CN113948781A - Battery thermal runaway early warning method and device - Google Patents
Battery thermal runaway early warning method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a battery thermal runaway early warning method and a device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: monitoring the temperature and the voltage of a target battery within a preset time period to obtain temperature monitoring data and voltage monitoring data; acquiring battery state parameters of the target battery according to the temperature monitoring data and the voltage monitoring data, wherein the battery state parameters comprise the current temperature, the current voltage, the temperature rise rate, the temperature rise time and the temperature rise change trend of the target battery; determining the thermal runaway early warning level of a target battery according to the battery state parameters and a preset thermal runaway early warning model, wherein the thermal runaway early warning model is constructed on the basis of a plurality of lithium ion batteries with different SOC states, and the types of the lithium ion batteries are the same as those of the target battery; and carrying out thermal runaway early warning treatment on the target battery according to the thermal runaway early warning grade. The method for carrying out thermal runaway graded early warning is beneficial to eliminating the potential safety hazard of thermal runaway in time, greatly reducing the occurrence probability of thermal runaway, being beneficial to guaranteeing the life safety of the public and reducing property loss.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery thermal runaway early warning method and device.
Background
In recent years, lithium ion power batteries are widely used in the fields of electric vehicles, energy storage, light electric vehicles, electric ships and the like. Along with the large-scale application of power batteries, in recent years, the frequency of fire accidents caused by the power batteries is high, the number of types of vehicles is large, the related range is wide, and the safety problem becomes a key factor for restricting the development of industries. The development of an effective new energy automobile thermal runaway early warning and alarming system is not slow.
The inducers of thermal runaway of lithium ion power cells typically include thermal abuse, mechanical abuse, and electrical abuse. The reason is that the battery is overheated due to heat accumulation inside the battery and thermal runaway chain reaction inside the battery is initiated.
It is explicitly stated in GB 38031-. However, in the current industry, measures for thermal runaway of the lithium ion power battery are usually to generate an alarm signal when the thermal runaway of the lithium ion power battery occurs, and inform related personnel of evacuation and risk avoidance through the alarm signal, so that the occurrence of the thermal runaway event of the lithium ion power battery cannot be blocked, and thus, the life safety and the property loss of the public are threatened.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a method and an apparatus for early warning of thermal runaway of a battery, so as to overcome a problem in the prior art that an accurate early warning mode is not available before thermal runaway of a lithium ion power battery occurs.
The embodiment of the invention provides a battery thermal runaway early warning method, which comprises the following steps:
monitoring the temperature and the voltage of a target battery within a preset time period to obtain temperature monitoring data and voltage monitoring data;
acquiring battery state parameters of the target battery according to the temperature monitoring data and the voltage monitoring data, wherein the battery state parameters comprise the current temperature, the current voltage, the temperature rise rate, the temperature rise time, the temperature rise change trend and the voltage change rate of the target battery;
determining a thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameters and a preset thermal runaway early warning model, wherein the thermal runaway early warning model is constructed on the basis of a plurality of lithium ion batteries with different SOC states, and the types of the lithium ion batteries are the same as the model of the target battery;
and carrying out thermal runaway early warning treatment on the target battery according to the thermal runaway early warning grade.
Optionally, the thermal runaway early warning model is generated by:
obtaining a plurality of lithium ion batteries with the same type as the target battery and in different SOC states;
heating the lithium ion batteries to obtain temperature data and voltage data of the lithium ion batteries;
determining a plurality of preset thermal runaway grades and corresponding preset voltage change thresholds, preset temperature thresholds, preset speed thresholds and preset time thresholds according to the temperature data and the voltage data of the plurality of lithium ion batteries;
and generating the thermal runaway early warning model according to the plurality of preset thermal runaway grades and corresponding preset voltage change thresholds, preset temperature thresholds, preset speed thresholds and preset time thresholds.
Optionally, the preset thermal runaway grade comprises a first-level early warning grade, and the preset temperature threshold comprises a first temperature threshold;
correspondingly, the determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameter of the target battery and the thermal runaway early warning model comprises:
and if the current temperature of the target battery is greater than a first temperature threshold value, determining that the thermal runaway early warning grade of the target battery is a first-grade early warning grade.
Optionally, the preset thermal runaway level comprises a secondary early warning level, and the preset speed threshold comprises a first speed threshold;
correspondingly, the determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameter of the target battery and the thermal runaway early warning model comprises:
acquiring a first temperature rise rate and a second temperature rise rate of the target battery in a preset time period on the basis that the current thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery is a first-level early warning level;
and if the current temperature of the target battery is greater than the first temperature threshold, the temperature rise change trend is firstly increased and then decreased, the first temperature rise rate is greater than the second temperature rise rate, and the first temperature rise rate and the second temperature rise rate are both greater than the first rate threshold, determining that the thermal runaway early warning grade of the target battery is a secondary early warning grade.
Optionally, the preset thermal runaway grade comprises a third-level early warning grade, and the preset temperature threshold comprises a second temperature threshold;
correspondingly, the determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameter of the target battery and the thermal runaway early warning model comprises:
acquiring a third temperature rise rate and a fourth temperature rise rate of the target battery in a preset time period on the basis that the current thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery is a secondary early warning level;
if the current temperature of the target battery is greater than the first temperature threshold, the temperature rise change trend is first increasing and then decreasing, the third temperature rise rate is greater than the fourth temperature rise rate, and the third temperature rise rate and the fourth temperature rise rate are both greater than the first rate threshold, whether the current temperature of the target battery is greater than a second temperature threshold or whether the temperature rise time of the target battery is greater than a preset time threshold is judged;
and if the current temperature of the target battery is greater than a second temperature threshold or the temperature rise time of the target battery is greater than a preset time threshold, determining that the thermal runaway early warning grade of the target battery is a third-grade early warning grade.
