CN113988560A - Air conditioning unit adjustability assessment method participating in demand side response - Google Patents
Air conditioning unit adjustability assessment method participating in demand side response Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an air conditioning unit adjustability evaluation method participating in demand side response, which comprises the steps of establishing an indoor thermomechanical model, respectively under the condition that a single air conditioner participates in demand side response and does not participate in demand side response, calculating the running time and the standby time of the single air conditioner according to the initial state of the single air conditioner, comparing the running time which does not participate in demand side response and is in the demand side response duration with the running time which participates in demand side response and is in the demand side response duration, calculating the adjustability of the single air conditioning unit by combining the cooling power and the energy efficiency ratio of the air conditioning unit, taking the sum of the adjustability of all the air conditioners in the air conditioning unit as the total adjustability, and regulating and controlling the total adjustability on power grid control. According to the method and the device, the adjustability of the air conditioning unit is accurately evaluated, and the high efficiency of the air conditioning unit participating in demand side response is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power distribution networks, in particular to an air conditioning unit adjustability evaluation method participating in demand side response.
Background
In recent years, the amount of electricity used has continued to increase rapidly. The existing data show that in 2019, when the total electricity consumption in the world reaches 74866.1 hundred million kilowatts, the load peak-valley difference is also rapidly increased, and more adjustability is needed to reduce the peak-valley difference. However, in environmental concerns, conventional generator sets are being phased out and do not provide sufficient adjustability for the power system. Thus, maintaining supply-demand balance becomes increasingly difficult.
To alleviate the pressure of power generation and transmission during peak loads, demand side response (DR) is a widely used method of peak load shedding. Demand-side responses are directed to users to change their power usage behavior by reducing peak-hour power consumption or shifting peak-hour loads to low peak hours. Especially in summer, the electricity consumption of Air Conditioners (ACs) is increased rapidly and accounts for more than 40% of the total power load, and the requirement of the extremely large electricity consumption on energy is very large. Considering the thermal inertia of indoor air, if the air conditioner is turned off in a short time, the indoor temperature change is not large, and the demand side response control is performed on the air conditioner based on the indoor temperature change, but how to accurately evaluate the adjustability of the air conditioning unit so as to realize the high efficiency of the air conditioning unit participating in the demand side response is a problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an air conditioning unit adjustability evaluation method participating in demand side response, which is characterized in that when a single air conditioner does not participate in demand side response, the operation time and the standby time of the air conditioner in a set time are analyzed when the air conditioner is in different initial states, and when the air conditioner participates in demand side response, the operation time and the standby time in a set time are compared with the operation time not participating in demand side response, so that the adjustability is obtained, and the sum of the adjustable energy-saving forces of all the single air conditioners is the adjustability of a power grid.
In a first aspect, the above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
an indoor thermodynamic model is established, under the condition that a single air conditioner participates in demand side response and does not participate in demand side response, the operation time and the standby time of the single air conditioner are calculated according to the initial state of the single air conditioner, the adjustable capacity of the single air conditioner unit is calculated by combining the cooling power and the energy efficiency ratio of the air conditioner unit, and the sum of the adjustable capacities of all the air conditioners in the air conditioner unit is the total adjustable capacity.
The invention is further configured to: establishing an indoor thermodynamic model for describing the dynamic process of indoor real-time temperature, wherein the dynamic process is related to the heat capacity of a room, the heat resistance of the room and the cooling capacity of an air conditioner and is represented by the following formula:
in the formula, TARepresenting the indoor temperature, C the heat capacity of the room, QgainIndicating all heat gained, including cooling of air conditionersHeat, heat exposed to sunlight, heat generated by various electrical appliances in a room, QlossThe heat loss in a room is related to the heat resistance of the room and the indoor and outdoor temperatures.
The invention is further configured to: and respectively calculating the running time and the standby time of the air conditioning unit in different initial states when the air conditioning unit does not participate in the response of the demand side and participates in the response of the demand side, comparing the running time of the air conditioning unit which does not participate in the response of the demand side and the running time of the air conditioning unit which participates in the response of the demand side in the same initial state, and calculating the adjustable capacity.
