CN113985297A - Early warning method and device for thermal runaway of battery induced by overcharge and storage medium - Google Patents
Early warning method and device for thermal runaway of battery induced by overcharge and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method, a device and a storage medium for early warning of thermal runaway of a battery induced by overcharge, wherein the method comprises the following steps: monitoring the temperature, the voltage and the current of a target battery in charging to obtain temperature monitoring data, voltage monitoring data and current monitoring data; acquiring battery state parameters of a target battery according to the temperature monitoring data, the voltage monitoring data and the current monitoring data; determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameters and a preset thermal runaway early warning model; and carrying out thermal runaway early warning treatment on the target battery according to the thermal runaway early warning grade. By implementing the invention, the reliability of the overcharge grading early warning based on simple and easily-obtained parameters such as temperature, temperature rise rate, voltage change rate, overcharge current multiplying power and the like is high, the actual operation difficulty is small, the early warning system is convenient and feasible, the design cost of the enterprise early warning system can be reduced, and the life and property safety of passengers can be ensured to a great extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a method and a device for early warning thermal runaway of a battery caused by overcharge and a storage medium.
Background
In recent years, lithium ion power batteries are widely used in the fields of electric vehicles, energy storage, light electric vehicles, electric ships and the like. Along with the large-scale application of power batteries, in recent years, the frequency of fire accidents caused by the power batteries is high, the number of types of vehicles is large, the related range is wide, and the safety problem becomes a key factor for restricting the development of industries. The development of an effective new energy automobile thermal runaway early warning and alarming system is not slow.
In the thermal runaway of the lithium ion power battery, overcharge is one of important causes for the thermal runaway of the lithium ion power battery. A lithium ion power battery system is generally composed of hundreds of battery cells connected in series and in parallel, and if a battery management system or a charger is damaged, the battery is in an unreasonable voltage interval and overcharging occurs. In addition, as the battery ages in the using process, the consistency of the battery cells is gradually reduced, the battery management system is difficult to accurately identify the states of the battery cells, and some cells may be overcharged, which causes great potential safety hazards.
At present, systematic research is carried out on an alarm method after thermal runaway triggering of the lithium ion power battery in the industry, and a series of related patents and standards are formed. But effective alarm signals can not prevent the occurrence of thermal runaway events, and always threaten the life safety and property loss of the public.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a method, an apparatus, and a storage medium for early warning of thermal runaway of a battery induced by overcharge, so as to solve a technical problem in the prior art that an accurate early warning manner is lacking before thermal runaway of a lithium ion power battery occurs.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for warning of thermal runaway of a battery induced by overcharge, including: monitoring the temperature, the voltage and the current of a target battery in charging to obtain temperature monitoring data, voltage monitoring data and current monitoring data; acquiring battery state parameters of the target battery according to the temperature monitoring data, the voltage monitoring data and the current monitoring data, wherein the battery state parameters comprise the current temperature, the current voltage, the current temperature rise rate, the current voltage change rate and the charging rate of the target battery; determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameters and a preset thermal runaway early warning model, wherein the thermal runaway early warning model is generated based on a plurality of lithium ion batteries with the same type as the target battery; and carrying out thermal runaway early warning treatment on the target battery according to the thermal runaway early warning grade.
Optionally, the thermal runaway early warning model is generated by: obtaining a plurality of lithium ion batteries with the same type as the target battery type; overcharging the lithium ion batteries based on the same test environment to obtain temperature data, voltage data and current data of the batteries; determining a plurality of thermal runaway early warning levels and corresponding preset voltage thresholds, preset temperature thresholds, preset voltage change rate thresholds, preset temperature rise rate thresholds and preset charging multiplying power thresholds according to the temperature data, the voltage data and the current data of the plurality of lithium ion batteries; and generating the thermal runaway early warning model corresponding to the target battery according to the multiple thermal runaway early warning grades and corresponding preset voltage thresholds, preset temperature thresholds, preset voltage change rate thresholds, preset temperature rise rate thresholds and preset charging rate thresholds.
Optionally, the thermal runaway early warning level comprises a first-level early warning level, and the preset voltage threshold comprises a first voltage threshold; correspondingly, the determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameter of the target battery and the thermal runaway early warning model comprises: and when the current voltage of the target battery is greater than the first voltage threshold, determining that the thermal runaway early warning grade of the target battery is a first-grade early warning grade.
Optionally, the thermal runaway early warning level comprises a secondary early warning level, the preset voltage threshold comprises a second voltage threshold, and the preset charging rate threshold comprises a first charging rate; correspondingly, the determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameter of the target battery and the thermal runaway early warning model comprises: acquiring a first temperature rise rate of the target battery within a preset time period; when the current charging multiplying power of the target battery is smaller than the first charging multiplying power, the current voltage is larger than the first voltage threshold, the first temperature rise rate is larger than or equal to the target temperature rise rate, and the first temperature rise rate is larger than the first rate threshold, determining that the thermal runaway early warning grade of the target battery is a secondary early warning grade; alternatively, a first voltage of the target battery during overcharge is acquired; and when the current charging multiplying power of the target battery is larger than or equal to the first charging multiplying power and the first voltage is larger than or equal to the second voltage threshold, determining that the thermal runaway early warning grade of the target battery is a secondary early warning grade.