Optionally, the preset thermal runaway level comprises a third-level early warning level, and the preset speed threshold comprises a second speed threshold;
correspondingly, the determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameter of the target battery and the thermal runaway early warning model comprises:
acquiring a voltage change rate and a fifth temperature rise rate of the target battery within a preset time period on the basis that the current thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery is a third-level early warning level;
and if the voltage change rate is greater than the preset voltage change threshold or the fifth temperature rise rate is greater than the second rate threshold, determining that the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery is a fourth-level early warning level.
Optionally, the performing of the warning of the thermal runaway on the target battery according to the warning level of the thermal runaway includes one or more of:
when the thermal runaway early warning level is a first-level early warning level, the target battery is physically cooled according to the first-level early warning level, the running state of the target battery is limited, and a corresponding safety early warning signal is sent out;
and when the thermal runaway early warning level is a secondary early warning level, physically cooling the target battery according to the secondary early warning level, controlling the target battery to enter a standby mode, and sending a corresponding safety early warning signal;
and when the thermal runaway early warning level is a third-level early warning level, performing fire fighting and extinguishing on the target battery according to the third-level early warning level, controlling the target battery to enter a sleep mode, and sending a corresponding safety early warning signal;
and when the thermal runaway early warning level is a four-level early warning level, controlling the target battery to enter a sleep mode according to the four-level early warning level, and sending a corresponding fire alarm signal.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a battery thermal runaway early warning device, which comprises:
the monitoring module is used for monitoring the temperature and the voltage of the target battery within a preset time period to obtain temperature monitoring data and voltage monitoring data;
the first processing module is used for acquiring battery state parameters of the target battery according to the temperature monitoring data and the voltage monitoring data, wherein the battery state parameters comprise the current temperature, the current voltage, the temperature rise rate, the temperature rise time, the temperature rise change trend and the voltage change rate of the target battery;
the second processing module is used for determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameters and a preset thermal runaway early warning model, and the thermal runaway early warning model is constructed on the basis of a plurality of lithium ion batteries with different SOC states, wherein the types of the lithium ion batteries are the same as the type of the target battery;
and the third processing module is used for carrying out thermal runaway early warning processing on the target battery according to the thermal runaway early warning grade.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, including: the device comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory and the processor are connected with each other in a communication mode, computer instructions are stored in the memory, and the processor executes the computer instructions so as to execute the method provided by the embodiment of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer instructions for enabling a computer to execute the method provided by the embodiment of the invention.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the embodiment of the invention provides a battery thermal runaway early warning method and a device, wherein temperature monitoring data and voltage monitoring data are obtained by monitoring the temperature and the voltage of a target battery within a preset time period; acquiring battery state parameters of the target battery according to the temperature monitoring data and the voltage monitoring data, wherein the battery state parameters comprise the current temperature, the current voltage, the temperature rise rate, the temperature rise time and the temperature rise change trend of the target battery; determining the thermal runaway early warning level of a target battery according to the battery state parameters and a preset thermal runaway early warning model, wherein the thermal runaway early warning model is constructed on the basis of a plurality of lithium ion batteries with different SOC states, and the types of the lithium ion batteries are the same as those of the target battery; and carrying out thermal runaway early warning treatment on the target battery according to the thermal runaway early warning grade. Therefore, grading early warning processing under the scene of overheat induced thermal runaway is achieved by utilizing a preset thermal runaway early warning model based on characteristic data such as battery real-time temperature, voltage and the like which are simple and easy to obtain. The method for carrying out thermal runaway graded early warning is beneficial to eliminating the potential safety hazard of thermal runaway in time, greatly reducing the occurrence probability of thermal runaway, being beneficial to guaranteeing the life safety of the public and reducing property loss.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a battery thermal runaway warning method in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a temperature-temperature rise rate-voltage change curve in a process of triggering thermal runaway by heating a 100% SOC ternary soft package power battery in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a temperature-temperature rise rate-voltage change curve in a 50% SOC ternary soft package power battery heating triggering thermal runaway process in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a temperature-temperature rise rate-voltage change curve in a process of triggering thermal runaway by heating a ternary square-shelled power battery with 100% SOC in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a temperature-temperature rise rate variation curve in a process of thermal runaway triggered by heating of a 100% SOC ternary cylindrical power battery in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery thermal runaway early warning device in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The technical features mentioned in the different embodiments of the invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The thermal stability of the lithium battery is always an important factor of the safety of the power lithium battery, and thermal runaway is the most serious safety accident for the lithium battery, and can cause the lithium battery to catch fire or even explode, thereby directly threatening the safety of users.
The inducers of thermal runaway of lithium ion power cells typically include thermal abuse, mechanical abuse, and electrical abuse. The reason is that the battery is overheated due to heat accumulation inside the battery and thermal runaway chain reaction inside the battery is initiated. At present, systematic research is carried out in the industry aiming at an alarm system triggered by thermal runaway of a lithium ion power battery, and the triggering conditions of an alarm signal generally comprise temperature parameters, voltage parameters, pressure parameters in a battery pack, harmful gas content and the like. But effective alarm signals can only ensure the life safety of passengers, and can not prevent the occurrence of thermal runaway events, thus always threatening the life safety and property loss of the public. Therefore, how to accurately early warn before the thermal runaway of the lithium ion power battery has important significance for avoiding the thermal runaway event and ensuring the life and property safety.
