CN110594221B - Valve core and valve sleeve matching pair and hydraulic/pneumatic force compensation method thereof - Google Patents
Valve core and valve sleeve matching pair and hydraulic/pneumatic force compensation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110594221B CN110594221B CN201910794636.0A CN201910794636A CN110594221B CN 110594221 B CN110594221 B CN 110594221B CN 201910794636 A CN201910794636 A CN 201910794636A CN 110594221 B CN110594221 B CN 110594221B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
- F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K11/00—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves
- F16K11/02—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
- F16K11/06—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements
- F16K11/065—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with linearly sliding closure members
- F16K11/07—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with linearly sliding closure members with cylindrical slides
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Abstract
The invention discloses a valve core and valve sleeve matching pair and a liquid/pneumatic force compensation method thereof, belonging to the hydraulic/pneumatic field, wherein an opening on a valve sleeve, which is matched with a valve core control edge to form a throttling function, is a square straight hole, an opening playing a through-flow function is an inclined hole, the axis of the square straight hole is intersected with the axis of the valve core to form a right angle, the axis of the inclined hole is intersected with the axis of the valve core to form an acute angle or an obtuse angle, and the inclined hole is used as an inclined flow channel between the valve sleeve and the valve core. The invention also provides a liquid/pneumatic force compensation method thereof. The structure of the invention can realize the compensation of the steady-state hydraulic/pneumatic force of the slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valve, and finally can improve the dynamic response capability and the control precision of the slide valve.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic pressure/pneumatics, and particularly relates to a valve core and valve sleeve matching pair and a hydraulic/pneumatic force compensation method thereof.
Background
The hydraulic technology has the advantages of large power-weight ratio, small volume, high frequency response, good pressure and flow controllability, capability of flexibly transmitting power, easiness in realizing linear motion and the like, and is easily combined with microelectronic and electrical technologies to form an automatic control system, so that the hydraulic technology has wide application prospects in various industrial production.
The pneumatic technology has the advantages of low cost, clean energy, no pollution, easy operation and the like because the working medium is compressed air, and is widely applied to various fields of modern industry. Compared with the low-pressure pneumatic technology, the high-pressure pneumatic technology is beneficial to miniaturization of element structures and high-speed of actuating mechanisms, and therefore, the high-pressure pneumatic technology becomes one of the research hotspots in the field of fluid transmission and control at home and abroad at present.
The slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valve is a core component of a hydraulic/pneumatic servo system, wherein the hydraulic/pneumatic force of high-pressure high-speed fluid acting on a valve core cannot be ignored, a resistance effect is formed on a driving device of the slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valve, and the slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valve becomes an important interference force influencing the dynamic response and the control precision of the slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valve. Therefore, how to effectively compensate and eliminate the hydraulic/pneumatic force of the slide valve becomes a bottleneck of research and technical development of the hydraulic/pneumatic servo system.
The method for compensating the liquid/pneumatic power mainly comprises the following steps: (1) the valve sleeve moving method transfers the force applied to the valve core to the moving valve sleeve, thereby reducing the force applied to the valve core; (2) the flow channel transformation method improves the streamline shape of the fluid flowing through the valve body and reduces the hydrodynamic force by changing the valve core structure; (3) the valve core is provided with a U-shaped groove, and the valve port has a drainage function to reduce the jet angle, thereby reducing the hydrodynamic force.
The slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valve mainly adjusts the flow and pressure through the working edge of the valve core, and the size of the fillet of the working edge of the valve core needs to be accurately controlled in the machining process, so that the method of compensating the hydraulic/pneumatic power by changing the shape of the working edge of the valve core is not suitable.
Therefore, it is required to develop a new compensation method or compensation structure for compensating the fluid/pneumatic force simply and conveniently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a matching pair of a valve core and a valve sleeve and a liquid/pneumatic force compensation method thereof, aiming at increasing axial momentum components of an inlet end or an outlet end of a valve cavity control body by designing an inclined flow channel between the valve core and the valve sleeve so that high-pressure fluid flows into or flows out of the valve cavity at a certain inclination angle and finally realizing the steady-state liquid/pneumatic force compensation of a slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valve.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a valve core and valve sleeve matching pair, wherein an opening on the valve sleeve, which is matched with a control edge of a valve core to form a throttling function, is a square straight hole, an opening for through-flow is an inclined hole, an axis of the square straight hole intersects an axis of the valve core at a right angle, an axis of the inclined hole intersects an axis of the valve core at an acute angle or an obtuse angle, and the inclined hole is used as an inclined flow channel between the valve sleeve and the valve core.