Optionally, the thermal runaway early warning level includes a third early warning level, and the preset voltage threshold includes a third voltage threshold; correspondingly, the determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameter of the target battery and the thermal runaway early warning model comprises: and if the current charging multiplying power of the target battery is smaller than the first charging multiplying power, the current voltage reaches the third voltage threshold value, the voltage does not rise within the preset time, the first temperature rise rate is greater than or equal to the target temperature rise rate, and the first temperature rise rate is greater than the first rate threshold value, the thermal runaway early warning grade of the target battery is determined to be a three-grade early warning grade.
Optionally, the warning level of thermal runaway includes a fourth-level warning level, the preset temperature threshold includes a first temperature threshold, and the preset voltage threshold includes a fourth voltage threshold; correspondingly, the determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameter of the target battery and the thermal runaway early warning model comprises: when the current charging multiplying power of the target battery is smaller than the first charging multiplying power, the current voltage is larger than the first voltage threshold, the first temperature rise rate is larger than or equal to the target temperature rise rate, the first temperature rise rate is larger than the first rate threshold, and the current temperature reaches the first temperature threshold, determining that the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery is a four-stage early warning level; alternatively, a second voltage of the target battery during overcharge is acquired; and when the current charging multiplying power of the target battery is larger than or equal to the first charging multiplying power and the second voltage is larger than or equal to a fourth voltage threshold, determining that the thermal runaway early warning grade of the target battery is a four-stage early warning grade.
Optionally, the thermal runaway early warning level includes a five-level early warning level, the preset voltage change rate threshold includes a first voltage change rate threshold, and the preset temperature rise rate includes a second temperature rise rate; correspondingly, the determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameter of the target battery and the thermal runaway early warning model comprises: acquiring the current voltage change rate and the current temperature rise rate of the target battery; and when the current voltage change rate of the target battery is greater than the first voltage change rate threshold value and the current temperature rise rate is greater than the second temperature rise rate, determining that the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery is a five-level early warning level.
A second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery thermal runaway early warning device, including: the monitoring module is used for monitoring the temperature, the voltage and the charging multiplying power of a target battery in charging to obtain temperature monitoring data, voltage monitoring data and current monitoring data; the parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring battery state parameters of the target battery according to the temperature monitoring data, the voltage monitoring data and the current monitoring data, wherein the battery state parameters comprise the current temperature, the current voltage, the current temperature rise rate, the current voltage change rate and the charging multiplying power of the target battery; the grade determining module is used for determining the thermal runaway early warning grade of the target battery according to the battery state parameters and a preset thermal runaway early warning model, and the thermal runaway early warning model is generated based on a plurality of lithium ion batteries with the same type as the target battery; and the early warning processing module is used for carrying out thermal runaway early warning processing on the target battery according to the thermal runaway early warning grade.
A third aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the overcharge-induced battery thermal runaway warning method according to any one of the first aspect and the first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention.
A fourth aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including: the overcharge-induced battery thermal runaway early warning method comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory and the processor are in communication connection with each other, the memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions so as to execute the overcharge-induced battery thermal runaway early warning method according to any one of the first aspect and the first aspect of the embodiments of the invention.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the following effects:
the early warning method, the early warning device and the storage medium for the overcharge-induced thermal runaway of the battery provided by the embodiment of the invention realize the grading early warning in the scene of the overcharge-induced thermal runaway through characteristic data such as the real-time temperature, the voltage and the charging rate of the battery which are simple and easy to obtain. The method for carrying out thermal runaway graded early warning is beneficial to eliminating the potential safety hazard of thermal runaway in time, greatly reducing the occurrence probability of thermal runaway, being beneficial to guaranteeing the life safety of the public and reducing property loss. And moreover, the reliability of overcharge grading early warning based on simple and easily-obtained parameters such as temperature, temperature rise rate, voltage change rate, overcharge current multiplying power and the like is high, the actual operation difficulty is low, convenience and feasibility are realized, the design cost of an enterprise early warning system can be reduced, and the life and property safety of passengers can be guaranteed to a great extent.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an overcharge-induced thermal runaway warning method of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of an overcharge-induced thermal runaway warning method of a battery according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a constant current (1C) over-trigger thermal runaway voltage-temperature rise rate curve for a 75Ah ternary square lithium ion battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a constant current (1C) over-trigger thermal runaway voltage-temperature rise rate curve for a 25Ah ternary soft-pack lithium ion battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a constant current (3C) over-charge thermal runaway voltage-temperature rise rate curve for a 25Ah ternary soft-pack lithium ion battery according to an embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 6 is a block diagram showing the construction of an overcharge-induced thermal runaway early warning device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a computer-readable storage medium provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for early warning of thermal runaway of a battery induced by overcharge, which comprises the following steps of:
step S101: monitoring the temperature, the voltage and the current of a target battery in charging to obtain temperature monitoring data, voltage monitoring data and current monitoring data; specifically, a temperature sensor, a voltage sensor and the like may be adopted to collect the temperature, the voltage signal and the current signal of the target battery in real time, and the collected data is transmitted to the processor and converted into the corresponding temperature value, the voltage value and the current value by the processor. The temperature collection points are located on the surface of the battery shell, and the number of the temperature collection points can be determined according to actual requirements, for example, the number of the temperature collection points is greater than or equal to 3. In one embodiment, the target battery may be a single cell, a module, a battery pack, or the smallest unit that can be monitored in the system.
