CN113981236A - Continuous electron beam cold bed smelting equipment - Google Patents
Continuous electron beam cold bed smelting equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN113981236A CN113981236A CN202111311282.3A CN202111311282A CN113981236A CN 113981236 A CN113981236 A CN 113981236A CN 202111311282 A CN202111311282 A CN 202111311282A CN 113981236 A CN113981236 A CN 113981236A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/22—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation
- C22B9/228—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation by particle radiation, e.g. electron beams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/055—Cooling the moulds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D45/00—Equipment for casting, not otherwise provided for
- B22D45/005—Evacuation of fumes, dust or waste gases during manipulations in the foundry
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of vacuum metallurgical equipment, and particularly relates to continuous electron beam cold bed smelting equipment. The large continuous electron beam cold bed smelting equipment has the advantages of simple layout, compact structure, convenient maintenance, suitability for flat ingots and round ingots and continuous production. Comprises a smelting chamber, a feeding device, an ingot casting chamber transmission vehicle, a vacuum system and a platform; the smelting chamber and the feeding device are connected to the platform; two interfaces are respectively arranged on two sides of the smelting chamber, wherein the round interface is connected with a vacuum system, and the square interface is connected with a feeding device through a feeding chamber valve with a water-cooling protective cover; the feeding device, the ingot casting chamber transmission vehicle and the vacuum system are respectively provided with two groups; the ingot casting chamber is arranged on an ingot casting chamber transmission vehicle capable of providing lifting action and can be translated together; an ingot casting chamber isolation valve is arranged at the top of the ingot casting chamber, and the ingot casting chamber is in butt joint with a smelting chamber isolation valve at the bottom of the smelting chamber when being in a lifting position; and the vacuum system is connected with the feeding device through a pipeline.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vacuum metallurgical equipment, and particularly relates to continuous electron beam cold bed smelting equipment.
Background
The electron beam cold bed smelting furnace is a smelting device which uses the kinetic energy of electron beam flow moving at high speed as a heat source and can be used for smelting refractory and high-purity metals such as titanium, niobium, tantalum, hafnium and the like. Has the advantages of high power density, high surface temperature of the molten pool, good degassing effect, low limitation of the shape and structure of raw materials and the like. The smelting chamber is the foundation of the whole equipment, and the structural form of the smelting chamber is related to the type and the quantity of electron guns, raw materials, feeding modes, ingot discharging structures and sizes, and can be divided into a vertical type and a horizontal type. The upper opening of the furnace body of the vertical smelting chamber, the electron gun is arranged on the movable furnace cover, the furnace cover is buckled on the upper part of the furnace body during working, and other parts in the furnace are hoisted and placed into the furnace through the upper opening of the furnace body; the side opening of the furnace body of the horizontal smelting chamber is provided with an electron gun arranged on the top of the furnace body, and all parts in the furnace are arranged on a smelting trolley and can drive away from the furnace body along with a furnace door.
Electron guns can be classified into hot cathode guns and cold cathode guns. The hot cathode gun needs a filament to heat a cathode and needs extra evacuation, and has a complex structure, more faults and high energy consumption; the cold cathode gun does not need to heat the cathode, only needs to introduce gas, and has less faults and low energy consumption.
The existing partial electron beam cold bed smelting equipment has the defects of complex structural layout, single function, low production efficiency, low reliability and expansibility and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides large continuous electron beam cold bed smelting equipment which is simple in layout, compact in structure, convenient to maintain, suitable for flat ingots and round ingots and capable of continuously producing.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the device comprises a smelting chamber, a feeding device, an ingot casting chamber transmission vehicle, a vacuum system and a platform; the method is characterized in that: the smelting chamber and the feeding device are connected to the platform; two interfaces are respectively arranged on two sides of the smelting chamber, wherein the round interface is connected with a vacuum system, and the square interface is connected with a feeding device through a feeding chamber valve with a water-cooling protective cover; the feeding device, the ingot casting chamber transmission vehicle and the vacuum system are respectively provided with two groups; the ingot casting chamber is arranged on an ingot casting chamber transmission vehicle capable of providing lifting action and can be translated together; an ingot casting chamber isolation valve is arranged at the top of the ingot casting chamber, and the ingot casting chamber is in butt joint with a smelting chamber isolation valve at the bottom of the smelting chamber when being in a lifting position; and the vacuum system is connected with the feeding device through a pipeline. One part of which is located under the platform 7 and the other part of which is located on the ground.
Furthermore, the smelting chamber comprises a square furnace body, a furnace door smelting vehicle, an electronic gun, a furnace top cover assembly, a flash frequency observation window, a smelting chamber maintenance door, an ingot discharging adapter plate, a smelting chamber isolation valve, a smelting water channel and a furnace top platform.
The square furnace body is of a double-layer water-cooling horizontal square structure made of carbon steel; the furnace door smelting vehicle is formed by connecting a furnace door and a smelting trolley, and is controlled to be opened and closed by a furnace door driving assembly.
The furnace door smelting vehicle is provided with a horizontal linear cooling bed, a water-cooling copper crystallizer, a crystallizer supporting beam, a water-cooling frame, a water-cooling supporting plate, a furnace guide rail assembly, a condensation cover, a protective cover plate and folding wheel legs; the cooling bed and the water-cooling copper crystallizer are connected to the center of the smelting trolley and are provided with a cooling bed horizontal adjusting device and a crystallizer horizontal adjusting device.
The cooling bed main body consists of a bed body and a detachable and replaceable joint nozzle, and the cooling bed and the water-cooled copper crystallizer both adopt a flange water pipe to supply water in a connecting mode; the water-cooled copper crystallizer can be used for drawing a flat ingot, and further comprises a detachable and replaceable round crystallizer which is supported by a detachable crystallizer supporting beam and is used for supplying cooling water, and the cooling water is supplied through a hollow frame of the smelting trolley to correspondingly draw the flat ingot and the round ingot.
