CN113984663A - Optical detection device and working method thereof - Google Patents
Optical detection device and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/59—Transmissivity
Abstract
The invention provides an optical detection device and a working method thereof, wherein the optical detection device is used for detecting the state of blood in a venous pot and comprises the following steps: the shell is sleeved outside the venous pot; the light detection assembly is arranged on the shell and comprises a first light-emitting module and a first photosensitive module, when in detection, light rays emitted by the first light-emitting module penetrate through the venous pot and then are received by the first photosensitive module, and the first photosensitive module outputs transmission detection signals according to the received transmission light rays; and the processing module is electrically connected with the optical detection assembly and used for judging the state of the blood in the venous pot according to the transmission detection signal. The detection device can accurately analyze the blood state in the venous pot, accurately identify the early coagulation reaction in the venous pot in time, reduce the patrol pressure of nurses and reduce the occurrence of serious coagulation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of clinical medical examination, in particular to an optical detection device and a working method thereof.
Background
Hemodialysis is an important treatment means for clinically treating patients with end-stage renal diseases, blood coagulation reaction is one of common complications in the hemodialysis process, mainly occurs to patients with high blood coagulation state, insufficient anticoagulant dosage, heparin-free dialysis and insufficient blood flow, the complications seriously affect the life safety of the patients, and therefore, in the dialysis process, close attention needs to be paid to whether blood in a dialysis pipeline venous kettle is coagulated.
If a chinese patent with patent number CN201621409728.0 discloses a venous pot blood coagulation monitoring devices for hemodialysis, during the use, medical personnel open first switch, open the LED lamp, under the effect of LED lamp evenly distributed around glass for the LED lamp is in the state of shadowless lamp, and medical personnel's accessible glass observes the state of blood coagulation in the venous pot. Although this scheme irradiates coagulation with visible light so that a medical worker can visually observe the coagulation condition, in actual use, a high level of medical worker is required. Although some patients (for example, patients have high blood transparency and floccule or blood clots are formed after blood coagulation) can be observed by naked eyes, some patients have very low blood transmittance and black blood when performing venous dialysis, and whether blood coagulation exists is difficult to distinguish by naked eyes in the situation, and even for experienced medical staff, the medical staff still has great identification difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that whether coagulation reaction exists in a dialysis venous pot or not is judged mainly by visual observation of medical staff in the prior art, and sensitive monitoring on the coagulation reaction cannot be effectively and accurately realized. The invention provides an optical detection device which can effectively identify whether a coagulation reaction occurs in a venous pot and can realize sensitive detection of early coagulation reaction in the venous pot.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention discloses an optical detection device for detecting a state of blood in a venous pot, including:
the shell can be sleeved and arranged on the outer side of the venous pot;
the light detection assembly is arranged on the shell and comprises a first light-emitting module and a first photosensitive module, when in detection, light rays emitted by the first light-emitting module penetrate through the venous pot and then are received by the first photosensitive module, and the first photosensitive module is used for outputting transmission detection signals according to the received transmission light rays;
and the processing module is electrically connected with the optical detection assembly and used for judging the state of the blood in the venous pot according to the transmission detection signal.
Adopt above-mentioned technical scheme, utilize the projection phenomenon of light in venous pot blood, according to the situation of change of light around the transmission, can accurate analysis go out the blood state in the venous pot, in time accurately discern the early coagulation reaction in the venous pot for medical personnel can in time discover relevant problem at the blood coagulation initial stage, reduce nurse's patrol pressure, the doctor that the serious blood coagulation that significantly reduces simultaneously caused is lost.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the wavelength of the light emitted by the first light-emitting module is 760 nm.
