CN113993599B - 具有封装在减震载体中的电子装置的运动球 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种运动球,包括嵌入在其中的传感电子装置。该电子装置被支撑在球的壁的内表面上,处于朝球的中心向内延伸的弹性体保护套内。该弹性体保护套配置成在球被使用时保护所述电子装置,避免其在冲击下损坏,并且对球的性能特点几乎没有影响。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及运动和运动相关器材领域,更具体地说,涉及一种包含嵌入式电子装置的运动器材,例如篮球、橄榄球和足球,所述嵌入式电子装置例如是印刷电路板、天线、收发器、传感器、电池和电池充电电子装置。
背景技术
近年来,已经开发了许多基于传感器的技术来监测运动员在各种体育活动中的表现。在本文中所用的″监测″应理解为广义地指跟踪运动员的表现的几乎所有参数,包括运动员的身体的速度、加速度、所在地点、运动员的身体的位置、向运动对象(球、冰球等)施加的力,等等。在使用附接到运动对象上或嵌入在运动对象内的传感器来监测运动对象本身的行为的情况下,重要的是使运动对象的行为尽可能不受传感器以及球内的包围和保护传感器的结构的影响。例如,一般来说,已知的是可在篮球内布置传感器,并使用该传感器来测量篮球的各种参数(位置、施加到篮球上的力、加速度、旋转、轨迹等。)但是,由于篮球运动严重依赖于运球(即,使球弹跳),因此以不改变篮球的形状或弹性、不在篮球表面上产生″死点″或不以其他方式有害地影响篮球在运球期间的弹跳特性、篮球在撞击篮球架上的篮框或篮板后的反弹性能、或篮球在投篮的飞行期间的旋转和轨迹的方式在球中嵌入传感器是至关重要的,也是具有挑战性的。
发明内容
以下公开内容的特征在于一种具有嵌入式传感器模块的运动对象,例如篮球。该传感器模块包括配置成产生并广播与有该传感器模块嵌入的运动对象相关联的唯一标识码的电子元件,例如传感器和发射器。该唯一标识码可被外部接收器和计算机系统检测到并使用,以跟踪运动对象的位置。所述传感器模块旨在隔离和保护电子元件,使其免受与在比赛中使用运动对象相关的冲击和震动,而不会明显改变运动对象的正常性能特点。
因此,在一个方面中,本发明的特征在于一种运动球,该运动球包括可充气的球胆以及附接至球胆壁的内表面的传感器模块。该传感器模块朝球的中心向内延伸到球胆中,该传感器模块包括弹性体保护套以及布置在弹性体保护套的囊中的传感器组件。该传感器组件包括无线电发射器、可充电电池和配置成给可充电电池充电的无线谐振充电线圈。典型情况下,该无线电发射器、可充电电池和无线谐振充电线圈均附接到机械地支撑这些元件并将它们电互连起来的印刷电路板上,或者附接到其它支撑基板上。为了最大限度地减少对球的行为的影响,无线谐振充电线圈在保护套内位于从球胆壁隔开一定距离的位置(即,在朝向球的中心的方向上)。尤其是,由于无线谐振充电线圈在朝向球的中心的方向上与球胆壁隔开——使用无线谐振充电而不是像在其它装置中那样使用感应式Qi型充电允许更大间距——在篮球被弹起而压缩时,充电线圈不太可能被篮球壁撞击,即使球在传感器模块的位置直接落地。
在根据本发明的运动球的实施例中,所述传感器组件——尤其是基板——处于大致垂直于球胆的内表面的取向。所述无线谐振充电线圈可处于垂直于基板的取向,并且位于基板的较靠近球胆壁的一端。适当的方式是,该无线谐振充电线圈可在传感器模块与球胆的附接点附近处于大致平行于球胆壁的取向,当然,能预见到,随着无线谐振充电技术的进步,在充电线圈的特定取向方面会有更大的设计自由度。这种进步可能允许将无线谐振充电线圈平行于基板布置,例如以叠置结构布置。
此外,所述保护套可与传感器组件的形状紧密相符,使得在保护套内几乎没有未被占用的空间。有利的方式是,保护套可包括延伸到所述囊中的纵向延伸肋,以将传感器组件固定在囊中,同时在保护套内保留少量的空闲空间。有利的方式是,所述保护套是纵向对称或尽可能对称的,这使得保护套的振动特性是尽可能各向同性的。
为了实现电子通信,所述传感器组件可具有布置在基板上的天线,例如布置在与电池所在的基板侧相反的基板侧。该天线可位于与附接有无线谐振充电线圈的基板端相反的基板端,例如位于最靠近球的中心的基板端。此外,所述传感器组件可包括具有无线电能力的芯片式超宽带装置,该装置例如配置成发送唯一标识码。