Furthermore, the valve core is a two-position two-way sliding valve matching pair, the valve core and the valve sleeve are in clearance seal, and the valve core is provided with a working edge which is close to the square straight hole of the valve sleeve; the direction of the inclined hole on the valve sleeve and the axial direction of the valve core can form an acute angle.
Furthermore, the valve core is provided with two convex shoulders which are matched with the opening of the valve sleeve, the left end face of the right convex shoulder is a working edge, an inclined hole and a square straight hole are sequentially formed from left to right along the axial direction of the valve sleeve and are respectively used as a P port and an A port of the slide valve, and the inclined holes are arranged so that the direction of fluid flowing into and out of the P port forms an acute angle with the axial angle of the valve core, so that the axial component of the momentum of the fluid flowing into and out of the P port is increased, and the effect of compensating stable liquid/pneumatic power is achieved.
Furthermore, the valve is a three-position three-way sliding valve matching pair, the valve core and the valve sleeve are in clearance seal, and the valve core is provided with two working edges.
Furthermore, the valve core is provided with three shoulders which are matched with the open hole of the valve sleeve, the left end face and the right end face of the middle shoulder are working edges, an inclined hole, a square straight hole and a further inclined hole are sequentially formed along the axial direction of the valve sleeve from left to right and are respectively used as a T port, an A port and a P port of the slide valve, the T port and the P port are symmetrical about the perpendicular bisector of the axis of the valve core, and the two inclined holes are arranged so that the angles of fluid flowing into and out of the P port and the T port are acute angles with the axis of the valve core, so that the axial components of the momentum of the fluid flowing into and out of the P port and the T port are increased, and the valve core can play a role of compensating fluid/pneumatic.
Furthermore, the valve core is a three-position five-way sliding valve matching pair, the valve core and the valve sleeve are in clearance seal, and the valve core is provided with four working edges.
Furthermore, along the axial direction of the valve sleeve, an inclined hole, a square straight hole, a double inclined hole, a square straight hole and a inclined hole are sequentially arranged from left to right, wherein the inclined hole, the square straight hole, the double inclined hole, the square straight hole and the inclined hole are respectively a T port, an A port, a P port, a B port and a T port which are used as slide valves, the double inclined hole is an opening formed by sharing one opening by two inclined holes, the two inclined holes are symmetrical about a perpendicular bisector of the axis of the valve core, the valve core is provided with four shoulders and matched with the opening of the valve sleeve, the left end surface and the right end surface of the shoulders at the A port and the B port are working edges, the four working edges are counted, the middle part of the valve core is in a spindle shape, the outer circular surface of the middle part of the valve core is also in clearance fit with the inner hole of the valve sleeve, so as to divide the valve cavity at the P port into two independent chambers, the A, make the fluid that flows in and flow out P mouth and two T mouths and case axis be the acute angle to increased the axial component of the fluid momentum that flows in and flow out P mouth and two T mouths, all can play the effect of compensation liquid/pneumatics when the case is in left position and right position.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for compensating for hydraulic/pneumatic force of a slide valve is provided, wherein a flow channel between a valve sleeve and a valve core is inclined rather than vertical to an axis of the valve core to form an X-flow channel, so that a high-pressure fluid flows into or out of the valve cavity at a certain inclination angle by designing the X-flow channel without changing a working edge structure of the slide valve, in this way, an axial momentum component of an inlet end or an outlet end of a control body of the valve cavity is increased, thereby reducing a momentum difference between the outflow and inflow of the valve cavity, and realizing steady-state hydraulic/pneumatic force compensation of the slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valve.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
in the valve core and valve sleeve matching pair, the flow channels of the valve sleeve and the valve core are designed in an inclined mode to form an X flow channel, on the basis that the working edge structure of the slide valve is not changed, high-pressure fluid flows into or out of the valve cavity at a certain inclination angle through the design of the X flow channel, axial momentum components of the inlet end or the outlet end of a valve cavity control body are increased, accordingly, the momentum difference value between the outflow end and the inflow end of the valve cavity is reduced, the compensation of steady-state liquid/pneumatic force of a slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valve is achieved, and finally the dynamic response capability and the control precision of the.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a hydraulic/pneumatic valve of a two-position two-way slide valve type before optimization;