Based on the above problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery thermal runaway early warning method, as shown in fig. 1, the battery thermal runaway early warning method specifically includes the following steps:
step S101: and monitoring the temperature and the voltage of the target battery within a preset time period to obtain temperature monitoring data and voltage monitoring data.
Specifically, a temperature sensor, a voltage detection device, and the like may be adopted to collect temperature and voltage signals of the target battery in real time within a certain time period, transmit the collected data to the processor, and convert the data into corresponding temperature values and voltage values by the processor, that is, temperature monitoring data and voltage monitoring data of the target battery within a preset time period.
Step S102: and acquiring the battery state parameters of the target battery according to the temperature monitoring data and the voltage monitoring data.
The battery state parameters comprise the current temperature, the current voltage, the temperature rise rate, the temperature rise time, the temperature rise change trend and the voltage change rate of the target battery.
Specifically, the temperature rise time refers to a time for keeping the temperature continuously rising after the target battery exceeds the working upper limit temperature, the temperature rise rate is a number greater than or equal to 0, specifically, the temperature rise rate may be a real-time temperature rise rate of the target battery, or an average value of the temperature rise rates according to a certain continuous time, such as 5s, and specifically, the temperature rise time may be flexibly set according to actual requirements, which is not limited by the present invention. The voltage change rate is determined based on a relationship of the current voltage to the initial voltage of the target battery. The trend of temperature rise refers to the trend of temperature rise, such as the rate of temperature rise is increased, decreased or increased and then decreased.
Step S103: and determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameters and a preset thermal runaway early warning model.
The thermal runaway early warning model is built on the basis of the lithium ion batteries in the plurality of different SOC states, the models of which are the same as those of the target battery, and machine learning is carried out by collecting related data of the lithium ion batteries in the plurality of different SOC states, the models of which are the same as those of the target battery, so that the thermal runaway early warning model is built.
Step S104: and carrying out thermal runaway early warning treatment on the target battery according to the thermal runaway early warning grade.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the thermal runaway early warning level is divided into four stages for illustration, different thermal runaway early warning processing modes corresponding to different thermal runaway early warning levels are different, and in practical application, different levels may be set as needed, which is not limited to the above.
By executing the steps, the battery thermal runaway early warning method provided by the embodiment of the invention realizes the grading early warning treatment in the scene of thermal runaway induced by overheating by using the preset thermal runaway early warning model based on the simply and easily obtained characteristic data of the battery such as real-time temperature, voltage and the like. The method for carrying out thermal runaway graded early warning is beneficial to eliminating the potential safety hazard of thermal runaway in time, greatly reducing the occurrence probability of thermal runaway, being beneficial to guaranteeing the life safety of the public and reducing property loss.
Specifically, in an embodiment, the thermal runaway early warning model in step S103 is generated through the following steps:
step S201: and obtaining a plurality of lithium ion batteries with the same model as the target battery and in different SOC states.
Specifically, the lithium ion batteries in a plurality of different SOC states with the same model as the target battery can be obtained by building corresponding battery simulation models for the target battery in different SOC states, and the lithium ion batteries in a plurality of different SOC states with the same model as the target battery can also be selected in a manual selection mode to be used as basic preparation for a subsequent experiment.
Step S202: and heating the plurality of lithium ion batteries to obtain temperature data and voltage data of the plurality of lithium ion batteries.
Specifically, by performing a thermal runaway trigger experiment on the battery simulation model corresponding to the target battery and obtaining the temperature data and the voltage data according to a simulation result, the plurality of lithium ion batteries can be heated under the permission of a laboratory environment to obtain corresponding experimental data, i.e., the temperature data and the voltage data.
Step S203: and determining a plurality of preset thermal runaway grades and corresponding preset voltage change thresholds, preset temperature thresholds, preset speed thresholds and preset time thresholds according to the temperature data and the voltage data of the plurality of lithium ion batteries.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the preset thermal runaway grade is divided into four grades, where the preset thermal runaway grade is set according to thermal runaway risks of multiple lithium ion batteries under different heating conditions, and the corresponding preset voltage change threshold, preset temperature threshold, preset rate threshold, and preset time threshold are generated according to data such as temperature data and voltage data acquired in real time.
Step S204: and generating a thermal runaway early warning model according to the multiple preset thermal runaway grades and corresponding preset voltage change thresholds, preset temperature thresholds, preset speed thresholds and preset time thresholds.
Specifically, the simulation results of the thermal runaway trigger experiments of the lithium ion batteries in different SOC states are comprehensively referred to, a thermal runaway early warning model is obtained according to data analysis of the simulation results, or the data analysis is carried out according to actual experiment data of the lithium ion batteries in different SOC states to obtain the thermal runaway early warning model, so that the early warning results are more in line with actual working conditions, and the accuracy of grading early warning results is further improved.
Specifically, in an embodiment, the preset thermal runaway level includes a first-level early warning level, and the preset temperature threshold includes a first temperature threshold; correspondingly, the step S103 specifically includes the following steps:
step S301: and if the current temperature of the target battery is greater than the first temperature threshold value, determining that the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery is a first-level early warning level.
Specifically, the first temperature threshold is an upper limit operating temperature in a normal condition corresponding to the target battery, and specifically may be an upper limit operating temperature given by a battery manufacturer, or an upper limit operating temperature obtained by performing a relevant test experiment on the target battery, which is not limited in the present invention. It takes a certain time until the battery changes from a normal state to thermal runaway, in which the first change is an increase in the battery temperature. Therefore, when the temperature of the battery is higher than the upper limit working temperature, corresponding early warning is carried out to prompt related personnel to carry out close monitoring on the target battery, or timely inspection and the like is carried out to prevent the battery from developing into thermal runaway.