The crystallizer supporting beam main body is formed by welding two rectangular pipes, a plurality of water nozzles are reserved at the top of the crystallizer supporting beam main body and are connected with the crystallizer through hoses, two ends of a cross beam are opened and are connected with a water cooling frame of the smelting trolley and are introduced with cooling water, and the two rectangular pipes are respectively water inlet ends and water return ends.
And the water-cooling supporting plate is positioned above the side of the cooling bed and is aligned with the guide track assembly and the feeding device in the furnace.
The condensing hood falls on the smelting trolley and is of a frame structure hung with a titanium plate, and the titanium plate is connected with a bolt by adopting a hook step by step; the protective cover plates are distributed around the cooling bed and the crystallizer to protect a bottom water path.
The folding wheel legs are arranged at the bottom of the smelting trolley, are automatically folded when the furnace door smelting trolley drives into the furnace body, and automatically droop and unfold to fall on a track outside the furnace by means of gravity when the furnace door smelting trolley drives away from the furnace body to support the smelting trolley.
Furthermore, the electron gun is a cold cathode electron gun, and the number of the electron guns is 7, wherein 4 of the electron guns are directly arranged in the square furnace body for melting materials, and the other 3 electron guns are arranged in the furnace top cover component for scanning the cooling bed and the crystallizer; the furnace top cover component has two electronic gun layout forms which are respectively used for scanning a flat ingot and a round ingot, the furnace top cover component is connected with a furnace body handle through a flange, the flash frequency observation window is provided with lead glass and a water cooling and air blowing device, and is provided with an isolation valve for replacing the glass in the smelting process; the ingot discharging adapter plate is of a double-layer water-cooling circular plate structure with an offset long circular hole, and two mounting positions are generated by rotating the plate, correspond to two translation positions of the smelting chamber and are respectively used for discharging flat ingots and round ingots; the melting chamber isolation valve is arranged at the bottom of the ingot outlet adapter plate, a water-cooling protective cover is arranged in the melting chamber isolation valve, the melting chamber isolation valve seals the melting chamber after the melting is finished, and the melting chamber isolation valve is opened again after the ingot casting chamber is switched, so that the continuous melting is realized; the smelting water path is arranged on two sides of the furnace door and can supply cooling water for the cooling bed, the water-cooling supporting plate and the furnace door, the smelting water path is provided with a quick connector and a corrugated pipe, the quick connector can divide the smelting water path into a fixed end connected with the main cooling water path and a movable end connected with the furnace door, two ends of the quick connector are respectively provided with a valve which can cut off the water path before separation, a pipeline between the valves at the two ends is provided with an air suction valve at a high position, a ball valve is arranged at a low position, and residual cooling water can be discharged before the water path is cut off and the separation; the furnace top platform is arranged at the top of the smelting chamber.
Furthermore, the feeding device comprises a feeding bin, a feeding bin cover, a cover opening mechanism, a material bearing roller, a material bearing baffle, a material pushing vehicle, a side track wheel set, a material pushing oil cylinder and supporting legs; the feeding bin is a horizontal feeding square box structure distributed on two sides of the smelting chamber, the bottom of the feeding bin is connected with a supporting leg with adjustable height, and the bottom of the feeding bin is provided with a vacuumizing interface; the size of the feeding bin can ensure that two materials can be fed by uncovering one side once, one material block is firstly placed and pushed to the water-cooling supporting plate through the material pushing oil cylinder, at the moment, the material block is borne by the guide rail assembly in the furnace, the material pushing oil cylinder is returned, the feeding bin is empty, and a second material block can be placed.
Furthermore, the feeding bin cover adopts an upper cover opening mode and is connected with the feeding bin through a cover opening mechanism; the material bearing roller and the material bearing baffle are distributed at intervals for bearing and placing raw materials, the outer layer of the material bearing roller is provided with a detachable protective sleeve, the top surface of the protective sleeve is higher than the material bearing baffle, the material pushing vehicle is placed on a rail of the side rail wheel set and pushes materials under the driving of the material pushing oil cylinder; the side track wheel set has the function of left and right guiding of the material block.
Further, the ingot casting chamber comprises an ingot pulling barrel, an ingot casting chamber isolation valve, a bottom support water pipe, an ingot casting supporting device, a lead screw transmission assembly, a guide rail, a lead screw water cooling plate, a water pipe protection plate and an ingot casting chamber maintenance door; the ingot pulling cylinder is formed by connecting two sections of cylindrical double-layer water cooling structures, and an ingot casting chamber isolation valve is arranged at the top of the ingot pulling cylinder; the bottom support is supplied with water by a bottom support water pipe, is arranged at the top of the ingot casting supporting device, and can extend into the water-cooling copper crystallizer at a high point position for supporting the ingot casting.
Furthermore, the ingot supporting device is driven by two groups of lead screw transmission assemblies and is guided by the guide rails; the screw rod transmission assembly is installed at the top, and an auxiliary limiting device with a certain telescopic allowance is arranged at the bottom; the guide rail is laterally arranged on the ingot pulling barrel, is double-layer hollow, is internally provided with a cooling pipeline, and enters the bottom of the cooling water.
Furthermore, the lead screw water cooling plate is formed by welding a double-layer hollow pipeline which is longitudinally arranged with a bent plate, the whole lead screw water cooling plate penetrates through the ingot casting supporting device, the upper end and the lower end of the lead screw water cooling plate are connected with the ingot casting chamber, the cooling water enters the bottom and returns, and the lead screw water cooling plate can shield the heat radiation of the pull-down spindle; the water pipe protection plate is used for cooling and protecting the bottom support water pipe; the ingot casting chamber maintenance door is opened at the bottom of the ingot casting chamber.