The invention is further configured to: under the condition that the air conditioning unit does not participate in the demand side response, the initial state of the air conditioning unit is in operation, and the set time t isDRRunning time t 'of internal air conditioning unit'on1Comprises the following steps:
the standby time is as follows: t'off1＝tDR-t′on1 (3)；
Wherein R represents heat resistance of the room, C represents heat capacity of the room, and TsIndicating the room starting temperature, ToutIndicating the ambient temperature, TminRepresents the lowest temperature, P, acceptable to the usercoolWhich represents the cooling power of the air conditioning unit.
The invention is further configured to: under the condition that the air conditioning unit does not participate in the demand side response, when the initial state of the air conditioning unit is standby, the air conditioning unit is set for time tDRIn-air conditioner unit standby time t'off2Comprises the following steps:
the running time is as follows: t'on2＝tDR-t′off2 (5)；
In the formula, TsetIndicating air conditioner set temperature，TdbAnd setting an error interval value of the temperature of the air conditioner.
The invention is further configured to: under the condition that the air conditioning unit participates in the response of the demand side, when the response of the demand side is started, if the air conditioning unit is in the running state, the air conditioning unit is switched to the standby state, and if the room temperature reaches the highest temperature in the response duration period of the demand side, the air conditioning unit enters the running state and abandons the participation in the response of the demand side; and if the air conditioning unit is in the standby state, continuing to maintain the standby state.
The invention is further configured to: operating time t of air conditioning unitonAnd a standby time toffRespectively expressed as:
in the formula, a time t is setDREqual to the demand side response duration, TmaxIndicating the highest temperature acceptable to the user.
The invention is further configured to: adjustability of individual air conditioners EDRIn relation to the air conditioning power and the standby time, the following equation is shown:
EDR＝PAC(t′onj-ton) (8)；
in the formula, PACRepresenting power of a single air conditioner, PAC＝pcool/EER，PcoolIndicating the cooling power of the air conditioner, EER indicating the cooling efficiency of the air conditioner, j equal to 1 or 2 indicating the initial state of the air conditioner when not participating in the demand side response.
The invention is further configured to: the total adjustability of the n air conditioners is the sum of all n individual air conditioners and is represented by the following formula:
in a second aspect, the above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
an air conditioning unit adjustability evaluation terminal participating in demand side response comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to realize the method.
In a third aspect, the above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, which computer program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method of the present application.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of this application do:
1. according to the method, when a single air conditioner does not participate in the demand side response, the air conditioner is in different initial states, the running time and the standby time within a set time are compared with the running time within a set time when the single air conditioner participates in the demand side response, the adjustability of the single air conditioner is calculated, and a foundation is provided for power grid adjustment;
2. further, the method and the device have the advantages that the adjustability of all the air conditioners is summarized to obtain the power grid adjustability for adjusting the power grid;
3. furthermore, the power consumption in the peak period is restrained and the load of the power grid is adjusted by adjusting the operation time of the air conditioner.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a timing diagram of an operation mechanism of an air conditioner;
FIG. 2 is a timing diagram of the demand side response with the air conditioner in an active state at the start of the response;
fig. 3 is a timing diagram illustrating the standby state of the air conditioner at the start of the demand-side response.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment
The method for evaluating the adjustability of the air conditioning unit participating in the demand side response comprises the steps of firstly calculating the running time and the standby time of a single air conditioner starting from different initial states and within a set time when the single air conditioner does not participate in the demand side response; calculating the running time and the standby time of the single air conditioner within a set time when the single air conditioner participates in the demand side response, namely the demand side response time; and calculating the adjustable operation time of the single air conditioner according to the initial state of the single air conditioner, thereby calculating the adjustable power of the single air conditioner, and summarizing the adjustable power of all n air conditioners in the air conditioning unit to obtain the total adjustable power of the air conditioning unit.
In order to maintain the relative stability of the indoor temperature, the heat exchange capacity of the indoor determines whether the air conditioner is operated, as shown in fig. 1, the indoor temperature fluctuates within a set temperature range, which is dependent on the dead zone.
When the air conditioner is operated, the indoor temperature is reduced along with the time until the indoor temperature is lower than the boundary temperature Tset-Tdb, and the power of the Air Conditioner (ACs) reaches the rated power Prated. Once the temperature is below the boundary temperature, the AC will transition to a standby state. When the air conditioner is in a standby state, the power of the air conditioner is close to 0, cooling is stopped, the indoor temperature can slowly rise, the rising rate is mainly related to the heat exchange capacity of the room, and the air conditioner can be in the standby state until the temperature exceeds Tset + Tdb. Therefore, during the whole operation process of the air conditioner, the air conditioner is in the cycle switching of the running state and the standby state, wherein Tset represents the set temperature of the air conditioner, and Tdb represents the error interval value of the set temperature of the air conditioner.