According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, the light detection assembly further includes a second light emitting module and a second light sensing module, the second light sensing module is connected to the processing module, light emitted by the second light emitting module is reflected by blood in the venous pot and then received by the second light sensing module, the second light sensing module outputs a reflection detection signal according to the received reflection light, and the processing module is further configured to receive the reflection detection signal and determine a state of the blood in the venous pot according to the reflection detection signal.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the optical detection apparatus further includes a hollow fixing frame connected to the housing, a partition board is disposed in the hollow fixing frame, the partition board divides the interior of the hollow fixing frame into two cavities, and the second light emitting module and the second light sensing module are respectively disposed in the two cavities.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, a second light emitting module includes a first reflective light concentrator and a second light source; the second photosensitive module comprises a second reflection light gathering piece and a second optical receiving unit;
the first reflective light gathering piece is used for converting light rays emitted by the second light source into parallel light and outputting the parallel light, and the second reflective light gathering piece is used for gathering received parallel light and outputting the gathered parallel light to the second optical receiving unit.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the second light source is a light emitting diode with a wavelength of 500 nm.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the optical detection apparatus further comprises: the first early warning module is arranged on the shell and connected with the processing module, and when the processing module judges that blood coagulation exists in the blood state according to the reflection detection signal, the processing module controls the first early warning module to give an alarm.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the first light emitting module includes a first hollow housing, a first transmissive light-collecting member, and a first light source, the first hollow housing being connected to the case, the first transmissive light-collecting member and the first light source being disposed in the first hollow housing;
the first photosensitive module comprises a second hollow shell, a second transmission light gathering piece and a first optical receiving unit, the second hollow shell is connected with the shell, and the second transmission light gathering piece and the first optical receiving unit are arranged in the second hollow shell;
the first transmission light gathering part is used for converting light rays emitted by the first light source into parallel light and outputting the parallel light, and the second transmission light gathering part is used for gathering received parallel light and outputting the gathered parallel light to the first optical receiving unit.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the housing can be sleeved outside the intravenous drip chamber, the housing is light-tight, and the housing is provided with a viewing window.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the optical detection apparatus further comprises: and the second early warning module is electrically connected with the processing module, and controls the second early warning module to give an alarm when the processing module judges that the blood state is coagulation according to the transmission detection signal.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the shape of the housing matches the shape of the venous pot; the number of the light detection assemblies is multiple, and the light detection assemblies are arranged on the shell at intervals along the axial direction of the shell.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a working method of the optical detection device, which comprises the following steps:
sleeving the shell on the outer side of the venous pot;
the first light-emitting module emits light into the venous pot;
the light is transmitted by the venous pot and then received by the first photosensitive module;
the first photosensitive module outputs a transmission detection signal according to the received light;
the processing module judges the blood state in the venous pot according to the transmission detection signal.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the light detection assembly further comprises a second light emitting module and a second light sensing module; the working method further comprises the following steps:
when the processing module judges the blood state in the venous pot according to the transmission detection signal, if the blood state is that coagulation exists,
the second light-emitting module emits light into the venous pot;
the light emitted by the second light-emitting module is reflected by the blood in the venous pot and then received by the second light-sensing module;
the second photosensitive module outputs a reflection detection signal according to the received reflection light;
the processing module judges the blood state in the venous pot according to the reflection detection signal;
if the blood state judged according to the reflection detection signal is that coagulation exists, a coagulation alarm is sent.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an optical detection device mounted on a venous pot according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an optical inspection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a top view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical inspection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a top view of a reflective optical detection group according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 illustrates a side view of a reflective optical detection group provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 illustrates a top view of a transmissive optical detection group provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 shows a transmission spectrum of a blood sample from the first 3 maintenance hemodialysis volunteers provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 shows a transmission spectrum of a blood sample from a posterior 8-position maintenance hemodialysis volunteer provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a graph showing transmittance as a function of wavelength for a post-8 maintenance hemodialysis volunteer blood sample provided in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 shows a graph of the variation of reflectivity versus wavelength provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure. While the invention will be described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, it is not intended that features of the invention be limited to these embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is described in connection with the embodiments for the purpose of covering alternatives or modifications that may be extended based on the claims of the present invention. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The invention may be practiced without these particulars. Moreover, some of the specific details have been left out of the description in order to avoid obscuring or obscuring the focus of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that in this specification, like reference numerals and letters refer to like items in the following drawings, and thus, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.
In the description of the present embodiment, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that are conventionally placed when the products of the present invention are used, and are only used for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements indicated must have specific orientations, be configured in specific orientations, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The terms "first," "second," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present embodiment, it should be further noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present embodiment can be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In clinical practice, whether the blood coagulation occurs in the dialysis line is mainly judged by the following steps: the blood pressure (including venous pressure and transmembrane pressure) in the hemodialysis machine is measured, when the measured value is greater than a limit value, the hemodialysis machine gives out a pressure high alarm, and then medical personnel can observe the condition in the venous kettle in advance to obtain a result of whether coagulation exists or not according to experience. However, the method has many disadvantages:
1) the blood coagulation alarm cannot be made early: in the early stage of blood coagulation reaction, only a small amount of fibrinogen and tiny blood clots are formed in blood, and at the moment, the venous pressure and the transmembrane pressure are not obviously increased, and the pressure alarm of a machine is not triggered;
2) in the process of hemodialysis, when transmembrane pressure or venous pressure can be increased to be sensed by a machine and an alarm is given out due to blood coagulation, a waterfall type blood coagulation reaction often occurs, and the external blood coagulation is unavoidable. Therefore, the alarm does not always play an ideal early warning role;
3) the reasons for causing the high alarm of the machine pressure are many, the blood coagulation reaction is only one of the reasons, and in addition, the reasons such as body position change, external force influence, vein factors, puncture factors, equipment materials and the like exist, so that the false alarm of the hemodialysis machine can be caused, and the working efficiency of medical staff is influenced;
4) although when the venous pot coagulates blood, characteristics such as blood color deepening in the venous pot and pressure increase of a pipeline of the venous pot can occur, the characteristics are not easy to find in the early stage, medical workers are required to have abundant clinical experience and strong responsibility, interference factors are more in the manual judgment process, the judgment result is often unreliable, and once the medical workers are neglected to find abnormality in the venous pot slightly, the rapid waterfall type coagulation reaction can be excited, the remedy cannot be realized, and the great harm is caused to the health of a patient.
