CN113996346B - 一种催化剂及其在氢化柠檬醛中的应用 - Google Patents

一种催化剂及其在氢化柠檬醛中的应用 Download PDF

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CN113996346B
CN113996346B CN202111429374.1A CN202111429374A CN113996346B CN 113996346 B CN113996346 B CN 113996346B CN 202111429374 A CN202111429374 A CN 202111429374A CN 113996346 B CN113996346 B CN 113996346B
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ligand
phosphine
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matrix
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于磊
孙亚明
王亚新
董菁
张永振
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Wanhua Chemical Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种新型催化剂的制备方法,所述催化剂包含基体、配体与助剂三部分,所述基体为含有中心金属的卟啉类化合物,所述配体为含有特殊官能团的膦配体化合物,所述助剂为铁、镍、铝、铬类化合物。本发明所述催化剂适用于催化多不饱和度的物质进行加氢反应,具有催化效率高、活性组分流失少、活性稳定的优点。

Description

一种催化剂及其在氢化柠檬醛中的应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种催化剂及其在氢化柠檬醛领域的应用。
技术背景
化学反应是构成当今世界的关键技术之一,而催化剂则是化学反应的核心所在。对于大多数的催化剂而言,从投入生产到最终退休,需要经过诱导期、稳定期、失活期三个阶段,导致催化剂失活的原因有很多,其中一种便是催化剂上活性组分的流失。
《乙炔氢氯化PdCl2/C催化剂失活原因分析》中,通过浸渍法制备PdCl2/C催化剂,考察催化剂用于乙炔氢氯化反应制备氯乙烯的活性,结果发现PdCl2/C催化剂具有很高的初始活性,但寿命很短,表征发现,活性组分PdCl2的流失是导致催化剂失活的重要原因。
《湿式催化氧化催化剂及其活性组分流失控制的研究》指出影响活性组分流失的因素包括催化剂的组成、制备条件、使用环境等诸多因素,活性组分的流失是制约化学反应的一大难题。
针对催化剂上活性组分容易流失的问题,本发明提供了一种新型的催化剂制备方法,通过本发明所述方法制备的催化剂具有催化效率高、活性组分流失少、活性稳定的优点。
发明内容
本发明提供一种新型催化剂的制备方法,通过本发明所述方法制备的催化剂具有催化效率高、活性组分流失少、活性稳定性高的优点。
本发明为达到其目的,提供如下技术方案:
首先,本发明涉及一种新型催化剂,该新型催化剂包含基体、配体以及助剂三部分,其中:
a.基体:含有中心金属元素的卟啉类化合物;
b.配体:含有特殊官能团的膦配体化合物;
c.助剂:铁、镍、铝、铬类化合物。
本发明所述基体为含有中心金属元素的卟啉类化合物,其中,所述中心金属元素为铜、锌、钴、钌中的一种或几种,优选为钴,钴可来源于一切含有钴元素的化合物。
所述含有中心金属元素的卟啉类化合物的结构通式为:
其中,M为中心金属元素,R1~R4为相同或不同的基团,可以选自氢、烷基(优选1-3个碳原子的烷基)、苯基、磺酸基、乙酰基等基团。
本发明所述配体为含有特殊官能团的膦配体化合物,所述特殊官能团为具有2~10个碳原子的未支化、支化或环状烃类基团(饱和的或具有多个烯属双键),叔胺类基团,苯基中的一种或几种,优选为叔胺类。此外,所述膦配体化合物中的膦元素数量为1~5,优选为1~3。本发明所述配体具体可选自三(二甲胺基)膦、双(2-二苯磷乙基)苯磷、六乙基亚磷酰三胺、N,N-双(二苯磷)胺等化合物中的一种或几种。
本发明所述助剂需含有铁、镍、铝、铬元素中一种或几种,优选为镍元素,镍可来源于一切含有镍元素的化合物,具体可选自碘化镍、六水合氯化镍、膦化镍、硫化镍中的一种或几种。
本发明所述配体与基体的摩尔比例为0.5~2:1。所述助剂与基体的摩尔比例为1~3:1。
本发明还提供所述催化剂的制备方法,包括:
称量含中心金属元素的卟啉类化合物与膦配体置于烧杯中,混合均匀,向烧杯中加入乙醇,搅拌1~3h后,向烧杯中加入助剂,继续搅拌1~3h,之后在50~80℃下烘干,然后在150~200℃下焙烧3~5h,以上操作全程在氮气保护下进行,制得催化剂。
本发明还提供所述催化剂的用途,应用于多不饱和度底物的加氢反应,尤其适用于氢化柠檬醛制备四氢香叶醇的反应,方法包括:
将底物柠檬醛加入到反应釜中,加入一定量的催化剂,催化剂用量为底物柠檬醛的1wt%~3wt%,密闭反应釜,先后以氮气、氢气对反应釜进行气体置换,之后升温至50~60℃,充氢气至10~20barG,开始反应;