And establishing an indoor thermodynamics (ETP) model for evaluating the heat exchange capacity of the room and describing an indoor real-time temperature dynamic process.
An indoor thermodynamics (ETP) model, represented by the formula:
Qgain＝QAC+Qsun+Qloads (2)；
Qloss＝(TA-Tout)/R (3)；
wherein C is the heat capacity of the room, indicating the heat storage capacity of the room, and if the heat capacity of the room is large, the temperature of the room is more difficult to change; r represents heat resistance of the room, and is heat insulating ability of the room.
QgainRepresents all of the heat gained, including the cooling heat of the air conditioner, the heat of sunlight exposure, the heat generated by various appliances in the room; qlossThe heat loss in a room is related to the heat resistance of the room and the indoor and outdoor temperatures.
QACIndicating the cooling capacity of the air conditioner, and relating to the rated electric power and the refrigeration Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) of the air conditioner; qsunIs the heat of sunlight exposure; qloadsRepresenting the heat generated by the various appliances in the room.
TAIndicating the room temperature, ToutRepresenting the ambient temperature.
At the beginning of a set time, the initial state of a single air conditioner can be divided into two cases of an operation state and a standby state, and when the single air conditioner does not participate in the demand side response, the operation time and the standby time of the air conditioner in the set time are respectively calculated as follows:
the initial state of the single air conditioner is running and at the set time tDRRunning time t 'of internal air conditioning unit'on1Comprises the following steps:
the standby time is as follows: t'off1＝tDR-t′on1 (5)；
Wherein R represents heat resistance of the room, C represents heat capacity of the room, and TsIndicating the room starting temperature, ToutIndicating the ambient temperature, TminRepresents the lowest temperature, P, acceptable to the usercoolWhich represents the cooling power of the air conditioning unit.
When the initial state of the single air conditioner is in standby, the air conditioner sets the time tDRIn-air conditioner unit standby time t'off2Comprises the following steps:
the running time is as follows: t'on2＝tDR-t′off2 (7)；
In the formula, TsetIndicating the set temperature, T, of the air conditionerdbAnd setting an error interval value of the temperature of the air conditioner.
When the single air conditioner participates in the demand side response, when the single air conditioner receives the demand side response instruction, the air conditioner needs to be switched to the standby state no matter the air conditioner is in the running state or the standby state, and the standby time and the indoor initial temperature T at the momentsMaximum acceptable temperature for user TmaxThe environmental heat exchange and other parameters are related, and the time point for finishing the response of the demand side is related, but the time point for finishing the response of the demand side is not well determined, and the corresponding indoor temperature when the demand response is finished is not well determined, so the response time t of the demand side is tDRThe operation time of the air conditioner is tDRThe standby time is subtracted.
When the demand side responds to start, if the air conditioner is running, the air conditioner is switched to a standby state, and the power is rapidly reduced from P to 0; if the indoor temperature reaches the highest temperature acceptable by the user, but the demand side response (DR) is continued, in order to ensure the comfort of the user, the air conditioner enters an operation state and reduces the room temperature, but does not continuously participate in the demand side response.
When the demand-side response is started, if the air conditioner is in a standby state, the air conditioning load cannot be reduced any more. However, since the indoor temperature reaches the maximum temperature acceptable to the user (the maximum temperature T acceptable to the user)maxGreater than (T)set+Tdb) And thus the standby time may be extended.
The main potential of the air conditioning unit to participate in demand-side response is derived from extending the standby state of the air conditioner to reduce the run time of the air conditioner during peak periods, depending on the operating characteristics of the air conditioner. The adjustability of the air conditioner to participate in the demand-side response is equal to the response power of the air conditioner multiplied by the duration. And if the air conditioner is in the working state, the response power is equal to the rated power of the air conditioner. If the air conditioner is in a standby state, the response power is equal to 0, but the standby time is extended.
After the parameters of the room and the air conditioner are determined, the duration of the standby state and the running state depends on the maximum temperature rise, since the air conditioner will exit the demand side response after the maximum temperature is reached. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, when the demand-side response is started, the initial state of the air conditioner is switched to the standby state regardless of the operating state or the standby state, that is, the air conditioner participating in the demand response, and the adjustability only needs to consider the case where the initial state is the standby state.
