CN113996346B - 一种催化剂及其在氢化柠檬醛中的应用 - Google Patents
一种催化剂及其在氢化柠檬醛中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Citral Natural products CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CC=O WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 22
- 229940043350 citral Drugs 0.000 title claims description 22
- WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-JXMROGBWSA-N geranial Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\C=O WTEVQBCEXWBHNA-JXMROGBWSA-N 0.000 title claims description 22
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- -1 porphyrin compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000001845 chromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- PRNCMAKCNVRZFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-dimethyloctan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCC(C)CCO PRNCMAKCNVRZFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XVDBWWRIXBMVJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphanyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)P(N(C)C)N(C)C XVDBWWRIXBMVJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 3
- AXVOAMVQOCBPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphos Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CCP(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CCP(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AXVOAMVQOCBPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021556 Chromium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910002666 PdCl2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229960000359 chromic chloride Drugs 0.000 description 3
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- CVKFXBUVLBFHGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21,23-dihydroporphyrin Chemical compound [Co].c1cc2nc1c(-c1ccccc1)c1ccc([nH]1)c(-c1ccccc1)c1ccc(n1)c(-c1ccccc1)c1ccc([nH]1)c2-c1ccccc1 CVKFXBUVLBFHGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- BFSQJYRFLQUZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) iodide Chemical compound I[Ni]I BFSQJYRFLQUZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 2
- 238000007038 hydrochlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- GTZCNONABJSHNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21,23-dihydroporphyrin zinc Chemical compound [Zn].c1cc2nc1c(-c1ccccc1)c1ccc([nH]1)c(-c1ccccc1)c1ccc(n1)c(-c1ccccc1)c1ccc([nH]1)c2-c1ccccc1 GTZCNONABJSHNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TYBMWJKFFPPOGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N1C(C=C2N=C(C=C3NC(=C4)C=C3)C=C2)=CC=C1C=C1C=CC4=N1.C1=CC=CC=C1[Zn](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound N1C(C=C2N=C(C=C3NC(=C4)C=C3)C=C2)=CC=C1C=C1C=CC4=N1.C1=CC=CC=C1[Zn](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 TYBMWJKFFPPOGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- LAIZPRYFQUWUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel chloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ni+2] LAIZPRYFQUWUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VOKXPKSMYJLAIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel;phosphane Chemical compound P.[Ni] VOKXPKSMYJLAIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPGWZZNNEUHDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylphosphine Chemical compound PC1=CC=CC=C1 RPGWZZNNEUHDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenenickel Chemical compound [Ni]=S WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1845—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing phosphorus
- B01J31/185—Phosphites ((RO)3P), their isomeric phosphonates (R(RO)2P=O) and RO-substitution derivatives thereof
- B01J31/1855—Triamide derivatives thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
- B01J31/181—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine
- B01J31/1825—Ligands comprising condensed ring systems, e.g. acridine, carbazole
- B01J31/183—Ligands comprising condensed ring systems, e.g. acridine, carbazole with more than one complexing nitrogen atom, e.g. phenanthroline
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/24—Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
- B01J31/2404—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring
- B01J31/2409—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring with more than one complexing phosphine-P atom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/17—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds
- C07C29/175—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds with simultaneous reduction of an oxo group
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- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/60—Reduction reactions, e.g. hydrogenation
- B01J2231/64—Reductions in general of organic substrates, e.g. hydride reductions or hydrogenations
- B01J2231/641—Hydrogenation of organic substrates, i.e. H2 or H-transfer hydrogenations, e.g. Fischer-Tropsch processes
- B01J2231/643—Hydrogenation of organic substrates, i.e. H2 or H-transfer hydrogenations, e.g. Fischer-Tropsch processes of R2C=O or R2C=NR (R= C, H)
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- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/02—Compositional aspects of complexes used, e.g. polynuclearity
- B01J2531/0238—Complexes comprising multidentate ligands, i.e. more than 2 ionic or coordinative bonds from the central metal to the ligand, the latter having at least two donor atoms, e.g. N, O, S, P
- B01J2531/0241—Rigid ligands, e.g. extended sp2-carbon frameworks or geminal di- or trisubstitution
- B01J2531/025—Ligands with a porphyrin ring system or analogues thereof, e.g. phthalocyanines, corroles
