CN113982590A - Buoyancy self-elevating type multi-metal nodule transmission system and method - Google Patents
Buoyancy self-elevating type multi-metal nodule transmission system and method Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C50/00—Obtaining minerals from underwater, not otherwise provided for
- E21C50/02—Obtaining minerals from underwater, not otherwise provided for dependent on the ship movements
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Geology (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of deep sea mineral resource exploitation, and particularly discloses a buoyancy self-elevating type multi-metal nodule transmission system and method. The transmission system includes: mining vehicles, buoyancy jack-up transfer systems, mining ship systems; the mining vehicle is used for collecting the multi-metal nodules and transmitting the multi-metal nodules to the buoyancy self-elevating type transmission system, and the buoyancy self-elevating type transmission system further processes the multi-metal nodules and transmits the multi-metal nodules to the mining ship system through buoyancy. The method mainly comprises the following steps: (1) laying a pipeline, (2) collecting polymetallic nodules by a mining vehicle, (3) coating the polymetallic nodules by paraffin, (4) transporting a paraffin-polymetallic nodule mixture, and (5) separating the polymetallic nodules and recovering the paraffin. The lifting system of the invention does not need power, and after quantitative liquid paraffin and the multi-metal nodule are fully mixed, the condition that the buoyancy of the lifting system is larger than the gravity can be achieved, and the energy consumption is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of deep sea mineral resource exploitation. In particular to a buoyancy self-elevating type multi-metal nodule conveying system and a method.
Background
The deep seafloor is the largest mineral resource site on earth that has not yet been exploited. To date, it has been found that the major economically valuable deep-sea mineral resources are: polymetallic nodules containing nickel, copper, cobalt and manganese, crusts rich in cobalt, nickel, copper, manganese and seabed polymetallic sulfide deposits rich in copper, lead, zinc, gold and silver. Although mineral resources are so abundant, the mining and transportation of mineral products face huge challenges due to the deep sea environment and the consideration of factors such as high pressure in the deep sea and thin and soft bottom materials on the basis of the existing land mining technology. In deep sea mineral resources, polymetallic nodules are distributed on the surface layer of deep sea bottom sediments in a single layer in a bulk material mode, are mostly spherical, and are generally 0.5-10 cm in diameter. Compared with crusts and sulfides, the nodules are easy to mine and are the main mining object in the world today.
For multi-metal nodule resources, the following mining promotion methods are mainly available at present: the trailer mining system is characterized in that a mining ship drives a trailer through a towing cable to shovel ores into a bucket and then lift the bucket to the sea surface, but the trailer cannot be controlled at the sea bottom, and resources are easily lost in a large quantity. The continuous rope bucket mining system is that a bucket is fixed on an endless rope loop with the length of about 20km at a certain distance, passes through pulleys on one or two sea surface ships, circularly moves by friction transmission, and drags ores collected on the seabed to be carried to the ships. Although the system is simple in structure and low in operation cost, the bucket and the rope are easy to intertwine, the acquisition rate is low, the influence on the marine environment is great, and the ocean mining requirements cannot be met. The reciprocating submerged mining and transporting vehicle system is a mining and transporting vehicle which uses buoyancy material to make dead weight in water zero, and uses a screw propeller to reciprocate submerged mining and transporting ore, and is characterized by that it is flexible, and has good adaptability to seabed terrain, but its technical difficulty is very high and its manufacturing and operating cost is too high. The mining machine-fluid lifting mining system mainly comprises three parts: an ore collection machine, a mining vessel and a transmission device. The ore collector is used for mining, crushing and collecting the submarine mineral products; the mining ship is responsible for managing and controlling the whole mining system and further transferring the collected mineral aggregate; the transmission device is used for transporting the mineral aggregate collected by the mining machine to a mining ship on the sea surface.
Lifting systems currently in primary use mainly employ hydraulic and pneumatic pipelines. The hydraulic pipeline type lifting system is characterized in that ore pulp pumps are sequentially connected in series in lifting pipelines at different depths, and the ore materials are lifted by a pressure head provided by the pumps, so that the efficiency is quite high, and pipelines with small diameters can be adopted. The pneumatic pipeline type lifting system is characterized in that compressed air is injected into a lifting pipeline at a certain depth, so that negative pressure is generated in the pipeline to drive bottom mineral aggregate to move upwards, no moving part exists underwater, technical requirements on the system do not exist, the equipment efficiency is low, the pipe diameter is large, and the lifting and carrying are difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The problems of large power consumption, unstable transmission effect, difficult lifting and carrying and the like of the transmission device are solved. The invention provides a buoyancy self-elevating type multi-metal nodule conveying system and a method.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a buoyant jack-up multi-metallic nodule transport system, the transport system comprising: mining vehicles, buoyancy jack-up transfer systems, mining ship systems; the mining vehicle is used for collecting the multi-metal nodules and transmitting the multi-metal nodules to the buoyancy self-elevating type transmission system, and the buoyancy self-elevating type transmission system further processes the multi-metal nodules and transmits the multi-metal nodules to the mining ship system through buoyancy.