所述传感器模块可包括设置在最靠近球胆内壁的保护套的囊的端部内的插头形护帽。该护帽可包括在长度方向上大致位于护帽的中部的周向肋,而所述保护套的囊可包括形成在该囊的壁中的周向槽,所述周向肋配装到该周向槽中,以将护帽以及由此的传感器组件固定在保护套内。
适当的方式是,所述保护套包括凸缘,所述保护套借助于所述凸缘固定到球胆的壁上,例如通过自硫化过程固定。
在另一个方面中,本发明的特征在于一种运动球,该运动球包括可充气的球胆以及附接至球胆的壁的内表面的传感器模块。该传感器模块朝球的中心向内延伸到球胆中,该传感器模块包括弹性体保护套以及传感器组件,该传感器组件布置在弹性体保护套内,并延伸到超出弹性体保护套的开敞下端的位置。该传感器组件包括无线电发射器、可充电电池和配置成给可充电电池充电的无线谐振充电线圈。典型情况下,该无线电发射器、可充电电池和无线谐振充电线圈均附接到机械地支撑这些元件并将它们电互连起来的印刷电路板上,或者附接到其它支撑基板上。为了最大限度地减少对球的行为的影响,无线谐振充电线圈在保护套内位于从球胆的壁隔开一定距离的位置(即,在朝向球的中心的方向上)。尤其是,由于无线谐振充电线圈在朝向球的中心的方向上与球胆壁隔开——使用无线谐振充电而不是像在其它装置中那样使用感应式Qi型充电允许更大间距——在篮球被弹起而压缩时,充电线圈不太可能被篮球的壁撞击,即使球在传感器模块的位置直接落地。
附图说明
通过阅读下文中的详细说明以及附图,本发明的这些特征和其它进一步特征将变得更加清楚,在附图中:
图1是根据本发明的具有嵌入式传感器模块的球的示意性截面图,其中图1A是图1的圈内部分的放大图;
图2A和2B是根据本发明的传感器组件(图1和1A中所示的模块的一部分)的三维渲染图,其中图2A示出了在元件封装之前的传感器组件,图2B示出了使用塑料通过包覆成型对元件进行封装之后的传感器组件;图2C-2G分别是图2A和2B中所示的传感器组件的边视图、一侧的侧视图、另一侧的侧视图、俯视图和仰视图;
图3A-3C是根据本发明的封装传感器的保护套(图1和1A中所示的模块的一部分)的透视图、截面图和俯视图;
图4是用于将图2A-2G中所示的传感器组件封闭在图3A-3C中所示的保护套内的护帽的侧视图;以及
图5A和5B是从稍微不同的角度观察时的两个透视图,示出了本发明的另一个实施例。
具体实施方式
图1和1A示出了根据本发明的内部传感器模块104在篮球的内部球胆100的内表面上的布置。一般来说,球胆100是相当常规的,只是它包括用于接收内部传感器模块104的孔102。传感器模块104包括芯片式传感器组件(在图1和1A中未标出,但在下文中更详细地说明),该传感器组件被容纳在大致杯形的橡胶保护套106中。保护套106包括位于其上端(即,距球的中心最远的一端)的圆形凸缘108,该凸缘通过自硫化过程覆盖在并结合到球胆100的外表面上。
为了制造所要求保护的发明的球,球胆100形成有附接到其上的保护套106。在球胆100上缠线,并且在线上硫化第二层橡胶,以形成球胆、线圈和骨架的复合结构。然后,将传感器组件安装到保护套106中;安装护帽(在图1和1A中未标出,但下文中将详细说明);然后通过接触胶合剂将覆盖件层压到现在包含传感器模块的复合结构上。或者,可在球胆上缠线之后插入传感器,然后可施加带有未硫化的护帽的第二层橡胶,下一步是进行硫化。这会在传感器上产生均匀的硫化橡胶表面。
在图2A-2G中示出了基于芯片的传感器组件210的进一步细节。通常,传感器212可包括具有无线电能力的基于芯片的超宽带标签,该标签能够发送嵌入有传感器212的特定球所特有的唯一标识码。因此,传感器212包含各种芯片和电子元件214、以及安装到将各种电子元件互连起来的印刷电路板218或另一个支撑基板上的发射/接收天线216。传感器212还包含可充电电池220,例如115毫安时的锂聚合物电池,该可充电电池安装在印刷电路板218的与安装有天线216的一侧相反的一侧(以避免电池220与天线216之间的干扰)。
传感器组件210利用谐振无线充电技术给电池220充电。因此,传感器组件210还包括谐振无线充电线圈222。使用谐振无线充电而不是感应式Qi型充电,因为与感应式Qi型充电的情况相比,次级能量接收线圈(即,充电线圈222)可位于距充电电源更远的位置。与使用感应式Qi型充电的情况相比,这允许充电线圈222处于篮球内部更深的位置,并且将充电线圈222置于篮球内部更深的位置有助于最大限度地减少或者降低线圈222对篮球的弹跳和回弹性能的影响。