Specifically, in one embodiment, the preset thermal runaway level comprises a secondary early warning level, and the preset rate threshold comprises a first rate threshold; correspondingly, the step S103 specifically includes the following steps:
step S302: on the basis that the current thermal runaway early warning grade of the target battery is the first-level early warning grade, a first temperature rise rate and a second temperature rise rate of the target battery within a preset time period are obtained.
Step S303: and if the current temperature of the target battery is greater than a first temperature threshold, the temperature rise change trend is firstly increased and then decreased, the first temperature rise rate is greater than a second temperature rise rate, and the first temperature rise rate and the second temperature rise rate are both greater than a first rate threshold, determining that the thermal runaway early warning grade of the target battery is a second-stage early warning grade.
Specifically, if the temperature of the battery exceeds the upper limit working temperature, and the target battery is determined to be at the first-level early warning level, but the real-time temperature of the target battery continuously rises, the latest thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery needs to be judged again. Specifically, if a first temperature rise rate of the target battery in a certain period of time is greater than a second temperature rise rate after a certain period of time, that is, the temperature rise rate of the target battery is slowed down, and both the first temperature rise rate and the second temperature rise rate are greater than a first rate threshold, for example, both are greater than 0 ℃/s, it is indicated that the battery has a risk of thermal runaway, the current thermal runaway early warning level is determined to be a second-level early warning level, corresponding early warning is performed according to the second-level early warning level, and related personnel are prompted to take necessary measures to avoid the development of the battery to a higher-risk level.
Specifically, in an embodiment, the preset thermal runaway level includes a third-level early warning level, and the preset temperature threshold includes a second temperature threshold; correspondingly, the step S103 specifically includes the following steps:
step S304: and acquiring a third temperature rise rate and a fourth temperature rise rate of the target battery in a preset time period on the basis that the current thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery is a secondary early warning level.
Step S305: if the current temperature of the target battery is greater than the first temperature threshold, the temperature rise change trend is that the temperature rise is increased first and then decreased, the third temperature rise rate is greater than the fourth temperature rise rate, and both the third temperature rise rate and the fourth temperature rise rate are greater than the first rate threshold, whether the current temperature of the target battery is greater than the second temperature threshold or whether the temperature rise time of the target battery is greater than a preset time threshold is judged.
Step S306: and if the current temperature of the target battery is greater than the second temperature threshold or the temperature rise time of the target battery is greater than a preset time threshold, determining that the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery is a third-level early warning level.
Specifically, when it is determined that the current thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery is a secondary early warning level, monitoring and early warning are continuously performed on the target battery, a temperature rise rate of the target battery in any time period, that is, a third temperature rise rate and a fourth temperature rise rate, are obtained, if the temperature of the target battery reaches a very high temperature, that is, a first temperature threshold, or the temperature has continuously risen for a long time, but the temperature rise trend is first increased and then decreased, the third temperature rise rate in the previous time period is greater than the fourth temperature rise rate in the next time period, and both the third temperature rise rate and the fourth temperature rise rate are greater than the first rate threshold, for example, both the third temperature rise rate and the fourth temperature rise rate are greater than 0 ℃/s, although the current parameter state temporarily does not exceed the index corresponding to the critical state, if the target battery continues to reach the index corresponding to the critical state in a certain time, it still needs to judge whether the current temperature of the target battery exceeds the second temperature threshold, or judging whether the continuous temperature rise time of the target battery is greater than a preset time threshold, if the current temperature of the target battery exceeds a second temperature threshold, or judging that the continuous temperature rise time of the target battery is greater than the preset time threshold, at the moment, the target battery cannot be out of control immediately, but the corresponding current thermal runaway early warning level is determined to be three levels, so that relevant personnel are prompted to adopt measures such as cooling the target battery, further development towards out of control is avoided, or the preparation time for thermal runaway is reserved, and the measures are reminded to be adopted in the preparation time to reduce losses of personnel and property as much as possible.
Specifically, in an embodiment, the preset thermal runaway level includes a four-stage early warning level, and the preset speed threshold includes a second speed threshold; correspondingly, the step S103 specifically includes the following steps:
step S307: and acquiring the voltage change rate and the fifth temperature rise rate of the target battery in a preset time period on the basis that the current thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery is the third-level early warning level.
Step S308: and if the voltage change rate is greater than a preset voltage change threshold or the fifth temperature rise rate is greater than a second rate threshold, determining that the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery is a fourth-level early warning level.
Specifically, when the current thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery is determined to be a third-level early warning level, monitoring and early warning are continuously performed on the target battery, the voltage change rate and the temperature rise rate of the target battery within a period of time are obtained, the voltage change rate is compared with a preset voltage change threshold or the magnitude relation between a fifth temperature rise rate and a second rate threshold is compared, the preset voltage change threshold and the second rate threshold are indexes corresponding to the critical state of the thermal runaway of the target battery, if the current parameter state of the target battery exceeds the indexes corresponding to the critical state, the thermal runaway is indicated to occur, the current thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery is determined to be a fourth-level early warning level, namely, the fourth-level early warning is performed according to the fourth-level early warning level, related personnel are prompted to leave the site immediately, and life and property safety is guaranteed.
Thereby through carrying out the early warning of four different grades to battery thermal runaway, can assist the staff to formulate according to current risk level and take corresponding thermal runaway countermeasure, if: and when the risk level is lower, measures for carrying out external intervention on the battery are adopted, so that the thermal runaway development of the battery is avoided, the probability of thermal runaway of the battery is greatly reduced, and the method has important significance for guaranteeing the life and property safety.
