CN113990981A - 一种单晶绒面光滑圆整处理工艺 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种单晶绒面光滑圆整处理工艺,包括步骤:S1.用碱性溶液对硅片制绒后表面尖锐的金字塔结构进行微刻蚀,以获得圆整光滑的绒面结构;S2.使用常温去离子水清洗硅片;S3.使用KOH和H2O2的混合溶液清洗硅片;S4.使用常温去离子水清洗硅片;S5.使HF溶液清洗去除硅片表面氧化层,让硅片易于脱水;S6.使用去离子水清洗硅片;S7.硅片脱水烘干。本发明采用KOH等碱性溶液取代传统酸性溶液进行单晶硅片表面绒面的光滑圆整处理,显著减少了含N、含F废液的产生,提高工艺环保性的同时还避免了额外设备投入,有利于降低电池片的生产成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能电池制备技术领域,特别涉及一种单晶绒面光滑圆整处理工艺。
背景技术
目前,大规模开发利用太阳能光伏发电的核心在于提升太阳电池的光电转换效率和降低太阳电池的生产成本。硅基异质结(HIT)太阳能电池是新兴的第三代高效太阳能电池技术,它结合了第一代单晶硅与第二代硅薄膜的优势,具有转换效率高、温度系数低等一系列优点,具有极大的发展潜力和广阔的应用前景,有望引领整个硅基太阳能电池的发展方向。
钝化层的制备是硅基异质结太阳电池制作过程中最为关键的一个工艺步骤,高质量的钝化层可以有效抑制载流子在硅表面的复合以及提高少子寿命,从而起到提高电池光电转换效率的作用。然而,相对于传统晶硅电池中涉及的约80nm厚的氮化硅钝化层而言,硅基异质结太阳能电池的非晶硅钝化层厚度极薄,仅有5-10nm,因此非晶硅钝化层的沉积对硅片表面形貌有着格外高的要求。
目前的HIT太阳电池制造工艺中,为了获得硅片表面较好的减反效果,首先会通过清洗制绒工艺进行硅片表面的织构化处理,在其表面刻蚀出具有吸光效果的金字塔绒面结构。然而该结构因其尖峰锐利,易于在非晶硅沉积过程中引起等离子体放电等不利因素,使得非晶硅薄膜沉积很不均匀,严重影响薄膜质量,最终导致电池转换效率的下降。
现有技术通常是将经清洗制绒后的单晶硅片浸泡在HNO3和HF的混合溶液中,在一定温度和时间的刻蚀下,使得绒面变的光滑圆整。但该方法会产生大量含F、含N的废液,这些废液需要经过一些列废水处理以及用大量水进行稀释后才能达到排放标准,无形中增加了电池片的生产成本。为避免含N废液的产生,有采用臭氧代替HNO3先对硅片表面进行氧化处理,再采用HF溶液对硅片表面进行刻蚀的技术路线。但该方法仍需处理产生的含F废液,并且还需增配一台高臭氧机台,设备投入随之增加。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种单晶绒面光滑圆整处理工艺,包括如下步骤:
S1.用碱性溶液对硅片制绒后表面尖锐的金字塔结构进行微刻蚀,以获得圆整光滑的绒面结构;
S2.使用常温去离子水清洗硅片;
S3.使用KOH和H2O2的混合溶液清洗硅片;
S4.使用常温去离子水清洗硅片;
S5.使HF溶液清洗去除硅片表面氧化层,让硅片易于脱水;
S6.使用去离子水清洗硅片;
S7.硅片脱水烘干。
其中,步骤S1中,将制绒后的单晶硅片浸泡在质量分数为0.05%-0.5%KOH溶液中对硅片表面尖锐的金字塔结构进行微刻蚀,刻蚀温度为25-35℃,刻蚀时间为30-120s。
其中,步骤S2、S4及S6中,清洗时长均为60-120s。
其中,步骤S3中,KOH的质量分数为0.5%-1.2%,H2O2的质量分数为3%-10%,清洗时长110-180s。
其中,步骤S5中,HF溶液的体积分数为2%-6%,清洗时长为90-180s。
通过上述技术方案,本发明采用KOH等碱性溶液取代传统酸性溶液进行单晶硅片表面绒面的光滑圆整处理,显著减少了含N、含F废液的产生,提高工艺环保性的同时还避免了额外设备投入,有利于降低电池片的生产成本。
具体实施方式
本实施例提供的单晶绒面光滑圆整处理工艺,包括如下步骤:
S1.用碱性溶液对硅片制绒后表面尖锐的金字塔结构进行微刻蚀,以获得圆整光滑的绒面结构;具体为,将制绒后的单晶硅片浸泡在质量分数为0.05%-0.5%KOH溶液中对硅片表面尖锐的金字塔结构进行微刻蚀,刻蚀温度为25-35℃,刻蚀时间为30-120s;
S2.使用常温去离子水清洗硅片60-120s;
S3.使用KOH和H2O2的混合溶液清洗硅片;其中,KOH的质量分数为0.5%-1.2%,H2O2的质量分数为3%-10%,清洗时长110-180s;
S4.使用常温去离子水清洗硅片60-120s;
S5.使HF溶液清洗去除硅片表面氧化层,让硅片易于脱水;其中,HF溶液的体积分数为2%-6%,清洗时长为90-180s;
S6.使用去离子水清洗硅片60-120s;
S7.硅片脱水烘干。
本发明采用KOH等碱性溶液取代传统酸性溶液进行单晶硅片表面绒面的光滑圆整处理,显著减少了含N、含F废液的产生,提高工艺环保性的同时还避免了额外设备投入,有利于降低电池片的生产成本。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对上述实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种单晶绒面光滑圆整处理工艺,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1.用碱性溶液对硅片制绒后表面尖锐的金字塔结构进行微刻蚀,以获得圆整光滑的绒面结构;
S2.使用常温去离子水清洗硅片;
S3.使用KOH和H2O2的混合溶液清洗硅片;
S4.使用常温去离子水清洗硅片;
S5.使HF溶液清洗去除硅片表面氧化层,让硅片易于脱水;
S6.使用去离子水清洗硅片;
S7.硅片脱水烘干。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种单晶绒面光滑圆整处理工艺,其特征在于,步骤S1中,将制绒后的单晶硅片浸泡在质量分数为0.05%-0.5%KOH溶液中对硅片表面尖锐的金字塔结构进行微刻蚀,刻蚀温度为25-35℃,刻蚀时间为30-120s。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种单晶绒面光滑圆整处理工艺,其特征在于,步骤S2、S4及S6中,清洗时长均为60-120s。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种单晶绒面光滑圆整处理工艺,其特征在于,步骤S3中,KOH的质量分数为0.5%-1.2%,H2O2的质量分数为3%-10%,清洗时长110-180s。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种单晶绒面光滑圆整处理工艺,其特征在于,步骤S5中,HF溶液的体积分数为2%-6%,清洗时长为90-180s。
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