CN113991308A - High-gain broadband electromagnetic dipole dielectric antenna - Google Patents
High-gain broadband electromagnetic dipole dielectric antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN113991308A CN113991308A CN202111264515.9A CN202111264515A CN113991308A CN 113991308 A CN113991308 A CN 113991308A CN 202111264515 A CN202111264515 A CN 202111264515A CN 113991308 A CN113991308 A CN 113991308A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/104—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces using a substantially flat reflector for deflecting the radiated beam, e.g. periscopic antennas
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-gain broadband electromagnetic dipole dielectric antenna which comprises a rectangular radiation medium arranged above a metal reflection floor in an overhead mode, wherein the lower surface of the rectangular radiation medium is parallel to the metal reflection floor, a pair of collinear metal strip lines parallel to the long edge of the rectangular radiation medium are symmetrically attached to the rectangular radiation medium, and the inner ends of the metal strip lines are connected with a pair of input ports through metal probes. The antenna generates an electric dipole by differentially exciting a pair of metal strip lines and simultaneously generates a magnetic dipole by exciting an upper rectangular radiation medium, thereby forming an electromagnetic dipole antenna to realize wide impedance bandwidth and high front-to-back ratio. The broadband.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a high-gain broadband electromagnetic dipole dielectric antenna.
Background
The 5G NR is a unified and more powerful novel 5G wireless air interface global standard. It will provide faster and greater capacity for future communication systems between mobile devices and base stations in cellular networks. The new 5G NR spectrum at frequencies below 6GHz is an important frequency band for 5G network deployment, providing the best balance between coverage and capacity, especially N77 (3300) -4200MHz, N78 (3300) -3800MHz), and N79 (4400) -5000 MHz. Therefore, how to develop new applications in these 5G NR spectra using advanced techniques and improve performance is of great importance. The large-scale multiple input multiple output technology is one of the important technologies commonly used in the radio frequency front end, and the array is formed in a spatial multiplexing mode, so that the channel capacity and the gain performance are improved. However, the antenna array is bulky and heavy, which presents a serious challenge to the miniaturization of mimo systems. Therefore, a miniaturized and lightweight antenna is an urgent need for a mimo array in the 5G NR in the future.
The dielectric resonator antenna has the advantages of small loss, small volume, light weight, high design freedom, selectable dielectric constant and the like, and is widely applied to antennas. However, the height of these antennas always exceeds 0.20 λ0(λ0Is the central operating frequency f0Free space wavelength) which is still too high to meet the stringent requirements of miniaturization and light weight of the base station. The difficulty is the deteriorated radiation pattern and the impedance matching. To solve this problem, dielectric ceramics having a high dielectric constant are used in antennas. However, the use of a higher dielectric constant results in an increase in the unloaded quality factor Q of the operating mode in the antennaIs large. Q is inversely proportional to the bandwidth, i.e. a high Q will result in a narrowing of the bandwidth of the antenna or, in the worst case, no radiation at all. In addition, high back lobe radiation and low gain are also major challenges facing most dielectric antennas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the defects of the prior art are overcome, and the high-gain broadband electromagnetic dipole dielectric antenna with the simple structure is provided.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the high-gain broadband electromagnetic dipole dielectric antenna provided by the invention is characterized in that: the metal reflection floor comprises a rectangular radiation medium arranged above a metal reflection floor in an overhead mode, the lower surface of the rectangular radiation medium is parallel to the metal reflection floor, a pair of collinear metal strip lines parallel to the long edge of the rectangular radiation medium are symmetrically attached to the rectangular radiation medium, and the inner ends of the metal strip lines are connected with a pair of input ports through metal probes.
The invention integrates and designs the rectangular radiation medium and the metal strip line to respectively realize the functions of a magnetic dipole and an electric dipole. By means of the unique working principle of the electromagnetic dipole antenna, radiation back lobes of electromagnetic dipoles can be mutually offset, and therefore the front-to-back ratio of an antenna radiation pattern is improved. The design adopts a dielectric material with high dielectric constant, thereby realizing the miniaturization of the antenna. In addition, the space reserved between the overhead medium and the metal reflective ground can enhance the gain and bandwidth and provide stable gain in the whole impedance bandwidth.