Step S102: acquiring battery state parameters of the target battery according to the temperature monitoring data, the voltage monitoring data and the current monitoring data, wherein the battery state parameters comprise the current temperature, the current voltage, the temperature rise rate, the voltage change rate and the charging rate of the target battery; the temperature rise rate is specifically the real-time temperature rise rate of the target battery, and can also be an average value of the temperature rise rates according to a certain continuous time, such as 5 s; the current voltage change rate may specifically be a real-time voltage change rate of the target battery, or may be an average value of voltage change rates according to a certain continuous time, such as 5 s. The charge rate, which is the current required by the battery to discharge its rated capacity for a given period of time, is equal to a multiple of the battery's rated capacity in data value, and is generally indicated by the letter C. If the nominal rated capacity of the battery is 600mAh and 1C (1 multiplying power), 300mAh and 6A (6000mAh) are respectively 0.5C and 10C, and the like. The charging rate can be calculated by adopting a charging rate calculation mode according to the current and the capacity of the battery. Furthermore, the charging rate may also be read by the battery management system.
Step S103: determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameters and a preset thermal runaway early warning model, wherein the thermal runaway early warning model is generated based on a plurality of lithium ion batteries with the same type as the target battery; the temperature and voltage parameter requirements corresponding to the preset thermal runaway early warning level are the early warning level which is set in advance according to the early warning prevention and control requirement and the parameter requirements corresponding to each level. In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the thermal runaway warning module may determine that:
step S111: obtaining a plurality of lithium ion batteries with the same type as a target battery; specifically, the thermal runaway early warning models of the lithium batteries of different models are different, or the lithium ion batteries of the same type correspond to the same thermal runaway early warning model, so that in order to perform early warning on the target battery, a plurality of batteries of the same type as the target battery need to be selected to construct the model.
Step S112: overcharging the lithium ion batteries based on the same test environment to obtain temperature data, voltage data and current data of the batteries; specifically, in order to determine the thermal runaway of the battery, a plurality of batteries may be overcharged, the overcharge process may be monitored, and temperature data, voltage data, charge rate data, and the like during the overcharge process may be obtained. When data is acquired, a plurality of batteries are placed in the same test environment for charging. The test environment includes temperature, operating conditions, and the like. When the temperature is different or the working conditions are different, the obtained data are also different. The working condition comprises energy supply modes, vehicle types and the like of the vehicle, such as functional modes of a gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle, a plug-in hybrid vehicle, a pure electric vehicle and the like, and vehicle types of a CDV (hybrid vehicle dynamics), an MPV (multi-power vehicle) type, an SUV (hybrid vehicle dynamics) and the like.
Step S113: and determining a plurality of thermal runaway early warning levels and corresponding preset voltage thresholds, preset temperature thresholds, preset voltage change rate thresholds, preset temperature rise rate thresholds and preset charging multiplying power thresholds according to the temperature data, the voltage data and the charging multiplying power data of the plurality of lithium ion batteries.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the thermal runaway early warning level is divided into five levels, where the thermal runaway early warning level is set according to a thermal runaway risk existing in the case of overcharge of the plurality of lithium ion batteries, and the corresponding preset voltage threshold, preset temperature threshold, preset voltage change rate threshold, preset temperature rise rate threshold, and preset charge rate threshold are generated according to data such as temperature data and voltage data acquired in real time.
Step S114: and generating a thermal runaway early warning model corresponding to the target battery according to the multiple thermal runaway early warning grades and corresponding preset voltage thresholds, preset temperature thresholds, preset voltage change rate thresholds, preset temperature rise rate thresholds and preset charging rate thresholds. Specifically, after various data in the overcharge process are obtained, the various data are corresponding to parameter thresholds preset in various levels, so that a thermal runaway early warning model is obtained. Therefore, the thermal runaway early warning model comprises the corresponding relation between the battery state parameters and the corresponding grades. The preset voltage threshold is a voltage limit value of each thermal runaway early warning grade; the method comprises the steps of presetting a temperature limit value of each thermal runaway early warning grade of a temperature threshold, presetting a voltage change rate limit value of each thermal runaway early warning grade of a voltage change rate threshold, presetting a temperature rise rate limit value of each thermal runaway early warning grade of a temperature rise rate threshold, and presetting a charge multiplying factor limit value of each thermal runaway early warning grade of a charge multiplying factor threshold.
Specifically, lithium ion batteries of the same model correspond to the same thermal runaway early warning model. When the target battery is subjected to early warning, a plurality of lithium ion batteries with the same types as the target battery are required to be trained in advance under the same test environment, a model corresponding to the target battery is generated, and the model comprises early warning grade division corresponding to the target battery. When a thermal runaway early warning model is generated, one-to-one training needs to be performed to obtain a plurality of lithium ion batteries with the same types as target batteries, and training is performed under the same test environment to generate a corresponding early warning model, wherein the early warning model comprises a corresponding early warning grade. Thereby determining the early warning model and the grade division which are one-to-one corresponding to the target battery.
Meanwhile, according to actual conditions, when the batteries needing early warning comprise a plurality of models, early warning models corresponding to the batteries with different models can be trained, and the early warning system is completed. The whole early warning system actually comprises a plurality of models corresponding to batteries with different models, and when the early warning is needed to be carried out on a single target battery, the early warning system searches for the corresponding models to carry out early warning. Or the early warning system comprises a plurality of models, each model corresponds to each model of the battery, and the corresponding model is determined according to the model to carry out early warning. Step S104: and carrying out thermal runaway early warning treatment on the target battery according to the thermal runaway early warning grade. Specifically, after the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery is determined, corresponding processing is performed according to the level of each target battery. Such as: and when the risk level is lower, measures for carrying out external intervention on the battery are adopted, so that the thermal runaway development of the battery is avoided, the probability of thermal runaway of the battery is greatly reduced, and the method has important significance for guaranteeing the life and property safety.
