CN113982777A - Pneumatic thrust vectoring nozzle of two throats of linearization control - Google Patents

Pneumatic thrust vectoring nozzle of two throats of linearization control Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113982777A
CN113982777A CN202111324064.3A CN202111324064A CN113982777A CN 113982777 A CN113982777 A CN 113982777A CN 202111324064 A CN202111324064 A CN 202111324064A CN 113982777 A CN113982777 A CN 113982777A
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cam
opening
bypass
adjustable valve
adaptive
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CN113982777B (en
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曹明磊
徐惊雷
黄帅
潘睿丰
张玉琪
成前
张玉顶
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K1/00—Plants characterised by the form or arrangement of the jet pipe or nozzle; Jet pipes or nozzles peculiar thereto
    • F02K1/06—Varying effective area of jet pipe or nozzle
    • F02K1/15—Control or regulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanically-Actuated Valves (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-throat pneumatic vectoring nozzle capable of being controlled in a linear mode, which comprises: the spring-cam-valve mechanical device installed on the self-adaptive bypass, the valve of the self-adaptive bypass is always pulled upwards by elastic components such as a spring, and the valve of the self-adaptive bypass is always pressed downwards by a cam. When the radius of the cam changes, the valve moves upwards or downwards under the action of an elastic component such as a spring. The invention changes the actual opening degree of the self-adaptive bypass by the rotation of the cam and completes the conversion of the cam rotating at a constant speed and the vector angle changing linearly. The mechanical device has a simple structure, the whole spray pipe is changed slightly, the linear adjustment of the spray pipe vector can be completed, the adjustment of the flight attitude of the aircraft is facilitated, and the benefit is obvious.

Description

Pneumatic thrust vectoring nozzle of two throats of linearization control
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of thrust vectoring aircraft engine nozzles, and particularly relates to a double-throat pneumatic vectoring nozzle capable of being linearly controlled.
Background
With the development of scientific technology and the improvement of practical requirements, the thrust vector aircraft engine is increasingly used by aircraft in the future. The thrust vector aircraft engine realizes the core of the thrust vector function and is a thrust vector spray pipe. The traditional mechanical thrust vectoring nozzle has the defects of complex structure, poor reliability and troublesome maintenance, so that the thrust vectoring nozzle with simple structure, light weight and good maintenance performance is urgently developed.
At present, the fluid thrust vectoring nozzle gradually becomes a research focus and a research hotspot of each country by the characteristics of simple structure and light weight, and will enter engineering application in the near future. Meanwhile, how to adjust the vector nonlinear change caused by the fluid unsteady phenomenon becomes one of new field research directions of the thrust vectoring nozzle.
The throat offset pneumatic thrust vectoring nozzle is a novel fluid thrust vectoring nozzle which is emerging in recent years, and is more and more favored by the characteristics of simple structure, light weight, proper amount, good performance and the like. Wherein, the bypass type passive pneumatic vector nozzle is one of throat offset type pneumatic vector nozzles. The self-adaptive pressure-regulating bypass is designed, the flow of secondary flow is regulated according to the opening degree of the self-adaptive bypass, the disturbance degree is controlled, and then the thrust vector angle is regulated to meet the actual flight requirement.
The unsteady phenomenon and the delayed and nonlinear phenomenon of the adjusting process of the double-throat pneumatic vector nozzle are caused by the change of boundary conditions such as the opening or closing of the self-adaptive bypass valve, the instability and the breakage of a vortex in the flow, the flow phenomenon related to turbulence and the like. Therefore, the mechanical structure which has little change on the geometrical structure of the nozzle and can linearly adjust the vector generated by the double-throat pneumatic vector nozzle has strong engineering application value.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a double-throat pneumatic vectoring nozzle capable of being linearly controlled, which is a throat offset type pneumatic vectoring nozzle comprising a spring-cam-valve adjusting mechanism, the mechanical structure is simple and reliable, and the linear adjustment of the thrust vector of the nozzle can be realized only by changing the opening degree of the valve of the nozzle.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the invention relates to a double-throat pneumatic vectoring nozzle capable of being linearly controlled, which comprises an elastic component, a cam, an adjustable valve and a double-throat pneumatic vectoring nozzle body, wherein the elastic component is arranged on the upper surface of the double-throat pneumatic vectoring nozzle body;
one end of the elastic component is fixed, and the other end of the elastic component is connected with the adjustable valve and used for restoring the position of the adjustable valve; the adjustable valve is embedded into the double-throat pneumatic vectoring nozzle body, the cam is located at one end of the adjustable valve and is in contact with the adjustable valve, the position of the axis of the cam is fixed and unchanged, the position of the other end of the adjustable valve in the self-adaptive bypass is adjusted through the uniform rotation of the cam, the opening degree of the self-adaptive bypass is adjusted, and the switching between the uniform rotation cam and the linearly-changed nozzle vector angle is achieved.