反应结束之后,将釜中气体置换为氮气,排出反应液,向釜中加入新鲜柠檬醛,对催化剂进行套用。
本发明的积极效果在于:
利用卟啉类化合物作为催化剂的基体,卟啉环上丰富的氮元素与反应原料分子上的双键产生吸引作用,有利于催化剂对原料分子的吸附;
向卟啉环上引入含有特殊官能团的膦配体,膦配体与卟啉环中心处的金属元素进行络合,使膦配体助剂上的官能团接近卟啉环中心金属,从而实现对卟啉环催化性能的调变;
此外,通过向催化剂上引入助剂,一方面可以向催化剂上引入更多的活性位点,有利于提高催化转化速率,另一方面,助剂上的金属元素受膦的吸引,与卟啉环中心金属靠近,可以发挥更加优异的协同作用。膦配体上的膦元素可以与助剂金属络合,增强催化剂的稳定性,减少活性组分的流失。
本发明催化剂适用于催化加氢反应,尤其适用于催化多不饱和度的底物进行加氢反应,具有催化效率高、活性组分流失少、活性稳定性高的优点。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例对本发明方法做进一步说明,但本发明不限于所列出的实施例,还应包括在本发明的权利要求范围内其他任何公知的改变。
分析仪器:
气相色谱仪:Agilent 7890,色谱柱DB-5,进样口温度:300℃;分流比50:1;载气流量:50ml/min;升温程序:120℃下保持15min,以10℃/min的速率升至250℃,保持10min,检测器温度:280℃。
原料与试剂:
乙醇纯度99.5%阿拉丁试剂有限公司
四苯基卟啉锌纯度>98%阿拉丁试剂有限公司
四苯基卟啉钴纯度95%阿拉丁试剂有限公司
三(二甲胺基)膦纯度97%阿拉丁试剂有限公司
双(2-二苯磷乙基)苯磷纯度97%阿拉丁试剂有限公司
碘化镍纯度98%阿拉丁试剂有限公司
无水三氯化铬纯度99.9%阿拉丁试剂有限公司
Ni/Al2O3镍负载量为5wt%上海迅凯新材料科技有限公司。
实施例1
催化剂的制备:
称量10g四苯基卟啉钴与2.4g三(二甲胺基)膦于烧杯中,混合均匀,向烧杯中加入100ml乙醇,搅拌1h后,向烧杯中加入4.7g三氯化铬,继续搅拌1h,之后在50℃下烘干,然后在160℃下焙烧5h,以上操作全程在氮气保护下进行,制得1#催化剂。
催化剂活性评价:
称取1g催化剂,置于反应釜中,加入100g柠檬醛,先后以氮气、氢气对反应釜进行气体置换,之后升温至60℃,充氢气至15barG,开始反应,取样分析样品中原料柠檬醛与产物四氢香叶醇含量,计算转化率与选择性。
之后,将釜中气体置换为氮气,排出反应液,向釜中加入新鲜柠檬醛,对催化剂进行套用。
套用次数 30 60 90 120
2h转化率/% 99 99 99 98
2h选择性/% 99 99 99 99
金属流失率/% 0.4 0.6 1.0 1.5
实施例2
催化剂的制备:
称量10g四苯基卟啉钴与15.9g双(2-二苯磷乙基)苯磷于烧杯中,混合均匀,向烧杯中加入100ml乙醇,搅拌2h后,向烧杯中加入2.4g三氯化铬,继续搅拌3h,之后在60℃下烘干,然后在150℃下焙烧3h,以上操作全程在氮气保护下进行,制得2#催化剂。
催化剂活性评价:
称取3g催化剂,置于反应釜中,加入100g柠檬醛,先后以氮气、氢气对反应釜进行气体置换,之后升温至55℃,充氢气至10barG,开始反应,取样分析样品中原料柠檬醛与产物四氢香叶醇含量,计算转化率与选择性。
之后,将釜中气体置换为氮气,排出反应液,向釜中加入新鲜柠檬醛,对催化剂进行套用。
套用次数 30 60 90 120
2h转化率/% 99 98 97 95
2h选择性/% 99 99 99 99
金属流失率/% 0.6 1.1 1.5 2.5
实施例3
催化剂的制备:
称量10g四苯基卟啉锌与1.2g三(二甲胺基)膦于烧杯中,混合均匀,向烧杯中加入100ml乙醇,搅拌2h后,向烧杯中加入13.8g碘化镍,继续搅拌2h,之后在80℃下烘干,然后在180℃下焙烧4h,以上操作全程在氮气保护下进行,制得3#催化剂。
催化剂活性评价:
称取2g催化剂,置于反应釜中,加入100g柠檬醛,先后以氮气、氢气对反应釜进行气体置换,之后升温至50℃,充氢气至20barG,开始反应,取样分析样品中原料柠檬醛与产物四氢香叶醇含量,计算转化率与选择性。
之后,将釜中气体置换为氮气,排出反应液,向釜中加入新鲜柠檬醛,对催化剂进行套用。
套用次数 30 60 90 120
2h转化率/% 99 99 98 97
2h选择性/% 99 99 99 99
金属流失率/% 1.0 1.4 1.7 2.1
对比例
称取1g催化剂(Ni/Al2O3,镍负载量为5wt%),置于反应釜中,加入100g柠檬醛,先后以氮气、氢气对反应釜进行气体置换,之后升温至50℃,充氢气至10barG,开始反应,取样分析样品中原料柠檬醛与产物四氢香叶醇含量,计算转化率与选择性。
之后,将釜中气体置换为氮气,排出反应液,向釜中加入新鲜柠檬醛,对催化剂进行套用。
套用次数 30 60 90 120
2h转化率/% 48 49 42 33
2h选择性/% 88 90 88 87
6h转化率/% 99 99 92 85
6h选择性/% 99 98 96 94
金属流失率/% 1.2 4.5 9.6 13.5