Indoor real-time temperature T according to indoor thermodynamic (ETP) modelair(t) is represented by the following formula:
in the formula, Tair(T) represents the room temperature at time T, Tair(t- Δ t) represents the room temperature at time t- Δ t, PcoolDenotes a cooling power of the air conditioner, and Δ t denotes a calculation period.
The operating time t of a single air conditioner while participating in demand-side responsesonAnd a standby time toffRespectively expressed as:
in the formula, for the convenience of analysis, time t is setDREqual to the demand side response duration, TmaxIndicating the highest temperature acceptable to the user.
Whether the air conditioner participates in the demand-side response or not, the power of the air conditioner is equal to the cooling power divided by the Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER), which represents the cooling efficiency of the air conditioner.
Comparing the running time of the single air conditioner participating in the demand side response with the running time of the single air conditioner not participating in the demand side response to obtain the adjustability E of the single air conditionerDRAs shown in the following formula:
EDR＝PAC(t′onj-ton) (11)；
PAC＝Pcoll/EER (12)；
in the formula, PACRepresenting power of a single air conditioner, PcollIndicating the cooling power of the air conditioner, EER indicating the cooling efficiency of the air conditioner, j equal to 1 or 2 indicating the initial state of the air conditioner when not participating in the demand side response.
If the air conditioning unit comprises n air conditioners, the sum of the adjustable energy-saving power of all the n air conditioners is the total adjustable capacity of the air conditioning unit
Detailed description of the invention
An embodiment of the present invention provides an air conditioning unit adjustability evaluation terminal device participating in demand side response, where the terminal device of the embodiment includes: a processor, a memory and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, for example a program calculating the adjustability of individual air conditioners, the processor implementing the method in embodiment 1 when executing the computer program.
Illustratively, the computer program may be partitioned into one or more modules/units that are stored in the memory and executed by the processor to implement the invention. The one or more modules/units may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing specific functions, and the instruction segments are used for describing the execution process of the computer program in the air conditioning unit adjustability evaluation terminal equipment participating in demand side response. For example, the computer program may be divided into a plurality of modules, and the calculation is performed for each air conditioner, and the specific functions of the modules are as follows:
and the plurality of calculation modules are used for calculating the adjustable capacity of each air conditioner.
The air conditioning unit adjustability evaluation terminal device participating in demand side response can be a desktop computer, a notebook computer, a palm computer, a cloud server and other computing devices. The air conditioning unit adjustability evaluation terminal device participating in demand side response can comprise, but is not limited to, a processor and a memory. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the above examples are merely examples of the air conditioning unit adjustable capacity evaluation terminal device participating in the demand-side response, and do not constitute a limitation of the air conditioning unit adjustable capacity evaluation terminal device participating in the demand-side response, and may include more or less components than those shown in the drawings, or combine some components, or different components, for example, the air conditioning unit adjustable capacity evaluation terminal device participating in the demand-side response may further include an input/output device, a network access device, a bus, and the like.
The Processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), other general purpose Processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable logic device, discrete Gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, etc. The general processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor, and the processor is a control center of the air conditioning unit adjustable capacity evaluation terminal device participating in the demand side response, and various interfaces and lines are used to connect various parts of the whole air conditioning unit adjustable capacity evaluation terminal device participating in the demand side response.
The memory can be used for storing the computer program and/or the module, and the processor realizes various functions of the adjustable capacity evaluation terminal equipment of the air conditioning unit participating in the response of the demand side by running or executing the computer program and/or the module stored in the memory and calling the data stored in the memory. The memory may mainly include a storage program area and a storage data area, wherein the storage program area may store an operating system, an application program required by at least one function (such as a sound playing function, an image playing function, etc.), and the like; the storage data area may store data (such as audio data, a phonebook, etc.) created according to the use of the cellular phone, and the like. In addition, the memory may include high speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk, a memory, a plug-in hard disk, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) Card, a Flash memory Card (Flash Card), at least one magnetic disk storage device, a Flash memory device, or other volatile solid state storage device.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment
The module/unit integrated with the air conditioning unit adjustability evaluation terminal device participating in demand side response can be stored in a computer readable storage medium if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product. Based on such understanding, all or part of the flow of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention may also be implemented by a computer program, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method embodiments may be implemented. Wherein the computer program comprises computer program code, which may be in the form of source code, object code, an executable file or some intermediate form, etc. The computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, usb disk, removable hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer Memory, Read-only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), electrical carrier wave signals, telecommunications signals, software distribution medium, etc.