According to the early warning method for the overcharge-induced thermal runaway of the battery, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the grading early warning under the scene of the overcharge-induced thermal runaway is realized through characteristic data such as the real-time temperature, the voltage and the charging rate of the battery, which are simply and easily acquired. The method for carrying out thermal runaway graded early warning is beneficial to eliminating the potential safety hazard of thermal runaway in time, greatly reducing the occurrence probability of thermal runaway, being beneficial to guaranteeing the life safety of the public and reducing property loss. And moreover, the reliability of overcharge grading early warning based on simple and easily-obtained parameters such as temperature, temperature rise rate, voltage change rate, overcharge current multiplying power and the like is high, the actual operation difficulty is low, convenience and feasibility are realized, the design cost of an enterprise early warning system can be reduced, and the life and property safety of passengers can be guaranteed to a great extent.
As an optional implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the thermal runaway early warning level includes a first-level early warning level, and the preset voltage threshold includes a first voltage threshold;
correspondingly, the determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameter of the target battery and the thermal runaway early warning model comprises: and when the current voltage of the target battery is greater than the first voltage threshold, determining that the thermal runaway early warning grade of the target battery is a first-grade early warning grade.
Specifically, the first voltage threshold is an upper voltage threshold specified by a manufacturer when the battery leaves a factory, and when the current voltage is higher than the first voltage threshold, the thermal runaway level can be determined to be a first-level early warning level.
In one embodiment, when the primary early warning occurs, an overvoltage protection instruction is sent to the target battery according to the primary early warning level, the target battery stops a charging mode, enters a standby mode, and sends a charging stop signal to the passenger compartment and the charger.
As an optional implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the thermal runaway early warning level includes a secondary early warning level, the preset voltage threshold includes a second voltage threshold, and the preset charging rate threshold includes a first charging rate;
correspondingly, the determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameter of the target battery and the thermal runaway early warning model comprises: acquiring a first temperature rise rate of the target battery in a preset time period; when the current charging multiplying power of the target battery is smaller than the first charging multiplying power, the current voltage is larger than the first voltage threshold, the first temperature rise rate is larger than or equal to the target temperature rise rate, and the first temperature rise rate is larger than the first rate threshold, determining that the thermal runaway early warning grade of the target battery is a secondary early warning grade;
in one embodiment, the first charging rate is 2C. The target temperature rise rate is 1.5 times of the initial balance temperature rise rate, the first rate threshold is 0 ℃, and when the battery types are different, the values of the parameters can be changed correspondingly. Specifically, the initial equilibrium temperature rise rate is determined by calculation according to the charging characteristics of the battery, specifically, the temperature rise rate in a preset time period can be determined by calculation, the preset time period is determined according to the charging rate and has a negative correlation with the charging rate, and the value of the preset time period can be 1 s-600 s; the first temperature rise rate is a temperature rise rate in a calculated preset time period, the preset time period is determined according to the charging multiplying power and has a negative correlation with the charging multiplying power, and the value of the preset time period can be 1 s-600 s.
Correspondingly, the determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameter of the target battery and the thermal runaway early warning model further comprises: acquiring a first voltage of the target battery during overcharge; and when the current charging multiplying power of the target battery is larger than or equal to the first charging multiplying power and the first voltage is larger than or equal to the second voltage threshold, determining that the thermal runaway early warning grade of the target battery is a secondary early warning grade.
In one embodiment, the second voltage threshold is 1.1 times the first voltage threshold. When the battery models are different, the value of the parameter can be changed correspondingly. When the first voltage is determined, a characteristic curve of the temperature and the voltage of the battery during the charging process along with the time change can be obtained, and the corresponding voltage when the temperature starts to rise is taken as the first voltage. The two determining modes of the secondary early warning grade comprise the two modes, and the thermal runaway early warning grade can be determined to be the secondary grade when any one condition occurs. In an embodiment, when the thermal runaway early warning level is a second early warning level, an overvoltage protection instruction is sent to the target battery according to the second early warning level, the target battery stops a charging mode, enters a standby mode, and sends a safety early warning signal to a passenger cabin.
As an optional implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the thermal runaway early warning level includes a third early warning level, and the preset voltage threshold includes a third voltage threshold.
Correspondingly, the determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameter of the target battery and the thermal runaway early warning model comprises: if the current charging multiplying power of the target battery is smaller than the first charging multiplying power, the current voltage reaches the third voltage threshold value, the voltage does not rise within preset time, the first temperature rise rate is greater than or equal to the target temperature rise rate, and the first temperature rise rate is greater than the preset temperature rise rate threshold value, the thermal runaway early warning grade of the target battery is determined to be a three-grade early warning grade; and when the current charging multiplying power of the target battery is larger than or equal to the first charging multiplying power, skipping three levels of early warning levels.
Specifically, the third voltage threshold is the highest voltage of overcharge, and may be determined by the charging characteristics of the battery. Meanwhile, the voltage does not rise within the preset time, and the preset time is 3 s-5 s. When the battery parameters meet the conditions and the charging rate is less than 2C, determining the battery parameters to be a three-level early warning level; if the conditions are met, but the battery charging rate is greater than or equal to 2C, skipping over three levels of early warning levels.