In view of this, a chinese patent CN201921930951.3 discloses an extracorporeal circulation blood coagulation monitoring device, which uses ultrasonic waves to monitor blood coagulation, and can detect the blood coagulation due to different acoustic resistances of different media. Since the air-to-underwater acoustic impedance ratio is 1:34000 (refer to the article "bubble monitoring ultrasonic sensor and detection circuit principle thereof"), the attenuation ratio of water (like blood) to ultrasonic waves and human tissue (like coagulated blood) to ultrasonic waves is 1: 500, it is therefore theoretically possible to solve the coagulation detection problem also on the basis of ultrasound. However, currently, in practical application, the products for monitoring blood coagulation by using the ultrasonic technology are not seen on the market and appear, so that the practical feasibility of the technology needs to be further verified.
One embodiment of the present invention discloses an optical detection device that can be used to detect the condition of blood in a venous pot. As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the optical inspection apparatus includes a housing 1, an optical detection assembly, and a processing module. Wherein, the housing 1 can be installed on the venous pot 100, and specifically, the shape of the housing 1 matches with the shape of the venous pot 100, and can be sleeved outside the venous pot 100. The light detection component is arranged on the shell 1 and used for detecting the state of blood in the venous pot 100; the processing module is electrically connected with the optical detection assembly and used for receiving and processing detection signals of the optical detection assembly. Specifically, the light detection assembly comprises a first light-emitting module 21 and a first light-sensing module 22, when detecting, light emitted by the first light-emitting module 21 passes through the venous pot 100 and is received by the first light-sensing module 22, the first light-sensing module 22 outputs a transmission detection signal to the processing module according to the received transmission light, and the processing module receives the transmission detection signal and judges the state of blood in the venous pot 100 according to the transmission detection signal.
The projection phenomenon of this scheme utilization light in vein kettle 100 blood, according to the situation of change of light around the transmission, can accurate analysis go out the blood state in the vein kettle 100, in time accurately discern the early coagulation reaction in the vein kettle 100 for medical personnel can in time discover relevant problem at the coagulation initial stage, reduce nurse's patrol pressure, the doctor-patient loss that the serious coagulation that significantly reduces caused simultaneously.
In particular, the state of the blood in the venous pot 100 may include the presence and absence of clotting. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the absence of clotting is not meant to be a complete absence of clots in the blood within the venous pot 100, but rather a relatively small number of clots that would not materially affect the health of the patient and, therefore, may be approximated as an absence of clotting. Further, the value range of the clot content can be approximately considered as the absence of clotting, and can be set according to the actual clinical situation.
Generally, the absorption of light by the blood in the venous pot 100 is different under different blood conditions (e.g., presence and absence of coagulation), so that the blood condition in the venous pot 100 can be analyzed according to the received light information. In the scheme, the first light-emitting module 21 and the first light-sensing module 22 are adopted to form the transmission optical detection group 2, and the state condition of blood in the venous pot 100 is judged by utilizing the light change of light passing through the venous pot 100 before and after transmission. According to the scheme, the change of the transmission light can be caused when the blood in the venous pot 100 is coagulated blood in the early stage, so that the blood state in the venous pot 100 can be accurately judged, and the problems of untimely detection and inaccurate artificial observation and detection are avoided.
As shown in fig. 4 and 9, when the housing 1 is sleeved outside the venous pot 100, a connection line between the light emitting center point of the first light emitting module 21 and the light incident center point of the first light sensing module 22 intersects with and is perpendicular to the axis of the venous pot 100. Therefore, light emitted by the first light-emitting module 21 can be ensured to penetrate through the venous pot 100 to a great extent and then be received by the first light-sensing module 22, the occurrence of light refraction in the venous pot 100 is reduced, light loss is reduced, and acquisition and analysis of transmission detection signals are facilitated.