Specifically, in an embodiment, the step S104 specifically includes one or more of the following thermal runaway warning processing methods:
and when the thermal runaway early warning level is a first-level early warning level, physically cooling the target battery according to the first-level early warning level, limiting the running state of the target battery, and sending a corresponding safety early warning signal. Specifically, the running state of the target battery is strictly limited, such as the mode of limiting the vehicle speed or the output power of the battery is limited to avoid continuous temperature rise of the battery, and meanwhile, the target battery is physically cooled through liquid cooling, air cooling and other battery thermal management technologies, and a primary safety early warning signal is sent out to a passenger cabin.
And when the thermal runaway early warning level is a second-stage early warning level, physically cooling the target battery according to the second-stage early warning level, controlling the target battery to enter a standby mode, and sending a corresponding safety early warning signal. Specifically, the battery enters a standby mode by sending a command of entering the standby mode to a target battery management system, partial functions of the battery are suspended, and meanwhile, the target battery is physically cooled through liquid cooling, air cooling and other battery thermal management technologies, and secondary safety early warning signals are sent to a passenger cabin.
And when the thermal runaway early warning level is a third-level early warning level, fire fighting is carried out on the target battery according to the third-level early warning level, the target battery is controlled to enter a sleep mode, and a corresponding safety early warning signal is sent out. Specifically, the target battery management system is sent a sleep mode entering instruction, so that the battery enters a sleep mode, the battery stops working, meanwhile, the target battery is started to send a fire-fighting and fire-extinguishing instruction, fire fighting and fire extinguishing are carried out, and a three-level safety early warning is sent to a passenger cabin to remind passengers of preparing to escape.
And when the thermal runaway early warning level is a fourth-level early warning level, controlling the target battery to enter a sleep mode according to the fourth-level early warning level, and sending a corresponding fire alarm signal. The target battery management system is sent a command of entering the dormant mode, so that the battery enters the dormant mode, the battery stops working, meanwhile, a fire-fighting and fire-extinguishing command is started for the target battery, manual fire fighting, fire-extinguishing and cooling and personnel evacuation operations are carried out, and a fire alarm is sent out for a passenger compartment to remind passengers to escape immediately.
The thermal runaway early warning processing method corresponding to each thermal runaway early warning level is only illustrated by way of example, and in practical application, specifically, the thermal runaway early warning processing method may also be adjusted according to the management requirements of the battery and the vehicle, which is not limited by the present invention.
The battery thermal runaway early warning method provided by the embodiment of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific application examples.
In this application example, the implementation objects of the battery thermal runaway early warning may be a battery core, a module, a battery pack, a battery system, and the like. The grades of the battery thermal runaway early warning are divided as follows:
and if the temperature of the battery rises and exceeds the safe temperature threshold value 1, determining that the thermal runaway early warning grade is a first-grade early warning grade.
And if the temperature of the battery rises and exceeds the safe temperature threshold value 1, the temperature rise rate 1 of the battery is continuously greater than 0 ℃/s and gradually rises, and when a certain time point is reached, the temperature rise rate 2 of the battery is less than the temperature rise rate 1, and the temperature rise rate 2 is greater than or equal to 0 ℃/s, the thermal runaway early warning grade is determined to be a secondary early warning grade.
If the temperature of the battery rises and exceeds the safe temperature threshold value 1, the temperature of the battery continues rising at the temperature rising rate 1, after a certain time point is reached, the temperature rising rate 2 of the battery is smaller than the temperature rising rate 1, the temperature rising rate 1 is larger than 0 ℃/s, and the temperature rising rate 2 is larger than or equal to 0 ℃/s. And when the temperature of the battery exceeds a temperature threshold value 2 or the temperature rise time exceeds a time threshold value 1, determining that the thermal runaway early warning grade is a third-grade early warning grade.
And if the voltage change value of the battery exceeds the voltage change value 1 or the temperature rise rate exceeds the temperature rise rate 3, determining that the thermal runaway early warning level is a four-stage early warning level.
Wherein, battery temperature, temperature rise rate, voltage variation value, temperature rise time, the data source includes: the device comprises a safety temperature threshold value 1, a temperature threshold value 2, a temperature rise rate 1, a temperature rise rate 2, a temperature rise rate 3, a time threshold value 1 and a voltage change value 2. The safety temperature threshold value 1 is the working upper limit temperature defined by a battery manufacturer, the temperature threshold value 2 and the time threshold value 1 are provided by the step 02, and the temperature rise rate 1, the temperature rise rate 2, the temperature rise rate 3 and the voltage change value 1 are provided by the data acquisition module and the data processing module. The battery temperature, the temperature rise rate and the voltage change value are relative values, and the temperature rise rate average value of continuous 5-15 s is selected for the temperature rise rate 1 and the temperature rise rate 2. The temperature rise rate 3 is greater than the temperature rise rate 2, is greater than or equal to 2 ℃/s and lasts for more than 3 s. The voltage variation value 1 is 5% -10% of the initial cell voltage. The initial voltage is the battery voltage before the first-stage early warning response.
The construction process of the database parameter model of the specific temperature threshold, the temperature rise rate and the time threshold corresponding to different SOC of the battery in the embodiment of the invention is exemplified as follows.