In one embodiment, when the thermal runaway early warning level is a third-level early warning level, an overvoltage protection instruction is sent to the target battery according to the third-level early warning level, the target battery stops a charging mode, enters a standby mode, sends a safety early warning signal to a passenger cabin, and physically cools the target battery through liquid cooling, air cooling and other battery thermal management technologies.
As an optional implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the thermal runaway early warning level includes a fourth-level early warning level, and the preset temperature threshold includes a first temperature threshold; the preset voltage threshold comprises a fourth voltage threshold.
Correspondingly, the determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameter of the target battery and the thermal runaway early warning model comprises: and when the current charging multiplying power of the target battery is smaller than the first charging multiplying power, the current voltage is larger than the first voltage threshold, the first temperature rise rate is larger than or equal to the target temperature rise rate, the first temperature rise rate is larger than the first rate threshold, and the current temperature reaches the first temperature threshold, determining that the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery is a four-stage early warning level. The first temperature threshold is a safe temperature threshold specified by a manufacturer when the battery is shipped.
Correspondingly, the determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameter of the target battery and the thermal runaway early warning model further comprises: acquiring a second voltage of the target battery during overcharge; and when the current charging multiplying power of the target battery is larger than or equal to the first charging multiplying power, and the second voltage is larger than or equal to the fourth voltage threshold, determining that the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery is a four-level early warning level.
In one embodiment, the fourth voltage threshold is 1.2 times the first voltage threshold. When the battery models are different, the value of the parameter can be changed correspondingly. Specifically, when the second voltage is determined, a characteristic curve of the voltage of the battery changing with time during the charging process may be obtained, and the voltage corresponding to the highest point may be used as the second voltage. The determination mode of the four-stage early warning grade comprises the two modes, and the thermal runaway early warning grade can be determined to be four stages when any one condition occurs.
In one embodiment, when the thermal runaway early warning level is a fourth-level early warning level, an overvoltage protection instruction is sent to the target battery according to the fourth-level early warning level, the target battery stops a charging mode, enters a sleep mode, and starts a fire-fighting and fire-extinguishing instruction to the target battery, so that a vehicle should send a safety early warning and a passenger escape signal.
As an optional implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the thermal runaway early warning level includes a five-level early warning level, the preset voltage change rate threshold includes a first voltage change rate threshold, and the preset temperature rise rate includes a second temperature rise rate;
correspondingly, the determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameter of the target battery and the thermal runaway early warning model comprises: acquiring the current voltage change rate and the current temperature rise rate of the target battery; and when the current voltage change rate of the target battery is greater than the first voltage change rate threshold value and the current temperature rise rate is greater than the second temperature rise rate, determining that the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery is a five-level early warning level. In one embodiment, the second temperature rise rate is 1 ℃/s and occurs continuously for 1s to 5s, and the second temperature rise rate is selected to have different values when the battery types are different. The first voltage change rate threshold may be determined according to a characteristic curve of the battery, for example, a voltage change rate within a certain preset time period may be taken as the first voltage change rate threshold, and the preset time period may select different values according to the type of the battery.
In an embodiment, when the thermal runaway early warning level is a five-level early warning level, an overvoltage protection instruction is sent to the target battery according to the five-level early warning level, the target battery stops a charging mode, enters a sleep mode, starts a fire-fighting and fire-extinguishing instruction for the target battery, carries out manual fire-fighting, fire-fighting and temperature-reducing and personnel-evacuating operations, and a vehicle is required to send a fire alarm and a passenger escape signal.
The embodiment of the invention also adopts the following method to carry out experimental verification on the thermal runaway process of the power battery, and the construction of the early warning model is carried out on the lithium ion battery based on the type, and the square battery and the soft package battery are selected to carry out the construction of the thermal runaway early warning model in the embodiment. When the early warning model is constructed, the selected battery is overcharged, and thermal runaway of the selected battery is triggered. Specifically, the overcharge current ratio includes 1C and 3C. The overcharge method included constant current overcharge to thermal runaway of a 100% SOC cell and constant current overcharge to thermal runaway of a 0% SOC cell sample. Specifically, a battery sample with 0% SOC is charged to 100% SOC by a constant current-constant voltage method, and is placed statically for 60min, and then overcharged until thermal runaway triggering is carried out; the battery sample at 0% SOC was charged continuously at constant current to a thermal runaway trigger. Three charge-discharge cycles were carried out on the cell before the test. According to the charging and discharging requirements of the battery, the battery is charged by adopting a constant-current and constant-voltage charging mode, the current multiplying power of the constant-current charging is 1C, and the cut-off current of the constant-voltage charging is 0.05C; and discharging the battery in a constant current mode, wherein the discharge current multiplying power is 1C. The data collected during the test include the battery voltage, current, and the dynamic temperature of the battery case surface.
A constant current (1C) overcharge thermal runaway test was conducted using a 75Ah ternary square lithium ion power cell as an example. The specific model construction process is realized by the following steps:
(1) after three charge-discharge cycles, the cell was adjusted to 0% SOC.
(2) And charging to 100% SOC by a constant current-constant voltage method, wherein the charging current is 75A, and the upper limit voltage is 4.2V. And standing for 60min after charging is finished, and overcharging at constant current of 75A until thermal runaway of the battery is triggered. The test was completed when the surface temperature of the battery dropped below 60 ℃. During the period, live video acquisition is carried out, the voltage and the temperature of the battery are recorded, and the sampling frequency of the data acquisition unit is 100 Hz.