Exemplarily, as shown in fig. 10, the first light emitting module 21 includes a first hollow housing 210, a first transmissive light-collecting piece 212, and a first light source 211, the first hollow housing 210 is connected with the housing 1, and the first transmissive light-collecting piece 212 and the first light source 211 are disposed in the first hollow housing 210; the first photosensitive module 22 includes a second hollow housing 220, a second transmissive light-gathering member 224 and a first optical receiving unit 223, the second hollow housing 220 is connected with the casing 1, and the second transmissive light-gathering member 224 and the first optical receiving unit 223 are disposed in the second hollow housing 220; the first transmissive light-gathering component 212 is configured to convert light emitted by the first light source 211 into parallel light and output the parallel light, and the second transmissive light-gathering component 224 is configured to converge the received parallel light and output the converged parallel light to the first optical receiving unit 223.
Specifically, a first light-transmitting opening is arranged at the connecting side of the housing 1 and the first hollow shell 210, and the first light source 211 is positioned at one side of the first transmission light-gathering piece 212 far away from the first light-transmitting opening; the light-emitting center point of the first light source 211 is located at the center of the first light-transmitting opening; a second light transmission opening is formed in the connecting side of the housing 1 and the second hollow shell 220, and the first optical receiving unit 223 is positioned on the side of the second transmission light gathering piece 224 away from the second light transmission opening; the light incident center point of the first optical receiving unit 223 is located at the center of the second light transmission opening. Thus, the light emitted from the first light source 211 is converted into parallel light by the first transmissive light-gathering component 212, then sequentially passes through the first light-transmitting opening, the venous pot 100 and the second light-transmitting opening, then is gathered by the second transmissive light-gathering component 224, and finally is received by the first optical receiving unit 223. The first optical receiving unit 223 outputs a transmission detection signal to the processing module according to the received light so that the processing module analyzes the state of the blood in the IV pot 100.
Further, the first and second transmissive light-gathering members 212 and 224 may each be a convex lens; the line connecting the first light emitting source, the center of the first transmissive light-gathering member 212, the center of the second transmissive light-gathering member 224 and the first optical receiving unit 223 intersects and is perpendicular to the axis of the intravenous drip chamber 100.
Exemplarily, the first light-emitting module 21 further includes a first optical filter disposed at the first light-transmitting opening; the first photosensitive module 22 further includes a second optical filter disposed at the second light-transmitting opening. The arrangement of the first optical filter and the second optical filter can further filter and process the passing light, so that the effects of signal purification, enhancement and interference resistance are achieved, and the detection accuracy is further improved.
Illustratively, the optical detection apparatus may further include a second warning module electrically connected to the processing module, and when the processing module determines that the blood coagulation state is present according to the transmission detection signal output by the first optical receiving unit 223, the processing module may control the second warning module to issue a coagulation alarm, such as an equipment platform interface alarm, a light alarm, a warning sound or a voice alarm.
As shown in fig. 3, in order to further improve the detection accuracy of the optical detection device, a reflective optical detection group 3 may be further provided to perform secondary verification on the detection result. The reflective optical assembly may be disposed between the first and second light emitting modules 21 and 31. Specifically, as shown in fig. 6 to 8, the light detection assembly may further include a reflective optical detection group 3, the reflective optical detection group 3 may include a second light emitting module 31 and a second light sensing module 32, the second light sensing module 32 is connected to the processing module, light emitted by the second light emitting module 31 is reflected by blood in the venous pot 100 and then received by the second light sensing module 32, the second light sensing module 32 outputs a reflected detection signal according to the received reflected light, and the processing module is further configured to receive the reflected detection signal and determine a state of the blood in the venous pot 100 according to the reflected detection signal.
Specifically, when the housing 1 is sleeved outside the venous kettle 100, the first perpendicular line and the second perpendicular line are inclined, the first perpendicular line is a perpendicular line from the light-emitting central point of the second light-emitting module 31 to the axis of the venous kettle 100, and the second perpendicular line is a perpendicular line from the light-entering central point of the second light-sensing module 32 to the axis of the venous kettle 100. The arrangement is such that the light emitted from the second light emitting module 31 can be smoothly reflected to the second light sensing module 32 by the blood in the venous pot 100.
Further, the wavelength of the light emitted by the second light emitting module 31 is different from the wavelength of the light emitted by the first light emitting module 21, and the wavelength of the light emitted by the second light emitting module 31 is 500 nm.