The method for touch heating out of control is exogenous heating, the objects of research comprise a soft package battery, a square-shell battery and a cylindrical battery, and the heating position is the central area of the large surface of the battery. The attached figures 3, 4, 5 and 6 are respectively a temperature-temperature rise rate-voltage change curve of a heating triggering thermal runaway process of a 100% SOC ternary soft package power battery, a 50% SOC ternary soft package power battery and a 100% SOC ternary square shell power battery, and a temperature-temperature rise rate curve of a heating triggering thermal runaway process of a 100% SOC ternary cylindrical power battery.
Three charge-discharge cycles were carried out on the cell before the test. Charging the battery according to the charging and discharging requirements of the battery and a constant-current and constant-voltage charging mode, wherein the charging multiplying power is 1C, and the constant-voltage charging cutoff current is 0.05C; the battery was discharged in a constant current mode with a discharge current of 1C.
The data collected during the test include the battery voltage and the dynamic temperature of the large area of the battery case.
With a certain 25Ah Li (Ni)0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O0.1)O2-SiOxTaking a/graphite soft package power battery as an example, a heating triggered thermal runaway test is carried out.
(1) After three charge-discharge cycles, the cells were adjusted to 100% SOC and 50% SOC, respectively.
(2) Referring to the thermal runaway triggering method of GB 38031-0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O0.1)O2-SiOxAnd performing a thermal runaway trigger test on the/graph soft package power battery, and stopping heating when the thermal runaway trigger of the battery is performed. During the period, live video acquisition is carried out, the voltage and the temperature of the battery are recorded, and the sampling frequency of the data acquisition unit is 100 Hz. The test was terminated when the thermal runaway spray combustion smoke ceased and the cell surface temperature dropped to 60 ℃.
(3) And after the test is finished, storing test data, and arranging the site and the sample.
(4) And (3) data analysis: as shown in fig. 2 for the 100% SOC pouch power cell test data, it can be seen that starting at 42s, the cell begins to heat up, the cell case temperature near the heat patch begins to rise, and the rate of temperature rise 1 continues to rise, during which time the cell case temperature exceeds the battery manufacturer specified safety threshold temperature. With further increase in the temperature rise rate 1, the temperature rise rate 1 exceeded 5 ℃/s from 90s to 110 s. After 110s, the cell temperature rise rate decreased to below 3.5 ℃/s, at which time the temperature rise rate was expressed as "temperature rise rate 2". And at the 167 th s, the temperature threshold 2 of the battery reaches 300.8 ℃, the temperature rise rate 3 reaches 5.2 ℃/s, is greater than the temperature rise rate 2, and lasts for more than 3 s. At 171s, the voltage drops by more than 5% of the initial cell voltage and thermal runaway of the cell begins.
As shown in fig. 3, which is the 50% SOC pouch power cell test data, it can be seen that from the 39 th s, the cell begins to heat up, the cell case temperature near the heat patch begins to rise, the temperature rise rate 1 continues to rise, during which the cell case temperature rapidly exceeds the battery manufacturer specified safety threshold temperature, the temperature rise rate 1 rapidly rises above 4 ℃/s, and reaches the maximum temperature rise rate 1 at the 51 st s. The temperature rise rate 1 exceeds 5 ℃/s from the 90s to 110 s. After 103s, the cell temperature rise rate decreased to below 3 ℃/s, at which time the temperature rise rate was expressed as "temperature rise rate 2". At 188s, the temperature threshold 2 of the battery reaches 356.7 ℃, the temperature rise rate 3 reaches 4 ℃/s, is greater than the temperature rise rate 2, and lasts for more than 3 s. At 198s, the voltage dropped by more than 5% of the initial cell voltage and thermal runaway of the cell began.
And establishing a corresponding database parameter model of the soft package power battery under 100% SOC and 50% SOC according to the test data of the soft package power battery.
With a certain 75Ah Li (Ni)0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O0.1)O2A graph square-shell power battery is taken as an example, and a heating triggering thermal runaway test is carried out.
(1) After three charge-discharge cycles, the battery was adjusted to 100% SOC.
(2) Referring to the thermal runaway triggering method of GB 38031-0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O0.1)O2-performing a thermal runaway trigger test on the graphite square-casing power battery, and stopping heating when the thermal runaway trigger of the battery is performed. During the period, live video acquisition is carried out, the voltage and the temperature of the battery are recorded, and the sampling frequency of the data acquisition unit is 100 Hz. The test was terminated when the thermal runaway spray combustion smoke ceased and the cell surface temperature dropped to 60 ℃.
(3) And after the test is finished, storing test data, and arranging the site and the sample.
(4) And (3) data analysis: as shown in fig. 4, which shows the test data of the 100% SOC square-casing power battery, it can be seen that, from the 147 th s, the battery starts to heat up, the temperature of the battery casing near the heating plate starts to rise, the temperature rise rate 1 rapidly rises, and reaches the maximum value of 3.6 ℃/s at the 162 th s, and then the temperature of the battery casing exceeds the safety threshold temperature specified by the battery manufacturer. Thereafter the cell temperature rise rate 2 drops below 1 c/s. At 2175s, the temperature threshold 2 of the battery reaches 200.2 ℃, at 2400s, the voltage drops to 0V, at 2461s, the temperature rise rate 3 exceeds 10 ℃/s, is larger than the temperature rise rate 2, and lasts for more than 3s, and the thermal runaway of the battery starts.
And establishing a corresponding database parameter model of the square-shell power battery under 100% SOC according to the test data of the soft package power battery.
Taking a certain ternary cylindrical power battery with 100% SOC as an example, a heating triggering thermal runaway test is carried out.
(1) After three charge-discharge cycles, the battery was adjusted to 100% SOC.