Further, the buoyant jack-up transfer system comprises: the device comprises a water control cabin door, a valve with a nodule quality sensor, a valve with a paraffin quality sensor, a wave wheel stirring device, a hydraulic rod and an auxiliary stirring device; the mining ship system comprises a mining ship, a transmission pipeline recovery device, a transmission pipeline, a constant-temperature transmission pipeline and a nodule paraffin separation device, wherein the upper part of the buoyancy self-elevating transmission system is connected with the transmission pipeline through a water control cabin door, the right side of the buoyancy self-elevating transmission system is connected with the constant-temperature transmission pipeline through a valve with a paraffin quality sensor, and the left side of the buoyancy self-elevating transmission system is connected with the mining vehicle through a valve with a nodule quality sensor.
Furthermore, the impeller stirring device contains 4 impeller blades, the auxiliary stirring device is 6 small impeller blades positioned on the outer side, and the hydraulic rod device is provided with 4 hydraulic rods positioned at four corners of the bottom.
Furthermore, the outside of the transmission pipeline is a stainless steel pipe, and the inside of the transmission pipeline is made of an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene material pipe.
Furthermore, the outside of the constant-temperature paraffin transmission pipeline is a stainless steel pipe, and the inside of the constant-temperature paraffin transmission pipeline is made of aerogel materials.
Furthermore, the tuberculosis paraffin separation device is internally provided with a high-temperature heating device, and the outside of the tuberculosis paraffin separation device is connected with a paraffin conveying pipeline.
Further, the mining vehicle comprises a collecting head, a crusher and a traveling device, wherein the collecting head is used for collecting nodules and then is crushed by the crusher and then is transmitted to the buoyancy self-elevating type transmission system through the traveling device.
Furthermore, the collecting head adopts a jet device to collect the tuberculosis; the model of the crusher is PEW400 multiplied by 600, the maximum feeding granularity of the crusher is 350mm, the range of a discharge hole is 35mm-85mm, and the tuberculosis is transported by a conveyor belt in the collecting and crushing process; the running gear adopts a track form.
The invention also provides a buoyancy self-elevating type multi-metal nodule transmission method, which utilizes the multi-metal nodule transmission system to carry out transmission and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) laying a pipeline: laying a transmission pipeline and a constant-temperature transmission pipeline from a mining ship to the seabed respectively, wherein the inlet of the transmission pipeline is slightly lower than the sea level, so that seawater slowly enters the transmission pipeline to reach a water control cabin door; adding liquid paraffin to a constant-temperature transmission pipeline from a mining ship until a valve with a paraffin quality sensor;
(2) collecting multi-metal concretions by the mining vehicle: collecting the multi-metal nodules on the seabed by a mining vehicle through a jet device in a collecting head, and conveying the multi-metal nodules to a crusher with the PEW400 multiplied by 600 model through a conveying belt; after being crushed by a crusher, the multi-metal nodules are transmitted to the bottom of the buoyancy self-elevating transmission system;
(3) paraffin wax wraps the polymetallic nodule: the liquid paraffin and the multi-metal nodules enter the bottom of the buoyancy self-elevating transmission system through respective transmission paths respectively, after the liquid paraffin and the multi-metal nodules reach set quality, sensors of the liquid paraffin and the multi-metal nodules send signals, respective cabin doors are closed, at the moment, the impeller stirring device and the auxiliary stirring device are opened, the impeller stirring device enables the liquid paraffin to fully wrap and mix the multi-metal nodules through 4 impeller blades at the bottom of the impeller stirring device, and the liquid paraffin is cooled to be below a melting point and is solidified;
(4) transportation of paraffin-polymetallic nodule mixture: after the seawater is completely mixed and solidified, opening a water control cabin door, knocking the mixture above through hydraulic rods at four corners of the bottom to separate the paraffin adhered to the lower end, enabling the paraffin-polymetallic nodule mixture to move upwards under the action of buoyancy after the seawater enters a buoyancy self-elevating transmission system until the paraffin-polymetallic nodule mixture reaches the top of a transmission pipeline for manual collection, and closing the water control cabin door after all nodules pass through the water control cabin door; discharging the residual seawater layer by layer through a water outlet;
(5) separation of polymetallic nodules and recovery of paraffin: the paraffin-polymetallic nodule mixture transmitted to the mining ship system is manually collected and then is operated to the nodule paraffin separation device, paraffin in the mixture is sublimated into paraffin gas through high temperature and then is transmitted to a constant-temperature transmission pipeline, and the paraffin gas can be liquefied into paraffin liquid due to the reduction of temperature, so that the paraffin and the polymetallic nodule can be reused, and the separation is also completed.