It should be noted that the reflective optical detection group 3 and the transmissive optical detection group 2 can operate simultaneously and sequentially. When operating simultaneously, the processing module receives the reflection detection signal sent by the second photosensitive module 32 and the transmission detection signal sent by the first photosensitive module 22 in the reflective optical assembly, and determines the corresponding result according to the two sets of detection signals. When the transmission detection signal is used for judging that coagulation exists and the reflection signal is used for judging that coagulation does not exist, the second early warning module does not perform coagulation warning, and when the processing module judges that coagulation exists according to the transmission detection signal and the reflection signal, the second early warning module performs coagulation warning.
Of course, the reflective optical detection group 3 and the transmissive optical detection group 2 may not operate simultaneously, specifically: the processing module firstly determines the blood state in the venous pot 100 according to the transmission detection signal output by the transmission optical detection group 2, when it is determined that blood coagulation exists, the processing module controls the second light source 311 in the reflection optical detection group 3 to be turned on, the second optical receiving unit 324 outputs a reflection detection signal to the processing module according to the received reflection light, and the processing module further determines whether blood coagulation exists in the venous pot 100 according to the reflection detection signal, that is, performs secondary verification. If the processing module judges that the result according to the reflection detection signal is that blood coagulation exists in the venous pot 100, the second early warning module gives a blood coagulation alarm. If the processing module judges that coagulation does not exist in the venous pot 100 according to the reflection detection signal, the second early warning module gives an alarm that coagulation does not exist.
Further, the optical detection device further includes a hollow fixing frame 30 connected to the housing 1, a partition board is disposed in the hollow fixing frame 30, the partition board divides the inside of the hollow fixing frame 30 into two cavities, and the second light emitting module 31 and the second photosensitive module 32 are disposed in the two cavities respectively.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, the housing 1 is provided with a third light-transmitting opening 301 and a fourth light-transmitting opening 302, light emitted by the second light-emitting module 31 is transmitted through the third light-transmitting opening 301, and reflected by the venous pot 100 and then transmitted to the second photosensitive module 32 through the fourth light-transmitting opening 302; the light emitting center of the second light emitting module 31 is located at the center of the third light transmitting opening 301, and the light incident center of the second light sensing module 32 is located at the center of the fourth light transmitting opening 302.
Exemplarily, as shown in fig. 8, the second light emitting module 31 includes a first reflective condenser 312 and a second light source 311; the second photosensitive module 32 includes a second reflective condenser 325 and a second optical receiving unit 324; the first reflective light-gathering component 312 is configured to convert light emitted by the second light source 311 into parallel light and output the parallel light, and the second reflective light-gathering component 325 is configured to converge the received parallel light and output the converged parallel light to the second optical receiving unit 324.
Specifically, the second light source 311 is a light emitting diode having a wavelength of 500 nm. The first reflective light-gathering member 312 is disposed at one side of the second light source 311 close to the third light-transmitting opening 301; the second reflective condenser 325 is disposed at a side of the second optical receiving unit 324 close to the fourth light-transmitting opening 302. Thus, the light emitted from the second light source 311 is converted into parallel light by the first reflective light-gathering member 312, then the parallel light is transmitted out of the third light-transmitting opening 301, reflected by the venous kettle 100, transmitted through the fourth light-transmitting opening, and collected by the second reflective light-gathering member 325 to be received by the second optical receiving unit 324.
Further, the second light emitting module 31 further includes a third optical filter disposed on one side of the first reflective light gathering member 312 close to the third light-transmitting opening 301; the second photosensitive module 32 further includes a fourth filter 323 disposed on a side of the second reflective condenser 325 close to the fourth light-transmitting opening 302. The first reflective condenser 312 and the second reflective condenser 325 may each be a convex lens; the second light emitting source, the center of the first reflective light collecting member 312, the center of the second reflective light collecting member 325, and the center of the second optical receiving unit 324 are in the same horizontal plane.
Exemplarily, the optical detection device further comprises a first early warning module, which is disposed on the housing 1 and connected to the processing module, and when the processing module determines that the blood coagulation does not exist according to the reflected detection signal, the processing module controls the first early warning module to give an alarm. Specifically, the first warning module may be an indicator light disposed at an end of the hollow fixing frame 30. Optionally, the state of the first warning module may be different according to the state of the blood in the venous pot 100, for example, when the processing module determines that blood coagulation exists according to the reflected detection signal, the processing module may control the first warning module to emit red light; and when the processing module judges that coagulation does not exist according to the reflection detection signal, the processing module can control the first early warning module to emit green light or flicker-free light.