(2) And (3) performing a thermal runaway triggering test by referring to the thermal runaway triggering method of GB 38031-. During the period, live video acquisition is carried out, the voltage and the temperature of the battery are recorded, and the sampling frequency of the data acquisition unit is 100 Hz. The test was terminated when the thermal runaway spray combustion smoke ceased and the cell surface temperature dropped to 60 ℃.
(3) And after the test is finished, storing test data, and arranging the site and the sample.
(4) And (3) data analysis: figure 5 shows the test data for a 100% SOC cylindrical power cell. It can be seen that from the 55 th s, the battery begins to heat up, the battery case temperature begins to rise, the rate of temperature rise 1 rises rapidly and reaches a maximum of 2 ℃/5s at the 140 th s, and then the battery case temperature exceeds the battery manufacturer specified safety threshold temperature. Thereafter the cell temperature rise rate 2 was reduced to below 1.7 deg.C/5 s. And in the 360 th s, the temperature threshold value 2 of the battery reaches 120 ℃, in the 469 th s, the temperature rise rate 3 exceeds 10 ℃/s and is greater than the temperature rise rate 2, the temperature rise rate lasts for more than 3s, and the thermal runaway of the battery begins.
And establishing a corresponding database parameter model of the ternary cylindrical power battery under 100% SOC according to the test data of the soft package power battery.
By comparing the thermal runaway trigger tests of the soft package, the square shell and the cylindrical ternary power battery, the temperature and voltage change rules of the tests are consistent. The early warning method for the thermal runaway of the battery provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of accuracy and validity of the early warning result.
By executing the steps, the battery thermal runaway early warning method provided by the embodiment of the invention realizes the grading early warning treatment in the scene of thermal runaway induced by overheating by using the preset thermal runaway early warning model based on the simply and easily obtained characteristic data of the battery such as real-time temperature, voltage and the like. The method for carrying out thermal runaway graded early warning is beneficial to eliminating the potential safety hazard of thermal runaway in time, greatly reducing the occurrence probability of thermal runaway, being beneficial to guaranteeing the life safety of the public and reducing property loss.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a battery thermal runaway early warning device, as shown in fig. 6, the battery thermal runaway early warning device includes:
the monitoring module 101 is configured to monitor the temperature and the voltage of the target battery within a preset time period to obtain temperature monitoring data and voltage monitoring data. For details, refer to the related description of step S101 in the above method embodiment, and no further description is provided here.
The first processing module 102 is configured to obtain battery state parameters of the target battery according to the temperature monitoring data and the voltage monitoring data, where the battery state parameters include a current temperature, a current voltage, a temperature rise rate, a temperature rise time, a temperature rise change trend, and a voltage change rate of the target battery. For details, refer to the related description of step S102 in the above method embodiment, and no further description is provided here.
The second processing module 103 is configured to determine a thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameters and a preset thermal runaway early warning model, where the thermal runaway early warning model is constructed based on a plurality of lithium ion batteries in different SOC states, where the types of the lithium ion batteries are the same as the target battery. For details, refer to the related description of step S103 in the above method embodiment, and no further description is provided here.
And the third processing module 104 is configured to perform thermal runaway early warning processing on the target battery according to the thermal runaway early warning level. For details, refer to the related description of step S104 in the above method embodiment, and no further description is provided here.
Through the cooperative cooperation of the components, the battery thermal runaway early warning device provided by the embodiment of the invention realizes the grading early warning treatment in the scene of thermal runaway induced by overheating by using a preset thermal runaway early warning model based on the simply and easily obtained characteristic data of the battery such as real-time temperature, voltage and the like. The method for carrying out thermal runaway graded early warning is beneficial to eliminating the potential safety hazard of thermal runaway in time, greatly reducing the occurrence probability of thermal runaway, being beneficial to guaranteeing the life safety of the public and reducing property loss.
Further functional descriptions of the modules are the same as those of the corresponding method embodiments, and are not repeated herein.
There is also provided an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 7, the electronic device may include a processor 901 and a memory 902, where the processor 901 and the memory 902 may be connected by a bus or in another manner, and fig. 7 illustrates an example of a connection by a bus.
The memory 902, which is a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, may be used for storing non-transitory software programs, non-transitory computer executable programs, and modules, such as program instructions/modules corresponding to the methods in the method embodiments of the present invention. The processor 901 executes various functional applications and data processing of the processor by executing non-transitory software programs, instructions and modules stored in the memory 902, that is, implements the methods in the above-described method embodiments.
The memory 902 may include a storage program area and a storage data area, wherein the storage program area may store an application program required for operating the device, at least one function; the storage data area may store data created by the processor 901, and the like. Further, the memory 902 may include high speed random access memory, and may also include non-transitory memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid state storage device. In some embodiments, the memory 902 may optionally include memory located remotely from the processor 901, which may be connected to the processor 901 via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.
One or more modules are stored in the memory 902, which when executed by the processor 901 performs the methods in the above-described method embodiments.
The specific details of the electronic device may be understood by referring to the corresponding related descriptions and effects in the above method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by hardware related to instructions of a computer program, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. The storage medium may be a magnetic Disk, an optical Disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Flash Memory (Flash Memory), a Hard Disk (Hard Disk Drive, abbreviated as HDD) or a Solid State Drive (SSD), etc.; the storage medium may also comprise a combination of memories of the kind described above.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A battery thermal runaway early warning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
monitoring the temperature and the voltage of a target battery within a preset time period to obtain temperature monitoring data and voltage monitoring data;
acquiring battery state parameters of the target battery according to the temperature monitoring data and the voltage monitoring data, wherein the battery state parameters comprise the current temperature, the current voltage, the temperature rise rate, the temperature rise time, the temperature rise change trend and the voltage change rate of the target battery;
determining a thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameters and a preset thermal runaway early warning model, wherein the thermal runaway early warning model is constructed on the basis of a plurality of lithium ion batteries with different SOC states, and the types of the lithium ion batteries are the same as the model of the target battery;
and carrying out thermal runaway early warning treatment on the target battery according to the thermal runaway early warning grade.