FIG. 2a is a schematic cross-sectional view of a normally closed configuration of a two-position two-way fluid/pneumatic force compensating spool valve in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is an external view, not a cross-sectional view, of FIG. 2a, showing the straight and angled holes more clearly;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the open configuration of a two-position two-way fluid/pneumatic compensated slide valve in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-position three-way slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valve structure before optimization according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic of a neutral configuration of a three-position three-way hydraulic/pneumatic compensator spool valve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic left-hand configuration of a three-position three-way hydraulic/pneumatic compensator spool according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the right configuration of a three-position three-way hydraulic/pneumatic compensator spool valve in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a three-position five-way slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valve structure before optimization;
FIG. 9 is a schematic of a neutral configuration of a three-position, five-way hydraulic/pneumatic compensator spool valve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic left-hand configuration of a three-position, five-way hydraulic/pneumatic compensator spool valve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the right configuration of a three-position, five-way hydraulic/pneumatic compensator spool valve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the mechanism of generation and influencing factors of the hydraulic/pneumatic force in the embodiment of the present invention.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein:
1. valve core 2, valve sleeve 3 and sealing ring
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The invention discloses a slide valve hydraulic/pneumatic force compensation structure and a slide valve hydraulic/pneumatic force compensation method based on an X flow channel.
Based on the influence of larger steady-state liquid/pneumatic force on the slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valve, the invention provides a way of obliquely reforming a flow channel between a valve sleeve and a valve core, and constructs a single X flow channel, a double X flow channel and a four X flow channel structure respectively aiming at the two-position two-way slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valve, the three-position three-way slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valve and the three-position five-way slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valve. On the basis of not changing the working edge structure of the slide valve, the X flow channel is designed to enable high-pressure fluid to flow into or out of the valve cavity at a certain inclination angle, so that the axial momentum component of the inlet end or the outlet end of the control body of the valve cavity is increased, the momentum difference value between the outflow end and the inflow end of the control body of the valve cavity is reduced, and the compensation of the steady-state liquid/pneumatic force of the slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valve is realized. The structure effectively reduces the steady-state liquid/pneumatic force of the slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valve, reduces the influence of the liquid/pneumatic force on the slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valve driving device, and has the characteristics of simple principle, small structure, convenience in processing, wide application range and the like.
The improvement of the slide valve hydraulic/pneumatic force compensation structure based on the X runner is mainly embodied on a valve core and valve sleeve matching pair, and the valve core and valve sleeve matching pair subject structure comprises a valve core, a valve sleeve and a sealing ring. The design of the valve sleeve not only ensures the feasibility of the processing technology, but also ensures the convenience of maintenance and replacement when the sealing surface is worn. In order to make the valve core approach to the ideal slide valve with right-angled sharp edge as much as possible, the size of the working edge fillet of the valve core needs to be accurately controlled in the machining process. Meanwhile, a valve sleeve window which is matched with the control edge of the valve core to form a throttling effect is a rectangular square hole, the opening degree of a valve port is small when the sliding valve works, and the valve core and the valve sleeve are matched to form a square section nozzle. The outer circle surface of the valve core shoulder and the inner surface of the valve sleeve are in precise clearance fit, interchangeability is avoided, and complete machining, use and replacement need to be paid attention to in actual engineering. The sealing ring is used for sealing between the valve sleeve and the valve body, so that a plurality of working ports of the slide valve cannot be mutually leaked.
To describe the spool and sleeve mating pairs of the spool valve of the present invention in more detail, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optimized front two-position two-way slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valve, and as can be seen from the diagram, straight holes and square straight holes are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of a valve sleeve from left to right in sequence, which is a design mode of a traditional slide valve opening. The design mode greatly disturbs the dynamic response and control precision of the slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valve.
