CN113981187A - Heat treatment method of maraging stainless steel - Google Patents
Heat treatment method of maraging stainless steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN113981187A CN113981187A CN202111346118.6A CN202111346118A CN113981187A CN 113981187 A CN113981187 A CN 113981187A CN 202111346118 A CN202111346118 A CN 202111346118A CN 113981187 A CN113981187 A CN 113981187A
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- stainless steel
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910001240 Maraging steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001105 martensitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011157 advanced composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/04—Hardening by cooling below 0 degrees Celsius
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat treatment of stainless steel, and particularly relates to a heat treatment method of maraging stainless steel. Firstly, carrying out solid solution treatment to fully dissolve precipitates in a matrix to achieve uniformity and consistency of chemical components, and then quickly cooling to obtain a single or uniform martensite structure; while above AC to obtain a single fine grain austenitic structure3OfCarrying out repeated solid solution treatment at the temperature of 40-60 ℃; considering that the nickel or cobalt content of some maraging steel is higher, air cooling or water cooling can not ensure that austenite is completely transformed into martensite, the invention increases the cryogenic treatment link and reduces the content of residual austenite. And finally, a strengthening phase is precipitated on the martensite matrix during the aging treatment, so that the tensile strength of the steel is improved, and meanwhile, the plasticity and the toughness are maintained at higher levels.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat treatment of stainless steel, and particularly relates to a heat treatment method of maraging stainless steel.
Background
With the further development of aerospace industry in China, higher requirements are also put forward on the performance of structural materials used in special environments. Due to the continuous development and replacement of new aviation materials (such as aluminum magnesium alloy, advanced composite materials and titanium alloy), the application proportion of steel on airplanes is continuously reduced. However, high performance structural steels and stainless steels, with their advantages of high strength, high toughness, fatigue performance and high purity, will for some time be important candidates for the critical structural components of the new generation of aircraft, such as high stress fasteners, landing gear and longerons. In the field of civil aviation, high-performance structural steel and stainless steel are inevitably applied in a large number of new airplanes with formal start of large passenger plane development projects in China. However, at present, all the airplanes and fittings of domestic civil aviation mostly depend on import.
In the last decade, through pre-research and model research, China has developed a plurality of high-performance structural steel stainless steels for aviation. Some maraging stainless steels, such as 04Cr13Ni8Mo2Al, have been successfully used to manufacture wing spars, which are important materials for the manufacture of critical components of aircraft girders, fasteners, landing gears, etc. used in harsh environmental conditions such as the ocean.
The heat treatment process is an important means for determining the mechanical property and other properties of steel, and the current development of the maraging stainless steel also faces a prominent problem that the toughness matching is not excellent enough, so that the important theoretical significance and application value are achieved by researching how to improve the toughness index while ensuring the high strength of the maraging stainless steel.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provides a heat treatment method of maraging stainless steel which can lead the maraging stainless steel to have better comprehensive mechanical property.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the heat treatment method of the maraging stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: less than or equal to 0.04 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Mn, Ni: 7% -9%, Cr: 12% -14%, Mo: 2% -3%, Al: 0.9 to 1.4 percent of iron and the balance of iron;
the heat treatment method comprises the following steps:
step A, calculating an equilibrium state phase diagram of the maraging stainless steel by utilizing Thermo-Calc thermodynamic calculation software to obtain the temperature of each phase when each phase is completely dissolved;
b, carrying out solution treatment on the maraging stainless steel for 30-60 min at the temperature calculated in the step A, and air-cooling to room temperature;
step C, in order to obtain single fine grain austenite structure, in the higher than AC3The temperature of the solution is 40-60 ℃, and the solution is repeatedly treated by solution, and the solution is cooled to room temperature;
d, performing cryogenic treatment in a cryogenic furnace, wherein the cryogenic temperature is-78 ℃ to-100 ℃, and the cryogenic time is 1h to 2 h;
and E, performing aging treatment at 510-540 ℃, and preserving heat for 3.5-4.5 h.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, carrying out solid solution treatment to fully dissolve precipitates in a matrix to achieve uniformity and consistency of chemical components, and then carrying out quick cooling to obtain a single or uniform martensite structure; while above AC to obtain a single fine grain austenitic structure3The temperature of the solution is 40-60 ℃ for repeated solution treatment; considering that the nickel or cobalt content of some maraging steel is higher, air cooling or water cooling can not ensure that austenite is completely transformed into martensite, the invention increases the cryogenic treatment link and reduces the content of residual austenite. And finally, a strengthening phase is precipitated on the martensite matrix during aging, so that the tensile strength of the steel is improved, and meanwhile, the plasticity and the toughness are maintained at higher levels.
