CN113981012B - 一种利用纸浆生产废弃物联产沼气和生物有机肥的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用纸浆生产废弃物联产沼气和生物有机肥的方法,其特征在于:将粪便与纸浆生产过程中产生的固废和/或液废进行混合,直接进行发酵制备沼气,发酵完成后,固液分离获得沼液和沼渣,沼液作为液体生物有机肥直接使用,沼渣进行堆肥处理获得固体生物有机肥。本申请突破纤维生产固废和液废难处理的瓶颈,实现了生产过程废弃物的清洁处理和资源化利用。该发明所创造的纸浆生产废弃物厌氧发酵过程,沼气发生量明显好于常规方法,同时所制备的液体和固体有机肥各指标均能达到国家标准。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纸浆生产废弃物的清洁处理和高效利用技术领域,具体涉及一种利用纸浆生产废弃物联产沼气和生物有机肥的方法。
背景技术
随着社会的进步,人们对纸的需求量越来越大,其中包括文化用纸、生活用纸、瓦楞纸、箱板纸等,年消耗量超过1亿吨,并且逐年呈上升趋势。但是,我国制浆原料严重依赖进口,对外依赖度高达50%,每年进口废纸浆超过3000万吨,对民经济和国家安全国造成了一定威胁。
化学机械法制浆是纸用纤维生产的重要途径,其具有得率高、反应条件温和、用药量少等优点,能够缓解禁废令带来的制浆原料短缺问题,因而成为研究热点。与化学法类似,机械法生产纤维过程包括植物纤维原料预处理、洗涤汽蒸、TSPI 挤压、预浸渍、高浓磨解、高浓洗涤等步骤,最终获得目标纤维,在植物纤维原料预处理过程中会产生制浆固废,主要为树枝、树皮等(树木为原料时)和草叶、草皮(小麦、稻草等为原料时),在汽蒸过程中会产生液废汽蒸液(弱酸性,成分含有葡萄糖、木糖等可发酵性糖),在高浓洗涤过程中会产生液废高浓洗涤液(弱酸性,成分含有葡萄糖、木糖等可发酵性糖),这些固体废弃物通常采用焚烧方法处理,而废液往往采用厌氧发酵结合芬顿深度氧化,处理成本较高,并且制浆废液中大量碳水化合物没有得到有效利用,造成了资源浪费。因此,如何清洁处理和高效利用这些固废和液废,是摆在人们面前亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
针对现有纸浆生产固废和液废处理成本高和碳水化合物利用效率低的问题,本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种利用纸浆生产废弃物联产沼气和生物有机肥的方法,具有清洁处理和高效利用等优势。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种利用纸浆生产废弃物联产沼气和生物有机肥的方法,将粪便与纸浆生产过程中产生的固废和/或液废进行混合,直接进行发酵制备沼气,发酵完成后,固液分离获得沼液和沼渣,沼液作为液体生物有机肥直接使用,沼渣进行堆肥处理获得固体生物有机肥。
所述的利用纸浆生产废弃物联产沼气和生物有机肥的方法,将纸浆生产产生的备料废弃物和废液混合,并补充畜禽粪便,使体系固形物浓度为5-10%,调节体系pH为7.8-8.4,并密封进行厌氧发酵。
所述的利用纸浆生产废弃物联产沼气和生物有机肥的方法,厌氧发酵温度为 35-40℃,时间为30-60d。
所述的利用纸浆生产废弃物联产沼气和生物有机肥的方法,沼渣在20-30℃下进行堆肥10-15d,之后干燥获得固体生物有机肥。
所述的利用纸浆生产废弃物联产沼气和生物有机肥的方法,步骤如下:
1)将纸浆产生的汽蒸液和高浓洗浆液混合,加入畜禽粪便,使得体系固形物浓度5-10%,调节pH值至7.8-8.4,密封后于35-40℃下厌氧发酵30-60d,发酵过程收集沼气;
2)发酵结束后,固液分离,获得沼渣和沼液;沼渣经堆肥10-15d后风干,获得固体生物有机肥;沼液则为液态有机肥。