When the cam rotates at a constant speed, the distance from the cam axis to the adjustable valve is increased, the adjustable valve moves to the self-adaptive bypass, the opening degree of the self-adaptive bypass is reduced due to the movement of the other end of the adjustable valve, and the elastic component extends or shortens under the driving of the adjustable valve.
Further, the adjustable valve is perpendicular to the adaptive bypass.
Further, the method for designing the cam radius comprises the following steps:
step 1, knowing that the self-adaptive bypass is at different opening degrees x in the action process of the adjustable valveiLower, corresponding vector angle δiWherein i is 1, 2, 3, … … n; opening xiRepresenting a relative opening, equal to the actual opening of the adaptive bypass channel divided by the total width of the adaptive bypass channel;
for opening xiSum vector angle deltaiFitting the data to obtain a relational expression delta (f) (x) of the opening x and the vector angle delta;
step 2, mixing | deltamaxThe | is divided into T parts and arranged into delta from small to largetWhere T is 0, 1, 2, …, T),
Figure BDA0003346298340000021
wherein delta0＝0；
Will deltatSubstituting into the relation δ ═ f (x) fitted in step 1 to obtain each δtCorresponding to xt；
Step 3, letting Ht＝xt*L；
Wherein L is the width of the adaptive bypass channel, HtOpening for actual opening of the adaptive bypass;
step 4, the radius of the cam is RtWherein t is 0, 1, 2, …, T, T +1, wherein R is0Corresponding to the radius of the cam when the bypass channel is completely closed, RT+1The cam rotates 180 degrees corresponding to the radius of the cam when the bypass channel is fully opened, the process of self-adaptive bypass from full closing to full opening is completed,
defining the height of an adjustable valve as P and the distance between a cam rotating shaft and the far side of the bypass channel as G;
then: g ═ Rt+P+Ht
Therefore, Rt＝G-P-Ht
＝G-P-xt*L
Can calculate the opening x of eachtA corresponding cam radius;
when the bypass is completely closed, RT+1R can be calculated from the formula ++ P ═ GT+1。
Further, the function f (x) satisfies the following two conditions: (1) can obtain the opening x under the corresponding vector angletA value of (d); (2) the function f (x) should be monotonically varying within a defined domain, which refers to the corresponding valve opening between a vector angle of 0 and a maximum.
Furthermore, the transition of the cams with different radiuses needs to be smooth and round, so the larger the cam rotation angle is, the better the cam rotation angle is.
Furthermore, the mechanism for controlling the stroke of the adjustable valve is not limited to a spring-cam structure, and any structure capable of adjusting the stroke of the valve according to actual requirements can be used, such as a worm gear transmission mechanism;
furthermore, the connecting end of the adjustable valve and the cam is a tip, the working principle of the adjustable valve is similar to that of a pinnacle driven lever cam, the structure is simple, and the adjustable valve can be kept in contact with any complex cam profile to realize any sportswear law of a driven part (valve).
Further, the cam rotation angle should be as small as possible. On the one hand, cam adjustment can react quickly; on the other hand, the cam is beneficial to the round transition of the cams with different radiuses.