(3) And after the test is finished, storing test data, and arranging the site and the sample.
(4) And (3) data analysis: figure 3 shows the data of the 75Ah ternary square lithium ion power battery overcharge triggering thermal runaway test. It can be seen that the battery temperature is kept stable during the constant current-constant voltage normal charging period, and is influenced by the battery polarization during the constant current charging period, the battery temperature slightly rises, and the initial balance temperature rise rate during the period does not exceed 1 ℃/min. From 161min, the overcharge process is started, the battery voltage rises by 0.27V within 1min and exceeds the upper battery limit voltage threshold (4.20V) specified by the manufacturer, and the battery reaches the overcharge first-level early warning level. And at the 171min, the first temperature rise rate of the battery exceeds 1.5 times of the initial balance temperature rise rate and is continuously greater than 0 ℃/s, and at the moment, the battery reaches the overcharge secondary early warning level. At the time of 174min, the battery voltage reaches the highest overcharge voltage (4.89V), and the voltage is kept not to rise within 3-5 s, at which time the battery reaches the overcharge three-level early warning level. At the 179 th min, the battery temperature reaches the safety temperature threshold (60 ℃) specified by the manufacturer, and at this time, the battery reaches the overcharge four-stage early warning level. And at 190min, the voltage change rate of the battery exceeds a first voltage change rate threshold (0.5V/s), the temperature rise rate exceeds a second temperature rise rate (1 ℃/s), and the battery reaches an overcharge five-level early warning level and is triggered by thermal runaway.
A constant-current (1C) overcharge thermal runaway test was conducted by taking a certain 25Ah ternary soft-package lithium ion power battery as an example.
(1) After three charge-discharge cycles, the cell was adjusted to 0% SOC.
(2) And (4) constant current charging is carried out by adopting a constant current method (25A) until the thermal runaway of the battery is triggered. The test was completed when the surface temperature of the battery dropped below 60 ℃. During the period, live video acquisition is carried out, the voltage and the temperature of the battery are recorded, and the sampling frequency of the data acquisition unit is 100 Hz.
(3) And after the test is finished, storing test data, and arranging the site and the sample.
(4) And (3) data analysis: figure 4 shows the data of the overcharge triggering thermal runaway test of the 25Ah ternary soft package lithium ion power battery. It can be seen that during constant current normal charging of the battery, the battery temperature remains stable, during which the initial equilibrium temperature rise rate does not exceed 0.4 ℃/min. From 47min onward, the overcharge process was initiated, and the cell voltage exceeded the manufacturer specified upper cell voltage threshold (4.20V), at which time the cell reached an overcharge first warning level. And at the 68 th min, the temperature rise rate 2 of the battery reaches 1 ℃/min, exceeds 1.5 times of the initial balance temperature rise rate and is continuously more than 0 ℃/s, and at the moment, the battery reaches the overcharge secondary early warning level. And at 73min, the voltage of the battery reaches the highest overcharge voltage (5.15V), the voltage is kept not to rise within 3-5 s, and the battery reaches the overcharge three-level early warning level. At the 81 st min, the battery temperature reaches the safety temperature threshold (60 ℃) specified by the manufacturer, and at the moment, the battery reaches the overcharge four-stage early warning level. And at the time of 90min, the voltage change rate of the battery exceeds a first voltage change rate threshold (0.5V/s), the temperature rise rate exceeds a second temperature rise rate (1 ℃/s), and at the moment, the battery reaches an overcharge five-level early warning level and is triggered by thermal runaway.
A constant-current (3C) overcharge thermal runaway test is carried out by taking a certain 25Ah ternary soft package lithium ion power battery as an example.
(1) After three charge-discharge cycles, the cell was adjusted to 0% SOC.
(2) And (3) constant current charging is carried out by adopting a constant current method (75A) until the thermal runaway of the battery is triggered. The test was completed when the surface temperature of the battery dropped below 60 ℃. During the period, live video acquisition is carried out, the voltage and the temperature of the battery are recorded, and the sampling frequency of the data acquisition unit is 100 Hz.
(3) And after the test is finished, storing test data, and arranging the site and the sample.
(4) And (3) data analysis: figure 5 shows the data of the overcharge triggering thermal runaway test of the 25Ah ternary soft package lithium ion power battery. It can be seen that the cell temperature slightly rises during constant current normal charging, influenced by the polarization of the cell, during which the initial equilibrium temperature rise rate does not exceed 1.2 ℃/10 s. From 800s onward, the overcharge process was initiated, and the cell voltage exceeded the manufacturer specified upper cell voltage threshold (4.20V), at which time the cell reached an overcharge first warning level. At 1240s, the battery voltage reached 4.63V, which was 1.1 times the manufacturer's 2 battery upper voltage threshold, at which point the battery reached an overcharge secondary warning level. At 1400s, the battery voltage reaches 5.07V and exceeds 1.2 times of the upper limit voltage threshold value of the battery specified by the manufacturer, and at the moment, the battery reaches the overcharge four-stage early warning level; and at 1500s, the voltage change rate of the battery exceeds a first voltage change rate threshold (0.5V/s), the temperature rise rate exceeds a second temperature rise rate (1 ℃/s), and the battery reaches an overcharge five-level early warning level and is triggered by thermal runaway.