所述的利用纸浆生产废弃物联产沼气和生物有机肥的方法,步骤如下:
1)将纸浆产生的备料废弃物,加入畜禽粪便混合,使得体系固形物浓度 5-10%,调节pH值至7.8-8.4,密封后于35-40℃下厌氧发酵30-60d,发酵过程收集沼气;
2)发酵结束后,固液分离,获得沼渣和沼液;沼渣经堆肥10-15d后风干,获得固体生物有机肥;沼液则为液态有机肥。
所述的利用纸浆生产废弃物联产沼气和生物有机肥的方法,步骤如下:
1)将纸浆产生的备料废弃物、汽蒸液和高浓洗浆液,加入畜禽粪便混合,使得体系固形物浓度5-10%,调节pH值至7.8-8.4,密封后于35-40℃下厌氧发酵30-60d,发酵过程收集沼气;
2)发酵结束后,固液分离,获得沼渣和沼液;沼渣经堆肥10-15d后风干,获得固体生物有机肥;沼液则为液态有机肥。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明采用纸浆生产产生的废液为媒介,代替传统生物沼气生产中的水,进行发酵,可在实现纸浆生产废水处理的同时,充分利用其中的碳水化合物,在纸浆生产废液清洁处理的同时,实现了其资源化利用;同时,在厌氧发酵中补充适量备料废弃物,实现了制浆固废和液废的综合利用。通过该法,沼气发生量明显高于常规方法;同时,所生产的有机肥中有效活菌数、有机质含量以及pH等指标均达到国家规定标准,是一种新型的生物有机肥制备方法。
附图说明
图1是本申请的工艺流程图;
图2是本申请工艺产沼气发生量结果图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步阐述。实施例实为说明而非限制本发明。本领域中任何普通科技人员能够理解这些实施例不以任何方式限制本发明,可做适当的修改而不违背本发明的实质和偏离本发明的范围。
现有的沼气制备工艺,一般都是直接将畜禽粪便,加入或不加入农业生产废弃物,并加入新鲜的水进行混合,调节发酵体系,然后进行沼气发酵制备,这种方式会使用大量的水(固含量通常低于10%),增加了畜禽粪便处理成本,也增加了沼气生产成本,并不是完全的节能减排低成本绿色工艺。与此同时,纸浆制备过程中会产生大量的固废(备料废弃物)以及大量的液废(汽蒸液、高浓洗涤浆废液),均需要单独进行处理,不仅造成大量的资源浪费,也给生产增加了很多成本。针对上述问题,申请人通过研究发现,将机械法纸浆生产与沼气生产结合,采用生物沼气发酵工艺处理纸浆生产中的固废和液废,可在废弃物处理的同时,获得大量沼气,同时收获生物有机肥,该工艺可为纸浆生产废弃物资源化利用和清洁处理提供新思路。
本申请的工艺流程如图1所示,具体的新工艺包括以下三个方案:
1、直接使用液废替代沼气生产中使用的水
该工艺的主要步骤如下:
1)将纸浆产生的汽蒸液和高浓洗浆液混合,加入畜禽粪便,不需要增加使用新鲜的水,使得体系固形物浓度5-10%,调节pH值至7.8-8.4,体系C/N为20-30,密封后于35-40℃下厌氧发酵30-60d,发酵过程收集沼气;
2)发酵结束后,固液分离,获得沼渣和沼液;沼渣在20-30℃下进行堆肥 10-15d后风干,获得固体生物有机肥;沼液则为液态有机肥。
2、直接使用固废进行沼气生产
该工艺的主要步骤如下:
1)将纸浆产生的备料废弃物,加入畜禽粪便混合,同时补充水,使得体系固形物浓度5-10%,调节pH值至7.8-8.4,体系C/N为25,密封后于35-40℃下厌氧发酵30-60d,发酵过程收集沼气;
2)发酵结束后,固液分离,获得沼渣和沼液;沼渣在20-30℃下进行堆肥 10-15d后风干,获得固体生物有机肥;沼液则为液态有机肥。
3、直接使用液废替代沼气生产中使用的水,且加入固废进行同步处理
该工艺的主要步骤如下:
1)将纸浆产生的备料废弃物、汽蒸液和高浓洗浆液,加入畜禽粪便混合,使得体系固形物浓度5-10%,调节pH值至7.8-8.4,体系C/N为25,密封后于 35-40℃下厌氧发酵30-60d,发酵过程收集沼气;