It should be noted that, when the processing module determines that coagulation exists according to the transmission detection signal and determines that coagulation does not exist according to the reflection signal, the second early warning module may be set to perform coagulation existence warning (for example, an equipment platform interface alarm or a voice alarm) and the first early warning module performs coagulation nonexistence warning (for example, the first early warning module emits green light or does not flash light). This facilitates the medical personnel to further grasp the blood condition within the venous pot 100.
Specifically, the first optical receiving unit 223 and the second optical receiving unit 324 may be photo resistors, which generate corresponding electrical signals due to the irradiation of light with a specific wavelength.
Further, in order to reduce the interference of ambient light, the housing 1 may be designed to be opaque. Still further, in order to enable medical staff to observe the state of blood in the venous pot 100 conveniently, an observation window 11 may be further formed in the light-tight casing 1, and the observation window 11 is of a transparent design so as to consider both the interference of ambient light and the observation of medical staff conveniently. Specifically, the housing 1 may be made of metal, and the surface of the housing 1 is coated with a light shielding layer.
Specifically, although the totally enclosed device has the advantage that the blood coagulation judgment is not affected by ambient light, a nurse cannot observe whether blood coagulation occurs or not, and cannot observe whether blood coagulation occurs or not even if the venous pot 100 is flushed with physiological saline, so that the safety of a patient is monitored by blood coagulation, the reliability of equipment is greatly tested, and early experiments are not facilitated. Therefore, the present embodiment adopts a method of partially transparent window, and combines the following method of selecting light to solve the influence of ambient light on the collection.
Step S1, after the LED is turned off for the interval time t, acquiring the light intensity A for example
Step S2, after the LED is turned on for the interval time t, acquiring the light intensity B once
Step S3, since the ambient light does not change suddenly, and the light intensities of the ambient light in a and B are the same, the light obtained by subtracting the light intensity of a from the light intensity of B is the transmitted light required for detection.
The method can effectively solve the influence of ambient light, can be realized by adopting a circuit or software, and has application in the aspects of arterial blood oxygen detection, environmental pollution gas detection based on photoelectric technology and the like, so that the method is not repeated.
Illustratively, the housing 1 is shaped to match the shape of the intravenous drip 100, and may be cylindrical or frustoconical. As shown in fig. 5, the number of the light detection units is plural, and each light detection unit is provided on the housing 1 at intervals along the axial direction (as shown in the X direction in fig. 5) of the housing 1.
Further, the applicant has found, based on the coagulation characteristics, that the earliest sites of coagulation in hemodialysis are typically the venous reservoir 100 of the dialyzer and dialysis tubing. The dialyzer and venous pot 100 clotting may occur separately or both together. The venous pot 100 clotting occurs most often at two locations, one at the initial level of the venous pot 100 and the other at the strainer of the venous pot 100 where thrombus tends to form and expand further. Therefore, as shown in fig. 1, in one embodiment of the present invention, the number of the optical detection assemblies may be set to two, respectively, at positions on the housing 1 corresponding to the initial liquid level of the intravenous drip chamber 100 and the filter net, respectively, to reduce the apparatus cost while ensuring the detection effect.
Illustratively, the wavelength of the light emitted by the first light-emitting module 21 may be 600nm to 900nm, and is preferably 760 nm. That is, the first light source 211 may employ a light emitting diode having a wavelength of 760 nm. The reason why the 760nm light wave is adopted is that, the applicant finds out by comparing the transmission spectrum and the reflection spectrum of 11 blood samples of maintenance hemodialysis volunteers that whether the samples are in a liquid state (no coagulation) or a gel state (coagulation exists) is to be distinguished, the transmittance change of the characteristic structure reflected by the light with the wavelength of 600nm to 900nm, particularly 760nm, has more analytical significance, and has great significance for the practical application of clinical detection. The specific analysis is as follows:
as shown in FIGS. 11 to 13, the transmission spectra of the blood samples of 11 maintenance hemodialysis volunteers are shown. Wherein, 3 samples, 1 gel sample (blood clot) and two liquid samples (fresh non-blood clot) are provided for each person of the first 3 volunteers, the liquid samples are shaken up before the experiment, and the transmission spectrum test result is shown in figure 11. The second 8 volunteers provided 2 samples, 1 gel sample (blood clot) and 1 liquid sample (fresh non-clotting) per person, and the liquid samples were shaken up before the experiment, and the transmission spectrum test results are shown in fig. 12 and 13.