Fig. 2a is a structural diagram illustrating a normally closed state of a two-position two-way hydraulic/pneumatic compensation sliding valve according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 2b is an external view, not a sectional view, of fig. 2a, in which a straight hole and an inclined hole can be more clearly seen, and fig. 3 is a structural diagram illustrating an open state of the two-position two-way hydraulic/pneumatic compensation sliding valve according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which 1 is a valve core, 2 is a valve sleeve, and 3 is a sealing ring. As can be seen from the two figures, the valve core shown in fig. 2 and 3 has 2 shoulders which are matched with the opening of the valve sleeve, and the left end surface of the right shoulder is a working edge. In fig. 2, an inclined hole and a square straight hole are formed in the axial direction of the valve sleeve from left to right in this order as the P port and the a port of the spool valve, respectively. The inclined hole is designed to ensure that the direction angle of the fluid flowing into and out of the port P is acute, so that the axial component of the momentum of the fluid flowing into and out of the port P is increased, and the effect of compensating steady-state liquid/pneumatic power is achieved.
More specifically, the spool valve hydraulic/pneumatic valve port on which the working side is located may be equivalent to a variable orifice for regulating flow and pressure. For a two-position two-way slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valve, the normal state is shown in figure 2, a valve core 1 is provided with a working edge, and a valve sleeve 2 adopts a flow channel inclination transformation method, namely, the direction of an inclined hole on the valve sleeve and the axial direction of the valve core can form an acute angle. As shown in fig. 3, when the valve core moves to the right, the streamline shapes of the fluid at the port P and the port a are similar to the shape of the port X, and are hereinafter referred to as the "X flow channel".
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-position three-way slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valve optimized in the embodiment of the invention, and as can be seen from the diagram, a plurality of uniformly distributed straight holes, a square straight hole and another straight hole are also formed in sequence from left to right along the axial direction of a valve sleeve, which is a design mode of a traditional slide valve opening. The design mode greatly disturbs the dynamic response and control precision of the slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valve.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a neutral structure of a three-position three-way hydraulic/pneumatic force compensation slide valve according to an embodiment of the present invention, and it can be seen that the valve core 1 has two working edges, and the valve sleeve 2 is also modified by a flow channel inclination. In fig. 5, the valve core has three shoulders matching with the opening hole in the center of the valve sleeve, the left and right end faces of the middle shoulder are working edges, an inclined hole, a square straight hole and another inclined hole are sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the valve sleeve from left to right and are respectively used as a T port, an A port and a P port of the slide valve, wherein the axial directions of the T port and the P port are symmetrical about the perpendicular bisector of the axis of the valve core, the arrangement of the two symmetrical inclined holes enables the angle of the fluid flowing into and out of the P port and the T port to form an acute angle, so that the axial components of the momentum of the fluid flowing into and out of the P port and the T port are increased, and the valve core can play a role of compensating fluid/pneumatic power when being in the left.
Fig. 6 is a schematic left-position structure diagram of a three-position three-way hydraulic/pneumatic compensation slide valve in an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 7 is a schematic right-position structure diagram of the three-position three-way hydraulic/pneumatic compensation slide valve in the embodiment of the present invention, and in combination with the two diagrams, as shown in fig. 6, when a spool moves to the left, an X flow channel is formed at a port a and a port P. When the valve core moves to the right, another X flow channel is formed at the port A and the port T, and two X flow channels are formed in total, as shown in figure 7.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydraulic/pneumatic valve of a three-position five-way slide valve type before optimization, and as can be seen from the figure, a straight hole, a square straight hole, another square straight hole and another straight hole are sequentially formed from left to right along the axial direction of a valve sleeve, and the design mode of the traditional slide valve opening is adopted. The design mode greatly disturbs the dynamic response and control precision of the slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valve.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a neutral position structure of a three-position five-way hydraulic/pneumatic force compensation slide valve according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the valve sleeve is also modified by a flow channel inclination, and along an axial direction of the valve sleeve, sequentially from left to right, an inclined hole, a square straight hole, a double inclined hole, a further square straight hole, and a further inclined hole are respectively a T-port, an a-port, a P-port, a B-port, and a further T-port serving as slide valves, and the double inclined hole is an opening formed by two inclined holes sharing one opening, and the two inclined holes are symmetrical with respect to a central vertical line of a spool axis. The valve core has four shoulders which cooperate with an opening in the center of the valve sleeve. The left end face and the right end face of the shoulder at the opening A and the opening B are working edges, and the total number of the working edges is four. The middle part of the valve core is designed into a spindle shape, and the valve cavity at the P port is divided into two independent chambers.