The double-throat pneumatic vectoring nozzle capable of being linearly controlled is suitable for the following conditions:
(1) in the process that the bypass channel of the pneumatic vectoring nozzle is changed from complete closing to complete opening or from complete opening to complete closing, the vector angle of the bypass channel is monotonically increased or monotonically decreased;
(2) in the process that a bypass channel of the pneumatic vectoring nozzle is completely closed to be completely opened or is completely opened to be completely closed, the vector angle of the bypass channel is monotonically increased or monotonically decreased, after a certain extreme value is reached, the extreme value is also the maximum value or the minimum value of the vector angle in the process of changing the bypass opening degree, and then the vector angle is monotonically decreased or monotonically increased or is in oscillation change;
has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the double-throat pneumatic vectoring nozzle capable of being linearly controlled provided by the invention has the following advantages:
(1) on the premise of basically not changing the structure of the double-throat pneumatic vectoring nozzle, a mechanical structure for adjusting the opening of the valve is arranged, so that the vector angle of the nozzle is linearly changed when the valve is opened or closed, an aircraft provided with the double-throat pneumatic vectoring nozzle is convenient to adjust the flight attitude, and the maneuverability of the aircraft is improved;
(2) the linearization control method provided by the invention is not limited to a mechanism such as a spring, and can be used as long as the mechanism can change the valve opening, such as a worm gear mechanism.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the cam in the present invention.
Wherein: 1. the pneumatic thrust vectoring nozzle comprises an elastic component, 2, a cam, 3, an adjustable valve, 4 and a double-throat pneumatic thrust vectoring nozzle body.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and detailed description. It should be understood that the following detailed description is illustrative of the invention only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It should be noted that these drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, and merely illustrate the basic structure of the present invention, and therefore, only the components related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the double-throat pneumatic vectoring nozzle capable of being linearly controlled according to the present invention includes an elastic component 1, a cam 2, an adjustable valve 3, and a double-throat pneumatic vectoring nozzle body 4;
one end of the elastic component 1 is fixed, and the other end of the elastic component is connected with the adjustable valve 3 and used for restoring the position of the adjustable valve 3; the elastic component 1 comprises two springs which are arranged in parallel and comprise a first spring and a second spring, one ends of the first spring and one end of the second spring are fixed respectively, the other end of the first spring is connected with a first connecting rod, the other end of the second spring is connected with a second connecting rod, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are located on the same straight line, and the adjustable valve 3 is located between the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod and connected with the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod.
One end of the adjustable valve 3 is in contact with the cam 2, the position of the axis of the cam 2 is kept unchanged, the other end of the adjustable valve 3 is positioned in the self-adaptive bypass of the double-throat pneumatic vectoring nozzle body 4, and the adjustable valve 3 is perpendicular to the self-adaptive bypass and used for adjusting the opening degree of the self-adaptive bypass.
When the cam 2 rotates at the uniform speed, along with the distance from the axle center of the cam 2 to the adjustable valve 3, the adjustable valve 3 moves to the self-adaptive bypass, so that the opening degree of the self-adaptive bypass is reduced, switching between the cam 2 rotating at the uniform speed and a vector angle changing linearly is realized, and the elastic component 1 is extended under the driving of the adjustable valve 3.
As shown in figure 2, the cam 2 is a key part of the pneumatic thrust vectoring nozzle capable of linearly controlling the double throats, the cam 2 is in an axisymmetric structure, a rotating shaft is positioned on the symmetric axis, and the minimum distance from the rotating shaft to the edge of the cam 2 is RminThe minimum distance from the rotating shaft to the edge of the cam 2 is Rmax；
When the distance from the rotating shaft of the cam 2 to the adjustable valve 3 is equal to the radius R of the cam 2minWhen the distance from the rotating shaft of the cam 2 to the adjustable valve 3 is equal to the radius R of the cam corresponding to the situation that the self-adaptive bypass is completely openedmaxWhen the distance from the rotating shaft of the cam 2 to the adjustable valve 3 is equal to the radius R of the cam corresponding to the situation that the self-adaptive bypass channel is completely closedxThe cam radius R corresponds to a partially open condition of the adaptive bypass pathminGreater than cam radius R0And is smaller than the cam radius Rmax。
The method for designing the radius of the cam comprises the following steps:
step 1, knowing that the self-adaptive bypass is at different opening degrees x in the action process of the adjustable valve 3iLower, corresponding vector angle δiWherein i is 1, 2, 3, … … n;
opening xiRepresenting a relative opening, equal to the actual opening of the adaptive bypass channel divided by the total width of the adaptive bypass channel;
wherein x is selectedi0, 0.1, 0.2, …, 1; when x isiWhen 0, the valve is fully closed, when xiWhen the value is 1, the valve is completely opened;
for opening xiSum vector angle deltaiFitting the data to obtain a relational expression delta (f) (x) of the opening x and the vector angle delta; the relation may be a quadratic function.