Further, the vacuum system comprises an evacuation main pipeline, an oil booster pump, a dust removal tank, a roots pump, a slide valve pump, an explosion-proof valve and a charging evacuation connecting pipe; one end of the evacuation main pipeline is connected with the smelting chamber, and a water cooling jacket is arranged outside the pipeline at the connection position; the baffle valve is integrated with the evacuation main pipeline, and the bottom of the baffle valve is connected with the oil booster pump through a cold trap.
Furthermore, the lower tank body of the dust removing tank can be moved to change oil or filter screens; the explosion-proof valve is positioned in the evacuation main pipeline, the feeding evacuation connecting pipe is connected with the feeding bin and the inlets of the mechanical pumps, when the feeding chamber valve is closed, the feeding bin after being supplemented with the materials is evacuated by using the mechanical pumps, and when the vacuum degree meets the requirement, the feeding chamber valve is opened to continue to push the materials; the oil booster pump is placed on the lower-layer platform, and the dust removal tank, the roots pump and the sliding valve pump are placed on the ground and fall below the platform.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects.
The invention has the advantages of reliable and stable structure, high space utilization rate, modularization, convenient maintenance and long-term use.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description. The scope of the invention is not limited to the following expressions.
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an axial view of the melting chamber of the ingot arrangement of the invention.
FIG. 3 is an isometric view of a furnace door melting cart in the configuration of a round ingot of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a partial top view of the melting trolley of the present invention.
Figure 5 is an isometric view of the charging device of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an ingot chamber of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a door is maintained in the ingot casting chamber; 2. an ingot casting chamber; 3. the ingot casting chamber is driven by a vehicle; 4. an ingot chamber isolation valve; 5. a melting chamber isolation valve; 6. feeding, evacuating and connecting the pipe; 7. a platform; 8. a feeding device; 9. evacuating the main pipeline; 10. a furnace door smelting vehicle; 11. an electron gun; 12. a smelting chamber; 13. a charging chamber valve; 14. an explosion-proof valve; 15. a vacuum system; 16. a flapper valve; 17. an oil booster pump; 18. a lower stage; 19. a dust removal tank; 20. a roots pump; 21. a slide valve pump; 22. a smelting water channel; 23. an air intake valve; 24. a quick coupling; 25. an oven door drive assembly; 26. smelting trolley; 27. a furnace inner guide rail assembly; 28. water-cooling the supporting plate; 29. a water-cooled frame; 30. cooling the bed; 31. a square crystallizer; 32. a crystallizer support beam; 33. folding the wheel legs; 34. a ball valve; 35. a bellows; 36. discharging the ingot transfer plate; 37. a strobe observation window; 38. a square furnace body; 39. a melting chamber maintenance door; 40. a furnace roof platform; 41. a roof cover assembly; 42. a protective cover plate; 43. a condensing hood; 44. a furnace door; 45. a circular crystallizer; 46. a material bearing baffle plate; 47. a material bearing roller; 48. a side track wheel set; 49. a cover opening mechanism; 50. a feed bin cover; 51. a material pushing vehicle; 52. a material pushing oil cylinder; 53. a feeding bin; 54. supporting legs; 55. a pulling ingot cylinder; 56. a lead screw water-cooling plate; 57. a guide rail; 58. a water pipe protection plate; 59. a lead screw drive assembly; 60. a bottom support; 61. a bottom support water pipe; 62. a cast ingot supporting device; 63. a nozzle is connected; 64. a crystallizer horizontal adjusting device; 65. a flanged water pipe; 66. a cooling bed horizontal adjusting device; 67. a bed body.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-6, the invention comprises a smelting chamber 12, a feeding device 8, an ingot casting chamber 2, an ingot casting chamber transmission vehicle 3, a vacuum system 15 and a platform 7; the smelting chamber 12 and the charging device 8 are connected to the platform 7; two ports are respectively arranged on two sides of the smelting chamber 12, wherein a round port is connected with a vacuum system 15, and a square port is connected with a feeding device 8 through a feeding chamber valve 13 with a water-cooling protective cover; the feeding device 8, the ingot casting chamber 2, the ingot casting chamber transmission vehicle 3 and the vacuum system 15 are respectively provided with two groups; the ingot casting chamber 2 is arranged on an ingot casting chamber transmission vehicle 3 capable of providing lifting action and can be translated together; an ingot casting chamber isolation valve 4 is arranged at the top of the ingot casting chamber 2, and the ingot casting chamber 2 can be in butt joint with a smelting chamber isolation valve 5 at the bottom of a smelting chamber 12 when being in a lifting position; the vacuum system 15 is further connected to the charging device 8 via a line, one part of which is located below the platform 7 and the other part of which is located on the ground.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the smelting chamber 12 includes a square furnace body 38, a furnace door smelting car 10, an electron gun 11, a furnace roof assembly 41, a flash frequency observation window 37, a smelting chamber maintenance door 39, an ingot discharge adapter plate 36, a smelting chamber isolation valve 5, a smelting waterway 22 and a furnace roof platform 40; the square furnace body 38 is a double-layer water-cooling horizontal square structure made of carbon steel; the furnace door smelting vehicle 10 is formed by connecting a furnace door 44 and a smelting trolley 26 and is controlled to open and close by a furnace door driving assembly 25; the furnace door smelting vehicle 10 is provided with a horizontal straight-line-shaped cooling bed 30, a water-cooling copper crystallizer 31, a crystallizer supporting beam 32, a water-cooling frame 29, a water-cooling supporting plate 28, a furnace guide track assembly 27, a condensation cover 43, a protective cover plate 42 and folding wheel legs 33; the cooling bed 30 and the water-cooled copper crystallizer 31 are connected to the center of the smelting trolley 26 and are provided with a cooling bed horizontal adjusting device 66 and a crystallizer horizontal adjusting device 64; the main body of the cooling bed 30 