Fig. 10 is a schematic left-position structure diagram of a three-position five-way hydraulic/pneumatic compensation slide valve in an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 11 is a schematic right-position structure diagram of the three-position five-way hydraulic/pneumatic compensation slide valve in the embodiment of the present invention. When the valve core moves rightwards, two other X flow passages are formed at the port P and the port B, and the port A and the port T, and four X flow passages are formed in total. As shown in fig. 10, the port P and the port T of the three-position five-way valve are close to the non-working edge of the valve core 1, and because the port P is communicated with the port a and the port B when the valve core moves leftwards and rightwards, two flow channels with symmetrical inclined directions are designed at the port P of the valve sleeve, so that the angle of the fluid flowing into and out of the port P and the port T is acute, and the axial component of the momentum of the fluid flowing into and out of the port P and the port T is increased.
The invention provides a flow channel inclination transformation method of a valve pocket and a valve core, which is characterized in that on the basis of not changing the working edge structure of a slide valve, a high-pressure fluid flows into or out of the valve pocket at a certain inclination angle by designing an X flow channel, and the axial momentum component of the inlet end or the outlet end of a valve pocket control body is increased, so that the momentum difference value between the outflow end and the inflow end of the valve pocket control body is reduced, and the steady-state liquid/pneumatic power compensation of a slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valve is realized.
The angle of inclination of the flow channel of the valve sleeve and the valve core can influence the effect of steady-state liquid/pneumatic force compensation, when the angle is 90 degrees, the axial component of the velocity of the high-pressure fluid is 0, and at the moment, no compensation effect exists; as the angle decreases from 90 deg., the axial component of the high pressure fluid velocity increases and the compensation action increases.
In practical engineering practice, along with the difference of the inclination angle of the flow channel, the compensation effect of the liquid/pneumatic force is different, and phenomena such as under-compensation and over-compensation can occur, so that the compensation effect is not obvious or the steady-state liquid/pneumatic force direction is changed from the direction that the valve core tends to close to the direction that the valve core tends to open. Aiming at different slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valves, in order to obtain the optimal flow channel inclination angle under the current structure, specific structure specific analysis is needed, and an optimal solution of the flow channel inclination angle is obtained by adopting a proper optimization algorithm.
The structure of the invention can effectively reduce the magnitude of the hydraulic/pneumatic force at the valve port of the slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valve, and reduce the influence of the hydraulic/pneumatic force on the displacement control of the valve core, and the compensation method and the compensation structure have the characteristics of simple principle, small structure, convenient processing, wide application range and the like.
The invention also provides a liquid/pneumatic force compensation method of the slide valve, wherein a flow channel between a valve sleeve and a valve core is inclined rather than vertical relative to the axis of the valve core to form an X flow channel, so that high-pressure fluid flows into or flows out of the valve cavity at a certain inclination angle by designing the X flow channel on the basis of not changing the working edge structure of the slide valve, and in this way, the axial momentum component of the inlet end or the outlet end of a control body of the valve cavity is increased, thereby reducing the momentum difference value between the outflow and inflow of the valve cavity, and realizing the steady-state liquid/pneumatic force compensation of the slide valve type hydraulic/pneumatic valve.
Additionally, the following detailed analysis is made for deeper-level principles:
in order to obtain the generation mechanism and the influence factors of liquid/pneumatic force from the perspective of theoretical analysis, the invention takes the gas in the valve cavity as a control body (dotted line) as a research object, as shown in fig. 12. Wherein dS is a control infinitesimal, the valve core is subjected to an acting force FspoolComprises the following steps:
in the formula, FpIs static pressure acting on the spool, FτThe viscous force to which the valve stem is subjected, S is the control body area, pxFor controlling the component of the positive pressure to which the element is subjected in the x-direction, τxTo control the component of the shear force to which the element is subjected in the x-direction, pr、plPositive pressure, tau, on the right and left end faces of the valve corerodShear force of fluid on valve stem, SlandIs the annular area of the valve cavity, SrodIs the valve stem circumferential surface area.