值得注意的是,充电线圈222处于垂直于印刷电路板218的取向,并附接至与安装有天线216的印刷电路板218端部相反的印刷电路板218端部。这种布置便于将印刷电路板218的天线承载端尽可能远地插入到篮球内部,这有利于定位球在空间中的准确位置(例如通过计算机实现的三角测量算法),同时使充电线圈222处于针对充电目的的最佳取向,即,基本上平行于篮球的壁的最近部分(当然,能够预见,随着无线谐振充电技术的进步,在充电线圈的特定取向方面会有更大的设计自由度)。
充电线圈印刷电路板224与充电线圈222配套,并且包含控制充电线圈222的操作以对电池220充电的电路。使用四柱印刷电路板连接器126(图1A)将充电线圈222及其配套印刷电路板224连接至传感器组件210,以将充电线圈印刷电路板224附接至传感器印刷电路板218,其中柱中的两个分别焊接到两个印刷电路板218、224之中的每一个上,并用作″锚固件″。在将电池220和充电天线222及其配套印刷电路板224组装到传感器印刷电路板218上之后,就可使用硬聚氨酯型材料228等包覆传感器组件210的所有部件,以将这些部件保持在一起,并防止它们在运球等过程中经受的高加速力的作用下挣脱。(适当的方式是,如果天线216是PCB天线,那么不包覆天线216的表面,以允许来自天线216的信号自由发射,但是如果天线216是芯片式天线,那么要包覆天线216的表面。)
在图3A-3C中更详细地示出了保护套306。如上文所述,保护套306由橡胶制成,例如丁基橡胶或者丁基橡胶和丁苯橡胶(SBR)的混合物,并且被加工到35-45肖氏硬度。此外,如上文所述,保护套306是大致杯形的,具有内腔或囊330,该内腔或囊330配置成接收传感器组件310(在图3B中以阴影线区域表示),并且其周围的多余空间相对最小。换句话说,保护套306与传感器组件310的形状紧密相符。这个特征很重要,因为若在保护套306内有过多的多余空间(例如气腔332),那么在对球充气时,多余空间内的压力积累会将传感器组件310从保护套306和球中压出。传感器组件310能够配装到囊330中足够远的位置,以使充电线圈222位于距球胆的壁一定距离的位置处(即,在朝向球的中心的方向上)。
另一方面,需要一些气腔或空气导管以更容易将传感器组件310完全插入到囊330中,或者在需要时从囊330中取出传感器组件310。若没有气腔或导管供空气进入囊或从囊中逸出,则被困在囊330中的气泡会阻碍将传感器组件310完全插入到囊330中(因为难以压缩这种被困的气泡),或者真空力会阻碍将传感器组件310从囊330中取出。因此,为了提供少量的多余空间,同时仍使传感器组件310很好地固定在囊330中,并且为了强化囊330,设有沿着囊330的壁纵向延伸的肋334。肋334径向伸入到囊334的内部足够远的位置,以抵靠传感器组件330的不包含电池的一侧,并且在肋的任一侧上形成空气导管。
有利的方式是,保护套是纵向对称或尽可能对称的,这使得保护套的振动特性是尽可能各向同性的。
在保护套306的顶部附近,凹槽336在凸缘308的正下方围绕保护套336的外表面沿周向延伸。通过调节凹槽336的深度和曲率半径,能″微调″整个传感器模块的振动特性,以最大限度地减少对篮球的性能的影响。
在将传感器组件310完全插入到保护套306内的囊330中之后,就可使用如图4所示的插头形护帽440封闭囊330。护帽440可由与保护套306相同的材料制成。护帽440是大致圆柱形的,并且具有基本上在护帽440的上端与下端之间的中部围绕护帽的表面沿周向延伸的肋442、以及略微圆拱的上端444。肋442配装到在囊330的插座形上端348附近围绕囊330的壁沿周向延伸的凹槽346内,以将护帽440固定在保护套308内。护帽440的上端444是圆拱的,以在球的球胆100膨胀时与其曲率匹配,从而最大限度地减少对球的形状和因此的性能的影响。
图5A和5B示出了根据本发明的被封装/支撑的传感器组件的另一个实施例500。在被安装在球中的这个实施例中,其中所述球以与上文关于图1描述的方式相同的方式制造,橡胶套506形成为截锥体,具有开放的下端(即,较靠近嵌入有传感器的球的中心的一端)。这种端部开放的截锥形结构有助于减轻传感器″套件″的重量,从而使嵌入有传感器的球表现得更像没有嵌入传感器的标准球。
此实施例中使用的传感器组件(即,印刷电路板、各种芯片和电子元件以及发射/接收天线,包括它们的组件和设置)与上述实施例中使用的传感器组件相同或大致相似。与上述传感器组件类似,在图5A和5B所示的实施例中使用的传感器组件被封装在使用塑料或其它覆层材料包覆成型的聚氨酯″壳″内。