consists of a bed body 67 and a detachable and replaceable connector 63, and the cooling bed 30 and the water-cooled copper crystallizer 31 are supplied with water in a connecting mode by adopting a flanged water pipe 65; the water-cooled copper crystallizer 31 can be used for drawing a flat ingot, and further comprises a detachable and replaceable round crystallizer 45 which is supported by a detachable crystallizer supporting beam 32 and is supplied with cooling water, and the cooling water is supplied through a hollow frame of the smelting trolley 26 to correspondingly draw the flat ingot and the round ingot; the crystallizer supporting beam 32 main body is formed by welding two rectangular pipes, a plurality of water nozzles are reserved at the top of the crystallizer, the water nozzles are connected with the crystallizer through hoses, two ends of a cross beam are opened, the cross beam is connected with a water cooling frame 29 of the smelting trolley 26 and is introduced with cooling water, and the two rectangular pipes are water inlet ends and water return ends respectively; the water-cooling supporting plate 28 is positioned above the side of the cooling bed 30 and is aligned with the guide track assembly 27 in the furnace and the feeding device 8; the condensation cover 43 falls on the smelting trolley 26 and is of a frame structure hung with a titanium plate, and the titanium plate is connected with a bolt by adopting a hook step by step; the protective cover plates 42 are distributed around the cooling bed and the crystallizer to protect a bottom water path; the folding wheel legs 33 are arranged at the bottom of the smelting trolley 26, are automatically folded when the furnace door smelting trolley 10 drives into the furnace body 38, automatically droop and unfold to fall on a rail outside the furnace by means of gravity when the furnace door smelting trolley 10 drives out of the furnace body 38, and support the smelting trolley 26; the electron gun 11 adopts a cold cathode electron gun, and the number of the electron guns is 7, wherein 4 of the electron guns are directly arranged on the square furnace body 38 for melting materials, and the other 3 electron guns are arranged on the furnace top cover component 41 for scanning a cold bed and a crystallizer; the furnace top cover assembly 41 has two electron gun layout forms which are respectively used for scanning flat ingots and round ingots, the furnace top cover assembly 41 is connected with the furnace body 38 through a flange, and the electron guns 11 and the furnace top cover assembly 41 are convenient to disassemble, assemble and replace; the flash frequency observation window 37 is provided with lead glass, a water cooling and blowing device and an isolation valve for replacing glass in the smelting process; the melting chamber maintenance door 39 can be used for checking the centering condition of the crystallizer and the ingot casting chamber 2 when a furnace door 44 is closed; the ingot discharging adapter plate 36 is a double-layer water-cooling circular plate structure with an offset long circular hole, and two installation positions are generated by rotating the plate, correspond to two translation positions of the smelting chamber 12 and are respectively used for discharging flat ingots and round ingots; the melting chamber isolation valve 5 is arranged at the bottom of the ingot outlet adapter plate 36, a water-cooling protective cover is arranged in the melting chamber isolation valve 5, the melting chamber 12 is sealed after the melting is finished, and the melting chamber isolation valve is opened again after the ingot casting chamber 2 is switched, so that the continuous melting is realized; the smelting water path 22 is arranged at two sides of the furnace door 44 and can supply cooling water for the cooling bed 30, the water-cooling supporting plate 28 and the furnace door, the smelting water path 22 is provided with a quick connector 24 and a corrugated pipe 35, the quick connector 24 can divide the smelting water path 22 into a fixed end connected with a total cooling water path and a movable end connected with the furnace door 44, two ends of the quick connector are respectively provided with a valve which can cut off the water path before separation, a pipeline between the two ends of the quick connector is provided with a suction valve 23 at the high position, a ball valve 34 is provided at the low position, and residual cooling water can be discharged before the water path is cut off and the separation is carried out; the furnace top platform 40 is installed on the top of the smelting chamber 12 and is used for bearing water, electricity, gas circuits and installation and maintenance personnel of the electron gun 11.
As shown in fig. 5, the feeding device 8 comprises a feeding bin 53, a feeding bin cover 50, an uncovering mechanism 49, a material bearing roller 47, a material bearing baffle 46, a material pushing cart 51, a side track wheel set 48, a material pushing cylinder 52 and a supporting leg 54; the feeding bin 53 is an independent horizontal feeding square box structure distributed on two sides of the smelting chamber 12, the bottom of the feeding bin is connected with a supporting leg 54 with adjustable height, and an evacuation interface is reserved at the bottom of the feeding bin 53; the size of the feeding bin 53 is designed to ensure that two materials can be fed by uncovering one side at a time, a material block is firstly put in and pushed to the water-cooling supporting plate 28 through the material pushing oil cylinder 52, the material block is borne by the guide rail assembly 27 in the furnace at the moment, the material pushing oil cylinder 52 is returned, the feeding bin 53 is empty, and a second material block can be put in; the material pushing oil cylinder 52 adopts a double-section design, so that the total length of the equipment is greatly reduced; the feeding bin cover 50 is opened upwards, and is connected with the feeding bin 53 through the cover opening mechanism 49 to realize automatic cover opening; the material bearing roller 47 and the material bearing baffle 46 are distributed at intervals for bearing and placing raw materials, the outer layer of the material bearing roller 47 is provided with a detachable protective sleeve, the top surface of the protective sleeve is slightly higher than the material bearing baffle 46, a roller shaft can be protected, friction is reduced, and material pushing is facilitated; the material pushing vehicle 51 is placed on a rail of the side rail wheel set 48 and pushes materials under the driving of the material pushing oil cylinder 52; the side track wheel set 48 has the function of left and right guiding of the material block.