As can be seen from fig. 11 to 14, all samples were substantially opaque in the light range below 600nm in wavelength (i.e. photons were mainly absorbed, see in particular the reflection spectrum results below (fig. 14)). It is noted that the gel sample exhibits a significant reduction in the transmission peak in the long wavelength direction (around 700nm wavelength) relative to the liquid sample, particularly where significant absorption structure features are present (at 760nm wavelength). Although the characteristic absorption peak is randomly visible in the liquid sample, the intensity of the characteristic absorption peak is weak and the characteristic absorption peak does not appear in some liquid samples, so that the absorption peak can be preliminarily deduced to be related to the content of a certain specific substance in the liquid sample when the liquid sample is transited to the gel state, and the dynamic process of the liquid sample to the gel sample can be further characterized by using the variation of the peak.
Meanwhile, in view of the transmittance value, it is also possible to compare the change of transmittance at any wavelength in the range of 600nm to 900nm, particularly in the range of 660nm to 710nm, to distinguish whether the sample is in a liquid state or a gel state, but the change of transmittance based on the characteristic structure of 760nm is more significant analytically.
Further, fig. 14 is a room temperature reflectance spectrum of samples, all samples (including liquid and gel samples) showing similar reflectance curves, with the samples having only a slight numerical difference (within about 5%) in reflectance. This line is essentially consistent with the transmission spectrum results described above and shows that: in the wave band range below 600nm, the sample has a little reflection of 10 percent; in conjunction with the transmission spectrum, it is shown that a substantial majority of photons in this range are substantially completely absorbed by the sample (whether a liquid or gel sample). In the range of more than 600nm, the reflection of the sample is basically negligible; in combination with the transmission spectrum, it is indicated that the reflection of the sample in this range has no substantial influence on the transmission spectrum result, and it is practical to judge that the sample is in a certain state (liquid state or gel state) based on the transmittance of a certain wavelength in this band.
The optical detection device provided by the invention can utilize the projection phenomenon of light rays in the blood of the venous pot 100, can accurately analyze the blood state in the venous pot 100 according to the change conditions of the light rays before and after transmission, and further timely and accurately identify the early coagulation reaction in the venous pot 100, so that medical personnel can timely find related problems at the coagulation initial stage, the patrol pressure of nurses is reduced, and meanwhile, the doctor-patient loss caused by serious coagulation is greatly reduced.
Accordingly, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a working method of the optical detection apparatus, including the following steps:
step S1: the shell 1 is sleeved outside the venous pot 100;
step S2: the first light-emitting module 21 emits light into the venous pot 100;
step S3: the light is transmitted through the venous pot 100 and then received by the first photosensitive module 22;
step S4: the first photosensitive module 22 outputs a transmission detection signal according to the received light;
step S5: the processing module determines the blood condition in the venous pot 100 based on the transmission detection signal.
Specifically, the wavelength of the light emitted by the light emitting module of the first light emitting module 21 is 600 to 900nm, preferably 760 nm. The line between the first light-emitting module 21 and the first light-sensing module 22 intersects with and is perpendicular to the axis of the venous pot 100; the light emitted by the first light-emitting module 21 enters the venous pot 100 perpendicular to the surface of the venous pot 100, and is transmitted by the venous pot 100 and then exits perpendicular to the surface of the other side of the venous pot 100 to the first light-sensing module 22.
Further, the light detection assembly may further include a second light emitting module 31 and a second photosensitive module 32, and the operating method may further include:
when the processing module judges the blood state in the venous pot 100 according to the transmission detection signal, if the blood state is that coagulation exists, the following steps are executed:
the second light emitting module 31 emits light into the venous pot 100;
the light emitted by the second light emitting module 31 is reflected by the blood in the venous pot 100 and then received by the second light sensing module 32;
the second photosensitive module 32 outputs a reflection detection signal according to the received reflected light;
judging the state of the blood in the venous pot 100 according to the reflected detection signal;
if the blood state judged according to the reflection detection signal is that coagulation exists, a coagulation alarm is sent.
Specifically, the perpendicular line from the second light emitting module 31 to the axis of the venous pot 100 is inclined from the perpendicular line from the second light sensing module 32 to the axis of the venous pot 100. The wavelength of the light emitted from the second light emitting module 31 is 450nm to 550nm, preferably 500 nm.
While the invention has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention, taken in conjunction with the specific embodiments thereof, and that no limitation of the invention is intended thereby. Various changes in form and detail, including simple deductions or substitutions, may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (13)
1. An optical detection device for detecting the condition of blood in a venous pot, comprising:
the shell is sleeved outside the venous pot;
the light detection assembly is arranged on the shell and comprises a first light-emitting module and a first photosensitive module, when in detection, light rays emitted by the first light-emitting module penetrate through the venous pot and then are received by the first photosensitive module, and the first photosensitive module is used for outputting transmission detection signals according to the received transmission light rays;
and the processing module is electrically connected with the optical detection assembly and is used for judging the state of the blood in the venous pot according to the transmission detection signal.