By comparing the overcharge triggering thermal runaway tests of the square-shell soft-package ternary power battery, the temperature and voltage change rules of the tests are consistent. Therefore, the early warning model can be constructed by adopting the relationship between the temperature, the voltage, the temperature rise rate, the voltage change rate and the charging rate and the corresponding parameter threshold value in the overcharge process of the battery.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides an overcharge-induced thermal runaway early warning device for a battery, as shown in fig. 6, the device includes:
the monitoring module 10 is configured to monitor temperature, voltage, and current of a target battery during charging to obtain temperature monitoring data, voltage monitoring data, and current monitoring data; for details, refer to the related description of step S101 in the above method embodiment.
A parameter obtaining module 20, configured to obtain battery state parameters of the target battery according to the temperature monitoring data, the voltage monitoring data, and the current monitoring data, where the battery state parameters include a current temperature, a current voltage, a temperature rise rate, a voltage change rate, and a charging rate of the target battery; for details, refer to the related description of step S102 in the above method embodiment.
The grade determining module 30 is configured to determine a thermal runaway early warning grade of the target battery according to the battery state parameters and a preset thermal runaway early warning model, where the thermal runaway early warning model is generated based on a plurality of lithium ion batteries with the same type as the target battery; for details, refer to the related description of step S103 in the above method embodiment.
And the early warning processing module 40 is used for performing the thermal runaway early warning processing on the target battery according to the thermal runaway early warning grade. For details, refer to the related description of step S104 in the above method embodiment.
The early warning device for the overcharge-induced thermal runaway of the battery provided by the embodiment of the invention realizes the grading early warning in the scene of the overcharge-induced thermal runaway by simply and easily obtaining the characteristic data of the battery such as real-time temperature, voltage, charging rate and the like. The method for carrying out thermal runaway graded early warning is beneficial to eliminating the potential safety hazard of thermal runaway in time, greatly reducing the occurrence probability of thermal runaway, being beneficial to guaranteeing the life safety of the public and reducing property loss. And moreover, the reliability of overcharge grading early warning based on simple and easily-obtained parameters such as temperature, temperature rise rate, voltage change rate, overcharge current multiplying power and the like is high, the actual operation difficulty is low, convenience and feasibility are realized, the design cost of an enterprise early warning system can be reduced, and the life and property safety of passengers can be guaranteed to a great extent.
The functional description of the overcharge-induced battery thermal runaway early warning device provided by the embodiment of the invention refers to the description of the battery thermal runaway early warning method in the above embodiment in detail.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a storage medium, as shown in fig. 7, on which a computer program 601 is stored, where the instructions, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the battery thermal runaway early warning method in the foregoing embodiments. The storage medium is also stored with audio and video stream data, characteristic frame data, an interactive request signaling, encrypted data, preset data size and the like. The storage medium may be a magnetic Disk, an optical Disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Flash Memory (Flash Memory), a Hard Disk (Hard Disk Drive, abbreviated as HDD) or a Solid State Drive (SSD), etc.; the storage medium may also comprise a combination of memories of the kind described above.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by a computer program, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. The storage medium may be a magnetic Disk, an optical Disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Flash Memory (Flash Memory), a Hard Disk (Hard Disk Drive, abbreviated as HDD), a Solid State Drive (SSD), or the like; the storage medium may also comprise a combination of memories of the kind described above.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, as shown in fig. 8, the electronic device may include a processor 51 and a memory 52, where the processor 51 and the memory 52 may be connected by a bus or in another manner, and fig. 8 takes the connection by the bus as an example.
The processor 51 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU). The Processor 51 may also be other general purpose processors, Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) or other Programmable logic devices, discrete Gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, or combinations thereof.
The memory 52, which is a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, may be used to store non-transitory software programs, non-transitory computer executable programs, and modules, such as the corresponding program instructions/modules in the embodiments of the present invention. The processor 51 executes various functional applications and data processing of the processor by running non-transitory software programs, instructions and modules stored in the memory 52, that is, implementing the overcharge-induced battery thermal runaway warning method in the above method embodiments.
The memory 52 may include a storage program area and a storage data area, wherein the storage program area may store an operating device, an application program required for at least one function; the storage data area may store data created by the processor 51, and the like. Further, the memory 52 may include high speed random access memory, and may also include non-transitory memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid state storage device. In some embodiments, the memory 52 may optionally include memory located remotely from the processor 51, and these remote memories may be connected to the processor 51 via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.
The one or more modules are stored in the memory 52 and, when executed by the processor 51, perform the overcharge-induced thermal runaway pre-warning method in the embodiment of fig. 1-2.