The production practice proves that: the 04Cr13Ni8Mo2Al maraging stainless steel produced by the invention has better comprehensive mechanical property, uniform longitudinal and transverse mechanical properties, yield strength of both longitudinal and transverse mechanical properties of 1450-1570 MPa, tensile strength of 1540-1570MPa and elongation of 11-13%.
Detailed Description
The following further illustrates embodiments of the invention by means of specific examples.
Example 1:
the grade number of the steel is 04Cr13Ni8Mo2Al, and the maraging steel stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.03%, Si: 0.08%, Mn: 0.12%, Ni: 8.0%, Cr: 13.2%, Mo: 2.5%, Al: 1.1 percent and the balance of iron.
The heat treatment method comprises the following steps:
step A, calculating an equilibrium state phase diagram of the martensitic stainless steel by utilizing Thermo-Calc thermodynamic calculation software, and determining that the solid solution temperature is 927 ℃;
b, carrying out solution treatment on the maraging stainless steel for 60min at the temperature calculated in the step A, and air-cooling to room temperature;
step C, in order to obtain single fine grain austenite structure, in the higher than AC3Temperature condition of 40 ℃ (AC)3Carrying out repeated solution treatment at the temperature of 790 ℃, and air-cooling to room temperature;
d, performing cryogenic treatment in a cryogenic furnace, wherein the cryogenic temperature is-90 ℃, and the cryogenic time is 1.5 h;
and E, performing aging treatment at 510 ℃ and preserving heat for 4 hours.
Through detection, the content of the retained austenite in the tissue obtained in the example 1 is only 0.54 +/-0.14, the longitudinal yield strength is 1469MPa, the tensile strength is 1558MPa, the elongation is 12 percent, and the impact energy is 65J; the transverse yield strength is 1463MPa, the tensile strength is 1552MPa, the elongation is 11.5 percent, and the impact energy is 60J.
Example 2:
the grade number of the steel is 04Cr13Ni8Mo2Al, and the maraging steel stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.03%, Si: 0.08%, Mn: 0.12%, Ni: 8.0%, Cr: 13.2%, Mo: 2.5%, Al: 1.1 percent and the balance of iron.
The heat treatment method comprises the following steps:
step A, calculating an equilibrium state phase diagram of the martensitic stainless steel by utilizing Thermo-Calc thermodynamic calculation software, and determining that the solid solution temperature is 927 ℃;
b, carrying out solution treatment on the maraging stainless steel for 60min at the temperature calculated in the step A, and air-cooling to room temperature;
step C, in order to obtain single fine grain austenite structure, in the higher than AC3Temperature condition of 60 ℃ (AC)3Carrying out repeated solution treatment at the temperature of 790 ℃, and air-cooling to room temperature;
d, performing cryogenic treatment in a cryogenic furnace, wherein the cryogenic temperature is-90 ℃, and the cryogenic time is 1.5 h;
and E, aging treatment at 540 ℃, and heat preservation for 4 hours.
Through detection, the content of the retained austenite in the tissue obtained in the example 2 is only 0.51 +/-0.18, the longitudinal yield strength is 1458MPa, the tensile strength is 1545MPa, the elongation is 13%, and the impact energy is 67J; the transverse yield strength is 1452MPa, the tensile strength is 1540MPa, the elongation is 12.5 percent, and the impact energy is 62J.