如图所示,保护套506具有围绕中心开口沿周向延伸的一对凹槽546a和546b,而传感器组件具有围绕其外端沿周向延伸的环形肋550。因此,将传感器组件插入到保护套506的中心开口中,并推向球的中心,直到传感器组件的环形肋550接合在保护套中的下部(即,最内部)凹槽546a中,并且传感器组件从保护套506的开敞下端突出。
然后,将也具有沿周向延伸的环形肋554的插头552插入到传感器套件上方的保护套506的中心开口内,并将其向前按压,直到插头的环形肋554与保护套中的上凹槽546b接合。这将传感器组件固定就位。
应理解,上文的优选实施例说明仅用于解释目的,本领域技术人员能想到对所公开的实施例的各种修改和与这些实施例的各种偏差。在下面的权利要求中阐述了专利证书所涵盖的内容。
Claims (15)
1.一种运动球,包括:
可充气的球胆(100);和
传感器模块(104),所述传感器模块附接至所述球胆的壁的内表面并朝球的中心向内延伸到球胆中,该传感器模块包括具有开放的下端的弹性体保护套以及传感器组件(310),该传感器组件布置在所述弹性体保护套的囊(330)内,并延伸到超过所述弹性体保护套的开放的下端;
其中,所述传感器组件(310)包括基板;固定到基板的一侧的可充电电池(220);以及连接至基板的一端并设置成给可充电电池(220)充电的无线谐振充电线圈,该无线谐振充电线圈在弹性体保护套内、在朝向球的中心的方向上位于与所述可充气的球胆(100)的壁隔开一距离的位置;并且
其中,所述基板、所述可充电电池(220)和所述无线谐振充电线圈被包覆成型并包装在覆层材料内;
其特征在于,所述弹性体保护套包括位于其上端的圆形凸缘(108),该圆形凸缘(108)覆盖在球胆(100)的外表面并将所述弹性体保护套的上端结合到所述球胆(100)的外表面以将弹性体保护套的上端固定到所述球胆(100);
其中,所述弹性体保护套还包括凹槽(336),其位于弹性体保护套的顶部附近、圆形凸缘(108)的正下方,所述凹槽(336)围绕弹性体保护套的外表面沿周向延伸;
其中,通过调节所述圆形凸缘(108)下方的所述凹槽(336)的深度和曲率半径,调整所述传感器模块的振动特性,以使对运动球的性能的影响最小化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的运动球,其中,所述无线谐振充电线圈处于垂直于所述基板的取向。
3.根据权利要求2所述的运动球,其中,所述无线谐振充电线圈位于基板的比基板的相对端更靠近所述球胆(100)的壁的一端,并且所述无线谐振充电线圈在所述传感器模块与所述球胆(100)的附接点附近大致平行于所述球胆(100)的壁。
4.根据权利要求1所述的运动球,其中,所述弹性体保护套与所述传感器组件(310)的形状相符。
5.根据权利要求4所述的运动球,其中,所述弹性体保护套包括延伸到所述囊(330)中的纵向延伸肋,以将所述传感器组件(310)固定在囊(330)中,同时在所述弹性体保护套内保留少量未被占用的空间。
6.根据权利要求1所述的运动球,还包括布置在所述基板上的天线(216)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的运动球,其中,所述天线(216)位于与可充电电池(220)位于其上的基板的一侧相对的基板的一侧上。
8.根据权利要求6所述的运动球,其中,所述天线(216)位于与附接有无线谐振充电线圈的基板的一端相对的基板的一端。
9.根据权利要求6所述的运动球,其中,所述天线(216)位于最靠近球的中心的基板的一端。
10.根据权利要求1所述的运动球,还包括连接至基板的无线电发射器,该无线电发射器配置为发送所述运动球所特有的唯一标识码。
11.根据权利要求10所述的运动球,其中,所述无线电发射器是基于芯片的超宽带无线电发射器。
12.根据权利要求1所述的运动球,还包括布置在所述囊(330)的最靠近所述球胆(100)的端部内的插头形护帽(440)。
13.根据权利要求12所述的运动球,其中,所述护帽包括在长度方向上位于护帽的中部的周向肋,并且所述囊(330)包括形成在其壁中的周向凹槽,并且所述周向肋装配在该周向凹槽内,以将护帽以及因此的传感器组件(310)固定在弹性体保护套内。
14.根据权利要求1所述的运动球,其中,所述基板包括印刷电路板(218)。
15.根据权利要求1所述的运动球,其中,所述弹性体保护套是纵向对称的。
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