As shown in fig. 6, the ingot chamber 2 comprises a pulling ingot cylinder 55, an ingot chamber isolation valve 4, a bottom support 60, a bottom support water pipe 61, an ingot supporting device 62, a lead screw transmission assembly 59, a guide track 57, a lead screw water cooling plate 56, a water pipe protection plate 58 and an ingot chamber maintenance door 1; the ingot pulling barrel 55 is formed by connecting two sections of cylindrical double-layer water cooling structures, and the top of the ingot pulling barrel is provided with an ingot casting chamber isolation valve 4; the bottom support 60 is supplied with water by a bottom support water pipe 61, is arranged at the top of the ingot casting supporting device 62, and can extend into the water-cooled copper crystallizer 31 at a high point position for supporting ingot casting; the ingot supporting device 62 is driven by two groups of lead screw transmission assemblies 59 and is guided by the guide rail 57; the screw rod transmission assembly 59 adopts a design of mounting, fixing and driving at the top, and an auxiliary limiting device with a certain telescopic allowance is arranged at the bottom; the guide rail 57 is laterally arranged on the ingot pulling barrel 55, adopts a double-layer hollow design, is internally provided with a cooling pipeline, and enters the bottom of the cooling water; the main body of the lead screw water cooling plate 56 is formed by welding a double-layer hollow pipeline and a bent plate which are longitudinally arranged, the whole body penetrates through the ingot casting supporting device 62, the upper end and the lower end of the lead screw water cooling plate are connected with the ingot casting chamber 2 in a butt joint mode, the lead screw water cooling plate enters the bottom and returns to the bottom, and the lead screw water cooling plate can shield the heat radiation of a pull-down spindle; the water pipe protection plate 58 is used for cooling and protecting the bottom support water pipe 61; the ingot casting chamber maintenance door 1 is arranged at the bottom of the ingot casting chamber 2.
As shown in fig. 1, the vacuum system 15 comprises an evacuation main pipe 9, an oil booster pump 17, a dust removing tank 19, a roots pump 20, a slide valve pump 21, an explosion-proof valve 14, a charging evacuation connection pipe 6 and the like; one end of the main evacuation pipeline 9 is connected with the smelting chamber 12, and a water cooling jacket is arranged outside a pipeline at the connection part; the baffle valve 16 is integrated with the main evacuation pipeline 9, and the bottom of the baffle valve is connected with an oil booster pump 17 through a cold trap; the dust removal tank 19 adopts a 'wet' oil immersion filtering design, and the lower tank body can be moved to change oil or change a filter screen, so that the operation is convenient; the explosion-proof valve 14 is positioned on the main evacuation pipeline 9 and can be decompressed when the system has over-high fault pressure; the feeding evacuation connecting pipe 6 is connected with the feeding bin 53 and the inlets of the mechanical pumps, when the feeding chamber valve 13 is closed, the feeding bin 53 after being supplemented with the added materials is evacuated by using the mechanical pumps, and when the vacuum degree meets the requirement, the feeding chamber valve 13 is opened to continue material pushing; the oil booster pump 17 is arranged on the lower-layer platform 18, and the dust removal tank 19, the roots pump 20 and the slide valve pump 21 are arranged on the ground and fall below the platform 7.
The invention adopts a multifunctional design: the flat ingot or the round ingot can be produced by only using one set of smelting chamber and related frames without replacing a cooling bed, only replacing the crystallizer and the furnace top cover component, rotating the ingot discharging adapter plate and translating the ingot casting chamber transmission vehicle, and the flat ingot or the round ingot can be correspondingly drawn through the two ingot discharging stations of the ingot casting chamber, so that the number of parts to be replaced is greatly reduced, and the equipment cost and the operation difficulty are reduced.
The invention has the following continuous production: the device is characterized in that two sets of feeding devices, a feeding chamber valve, an ingot casting chamber, a corresponding melting chamber valve and an ingot casting chamber valve are comprehensively used, when the feeding device at one side is used for feeding and melting, the feeding device at the other side is uncovered for supplementing feeding, after one ingot casting is melted, the melting is suspended, the melting chamber and the ingot casting chamber are sealed, the other ingot casting chamber is replaced in a translation mode, the melting chamber valve and the ingot casting chamber valve of the newly replaced ingot casting chamber are opened again, ingot pulling is continuously melted, and continuous feeding, material melting and ingot discharging are achieved.
The invention adopts the design of a horizontal square furnace body, the electron gun is arranged at the top of the fixed smelting chamber, a special cable is not needed for dragging, the electron gun is fixed, the occurrence of faults is greatly reduced, and the starting rate of the equipment is improved.
The cooling bed, the crystallizer and the bottom support of the invention are connected with cooling water through the flange water pipe with the sealing ring, as shown in figure 6, the water pipe joint of the design is convenient to install, maintain and replace, and can avoid the defects of welding deformation in a brazing mode, difficult process and inconvenient maintenance.
The cooling bed adopts a multi-path same-direction parallel water cooling design, cooling water flows in from the feeding side and flows out from the crystallizer, and the water channel processing technology is simple, so that the cooling bed can be uniformly cooled, the temperature of the cooling bed in a refining area can be properly increased, and the flowing of molten metal is promoted.