Wherein a pair of metal strip lines are on the same straight line, and the rectangular support medium is positioned right below the center of the rectangular radiation medium and is vertical to the pair of metal strip lines but does not intersect. The rectangular supporting medium is positioned right above the center of the metal reflecting floor. The SMA input port is perpendicular to the metal reflective floor. Meanwhile, the SMA input port penetrates through a circular through hole in the metal reflection floor and is connected with one end of the metal strip line.
The high-gain broadband electromagnetic dipole dielectric antenna provided by the invention integrates and designs the rectangular radiation medium and the metal strip line, and realizes the functions of a magnetic dipole and an electric dipole respectively. By means of the unique working principle of the electromagnetic dipole antenna, radiation back lobes of electromagnetic dipoles can be mutually offset, and therefore the front-to-back ratio of an antenna radiation pattern is improved. The electromagnetic dipole antenna structure of the high dielectric constant medium arranged in an overhead way is a key technology in the design. The antenna has small volume, can enhance the gain of the antenna and provide wide impedance bandwidth, and can also provide gain with stable size in the impedance bandwidth. The antenna has the advantages of wide impedance bandwidth, small size, high isolation, high gain, low cross polarization and the like.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is an exploded view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top perspective view of an antenna of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a side perspective view of an antenna of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a performance parameter graph of reflection coefficient and radiation gain of the antenna under differential excitation according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an E-plane and H-plane radiation pattern for an antenna of an embodiment of the present invention at 3.4 GHz.
Fig. 6 is an E-plane and H-plane radiation pattern for an antenna of an embodiment of the present invention at 3.7 GHz.
The numbers in the figures are as follows:
the antenna comprises a 1-rectangular radiation medium, a 2-supporting medium, a 3-metal strip line, a 4-metal reflection floor, a 5-circular through hole, a 6-forward signal input port and a 7-reverse signal input port.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3, the high-gain broadband electromagnetic dipole dielectric antenna of the present embodiment includes a rectangular radiation medium 1 disposed above a metal reflective floor 4 in an overhead manner, and a lower surface of the rectangular radiation medium 1 is parallel to the metal reflective floor 4. A pair of collinear metal strip lines 3 parallel to the long sides of the rectangular radiation medium 1 are symmetrically attached to the lower surface of the rectangular radiation medium 1, the inner ends of the metal strip lines 3 are connected with a pair of input ports (an SMA input port is adopted in the embodiment) through metal probes, wherein 6 is a forward signal input port, and 7 is a reverse signal input port. In this example, a rectangular radiation medium 1 is supported at its center above a metal reflection floor 4 by a support medium 2. The supporting medium 2 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, the side surface of which is perpendicular to the metal strip line 3, and a gap is provided between the supporting medium 2 and the metal strip line 3. As shown in fig. 1, a circular through hole 5 is formed in the metal reflective floor 4, and the SMA interface passes through the circular through hole 5 formed in the metal reflective floor 4 to be fixed. The shell part of the SMA interface is an outer conductor which is directly welded and fixed with the circular through hole 5 of the metal reflection floor 4, and the inner conductor is used as a metal probe (or passes through the metal probe) and connected with the inner end of the metal strip wire 3.
In this example, the SMA coaxial head is used for feeding, and the combination of the coaxial head and the structure is most suitable for industrial manufacturing. Of course, other interface forms can also be used in principle, such as: the bottom substrate is arranged, and feeding is carried out through the microstrip transmission line.
In this example, the rectangular radiation medium 1 is a dielectric ceramic material having a dielectric constant ε r120, loss tangent tan δ 7 × 10-4Volume is w1×l2×h1. The rectangular supporting medium 2 is used for supporting the rectangular radiation medium 1, is positioned right below the center of the rectangular radiation medium 1, is made of the same material as the rectangular radiation medium 1, and has a volume w of the rectangular supporting medium 23×w3×h2. The distance between the lower surface of the rectangular radiation medium 1 and the metal reflection floor 4 (i.e., the height h of the rectangular support medium 2)2) In relation to the operating frequency of the antenna, h in this case2＝6mm。
Under the condition of differential feed, a pair of equal-amplitude reverse radio-frequency signals are respectively transmitted along a pair of microstrip feed lines, and the excitation of the antenna is realized by utilizing the input differential signals. The size of the metal reflective floor 4 is l1×l1Two SMA input ports (a forward signal input port 6 and a reverse signal input port 7) penetrate through the circular through hole 5 on the metal reflection floor 4 to be connected with one end of the metal strip wire, the circle center of the metal strip wire is overlapped with the circle center of the circular through hole 5 on the metal reflection floor 4, and the length of the metal strip wire is l3Width ofAre all w2The diameter of the circular hole is d1The distance between the centers of the two input ports is S.