Further, the temperature inside the constant-temperature transmission pipeline in the step (1) is constant at 37 ℃; the multi-metal nodules in the step (2) are crushed by a crusher and have the grain size below 40 mm; the ratio of the polymetallic nodule to the paraffin in the step (3) is as follows: 100: 150-100: 300, wherein the paraffin is selected from 20 carbon atoms liquid paraffin, the melting point is 36.7 ℃, and the density is 0.8g/cm3The paraffin was stored in a thermostatic tube at 37 ℃.
Advantageous effects
1. The lifting system does not need power, and after quantitative liquid paraffin and the multi-metal nodule are fully mixed, the condition that the buoyancy of the liquid paraffin is larger than the gravity of the liquid paraffin can be achieved, so that the energy consumption is greatly reduced.
2. The liquid paraffin selected has the advantages of low density, low melting point and low boiling point, because the seabed temperature is 1-5 ℃ for a long time. Therefore, the liquid paraffin can effectively change the state of the matter, is beneficial to recovery, and effectively reduces the density of the mixture of the liquid paraffin and the polymetallic nodule.
3. The transmission pipeline is isolated from the seawater, so that the influence of the ocean current is avoided, and the stability is greatly improved.
4. And special materials are used in the two conveying pipelines, so that the respective conveying efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the buoyant jack-up transfer system of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the bottom structure of FIG. 3;
list of reference numerals: 1. a mining vessel; 2. a transmission pipeline recovery device; 3. a tuberculosis paraffin separation device; 4. a transport pipeline; 5. a constant temperature transmission pipeline; 6. a buoyant jack-up transport system; 601. a water control cabin door; 602. a valve with a nodule mass sensor; 603. a valve with a paraffin quality sensor; 604. a pulsator stirring device; 605. a hydraulic lever; 606. a water outlet; 607. an auxiliary stirring device; 7. a pick head; 8. a traveling device; 9. a crusher.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2-4, a buoyancy self-elevating type multi-metal nodule transmission system comprises: mining vehicles, buoyancy jack-up transfer systems, mining ship systems; the mining vehicle is used for collecting the multi-metal nodules and transmitting the multi-metal nodules to the buoyancy self-elevating type transmission system, and the buoyancy self-elevating type transmission system further processes the multi-metal nodules and transmits the multi-metal nodules to the mining ship system through buoyancy.
Preferably, the buoyancy jack-up transfer system of the present embodiment includes: the system comprises a water control cabin door, a nodule quality sensor, a paraffin quality sensor, a wave wheel stirring device, a hydraulic rod and an auxiliary stirring device, wherein the mining ship system comprises a mining ship, a transmission pipeline recovery device, a transmission pipeline, a constant-temperature transmission pipeline and a nodule paraffin separation device; the upper part of the buoyancy self-elevating transmission system is connected with a transmission pipeline through a water control cabin door, the right side of the buoyancy self-elevating transmission system is connected with a constant-temperature transmission pipeline through a valve with a paraffin quality sensor, and the left side of the buoyancy self-elevating transmission system is connected with a mining vehicle through a valve with a nodule quality sensor.
Preferably, the impeller stirring device of the embodiment comprises 4 blades and is used for fully mixing the polymetallic nodule with the liquid paraffin. The auxiliary stirring device is 6 small impellers positioned on the outer side and is used for assisting the mixing of the multi-metal nodules and the liquid paraffin and enabling the paraffin to be mixed with the multi-metal nodules inside as much as possible. The hydraulic rod device has 4, is located the bottom four corners, and the effect is the mixture of supplementary polymetallic nodule and liquid paraffin to make paraffin mix with polymetallic nodule in as far as possible.
Preferably, the exterior of the transmission pipeline in this embodiment is a stainless steel pipe, and the interior is a pipe made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene material. The friction coefficient of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is minimum, and the ultra-high molecular chain is particularly long, so that the wear resistance of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene pipe is 4-7 times higher than that of a steel pipe and a stainless steel pipe and about 10 times higher than that of a polyvinyl chloride pipe and a polyethylene pipe when various slurries are conveyed, and the service life of the pipeline is greatly prolonged.
Preferably, this embodiment the outside of constant temperature transmission paraffin pipeline is stainless steel pipe, and inside is for adopting aerogel material, and its advantage lies in that heat-proof quality is superior, thermal insulation performance is outstanding, and its inside temperature need be invariable at 37 ℃.
Preferably, the separation device for the tuberculosis paraffin in the embodiment contains a high-temperature heating device inside, and the outside is connected with a paraffin conveying pipeline. The method aims to sublimate and separate paraffin wrapped outside the polymetallic nodule at high temperature (the number of carbon atoms of the selected paraffin is 20, the melting point of the selected paraffin is 36.7 ℃, and the boiling point of the selected paraffin is 300-550 ℃). The polymetallic nodules are taken out, the sublimated gas paraffin is led into a constant temperature pipeline at 37 ℃, and the gas paraffin is liquefied and can be recycled.