The cooling bed adopts a long bed body and a short-connection nozzle design, the connection nozzle is connected with the bed body, and the single-head and double-head connection nozzles are replaced, so that the cooling bed can adapt to a single crystallizer or a double crystallizer, and the expandability is strong; the size of the connector is small and exquisite, the design of the internal straight water channel is adopted, the processing is easy, and the maintenance and the replacement are convenient.
The crystallizer cooling water path is optimized for drawing a 2m wide slab ingot, is provided with a plurality of water inlets and water outlets, adopts a bottom-in and top-out straight waterfall type multi-path parallel cooling design in the crystallizer cooling water path, has a better cooling effect compared with the traditional single-path snake-shaped arrangement, enables the crystallizer to have the same temperature gradient on the same horizontal plane, is uniformly cooled, and is beneficial to improving the ingot casting quality.
The rectangular crystallizer and the circular crystallizer of the invention use the same crystallizer supporting beam to carry and supply water, the water nozzles of the rectangular crystallizer, the circular crystallizer and the supporting beam are matched with each other in position, the crystallizer is switched and only the mounting position of the supporting beam needs to be adjusted to be installed in the corresponding crystallizer, and the two configuration special parts have the advantages of small quantity, strong universality, simple and compact structure and convenient disassembly and assembly.
The cooling bed and the crystallizer are both provided with XY horizontal adjusting devices, so that after the cooling bed and the crystallizer fall on the installation positions, the horizontal positions can be finely and stably adjusted and then fixed, the correct positions are ensured, and the operation is convenient.
The parts such as the cooling bed, the crystallizer, the water-cooling supporting plate, the cooling pipeline, the protective cover plate, the condensation cover and the like in the smelting chamber can be driven away from the furnace body along with the furnace door smelting vehicle, wherein the protective plate of the condensation cover adopts a connection mode of combining the hook and the bolt, the hook is firstly hung, then the bolt is fixed, the repeated manual lifting operation is greatly reduced, and the equipment is very convenient to install, maintain and clean.
The front part of the melting trolley is provided with the folding wheel legs which can be automatically folded in the furnace body, and when the furnace door melting trolley is driven out, the folding wheel legs can be automatically unfolded under the action of gravity after being separated from the furnace body, fall on a track outside the furnace and support the front part of the melting trolley. The whole process does not need additional auxiliary supporting devices and manual participation, and the structure is simple and reliable.
When the furnace door smelting vehicle of the invention drives away from the furnace body, the cooling pipeline can be separated by the quick joint between the movable end and the fixed end of the smelting water channel, the movable end and the fixed end are provided with butterfly valves which can cut off the water channel, and the middle of the movable end and the fixed end is provided with an air suction valve and a manual ball valve which can quickly drain the residual cooling water in the pipeline. The design does not need to lay a large-diameter long hose and a drag chain, and has simple structure and small occupied space.
The flash frequency observation window is driven by magnetic coupling, is provided with lead glass for blocking X rays, is provided with a water cooling and blowing device for ensuring cooling and reducing glass pollution, can rotate the glass disc through the handle to avoid a pollution area, is provided with a water cooling isolation valve for cutting off the communication with the smelting chamber, and can quickly replace the completely polluted glass in the continuous smelting process.
The feeding chamber valve, the smelting chamber isolation valve and the ingot casting chamber isolation valve are internally provided with the annular water-cooling protective covers which can shield heat radiation for the rubber rings, prevent material slag or smelting volatile matters from entering a transmission mechanism in the valve and prolong the service life of the valve.
The feeding device adopts the design of automatically opening the cover upwards, so that the feeding is convenient; the material bearing rollers and the material bearing baffle plates are distributed at intervals for bearing and placing raw materials, and the top surfaces of the material bearing rollers are slightly higher than the material bearing baffle plates, so that friction can be reduced, and material pushing is facilitated; the outer layer of the material bearing roller is provided with a protective sleeve, so that the material bearing roller can be conveniently disassembled and replaced after being worn, and a roller shaft is effectively protected; the material bearing baffle can assist in supporting the raw materials and prevent the raw material fragments from falling into the feeding bin or the bottom of the furnace body; the telescopic double-section cylinder with the displacement sensor is adopted for pushing materials, the pushing progress can be accurately acquired, the telescopic double-section cylinder is matched with an electron gun and an ingot casting chamber, the smelting speed is controlled, the length of an oil cylinder can be greatly shortened, and the size of a feeding device is reduced.
The screw rod transmission assembly of the ingot casting chamber adopts the design of top suspension installation, fixation and driving, and is convenient to disassemble, assemble and maintain; the bearing group with the top end fixed and oppositely arranged can reliably bear the ascending or descending load of the screw rod; the screw rod water cooling plate and the water pipe protection plate are arranged and can shield the heat radiation of the pull-down spindle from the screw rod and the bottom support water pipe; the guide rail and the water cooling plate pipeline adopt a double-layer hollow design, the cooling water enters the bottom and returns, the water pipe connection is convenient, and the number of holes formed in the side wall of the ingot pulling cylinder can be reduced; the bottom support uses two opposite water inlets and returns water, and the cooling is uniform and good.
The vacuum system is provided with a three-stage dust removal filtering device, a wet-type oil immersion filter is adopted for primary filtering, a filter screen is lifted through an air cylinder, dust is removed during lifting, the filter screen is immersed into an oil pool for cleaning during descending, a lower tank body of the filter can be moved for oil change or filter screen replacement, and the operation is convenient; the secondary filtration adopts a filter vat made of polyester fiber non-woven fabrics; the third stage of filtration adopts a professional vacuum filter, and can filter fine dust volatilized in the smelting process. The whole dust removal and filtration device can effectively collect volatile matters, grease and dust generated in the smelting process, ensure long-term reliable operation of a vacuum system and prolong the service life of a vacuum pump.
