mechanism, includes spindle unit casing, its characterized in that: a main shaft is arranged in a central hole of the main shaft unit shell through a main shaft bearing, two ends of the main shaft extend out of the main shaft unit shell, a main shaft conical hole is formed in the front end of the main shaft central hole, a U-shaft cutter conical head matched with the main shaft conical hole is inserted in the main shaft conical hole, a U-shaft cutter body connected with the U-shaft cutter conical head into a whole is arranged at the front end of the U-shaft cutter conical head, the circumference of the root of the U-shaft cutter conical head is radially fixed with the front end of the main shaft, the axis of the U-shaft cutter body is perpendicular to the axis of the U-shaft cutter conical head, a long shaft gear is arranged in the central hole of the U-shaft cutter body, racks are respectively meshed with two sides of the long shaft gear, the two racks respectively extend outwards in a central symmetry along the axial direction of the U-shaft cutter body, and the outer ends of the two racks are respectively fixed with blades;
the rear end of the central hole of the conical head of the U-axis cutter is provided with a thread section and is screwed with a blind rivet, the rear end of the blind rivet is matched with four-petal pull claws, the rear end of the four-petal pull claws is screwed on the periphery of the front end of a pull rod, the pull rod extends backwards along the central hole of the main shaft, the rear part of the pull rod is provided with a main shaft loose cutter disc, and the main shaft loose cutter disc is fixedly connected with a piston of a main shaft loose broach cylinder;
the central shaft of the long shaft gear extends backwards along the central holes of the conical head of the U-shaft cutter and the blind rivet, the tenon at the rear end head of the central shaft of the long shaft gear is inserted into the groove at the front end of the U-shaft transmission shaft, the U-shaft transmission shaft extends backwards along the central hole of the pull rod, and the rear end of the U-shaft transmission shaft is fixedly provided with a U-shaft belt wheel; the rear end of the main shaft is provided with a main shaft belt wheel, the main shaft belt wheel is in transmission connection with a U-shaft planetary belt wheel through a U-shaft synchronous belt I, and the U-shaft planetary belt wheel is in transmission connection with the U-shaft belt wheel through a U-shaft synchronous belt II; the U-axis planetary belt wheel is arranged on a planetary belt wheel shaft through a ball bearing, one end of the planetary belt wheel shaft is fixedly connected with a gear planet carrier, outer teeth of the gear planet carrier are meshed with a U-axis motor gear, and the U-axis motor gear is fixed at the output end of the U-axis motor.
2. The U-axis spindle unit mechanism of claim 1, wherein: the rear part of the main shaft penetrates through the main shaft loose broach cylinder and is symmetrically provided with two main shaft long grooves, and the main shaft loose cutterhead penetrates through the main shaft long grooves; a front top sleeve is embedded on a front boss in the center of the main shaft loose cutter head, the front top sleeve is sleeved on the periphery of the pull rod, and the periphery of the front end of the front top sleeve is slidably supported on the inner wall of the main shaft center hole; the middle section of the central hole of the main shaft is provided with a convex ring in the central hole of the main shaft, and a plurality of disc springs are arranged between the convex ring in the central hole of the main shaft and the front end surface of the front top sleeve.
3. The U-axis spindle unit mechanism of claim 2, wherein: the rear end port of the main shaft is fixed with a main shaft rear end cover through a screw, the main shaft belt wheel is fixed on the main shaft rear end cover, and the rear end of the pull rod penetrates through the main shaft rear end cover and the central hole of the main shaft belt wheel and is provided with a gap; the center of the main shaft rear end cover is provided with a main shaft rear end cover boss protruding backwards, and the left port of the main shaft belt wheel is sleeved on the main shaft rear end cover boss.
4. The U-axis spindle unit mechanism of claim 2, wherein: the rear boss in the center of the main shaft loose cutter disc is embedded with a rear top sleeve, the rear top sleeve is sleeved on the periphery of the pull rod, the rear end of the rear top sleeve is inserted into the inner cavity of the main shaft rear end cover and abuts against a round nut, and the round nut is screwed on the pull rod.
5. The U-axis spindle unit mechanism of claim 4, wherein: the middle part of back top cover is equipped with back top cover boss, the front end of main shaft rear end cap is equipped with main shaft rear end cap bulge loop, main shaft rear end cap bulge loop nestification in the inner chamber of main shaft.
6. The U-axis spindle unit mechanism of claim 2, wherein: the pull rod is provided with a pull rod boss, the rear end faces of the four-petal pull claws are abutted against the front side steps of the pull rod boss, and a gap is reserved between the rear end faces of the pull rod boss and the front end faces of the convex rings in the central holes of the main shafts.
7. The U-axis spindle unit mechanism of claim 1, wherein: the main shaft loose cutter head is provided with a loose cutter head radial air hole, the rear end face of a main shaft loose broach cylinder piston is rotatably connected with a piston air connector, the front end of the piston air connector is communicated with a piston axial air hole, the front end of the piston axial air hole is communicated with the outer end of the loose cutter head radial air hole, the inner end of the loose cutter head radial air hole is communicated with a U shaft transmission shaft central air hole through a radial communication hole on the pull rod and the U shaft transmission shaft, and the U shaft transmission shaft central air hole extends forwards along the axis of the U shaft transmission shaft and is communicated with the U shaft transmission shaft.
8. The U-axis spindle unit mechanism of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the outer periphery of the middle part of the main shaft is fixedly provided with a main shaft driving wheel through a main shaft flat key, the main shaft driving wheel is in transmission connection with a main motor belt wheel through a main shaft synchronous belt, and the main motor belt wheel is fixed at the output end of a main shaft motor.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110205560.0A CN113996821B (en) | 2021-02-24 | 2021-02-24 | U-axis spindle unit mechanism |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110205560.0A CN113996821B (en) | 2021-02-24 | 2021-02-24 | U-axis spindle unit mechanism |
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| CN113996821A CN113996821A (en) | 2022-02-01 |
| CN113996821B true CN113996821B (en) | 2023-08-08 |
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| CN207289462U (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-05-01 | 厦门彬锐数控科技有限公司 | A kind of modified Show knife head |
| CN207402514U (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-05-25 | 厦门彬锐数控科技有限公司 | A kind of new process tool power head |
| CN110860933A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-03-06 | 万向钱潮股份有限公司 | Exhibition sword unit head structure |
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2021
- 2021-02-24 CN CN202110205560.0A patent/CN113996821B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105563206A (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2016-05-11 | 北京海普瑞森科技发展有限公司 | Radial feeding mechanism for facing head of numerical control boring machine |
| CN206351381U (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2017-07-25 | 繁昌县速诚智能设备科技有限公司 | A kind of multifunctional static-pressure formula unit head |
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| CN207289462U (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-05-01 | 厦门彬锐数控科技有限公司 | A kind of modified Show knife head |
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| CN110860933A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-03-06 | 万向钱潮股份有限公司 | Exhibition sword unit head structure |
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| CN113996821A (en) | 2022-02-01 |
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