Step 2, mixing | deltamaxThe | is divided into T parts and arranged into delta from small to largetWhere T is 0, 1, 2, …, T, said | δmaxI means deltaiMaximum value of (1);
Figure BDA0003346298340000051
wherein delta0＝0；
Will deltatSubstituting into the relation δ ═ f (x) fitted in step 1 to obtain each δtCorresponding to xtIf x is obtainedtA value greater than 1 is an error value; if two x are obtainedtThe values are all in the value range of 0-1, and a proper value can be selected according to the actual situation;
the function f (x) satisfies the following two conditions: (1) can obtain the opening x under the corresponding vector angletA value of (d); (2) the function f (x) should be monotonically varying within a defined domain, which refers to the corresponding valve opening between a vector angle of 0 and a maximum.
Step 3, letting Ht＝xt*L；
Wherein, L is the width of the self-adaptive bypass channel, and H is the absolute value of the actual opening degree of the self-adaptive bypass;
step 4, the radius of the cam 2 is RtWherein t ═ 0, 1, 2,. ·, T, T +1, wherein R is0Corresponding to the radius of the cam 2 when the bypass is completely closed, RT+1The cam 2 rotates 180 degrees corresponding to the radius of the cam 2 when the bypass channel is fully opened, the process of self-adaptive bypass from full closing to full opening is completed,
the height of the adjustable valve 3 is defined as P, and the distance from the rotating shaft of the cam 2 to the far side of the bypass channel is defined as G.
Then: g ═ Rt+P+Ht
Therefore, Rt＝G-P-Ht
＝G-P-xt*L
Can calculate the opening x of eachtCorresponding to the radius of the cam 2.
When the bypass is completely closed, RT+1G, R when the bypass is fully open0+ P + L ═ G, when the valve is partially open, RtWhen corresponding is self-adaptationActual opening degree H of bypasstThen R ist+P+HtG. At this time R0And RtAngle alpha oftIs xt*180°；
The normal working state of the invention is divided into two types: a vector on state and a vector off state, the operating state being switched by the direction of rotation of the cam 2. Taking vector opening as an example, when the cam 2 rotates at a constant speed anticlockwise, the radius of the cam 2 is reduced at the contact point of the valve and the cam 2, the valve moves towards the direction far away from the channel under the action of the elastic components 1 such as the spring, the self-adaptive bypass is gradually opened, the secondary flow rate is gradually increased, the injected airflow acts on the main flow by a vertical force, the main flow generates disturbance and flows along one side wall surface of the expansion and convergence section at the front part of the two throats, the airflow deflection effect is amplified and sprayed out under the action of the concave cavity, and finally head raising or head lowering moment is generated. The spray pipe has corresponding vector angles under different self-adaptive bypass opening degrees, the corresponding valve opening degree is converted into the radius of the cam 2 when the vector angle changes linearly, the valve acts according to the rule of a fitting formula under the action of uniform rotation of the cam 2, and the opening degree of the self-adaptive bypass changes, so that the linear change of the vector angle is realized.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The design is carried out on the double-throat aerodynamic vector nozzle under the pressure drop ratio NPR (ratio of pressure drop to pressure drop) of 4 designed for a typical configuration.
The expression is the change rule of the vector angle of the spray pipe along with the opening degree of the valve
Valve opening xi 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Vector angle 0 8.04 18.61 19.72 20.63 21.45 22.3 23.1 23.79 23.9 18.93
Step one, according to the data in the table one, a logarithm function is selected for fitting, and y is 7.5142ln (x) + 26.419.
Step (ii) ofTwo, will | δimax23.9 are divided into 10 parts, and the corresponding valve opening x is determinedt。
Step three, using formula Ht＝xtL, calculating the width H of the self-adaptive bypass channel of the valve under the response openingt。
Figure BDA0003346298340000061
Step four, assuming radius R of cam 2 when the bypass passage is completely closed0The angle of rotation of the cam 2 from fully closed to fully open of the valve was 180 °, and the radius and angle of rotation of the cam 2 at the corresponding opening were determined as shown in the following table.