It should be understood that the detailed description of the present invention is only for illustrating the present invention and is not limited by the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can be modified or substituted equally to achieve the same technical effects; as long as the use requirements are met, the method is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A continuous electron beam cold bed smelting device comprises a smelting chamber (12), a feeding device (8), an ingot casting chamber (2), an ingot casting chamber transmission vehicle (3), a vacuum system (15) and a platform (7); the method is characterized in that: the smelting chamber (12) and the feeding device (8) are connected to the platform (7); two interfaces are respectively arranged on two sides of the smelting chamber (12), wherein the round interface is connected with a vacuum system (15), and the square interface is connected with a feeding device (8) through a feeding chamber valve (13) with a water-cooling protective cover; the feeding device (8), the ingot casting chamber (2), the ingot casting chamber transmission vehicle (3) and the vacuum system (15) are respectively provided with two groups; the ingot casting chamber (2) is arranged on an ingot casting chamber transmission vehicle (3) capable of providing lifting action and can be translated together; an ingot casting chamber isolation valve (4) is arranged at the top of the ingot casting chamber (2), and the ingot casting chamber (2) is in butt joint with a smelting chamber isolation valve (5) at the bottom of a smelting chamber (12) when being in a lifting position; the vacuum system (15) is connected with the feeding device (8) through a pipeline.
2. The continuous electron beam cold hearth melting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the smelting chamber (12) comprises a square furnace body (38), a furnace door smelting vehicle (10), an electron gun (11), a furnace top cover assembly (41), a flash frequency observation window (37), a smelting chamber maintenance door (39), an ingot discharging adapter plate (36), a smelting chamber isolation valve (5), a smelting water channel (22) and a furnace top platform (40);
the square furnace body (38) is of a double-layer water-cooling horizontal square structure made of carbon steel; the furnace door smelting car (10) is formed by connecting a furnace door (44) and a smelting trolley (26), and is controlled to open and close by a furnace door driving assembly (25);
the furnace door smelting vehicle (10) is provided with a horizontal straight-line-shaped cooling bed (30), a water-cooling copper crystallizer (31), a crystallizer supporting beam (32), a water-cooling frame (29), a water-cooling supporting plate (28), a furnace guide rail component (27), a condensation cover (43), a protective cover plate (42) and folding wheel legs (33); the cooling bed (30) and the water-cooled copper crystallizer (31) are connected to the center of the smelting trolley (26) and are provided with a cooling bed horizontal adjusting device (66) and a crystallizer horizontal adjusting device (64);
the main body of the cooling bed (30) consists of a bed body (67) and a detachable and replaceable joint nozzle (63), and the cooling bed (30) and the water-cooled copper crystallizer (31) are supplied with water by adopting a flange water pipe (65) in a connecting mode; the water-cooled copper crystallizer (31) can be used for drawing a flat ingot, and also comprises a detachable and replaceable round crystallizer (45), which is supported by a detachable crystallizer supporting beam (32) and is supplied with cooling water, and the cooling water is supplied through a hollow frame of the smelting trolley (26) to correspondingly draw the flat ingot and the round ingot;
the crystallizer supporting beam (32) main body is formed by welding two rectangular pipes, a plurality of water nozzles are reserved at the top of the crystallizer, the water nozzles are connected with the crystallizer through hoses, two ends of a cross beam are opened, the cross beam is connected with a water cooling frame (29) of a smelting trolley (26) and is introduced with cooling water, and the two rectangular pipes are water inlet ends and water return ends respectively;
the water-cooling supporting plate (28) is positioned above the side of the cooling bed (30) and is aligned with the guide rail assembly (27) in the furnace and the feeding device (8);
the condensation cover (43) falls on the smelting trolley (26) and is of a frame structure hung with a titanium plate, and the titanium plate is connected in a step-by-step mode by adopting hooks and bolts; the protective cover plates (42) are distributed around the cooling bed and the crystallizer to protect a bottom water path;
the folding wheel legs (33) are arranged at the bottom of the smelting trolley (26), are automatically folded when the furnace door smelting trolley (10) is driven into the furnace body (38), and automatically droop and unfold to fall on a rail outside the furnace by means of gravity when the furnace door smelting trolley (10) is driven away from the furnace body (38) to support the smelting trolley (26).
3. The continuous electron beam cold hearth melting apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the electron gun (11) is a cold cathode electron gun, and the number of the electron guns is 7, wherein 4 of the electron guns are directly arranged on a square furnace body (38) for melting materials, and the other 3 electron guns are arranged on a furnace top cover component (41) for scanning a cooling bed and a crystallizer; the furnace roof assembly (41) has two electronic gun layout forms, which are respectively used for scanning a flat ingot and a round ingot, the furnace roof assembly (41) is connected with a furnace body (38) through a flange, the flash frequency observation window (37) is provided with lead glass, a water cooling device and an air blowing device, and is provided with an isolation valve for replacing glass in the smelting process; the ingot discharging adapter plate (36) is of a double-layer water-cooling circular plate structure with an offset long circular hole, two installation positions are generated by rotating the plate, the two installation positions correspond to the two translation positions of the smelting chamber (12), and the two installation positions are respectively used for discharging flat ingots and round ingots; the melting chamber isolation valve (5) is arranged at the bottom of the ingot outlet adapter plate (36), a water-cooling protective cover is arranged in the melting chamber isolation valve, the melting chamber (12) is sealed when the melting is finished by the melting chamber isolation valve (5), and the melting chamber isolation valve is opened again after the ingot casting chamber (2) is switched, so that continuous melting is realized; the smelting water channel (22) is arranged at two sides of the furnace door (44) and can supply cooling water for the cooling bed (30), the water-cooling supporting plate (28) and the furnace door, the smelting water channel (22) is provided with a quick connector (24) and a corrugated pipe (35), the quick connector (24) can divide the smelting water channel (22) into a fixed end connected with a total cooling water channel and a movable end two parts connected with the furnace door (44), two ends of the smelting water channel are respectively provided with a valve which can cut off the water channel before separation, a pipeline between the valves at the two ends is provided with an air suction valve (23) at the high position, a ball valve (34) is arranged at the low position, and residual cooling water can be discharged before the water channel is cut off and the separation is carried out; the furnace top platform (40) is arranged at the top of the smelting chamber (12).