However, because the fluid moves complicatedly when flowing through the valve port, an accurate mathematical expression of the actual distribution state of the speed and the pressure cannot be obtained in engineering application, and the steady-state liquid/aerodynamic force is difficult to be solved through integration by a theoretical analysis method. According to the relation between the acting force and the reacting force of Newton's third law, the difficulty of searching the mathematical expression of the wall pressure distribution can be avoided by applying the momentum conservation principle, and the acting force F borne by the valve corespoolCan be expressed as:
where ρ is the high pressure fluid density, uxIs the axial component of the fluid velocity, unIs the normal velocity component of fluid infinitesimal, x is the abscissa corresponding to the control infinitesimal, t is time, unU is a fluid velocity vector, n is a fluid infinitesimal unit normal vector, and FeffluxThe force F can be seen from formula (2) for the force applied to the end face of the valve corespoolThe two parts of steady state liquid/pneumatic force and transient state liquid/pneumatic forceComposition, viscous shear force F acting on the spool due to the viscosity of the gasrod+sleeveComprises the following steps:
in the formula, the dynamic viscosity of the mu gas, y is the ordinate corresponding to the control infinitesimal, but the contact area of the valve core and the valve sleeve is small, the viscous force is small, and the viscous shearing force F can be formedrod+sleeveNeglecting, therefore, the magnitude of the steady-state fluid/pneumatic force obtained according to the momentum theorem is the difference between the axial components of the valve core of the momentum when the high-pressure fluid flows out of the control body and the momentum when the high-pressure fluid flows into the control body, and the expression can be written as:
in the formula, Fs-steady state fluid/pneumatic forces;
uin-inflow control body fluid velocity;
uout-the outflow of control body fluid velocity;
Qm-a fluid mass flow rate;
θin-inflow control body jet angle;
θoutand the angle of the fluid jet is controlled by the outflow, and the included angle between the direction of the fluid and the axis of the valve core is formed.
In summary, equations (2) and (4) provide two different methods for solving the steady state hydraulic/pneumatic force of the spool valve hydraulic/pneumatic valve.
From the formula (4), the steady-state fluid/aerodynamic force is related to the mass flow of the gas, the jet flow angle and the velocity of the inflow and outflow, so that the difference between the axial velocity components of the gas flowing out of the valve cavity and the gas flowing into the valve cavity is reduced by compensating the steady-state fluid/aerodynamic force on the premise of ensuring that the mass flow of the gas is not changed.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A valve core and valve sleeve matching pair is characterized in that an opening which is matched with a valve core control edge to form a throttling effect on a valve sleeve is a square straight hole, an opening which plays a through-flow effect is an inclined hole, the axis of the square straight hole is intersected with the axis of the valve core to form a right angle, the axis of the inclined hole is intersected with the axis of the valve core to form an acute angle or an obtuse angle, and the inclined hole is used as an inclined flow channel between the valve sleeve and the valve core;
the matching pair is a three-position five-way sliding valve matching pair, the valve core and the valve sleeve are in clearance seal, and the valve core is provided with four working edges;
along the axial direction of the valve sleeve, an inclined hole, a square straight hole, a double inclined hole, a square straight hole and a inclined hole are arranged from left to right, and are respectively a T port, an A port, a P port, a B port and a T port which are used as sliding valves,
the double inclined hole is an opening formed by sharing one opening with two inclined holes, the two inclined holes are symmetrical about a perpendicular bisector of the axis of the valve core,
the valve core is provided with four convex shoulders which are matched with the opening hole of the valve sleeve,
the valve core is provided with a port A and a port B, the port A and the port B are square straight holes, the axes of the port A and the port B are symmetrical about the perpendicular bisector of the axis of the valve core, and the inclined holes in the valve sleeve and the spindle in the middle of the valve core are arranged to enable fluid flowing into and out of the port P and the two ports T to form acute angles with the axis of the valve core, so that the axial components of the momentum of the fluid flowing into and out of the port P and the two ports T are increased, and the function of compensating fluid/pneumatic power can be achieved when the valve core is in the left position and the right position.
2. The method for compensating the liquid/pneumatic force of the valve core and valve sleeve matching pair based on claim 1 is characterized in that a flow channel between the valve sleeve and the valve core is inclined rather than vertical relative to the axis of the valve core, when the valve core moves leftwards, two X flow channels are formed at a P port, an A port, a B port and a T port, when the valve core moves rightwards, two other X flow channels are formed at the P port, the B port, the A port and the T port, and four X flow channels are formed in total, so that on the basis of not changing the working edge structure of the slide valve, high-pressure fluid flows into or out of the valve cavity at a set inclined angle by designing the X flow channels, in this way, the axial momentum component at the inlet end or the outlet end of the valve cavity control body is increased, the momentum difference between the flowing-out and flowing-in valve cavity is reduced, and the steady-.
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| CN112065793B (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2022-06-03 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Multi-position five-way reversing valve with annular-groove-free logic bidirectional throttling third working oil port |
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