2. The battery thermal runaway early warning method of claim 1, wherein the thermal runaway early warning model is generated by:
obtaining a plurality of lithium ion batteries with the same type as the target battery and in different SOC states;
heating the lithium ion batteries to obtain temperature data and voltage data of the lithium ion batteries;
determining a plurality of preset thermal runaway grades and corresponding preset voltage change thresholds, preset temperature thresholds, preset speed thresholds and preset time thresholds according to the temperature data and the voltage data of the plurality of lithium ion batteries;
and generating the thermal runaway early warning model according to the plurality of preset thermal runaway grades and corresponding preset voltage change thresholds, preset temperature thresholds, preset speed thresholds and preset time thresholds.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the preset thermal runaway level comprises a primary warning level, and the preset temperature threshold comprises a first temperature threshold;
correspondingly, the determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameter of the target battery and the thermal runaway early warning model comprises:
and if the current temperature of the target battery is greater than a first temperature threshold value, determining that the thermal runaway early warning grade of the target battery is a first-grade early warning grade.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the preset thermal runaway level comprises a secondary warning level, and the preset rate threshold comprises a first rate threshold;
correspondingly, the determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameter of the target battery and the thermal runaway early warning model comprises:
acquiring a first temperature rise rate and a second temperature rise rate of the target battery in a preset time period on the basis that the current thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery is a first-level early warning level;
and if the current temperature of the target battery is greater than the first temperature threshold, the temperature rise change trend is firstly increased and then decreased, the first temperature rise rate is greater than the second temperature rise rate, and the first temperature rise rate and the second temperature rise rate are both greater than the first rate threshold, determining that the thermal runaway early warning grade of the target battery is a secondary early warning grade.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the preset thermal runaway level comprises a three-level warning level, and the preset temperature threshold comprises a second temperature threshold;
correspondingly, the determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameter of the target battery and the thermal runaway early warning model comprises:
acquiring a third temperature rise rate and a fourth temperature rise rate of the target battery in a preset time period on the basis that the current thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery is a secondary early warning level;
if the current temperature of the target battery is greater than the first temperature threshold, the temperature rise change trend is first increasing and then decreasing, the third temperature rise rate is greater than the fourth temperature rise rate, and the third temperature rise rate and the fourth temperature rise rate are both greater than the first rate threshold, whether the current temperature of the target battery is greater than a second temperature threshold or whether the temperature rise time of the target battery is greater than a preset time threshold is judged;
and if the current temperature of the target battery is greater than a second temperature threshold or the temperature rise time of the target battery is greater than a preset time threshold, determining that the thermal runaway early warning grade of the target battery is a third-grade early warning grade.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the preset thermal runaway level comprises a three-level warning level, and the preset rate threshold comprises a second rate threshold;
correspondingly, the determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameter of the target battery and the thermal runaway early warning model comprises:
acquiring a voltage change rate and a fifth temperature rise rate of the target battery within a preset time period on the basis that the current thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery is a third-level early warning level;
and if the voltage change rate is greater than the preset voltage change threshold or the fifth temperature rise rate is greater than the second rate threshold, determining that the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery is a fourth-level early warning level.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the performing thermal runaway pre-warning on the target battery according to the thermal runaway pre-warning level comprises one or more of:
when the thermal runaway early warning level is a first-level early warning level, the target battery is physically cooled according to the first-level early warning level, the running state of the target battery is limited, and a corresponding safety early warning signal is sent out;
and when the thermal runaway early warning level is a secondary early warning level, physically cooling the target battery according to the secondary early warning level, controlling the target battery to enter a standby mode, and sending a corresponding safety early warning signal;
and when the thermal runaway early warning level is a third-level early warning level, performing fire fighting and extinguishing on the target battery according to the third-level early warning level, controlling the target battery to enter a sleep mode, and sending a corresponding safety early warning signal;
and when the thermal runaway early warning level is a four-level early warning level, controlling the target battery to enter a sleep mode according to the four-level early warning level, and sending a corresponding fire alarm signal.
8. A battery thermal runaway early warning device is characterized by comprising:
the monitoring module is used for monitoring the temperature and the voltage of the target battery within a preset time period to obtain temperature monitoring data and voltage monitoring data;
the first processing module is used for acquiring battery state parameters of the target battery according to the temperature monitoring data and the voltage monitoring data, wherein the battery state parameters comprise the current temperature, the current voltage, the temperature rise rate, the temperature rise time, the temperature rise change trend and the voltage change rate of the target battery;
the second processing module is used for determining the thermal runaway early warning level of the target battery according to the battery state parameters and a preset thermal runaway early warning model, and the thermal runaway early warning model is constructed on the basis of a plurality of lithium ion batteries with different SOC states, wherein the types of the lithium ion batteries are the same as the type of the target battery;
and the third processing module is used for carrying out thermal runaway early warning processing on the target battery according to the thermal runaway early warning grade.
9. An electronic device, comprising:
a memory and a processor, the memory and the processor being communicatively coupled to each other, the memory having stored therein computer instructions, the processor executing the computer instructions to perform the method of any of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer instructions for causing a computer to thereby perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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Cited By (13)
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