Preferably, the mining vehicle of the embodiment comprises a collecting head, a crusher and a traveling device, wherein the collecting head is used for collecting nodules, then the nodules are crushed by the crusher and then are transmitted to the buoyancy self-elevating type transmission system through the traveling device;
preferably, the collecting head of the embodiment adopts a jet device to collect the tuberculosis; the model of the crusher is PEW400 multiplied by 600, the maximum feeding granularity of the crusher is 350mm, the range of a discharge hole is 35mm-85mm, and the tuberculosis is transported by a conveyor belt in the collecting and crushing process; the running gear adopts a track form.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, a buoyancy self-elevating type multi-metallic nodule transmission method, which uses the multi-metallic nodule transmission system described in embodiment 1 for transmission, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) laying a pipeline: a transmission pipeline 4 and a constant-temperature transmission pipeline 5 are respectively paved from the mining ship 1 to the seabed, the internal temperature of the constant-temperature transmission pipeline is 37 ℃, and the inlet of the transmission pipeline is slightly lower than the sea level, so that seawater slowly enters the interior of the transmission pipeline until reaching a water control cabin door 601; liquid paraffin is added from the mining vessel to the constant temperature transport pipeline until a valve 603 with a paraffin mass sensor.
(2) Collecting multi-metal concretions by the mining vehicle: the mining vehicle collects the polymetallic nodules on the sea bottom through a jet device in a collecting head 7 and transports the polymetallic nodules to a crusher with the PEW400 multiplied by 600 model through a conveyor belt; after the multi-metal nodules are crushed by a crusher, the grain size is below 40 mm; is favorable for fully wrapping the paraffin. The multi-metal nodule enters the bottom of the stirring device through the left feed inlet by a transmission belt. In addition, the density of the polymetallic nodules was 1.8g/cm3。
(3) Paraffin wax wraps the polymetallic nodule: the liquid paraffin and the multi-metal nodules enter the bottom of the buoyancy self-elevating type transmission system 6 through respective transmission paths respectively, after the liquid paraffin and the multi-metal nodules reach set quality, sensors of the liquid paraffin and the multi-metal nodules send signals, respective cabin doors are closed, at the moment, the impeller stirring device 604 and the auxiliary stirring device 607 are opened, the impeller stirring device 604 enables the liquid paraffin to fully wrap and mix the multi-metal nodules through 4 impeller blades at the bottom of the impeller stirring device, and the liquid paraffin is cooled to be below a melting point and solidified; the outer 6 auxiliary stirring devices 607 ensure that the liquid paraffin is adhered to the shell on both sides as little as possible during the stirring process. The liquid paraffin enters the bottom of the stirring device through the opening and closing of the right long-diameter nozzle; the paraffin is liquid paraffin with carbon number of 20, melting point of 36.7 deg.C, and density of 0.8g/cm3The paraffin was stored in a thermostatic tube at 37 ℃. It is calculated that 100g of the polymetallic nodules, after being thoroughly mixed with 150g of the selected liquid paraffin, can make the density of the mixture less than that of the seawater.
(4) Transportation of paraffin-polymetallic nodule mixture: after the mixture is completely mixed and solidified, the water control cabin door 601 is opened, the mixture above the water control cabin door is knocked by hydraulic rods 605 at four corners of the bottom of the water control cabin door, paraffin adhered to the lower end is separated, after seawater enters the buoyancy self-elevating transmission system 6, the paraffin-polymetallic nodule mixture moves upwards under the action of buoyancy until the paraffin-polymetallic nodule mixture reaches the top of the transmission pipeline 4 for manual collection, and after all nodules pass through the water control cabin door, the water control cabin door 601 is closed; the remaining seawater is discharged layer by layer through the water outlet 606.
(5) Separation of polymetallic nodules and recovery of paraffin: the paraffin-polymetallic nodule mixture transmitted to the mining ship system is manually collected and then is operated to the nodule paraffin separation device 3, paraffin in the mixture is sublimated into paraffin gas through high temperature and then is transmitted to the constant-temperature transmission pipeline 5, the paraffin gas can be liquefied into paraffin liquid due to the reduction of temperature, and then the paraffin and the polymetallic nodule are separated. The two sensors are reset and the next round of transmission is performed.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "coaxial", "bottom", "one end", "top", "middle", "other end", "upper", "one side", "top", "inner", "front", "center", "both ends", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated, whereby the features defined as "first", "second", "third", "fourth" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "connected," "secured," "screwed" and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the terms may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate, and may be communication between two elements or interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise specifically limited, and the specific meaning of the terms in the present invention will be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
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