Claims (12)

1.氢化柠檬醛制备四氢香叶醇的方法,其特征在于,使用的催化剂包含基体、配体以及助剂三部分,其中:
基体:含有中心金属元素的卟啉类化合物;
配体:含有官能团的膦配体化合物;
助剂:铁、镍、铝、铬类化合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述中心金属元素为铜、锌、钴、钌中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述中心金属元素为钴。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述含有中心金属元素的卟啉类化合物的结构通式为:
其中,M为中心金属元素,R1~R4为相同或不同的基团,选自氢、烷基、苯基、磺酸基、乙酰基。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,配体与基体的摩尔比为0.5~2:1。
6.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述膦配体化合物的官能团为具有2~10个碳原子的未支化、支化或环状烃类基团,叔胺类基团,苯基中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述膦配体化合物的官能团为叔胺类基团,膦配体化合物中的膦元素数量为1~5。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述膦配体化合物选自三(二甲胺基)膦、双(2-二苯磷乙基)苯磷、六乙基亚磷酰三胺、N,N-双(二苯磷)胺。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,助剂与基体的摩尔比为1~3:1。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,所述催化剂的制备方法包括:惰性气体氛围下,将基体、配体与助剂混合均匀,之后烘干,焙烧,制得催化剂。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,烘干温度为50~80℃;焙烧温度150~200℃,焙烧时间3~5h。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,包括:将底物柠檬醛加入到反应釜中,之后加入一定量的催化剂,催化剂用量为底物柠檬醛的1wt%~3wt%,密闭反应釜,先后以氮气、氢气对反应釜进行气体置换,之后升温至50~60℃,充氢气至10~20barG,反应。
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