The details of the electronic device may be understood by referring to the corresponding descriptions and effects in the embodiments shown in fig. 1 to fig. 2, and are not described herein again.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The overcharge-induced thermal runaway early warning method for the battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
monitoring the temperature, the voltage and the current of a target battery in charging to obtain temperature monitoring data, voltage monitoring data and current monitoring data;
acquiring battery state parameters of the target battery according to the temperature monitoring data, the voltage monitoring data and the current monitoring data, wherein the battery state parameters comprise the current temperature, the current voltage, the current temperature rise rate, the current voltage change rate and the charging rate of the target battery;
determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameters and a preset thermal runaway early warning model, wherein the thermal runaway early warning model is generated based on a plurality of lithium ion batteries with the same type as the target battery;
and carrying out thermal runaway early warning treatment on the target battery according to the thermal runaway early warning grade.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the thermal runaway pre-warning model is generated by:
obtaining a plurality of lithium ion batteries with the same type as the target battery type;
overcharging the lithium ion batteries based on the same test environment to obtain temperature data, voltage data and current data of the batteries;
determining a plurality of thermal runaway early warning levels and corresponding preset voltage thresholds, preset temperature thresholds, preset voltage change rate thresholds, preset temperature rise rate thresholds and preset charging multiplying power thresholds according to the temperature data, the voltage data and the current data of the plurality of lithium ion batteries;
and generating the thermal runaway early warning model corresponding to the target battery according to the multiple thermal runaway early warning grades and corresponding preset voltage thresholds, preset temperature thresholds, preset voltage change rate thresholds, preset temperature rise rate thresholds and preset charging rate thresholds.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the thermal runaway warning level comprises a primary warning level, and the preset voltage threshold comprises a first voltage threshold;
correspondingly, the determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameter of the target battery and the thermal runaway early warning model comprises:
and when the current voltage of the target battery is greater than the first voltage threshold, determining that the thermal runaway early warning grade of the target battery is a first-grade early warning grade.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the thermal runaway warning level comprises a secondary warning level, the preset voltage threshold comprises a second voltage threshold, and the preset charge rate threshold comprises a first charge rate;
correspondingly, the determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameter of the target battery and the thermal runaway early warning model comprises:
acquiring a first temperature rise rate of the target battery in a preset time period;
when the current charging multiplying power of the target battery is smaller than the first charging multiplying power, the current voltage is larger than the first voltage threshold, the first temperature rise rate is larger than or equal to the target temperature rise rate, and the first temperature rise rate is larger than the first rate threshold, determining that the thermal runaway early warning grade of the target battery is a secondary early warning grade;
alternatively, a first voltage of the target battery during overcharge is acquired;
and when the current charging multiplying power of the target battery is larger than or equal to the first charging multiplying power and the first voltage is larger than or equal to the second voltage threshold, determining that the thermal runaway early warning grade of the target battery is a secondary early warning grade.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the thermal runaway warning level comprises a three-level warning level, and the preset voltage threshold comprises a third voltage threshold;
correspondingly, the determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameter of the target battery and the thermal runaway early warning model comprises:
and if the current charging multiplying power of the target battery is smaller than the first charging multiplying power, the current voltage is larger than the third voltage threshold, the current voltage does not rise within the preset time, the first temperature rise rate is larger than or equal to the target temperature rise rate, and the first temperature rise rate is larger than the first rate threshold, determining that the thermal runaway early warning grade of the target battery is a three-grade early warning grade.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the thermal runaway pre-warning level comprises a four-level pre-warning level, the preset temperature threshold comprises a first temperature threshold, and the preset voltage threshold comprises a fourth voltage threshold;
correspondingly, the determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameter of the target battery and the thermal runaway early warning model comprises:
when the current charging multiplying power of the target battery is smaller than the first charging multiplying power, the current voltage is larger than the first voltage threshold, the first temperature rise rate is larger than or equal to the target temperature rise rate, the first temperature rise rate is larger than the first rate threshold, and the current temperature is larger than the first temperature threshold, determining that the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery is a four-level early warning level;
alternatively, a second voltage of the target battery during overcharge is acquired;
and when the current charging multiplying power of the target battery is larger than or equal to the first charging multiplying power, and the second voltage is larger than or equal to the fourth voltage threshold, determining that the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery is a four-level early warning level.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the thermal runaway warning level comprises a five level warning level, the preset voltage change rate threshold comprises a first voltage change rate threshold, and the preset temperature rise rate comprises a second temperature rise rate;
correspondingly, the determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameter of the target battery and the thermal runaway early warning model comprises:
acquiring the current voltage change rate and the current temperature rise rate of the target battery;
and when the current voltage change rate of the target battery is greater than the first voltage change rate threshold value and the current temperature rise rate is greater than the second temperature rise rate, determining that the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery is a five-level early warning level.
8. Overcharge induction battery thermal runaway early warning device, its characterized in that includes:
the monitoring module is used for monitoring the temperature, the voltage and the charging multiplying power of a target battery in charging to obtain temperature monitoring data, voltage monitoring data and current monitoring data;
the parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring battery state parameters of the target battery according to the temperature monitoring data, the voltage monitoring data and the current monitoring data, wherein the battery state parameters comprise the current temperature, the current voltage, the current temperature rise rate, the current voltage change rate and the charging multiplying power of the target battery;
the grade determining module is used for determining the thermal runaway early warning grade of the target battery according to the battery state parameters and a preset thermal runaway early warning model, and the thermal runaway early warning model is generated based on a plurality of lithium ion batteries with the same type as the target battery;
and the early warning processing module is used for carrying out thermal runaway early warning processing on the target battery according to the thermal runaway early warning grade.
9. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the overcharge-induced thermal runaway warning method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. An electronic device, comprising: a memory and a processor, the memory and the processor being communicatively connected to each other, the memory storing computer instructions, and the processor executing the computer instructions to perform the overcharge-induced battery thermal runaway warning method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114993486A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-09-02 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | New energy automobile early warning method and system |
| CN115575830A (en) * | 2022-10-10 | 2023-01-06 | 中国标准化研究院 | Method and system for identifying inducement of thermal runaway of lithium battery |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114993486A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-09-02 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | New energy automobile early warning method and system |
| CN115575830A (en) * | 2022-10-10 | 2023-01-06 | 中国标准化研究院 | Method and system for identifying inducement of thermal runaway of lithium battery |
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