The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (11)
1. The method is characterized in that an indoor thermodynamic model is established, under the condition that a single air conditioner participates in demand side response and does not participate in demand side response, the operation time and the standby time of the single air conditioner are calculated according to the initial state of the single air conditioner, the adjustable capacity of the single air conditioner is calculated by combining the cooling power and the energy efficiency ratio of the air conditioner, and the sum of the adjustable capacities of all the air conditioners in the air conditioner is the total adjustable capacity.
2. The method for evaluating the adjustability of an air conditioning unit to participate in demand-side response of claim 1, wherein an indoor thermodynamic model is created to describe the dynamic course of real-time indoor temperature, which is related to the heat capacity of the room, the heat resistance of the room, and the cooling capacity of the air conditioner, and is expressed by the following formula:
in the formula, TARepresenting the indoor temperature, C the heat capacity of the room, QgainRepresenting all heat gained, including cooling heat of air conditioning, heat of sunlight exposure, heat generated by various appliances of the room, QlossThe heat loss in a room is related to the heat resistance of the room and the indoor and outdoor temperatures.
3. The method for evaluating the adjustability of the air conditioning unit participating in the demand-side response according to claim 1, characterized in that when the air conditioning unit is not participating in the demand-side response and is participating in the demand-side response, respectively, the operating time and the standby time of the air conditioning unit in different initial states are calculated, and the operating time of the air conditioning unit not participating in the demand-side response and the operating time of the air conditioning unit participating in the demand-side response are compared in the same initial state to calculate the adjustability.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the air conditioning unit is initially in operation and is set to operate at a set time t when the air conditioning unit does not participate in the demand-side responseDRRunning time t 'of internal air conditioning unit'on1Comprises the following steps:
the standby time is as follows: t'off1＝tDR-t′on1 (3)；
Wherein R represents heat resistance of the room, C represents heat capacity of the room, and TsIndicating the room starting temperature, ToutIndicating the ambient temperature, TminRepresents the lowest temperature, P, acceptable to the usercoolWhich represents the cooling power of the air conditioning unit.
5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method for evaluating the adjustability of the air conditioning unit is performed at a set time t when the air conditioning unit is in a standby state without participating in the demand-side responseDRIn-air conditioner unit standby time t'off2Comprises the following steps:
the running time is as follows: t'on2＝tDR-t′off2 (5)；
In the formula, TsetIndicating the set temperature, T, of the air conditionerdbAnd setting an error interval value of the temperature of the air conditioner.
6. The method for evaluating the adjustability of the air conditioning unit participating in the demand-side response of claim 3, wherein under the condition that the air conditioning unit participates in the demand-side response, when the demand-side response is started, if the air conditioning unit is in the running state, the air conditioning unit is switched to the standby state, and if the room temperature reaches the highest temperature during the demand-side response duration, the air conditioning unit enters the running state, and the participation in the demand-side response is abandoned; and if the air conditioning unit is in the standby state, continuing to maintain the standby state.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the air conditioning unit has an operation time tonAnd a standby time toffRespectively expressed as:
in the formula, a time t is setDREqual to the demand side response duration, TmaxIndicating the highest temperature acceptable to the user.
8. The method for evaluating the adjustability of an air conditioning unit to participate in demand-side responses of claim 1, wherein the adjustability E of a single air conditionerDRIn relation to the air conditioning power and the standby time, the following equation is shown:
EDR＝PAC(t′onj-ton) (8)；
in the formula, PACRepresenting power of a single air conditioner, PAC＝Pcool/EER，PcoolIndicates nullAnd adjusting the cooling power, wherein EER represents the cooling efficiency of the air conditioner, and j is equal to 1 or 2, which represents the initial state of the air conditioner when the air conditioner does not participate in the demand side response.
9. The method for evaluating the adjustability of an air conditioning unit for participating in demand-side responses of claim 1, wherein the total adjustability of n air conditioners is the sum of all n individual air conditioners and is represented by the following formula:
10. an air conditioning unit adjustability evaluation terminal that participates in demand side responses, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized by: the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the method of any of claims 1-9.
11. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| EP4254707A1 (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-10-04 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Air conditioning predictive power management system and method |
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| EP4254707A1 (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-10-04 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Air conditioning predictive power management system and method |
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