The detailed dimensions of the antenna of this embodiment are listed in table I. The antenna section has electrical dimensions of 0.43mm x 0.19mm x 0.14 mm.
Table I detailed dimensions of the antenna
Fig. 4 is a graph of the reflection coefficient and the antenna gain performance parameter when the antenna of the embodiment is excited by the differential port. It can be seen that the antenna can achieve 15% impedance bandwidth at-15 dB in the 3.27-3.8GHz range, and that the gain curve has only a small ripple between 7.9dBi and 8.4dBi in the impedance bandwidth. Fig. 5 shows the E-plane and h-plane radiation patterns of port 1 at 3.34GHz for an example antenna. Fig. 6 shows the E-plane and h-plane radiation patterns of port 1 at 3.69GHz for an example antenna. It can be observed that the radiation pattern has good symmetry and stability. The front-to-back ratio of the antenna radiation pattern is greater than 32 dB. While the main planned polarization field is 40dB greater than the corresponding cross polarization field strength. Finally, the half-power beamwidths for the rectangular radiating dielectric antenna example are listed in table ii.
TABLE II 3dB beam width of rectangular radiation dielectric dipole antenna
From the above results, it can be seen that the high-gain broadband electromagnetic dipole dielectric antenna of the present example has the characteristics of small size, high front-to-back ratio, stable in-band gain, relatively high and low cross polarization.
In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A high-gain broadband electromagnetic dipole dielectric antenna is characterized in that: the metal reflection floor comprises a rectangular radiation medium (1) arranged above a metal reflection floor (4) in an overhead mode, the lower surface of the rectangular radiation medium (1) is parallel to the metal reflection floor (4), a pair of metal strip lines (3) which are parallel to and collinear with the long edge of the rectangular radiation medium (1) are symmetrically attached to the rectangular radiation medium, and the inner end of each metal strip line (3) is connected with a pair of input ports (6 and 7) through a metal probe.
2. The high-gain broadband electromagnetic dipole dielectric antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein: the middle part of the rectangular radiation medium (1) is supported above the center of the metal reflection floor (4) through the supporting medium (2).
3. A high gain broadband electromagnetic dipole dielectric antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the supporting medium (2) is cuboid, the side surface of the supporting medium is perpendicular to the metal strip line (3), and a gap is formed between the supporting medium (2) and the metal strip line (3).
4. The high-gain broadband electromagnetic dipole dielectric antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein: the input ports (6, 7) are provided with coaxial outer conductors and inner conductors, the outer conductors are connected with the metal reflection floor (4), and the inner conductors are connected with the inner ends of the metal strip lines (3).
5. The high-gain broadband electromagnetic dipole dielectric antenna as recited in claim 4, wherein: the input ports (6 and 7) are SMA interfaces, the input ports (6 and 7) penetrate through a circular through hole (5) formed in the metal reflection floor (4) for fixing, and the outer shell part of the input ports is an outer conductor and is welded and fixed with the circular through hole (5) of the metal reflection floor (4).
6. The high-gain broadband electromagnetic dipole dielectric antenna as recited in claim 5, wherein: the input ports (6, 7) are fixed perpendicular to the metal reflective floor (4).
7. A high gain broadband electromagnetic dipole dielectric antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the distance between the lower surface of the rectangular radiation medium (1) and the metal reflection floor (4) is related to the frequency of the antenna.
8. A high gain broadband electromagnetic dipole dielectric antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the rectangular radiation medium (1) and the supporting medium (2) are made of the same material.
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| CN202111264515.9A CN113991308B (en) | 2021-10-28 | 2021-10-28 | High-gain wide-band electromagnetic dipole medium antenna |
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| CN202111264515.9A CN113991308B (en) | 2021-10-28 | 2021-10-28 | High-gain wide-band electromagnetic dipole medium antenna |
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| CN113991308B CN113991308B (en) | 2023-06-20 |
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2021
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