Figure BDA0003346298340000062
And finishing the design of the cam profile according to the steps.

Claims (4)

1. A double-throat pneumatic vectoring nozzle capable of being controlled linearly is characterized by comprising an elastic component, a cam, an adjustable valve and a double-throat pneumatic vectoring nozzle body;
one end of the elastic component is fixed, and the other end of the elastic component is connected with the adjustable valve and used for restoring the position of the adjustable valve;
the adjustable valve is embedded into the double-throat pneumatic vectoring nozzle body, the cam is located at one end of the adjustable valve and is in contact with the adjustable valve, the position of the axis of the cam is fixed and unchanged, the position of the other end of the adjustable valve in the self-adaptive bypass is adjusted through the uniform rotation of the cam, the opening degree of the self-adaptive bypass is adjusted, and the switching between the uniform rotation cam and the linearly-changed nozzle vector angle is achieved.
2. The linearised dual throat aerodynamic vectoring nozzle of claim 1 wherein the adjustable valve is perpendicular to the adaptive bypass.
3. The linearizable control dual throat aerodynamic vectoring nozzle of claim 1 wherein the method of designing the cam radius comprises the steps of:
step 1, knowing that the corresponding vector angle delta of the adaptive bypass in the action process of the adjustable valve is under different opening degrees xiiWherein i is 1, 2, 3, … … n; the opening xi represents a relative opening equal to the actual opening of the adaptive bypass channel divided by the total width of the adaptive bypass channel;
for opening xiSum vector angle deltaiFitting the data to obtain a relational expression delta (f) (x) of the opening x and the vector angle delta;
step 2, mixing | deltamaxThe | is divided into T parts and arranged into delta from small to largetWhere T is 0, 1, 2, …, T),
Figure FDA0003346298330000011
wherein delta0＝0；
Will deltatSubstituting into the relation δ ═ f (x) fitted in step 1 to obtain each δtCorresponding to xt；
Step 3, letting Ht＝xt*L；
Wherein L is the width of the adaptive bypass channel, HtOpening for actual opening of the adaptive bypass;
step 4, the radius of the cam is RtWherein t is 0, 1, 2, …, T, T +1, wherein R is0Corresponding to the radius of the cam when the bypass channel is completely closed, RT+1The cam rotates 180 degrees corresponding to the radius of the cam when the bypass channel is fully opened, the process of self-adaptive bypass from full closing to full opening is completed,
defining the height of an adjustable valve as P and the distance between a cam rotating shaft and the far side of the bypass channel as G;
then: g ═ Rt+P+Ht
Therefore, Rt＝G-P-Ht
＝G-P-xt*L
Can calculate the opening x of eachtA corresponding cam radius;
when the bypass is completely closed, RT+1R can be calculated from the formula ++ P ═ GT+1。
4. The linearizable control dual throat aerodynamic vectoring nozzle of claim 3, wherein the function f (x) satisfies the following two conditions: (1) can obtain the opening x under the corresponding vector angletA value of (d); (2) the function f (x) should be monotonically varying within a defined domain, which refers to the corresponding valve opening between a vector angle of 0 and a maximum.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2136528A1 (en) * 1996-12-26 1999-11-16 Sener Ing & Sist Variable area vectorable nozzle
US6199772B1 (en) * 1999-08-25 2001-03-13 General Electric Company Linear actuation and vectoring ring support mechanism for axisymmetric vectoring nozzle
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CN103291495A (en) * 2013-05-21 2013-09-11 南京航空航天大学 Supersonic/hypersonic aerocraft engine overexpansion nozzle bypass type device
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CN105443268A (en) * 2015-11-26 2016-03-30 南京航空航天大学 Bypass type passive double-throat pneumatic vector spraying pipe with flow regulating function and control method
CN205206991U (en) * 2015-12-06 2016-05-04 兰州交通大学 Thrust vector spray tube throat area adjustment mechanism
CN107387260A (en) * 2017-06-30 2017-11-24 南京航空航天大学 The design method of the passive fluidic vectoring nozzle of bypass type and its slipping switch with slipping switch

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Title
阎勤劳 李全民: "《机械设计基础（汽车类专业适用）》", 31 January 2021, 机械工业出版社 *

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