4. The continuous electron beam cold hearth melting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the feeding device (8) comprises a feeding bin (53), a feeding bin cover (50), a cover opening mechanism (49), a material bearing roller (47), a material bearing baffle (46), a pushing trolley (51), a side track wheel set (48), a pushing oil cylinder (52) and supporting legs (54); the feeding bin (53) is a horizontal feeding square box structure distributed on two sides of the smelting chamber (12), the bottom of the feeding bin is connected with a supporting leg (54) with adjustable height, and an evacuation interface is reserved at the bottom of the feeding bin (53); the size of the feeding bin (53) can ensure that two materials are fed by uncovering one side at a time, a material block is firstly placed and pushed to the position of the water-cooling supporting plate (28) through the material pushing oil cylinder (52), at the moment, the material block is born by the guide rail component (27) in the furnace, the material pushing oil cylinder (52) is returned, the feeding bin (53) is empty, and a second material block is placed.
5. The continuous electron beam cold hearth melting apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the feeding bin cover (50) is connected with the feeding bin (53) through a cover opening mechanism (49) in an upper cover opening mode; the material bearing roller (47) and the material bearing baffle (46) are distributed at intervals to bear and place raw materials, the outer layer of the material bearing roller (47) is provided with a detachable protective sleeve, the top surface of the protective sleeve is higher than the material bearing baffle (46), the material pushing trolley (51) is placed on a rail of the side rail wheel set (48) and pushes materials under the driving of the material pushing oil cylinder (52); the side track wheel set (48) has the function of left and right guiding of the material block.
6. The continuous electron beam cold hearth melting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the ingot casting chamber (2) comprises an ingot pulling barrel (55), an ingot casting chamber isolation valve (4), a bottom support (60), a bottom support water pipe (61), an ingot casting supporting device (62), a lead screw transmission assembly (59), a guide rail (57), a lead screw water cooling plate (56), a water pipe protection plate (58) and an ingot casting chamber maintenance door (1); the ingot pulling barrel (55) is formed by connecting two sections of cylindrical double-layer water cooling structures, and the top of the ingot pulling barrel is provided with an ingot casting chamber isolation valve (4); the bottom support (60) is supplied with water by a bottom support water pipe (61), is arranged at the top of the ingot casting supporting device (62), and can extend into the water-cooling copper crystallizer (31) at a high point position for supporting ingot casting.
7. The continuous electron beam cold hearth melting apparatus of claim 6, wherein: the ingot supporting device (62) is driven by two groups of lead screw transmission assemblies (59) and is guided by the guide rail (57); the screw rod transmission assembly (59) is installed at the top, and an auxiliary limiting device with a certain telescopic allowance is arranged at the bottom; the guide rail (57) is laterally arranged on the ingot pulling barrel (55), is double-layer hollow, is internally provided with a cooling pipeline, and enters the bottom of the cooling water.
8. The continuous electron beam cold hearth melting apparatus of claim 6, wherein: the screw water cooling plate (56) is formed by welding a double-layer hollow pipeline and a bent plate which are longitudinally arranged, integrally penetrates through the ingot casting supporting device (62), the upper end and the lower end of the screw water cooling plate are connected with the ingot casting chamber (2), the screw water cooling plate enters the bottom and returns to the bottom, and the screw water cooling plate can shield the heat radiation of a pull-down spindle; the water pipe protection plate (58) is used for cooling and protecting the bottom support water pipe (61); the ingot casting chamber maintenance door (1) is arranged at the bottom of the ingot casting chamber (2).
9. The continuous electron beam cold hearth melting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the vacuum system (15) comprises a vacuumizing main pipe (9), an oil booster pump (17), a dust removing tank (19), a roots pump (20), a slide valve pump (21), an explosion-proof valve (14) and a charging vacuumizing connecting pipe (6); one end of the main evacuation pipeline (9) is connected with the smelting chamber (12), and a water cooling jacket is arranged outside a pipeline at the connection part; the baffle valve (16) is integrated with the main evacuation pipeline (9), and the bottom of the baffle valve is connected with an oil booster pump (17) through a cold trap.
10. The continuous electron beam cold hearth melting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the lower tank body of the dust removing tank (19) can be moved to change oil or filter screen; the anti-explosion valve (14) is positioned in the evacuation main pipeline (9), the feeding evacuation connecting pipe (6) is connected with the feeding bin (53) and inlets of a group of mechanical pumps, when the feeding chamber valve (13) is closed, the feeding bin (53) after being supplemented with the materials is evacuated by using a group of mechanical pumps, and when the vacuum degree meets the requirement, the feeding chamber valve (13) is opened to continue material pushing; the oil booster pump (17) is placed on the lower-layer platform (18), and the dust removal tank (19), the roots pump (20) and the sliding valve pump (21) are placed on the ground and fall below the platform (7).
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Cited By (1)
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| CN117185298A (en) * | 2023-11-07 | 2023-12-08 | 宝鸡宝钛装备科技有限公司 | Crystallizer for polycrystalline silicon |
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| CN113981236B (en) | 2022-08-05 |
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