Comparative example 1:
the grade number of the steel is 04Cr13Ni8Mo2Al, and the maraging steel stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.03%, Si: 0.08%, Mn: 0.12%, Ni: 8.0%, Cr: 13.2%, Mo: 2.5%, Al: 1.1 percent and the balance of iron.
The heat treatment method comprises the following steps:
step A, calculating an equilibrium state phase diagram of the martensitic stainless steel by utilizing Thermo-Calc thermodynamic calculation software, and determining that the solid solution temperature is 927 ℃;
b, carrying out solution treatment on the maraging stainless steel for 60min at the temperature calculated in the step A, and air-cooling to room temperature;
step C, carrying out cryogenic treatment in a cryogenic furnace, wherein the cryogenic temperature is-90 ℃, and the cryogenic time is 1.5 h;
and D, aging treatment at 540 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 4 hours.
Through detection, the content of the retained austenite in the structure obtained in the comparative example 1 is 0.60 +/-0.2, the longitudinal yield strength is 1372MPa, the tensile strength is 1418MPa, the elongation is 13%, and the impact energy is 67J; transverse yield strength of 1339MPa, tensile strength of 1381MPa, elongation of 9.5 percent and impact energy of 50J.
Comparative example 2:
the grade number of the steel is 04Cr13Ni8Mo2Al, and the maraging steel stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.03%, Si: 0.08%, Mn: 0.12%, Ni: 8.0%, Cr: 13.2%, Mo: 2.5%, Al: 1.1 percent and the balance of iron.
The heat treatment method comprises the following steps:
step A, calculating an equilibrium state phase diagram of the martensitic stainless steel by utilizing Thermo-Calc thermodynamic calculation software, and determining that the solid solution temperature is 927 ℃;
b, carrying out solution treatment on the maraging stainless steel for 60min at the temperature calculated in the step A, and air-cooling to room temperature;
step C, in order to obtain single fine grain austenite structure, in the higher than AC3Temperature condition of 60 ℃ (AC)3Carrying out repeated solution treatment at the temperature of 790 ℃, and air-cooling to room temperature;
and D, aging treatment at 540 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 4 hours.
Through detection, the content of the retained austenite in the tissue obtained in the comparative example 2 is 12.9 +/-0.15, the longitudinal yield strength is 1277MPa, the tensile strength is 1316MPa, the elongation is 13.5 percent, and the impact energy is 68J; the transverse yield strength is 1262MPa, the tensile strength is 1301MPa, the elongation is 10 percent, and the impact energy is 53J.
Claims (2)
1. The heat treatment method of the maraging stainless steel is characterized by comprising the following steps: the maraging stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: less than or equal to 0.04 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Mn, Ni: 7% -9%, Cr: 12% -14%, Mo: 2% -3%, Al: 0.9 to 1.4 percent of iron and the balance of iron;
the heat treatment method comprises the following steps:
step A, calculating an equilibrium state phase diagram of the maraging stainless steel by utilizing Thermo-Calc thermodynamic calculation software to obtain the temperature of each phase when each phase is completely dissolved;
b, carrying out solution treatment on the maraging stainless steel for 30-60 min at the temperature calculated in the step A, and air-cooling to room temperature;
step C, carrying out cryogenic treatment in a cryogenic furnace, wherein the cryogenic temperature is-78 ℃ to-100 ℃, and the cryogenic time is 1h to 2 h;
and D, carrying out aging treatment at 500-540 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 3.5-4.5 h.
2. The method of heat treating maraging stainless steel as set forth in claim 1, wherein: after air-cooling to room temperature in step B, the temperature is higher than AC3The temperature of the solution is 40-60 ℃, and then the solution is repeatedly treated by air cooling to the room temperature.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116065101A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-05-05 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | Cobalt-free steel, preparation method and application |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113186462A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-07-30 | 钢铁研究总院 | High-strength Cr-Ni-Co-Mo stainless steel for ultralow temperature and toughening heat treatment method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113186462A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-07-30 | 钢铁研究总院 | High-strength Cr-Ni-Co-Mo stainless steel for ultralow temperature and toughening heat treatment method |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116065101A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-05-05 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | Cobalt-free steel, preparation method and application |
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