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- B01J2531/20—Complexes comprising metals of Group II (IIA or IIB) as the central metal
- B01J2531/26—Zinc
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- B01J2531/62—Chromium
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Abstract
本发明提供一种新型催化剂的制备方法,所述催化剂包含基体、配体与助剂三部分,所述基体为含有中心金属的卟啉类化合物,所述配体为含有特殊官能团的膦配体化合物,所述助剂为铁、镍、铝、铬类化合物。本发明所述催化剂适用于催化多不饱和度的物质进行加氢反应,具有催化效率高、活性组分流失少、活性稳定的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种催化剂及其在氢化柠檬醛领域的应用。
技术背景
化学反应是构成当今世界的关键技术之一,而催化剂则是化学反应的核心所在。对于大多数的催化剂而言,从投入生产到最终退休,需要经过诱导期、稳定期、失活期三个阶段,导致催化剂失活的原因有很多,其中一种便是催化剂上活性组分的流失。
《乙炔氢氯化PdCl2/C催化剂失活原因分析》中,通过浸渍法制备PdCl2/C催化剂,考察催化剂用于乙炔氢氯化反应制备氯乙烯的活性,结果发现PdCl2/C催化剂具有很高的初始活性,但寿命很短,表征发现,活性组分PdCl2的流失是导致催化剂失活的重要原因。
《湿式催化氧化催化剂及其活性组分流失控制的研究》指出影响活性组分流失的因素包括催化剂的组成、制备条件、使用环境等诸多因素,活性组分的流失是制约化学反应的一大难题。
针对催化剂上活性组分容易流失的问题,本发明提供了一种新型的催化剂制备方法,通过本发明所述方法制备的催化剂具有催化效率高、活性组分流失少、活性稳定的优点。
发明内容
本发明提供一种新型催化剂的制备方法,通过本发明所述方法制备的催化剂具有催化效率高、活性组分流失少、活性稳定性高的优点。
本发明为达到其目的,提供如下技术方案:
首先,本发明涉及一种新型催化剂,该新型催化剂包含基体、配体以及助剂三部分,其中:
a.基体:含有中心金属元素的卟啉类化合物;
b.配体:含有特殊官能团的膦配体化合物;
c.助剂:铁、镍、铝、铬类化合物。
本发明所述基体为含有中心金属元素的卟啉类化合物,其中,所述中心金属元素为铜、锌、钴、钌中的一种或几种,优选为钴,钴可来源于一切含有钴元素的化合物。
所述含有中心金属元素的卟啉类化合物的结构通式为:
其中,M为中心金属元素,R1~R4为相同或不同的基团,可以选自氢、烷基(优选1-3个碳原子的烷基)、苯基、磺酸基、乙酰基等基团。
本发明所述配体为含有特殊官能团的膦配体化合物,所述特殊官能团为具有2~10个碳原子的未支化、支化或环状烃类基团(饱和的或具有多个烯属双键),叔胺类基团,苯基中的一种或几种,优选为叔胺类。此外,所述膦配体化合物中的膦元素数量为1~5,优选为1~3。本发明所述配体具体可选自三(二甲胺基)膦、双(2-二苯磷乙基)苯磷、六乙基亚磷酰三胺、N,N-双(二苯磷)胺等化合物中的一种或几种。
本发明所述助剂需含有铁、镍、铝、铬元素中一种或几种,优选为镍元素,镍可来源于一切含有镍元素的化合物,具体可选自碘化镍、六水合氯化镍、膦化镍、硫化镍中的一种或几种。
本发明所述配体与基体的摩尔比例为0.5~2:1。所述助剂与基体的摩尔比例为1~3:1。
本发明还提供所述催化剂的制备方法,包括:
称量含中心金属元素的卟啉类化合物与膦配体置于烧杯中,混合均匀,向烧杯中加入乙醇,搅拌1~3h后,向烧杯中加入助剂,继续搅拌1~3h,之后在50~80℃下烘干,然后在150~200℃下焙烧3~5h,以上操作全程在氮气保护下进行,制得催化剂。
本发明还提供所述催化剂的用途,应用于多不饱和度底物的加氢反应,尤其适用于氢化柠檬醛制备四氢香叶醇的反应,方法包括:
将底物柠檬醛加入到反应釜中,加入一定量的催化剂,催化剂用量为底物柠檬醛的1wt%~3wt%,密闭反应釜,先后以氮气、氢气对反应釜进行气体置换,之后升温至50~60℃,充氢气至10~20barG,开始反应;
反应结束之后,将釜中气体置换为氮气,排出反应液,向釜中加入新鲜柠檬醛,对催化剂进行套用。
本发明的积极效果在于:
利用卟啉类化合物作为催化剂的基体,卟啉环上丰富的氮元素与反应原料分子上的双键产生吸引作用,有利于催化剂对原料分子的吸附;
向卟啉环上引入含有特殊官能团的膦配体,膦配体与卟啉环中心处的金属元素进行络合,使膦配体助剂上的官能团接近卟啉环中心金属,从而实现对卟啉环催化性能的调变;
此外,通过向催化剂上引入助剂,一方面可以向催化剂上引入更多的活性位点,有利于提高催化转化速率,另一方面,助剂上的金属元素受膦的吸引,与卟啉环中心金属靠近,可以发挥更加优异的协同作用。膦配体上的膦元素可以与助剂金属络合,增强催化剂的稳定性,减少活性组分的流失。
本发明催化剂适用于催化加氢反应,尤其适用于催化多不饱和度的底物进行加氢反应,具有催化效率高、活性组分流失少、活性稳定性高的优点。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例对本发明方法做进一步说明,但本发明不限于所列出的实施例,还应包括在本发明的权利要求范围内其他任何公知的改变。
分析仪器:
气相色谱仪:Agilent 7890,色谱柱DB-5,进样口温度:300℃;分流比50:1;载气流量:50ml/min;升温程序:120℃下保持15min,以10℃/min的速率升至250℃,保持10min,检测器温度:280℃。
原料与试剂:
乙醇纯度99.5%阿拉丁试剂有限公司
四苯基卟啉锌纯度>98%阿拉丁试剂有限公司
四苯基卟啉钴纯度95%阿拉丁试剂有限公司
三(二甲胺基)膦纯度97%阿拉丁试剂有限公司
双(2-二苯磷乙基)苯磷纯度97%阿拉丁试剂有限公司
碘化镍纯度98%阿拉丁试剂有限公司
无水三氯化铬纯度99.9%阿拉丁试剂有限公司
Ni/Al2O3镍负载量为5wt%上海迅凯新材料科技有限公司。
实施例1
催化剂的制备:
称量10g四苯基卟啉钴与2.4g三(二甲胺基)膦于烧杯中,混合均匀,向烧杯中加入100ml乙醇,搅拌1h后,向烧杯中加入4.7g三氯化铬,继续搅拌1h,之后在50℃下烘干,然后在160℃下焙烧5h,以上操作全程在氮气保护下进行,制得1#催化剂。
催化剂活性评价:
称取1g催化剂,置于反应釜中,加入100g柠檬醛,先后以氮气、氢气对反应釜进行气体置换,之后升温至60℃,充氢气至15barG,开始反应,取样分析样品中原料柠檬醛与产物四氢香叶醇含量,计算转化率与选择性。
之后,将釜中气体置换为氮气,排出反应液,向釜中加入新鲜柠檬醛,对催化剂进行套用。
套用次数 | 30 | 60 | 90 | 120 |
2h转化率/% | 99 | 99 | 99 | 98 |
2h选择性/% | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 |
金属流失率/% | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.5 |
实施例2
催化剂的制备:
称量10g四苯基卟啉钴与15.9g双(2-二苯磷乙基)苯磷于烧杯中,混合均匀,向烧杯中加入100ml乙醇,搅拌2h后,向烧杯中加入2.4g三氯化铬,继续搅拌3h,之后在60℃下烘干,然后在150℃下焙烧3h,以上操作全程在氮气保护下进行,制得2#催化剂。
催化剂活性评价:
称取3g催化剂,置于反应釜中,加入100g柠檬醛,先后以氮气、氢气对反应釜进行气体置换,之后升温至55℃,充氢气至10barG,开始反应,取样分析样品中原料柠檬醛与产物四氢香叶醇含量,计算转化率与选择性。
之后,将釜中气体置换为氮气,排出反应液,向釜中加入新鲜柠檬醛,对催化剂进行套用。
套用次数 | 30 | 60 | 90 | 120 |
2h转化率/% | 99 | 98 | 97 | 95 |
2h选择性/% | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 |
金属流失率/% | 0.6 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 2.5 |
实施例3
催化剂的制备:
称量10g四苯基卟啉锌与1.2g三(二甲胺基)膦于烧杯中,混合均匀,向烧杯中加入100ml乙醇,搅拌2h后,向烧杯中加入13.8g碘化镍,继续搅拌2h,之后在80℃下烘干,然后在180℃下焙烧4h,以上操作全程在氮气保护下进行,制得3#催化剂。
催化剂活性评价:
称取2g催化剂,置于反应釜中,加入100g柠檬醛,先后以氮气、氢气对反应釜进行气体置换,之后升温至50℃,充氢气至20barG,开始反应,取样分析样品中原料柠檬醛与产物四氢香叶醇含量,计算转化率与选择性。
之后,将釜中气体置换为氮气,排出反应液,向釜中加入新鲜柠檬醛,对催化剂进行套用。
套用次数 | 30 | 60 | 90 | 120 |
2h转化率/% | 99 | 99 | 98 | 97 |
2h选择性/% | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 |
金属流失率/% | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 2.1 |
对比例
称取1g催化剂(Ni/Al2O3,镍负载量为5wt%),置于反应釜中,加入100g柠檬醛,先后以氮气、氢气对反应釜进行气体置换,之后升温至50℃,充氢气至10barG,开始反应,取样分析样品中原料柠檬醛与产物四氢香叶醇含量,计算转化率与选择性。
之后,将釜中气体置换为氮气,排出反应液,向釜中加入新鲜柠檬醛,对催化剂进行套用。
套用次数 | 30 | 60 | 90 | 120 |
2h转化率/% | 48 | 49 | 42 | 33 |
2h选择性/% | 88 | 90 | 88 | 87 |
6h转化率/% | 99 | 99 | 92 | 85 |
6h选择性/% | 99 | 98 | 96 | 94 |
金属流失率/% | 1.2 | 4.5 | 9.6 | 13.5 |
Claims (12)
1.氢化柠檬醛制备四氢香叶醇的方法,其特征在于,使用的催化剂包含基体、配体以及助剂三部分,其中:
基体:含有中心金属元素的卟啉类化合物;
配体:含有官能团的膦配体化合物;
助剂:铁、镍、铝、铬类化合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述中心金属元素为铜、锌、钴、钌中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述中心金属元素为钴。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述含有中心金属元素的卟啉类化合物的结构通式为:
其中,M为中心金属元素,R1~R4为相同或不同的基团,选自氢、烷基、苯基、磺酸基、乙酰基。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,配体与基体的摩尔比为0.5~2:1。
6.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述膦配体化合物的官能团为具有2~10个碳原子的未支化、支化或环状烃类基团,叔胺类基团,苯基中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述膦配体化合物的官能团为叔胺类基团,膦配体化合物中的膦元素数量为1~5。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述膦配体化合物选自三(二甲胺基)膦、双(2-二苯磷乙基)苯磷、六乙基亚磷酰三胺、N,N-双(二苯磷)胺。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,助剂与基体的摩尔比为1~3:1。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,所述催化剂的制备方法包括:惰性气体氛围下,将基体、配体与助剂混合均匀,之后烘干,焙烧,制得催化剂。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,烘干温度为50~80℃;焙烧温度150~200℃,焙烧时间3~5h。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,包括:将底物柠檬醛加入到反应釜中,之后加入一定量的催化剂,催化剂用量为底物柠檬醛的1wt%~3wt%,密闭反应釜,先后以氮气、氢气对反应釜进行气体置换,之后升温至50~60℃,充氢气至10~20barG,反应。
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