2. The optical detection device according to claim 1, wherein the first light-emitting module emits light having a wavelength of 760 nm.
3. The optical inspection device of claim 1, wherein the light detection assembly further comprises a second light emitting module and a second light sensing module, the second light sensing module being coupled to the processing module; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the light emitted by the second light-emitting module is reflected by the blood in the venous pot and then received by the second photosensitive module, the second photosensitive module outputs a reflection detection signal according to the received reflected light, and the processing module is further used for receiving the reflection detection signal and judging the state of the blood in the venous pot according to the reflection detection signal.
4. The optical inspection device according to claim 3, further comprising a hollow holder connected to the housing, wherein a partition is disposed in the hollow holder, the partition divides the interior of the hollow holder into two cavities, and the second light emitting module and the second light sensing module are disposed in the two cavities, respectively.
5. The optical inspection device of claim 4,
the second light emitting module comprises a first reflective light gathering piece and a second light source;
the second photosensitive module comprises a second reflection light gathering piece and a second optical receiving unit;
the first reflective light-gathering part is used for converting light rays emitted by the second light source into parallel light and outputting the parallel light, and the second reflective light-gathering part is used for gathering received parallel light and outputting the gathered parallel light to the second optical receiving unit.
6. The optical inspection device of claim 5 wherein the second light source is a light emitting diode having a wavelength of 500 nm.
7. The optical inspection device of claim 3, further comprising: the first early warning module is arranged on the shell and connected with the processing module, and when the processing module judges that the blood state does not have blood coagulation according to the reflection detection signal, the processing module controls the first early warning module to give an alarm.
8. The optical inspection device of claim 1,
the first light-emitting module comprises a first hollow shell, a first transmission light-gathering piece and a first light source, the first hollow shell is connected with the shell, and the first transmission light-gathering piece and the first light source are arranged in the first hollow shell;
the first photosensitive module comprises a second hollow shell, a second transmission light gathering piece and a first optical receiving unit, the second hollow shell is connected with the shell, and the second transmission light gathering piece and the first optical receiving unit are arranged in the second hollow shell;
the first transmission light-gathering part is used for converting light rays emitted by the first light source into parallel light and outputting the parallel light, and the second transmission light-gathering part is used for gathering received parallel light and outputting the gathered parallel light to the first optical receiving unit.
9. The optical inspection device of claim 1, wherein the housing is configured to fit around an exterior of the intravenous drip chamber, the housing is opaque, and the housing defines a viewing window.
10. The optical inspection device of claim 1, further comprising: and the second early warning module is electrically connected with the processing module, and controls the second early warning module to give an alarm when the processing module judges that the blood state is coagulation according to the transmission detection signal.
11. An optical detection device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 wherein the shape of the housing matches the shape of a venous pot; the number of the light detection assemblies is multiple, and the light detection assemblies are arranged on the shell at intervals along the axial direction of the shell.
12. A method of operating an optical inspection device according to claim 1, comprising:
sleeving the shell on the outer side of the venous pot;
the first light-emitting module emits light into the venous kettle;
the light is transmitted by the venous pot and then received by the first photosensitive module;
the first photosensitive module outputs a transmission detection signal according to the received light;
the processing module judges the blood state in the venous pot according to the transmission detection signal.
13. The method of operation of claim 12, wherein the light detection assembly further comprises a second light emitting module and a second light sensing module; the working method further comprises the following steps:
when the processing module judges the blood state in the venous pot according to the transmission detection signal, if the blood state is that coagulation exists,
the second light-emitting module emits light into the venous pot;
the light emitted by the second light-emitting module is reflected by blood in the venous pot and then received by the second light-sensing module;
the second photosensitive module outputs a reflection detection signal according to the received reflection light;
the processing module judges the state of blood in the venous pot according to the reflection detection signal;
and if the blood state judged according to the reflection detection signal is that coagulation exists, a coagulation alarm is sent out.
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| CN112268876A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-26 | 天津优可信科技有限公司 | Water quality detection unit and water quality detector |
| CN213526740U (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-06-25 | 连云港市第四人民医院 | Venous pot convenient for observing blood coagulation and circulating pipeline thereof |
| CN216900177U (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-07-05 | 中国人民解放军海军特色医学中心 | Blood coagulation early warning device |
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