2)发酵结束后,固液分离,获得沼渣和沼液;沼渣经堆肥10-15d后风干,获得固体生物有机肥;沼液则为液态有机肥。
实施例1
一种利用纸浆生产废弃物联产沼气和生物有机肥的方法,步骤如下:
1)将纤维化学机械法制备所生产的汽蒸液和高浓洗出液混合(混合液的主要技术参数如表1所示),取1000L混合液,并补充适量稻草备料废弃物,使体系固形物浓度为10%,并加入适量鸡粪,调节C/N为22,加入相当于体积0.5%的发酵原液,调节pH为8.0后密封置于38℃下发酵60天,期间收集沼气。(
表1制浆废液pH值和各碳水化合物含量
pH | 葡萄糖(g/L) | 木糖(g/L) | 低聚糖(g/L) | |
汽蒸液 | 6.3 | 0.45 | 0.68 | 2.03 |
高浓洗浆液 | 7.0 | 0.73 | 1.56 | 6.38 |
混合液 | 6.5 | 0.62 | 1.13 | 4.37 |
在纸浆生产过程中,产生汽蒸液和高浓洗浆液等废液,废液的组成和性质如表1所示。由表1可知,汽蒸液和高浓洗出液的pH均为弱酸性,分别为6.3和 7.0,这主要是因为高温下半纤维素中乙酰基脱落形成乙酸。在高温和弱酸性环境下,稻草纤维素和半纤维素部分降解,降解产物主要以单糖和低聚物形式存在,其中汽蒸液中碳水化合物含量较低,分别为葡萄糖0.45g/L、木糖0.68g/L和低聚糖2.03g/L;高浓洗出液中碳水化合物含量明显升高,其中低聚物含量高达6.38g/L,葡萄糖和木糖浓度分别为0.73g/L和1.56g/L,这主要是因为氢氧化钠的润涨作用,使得半纤维素部分降解。将上述制浆废液混合后,混合液中各参数为:pH6.5、葡萄糖0.62g/L、木糖1.13g/L和低聚糖4.37g/L。
纤维生产废液厌氧发酵过程,沼气发生量如图2所示。从图2中可以看出,利用纤维生产废液进行沼气发酵显著,产气量上升迅速。产气速度方面,前一周为菌种适应期,该过程产气量较低;在经过菌种适应期后,产气量逐渐上升,并且在第40天达到峰值285.4L/天,之后产气量保持较为稳定水平,该过程持续 10d;之后产气量逐渐降低,表明体系中碳水化合物逐渐耗尽。与传统工艺采用水为介质相比,本工艺的日产气量明显更高,这主要是因为纤维生产废液中富含低分子量碳水化合物,甲烷菌能够直接利用,因而产气效率高。
2)发酵结束后,固液分离,获得沼渣和渣液,沼渣在30℃下10d堆肥后,进行风干,获得固体有机肥;沼液则为液态有机肥。
表2沼液中重金属和有机质含量
指标 | 本产品含量 | 国家标准 |
总砷(g/L) | 0.004 | 0.01 |
总汞(g/L) | 0.003 | 0.005 |
总铅(g/L) | 0.035 | 0.05 |
总铬(g/L) | 0.035 | 0.05 |
腐殖质(%) | 3.7 | 3.0 |
申请人检测了沼液中常见重金属和腐殖质含量,结果如表2所示。由表2可知,沼液中总砷、总汞、总铅和总铬含量分别为0.004、0.003、0.035和0.035g/L,其含量低于国家标准(NY 1110-2010水溶肥料汞、砷、镉、铅、铬的限量要求);此外,沼液中腐殖质含量为3.7%,高于国家标准3.0%。结果表明采用本发明产生的液体有机肥安全性达到国家标准,同时富含植物生长所需的腐殖质。
表3固体有机肥指标含量
指标 | 本产品含量 | 国家标准 |
有效活菌数(cfu) | 0.31 | 0.2 |
有机质(%) | 47.0 | 25 |
水分(%) | 13.0 | 15 |
pH | 7.4 | 5.5-8.5 |
蛔虫卵死亡率(%) | 99.0 | >98 |
经过本发明步骤,获得的固体有机肥各指标如表3所示。由表3可知,有机肥含水仅为13.0%,同时有机质含量高达47.0%,远高于国家标准(NY 884-2012 《生物有机肥》)的25%;由于本有机肥采用厌氧发酵法制备,其有效活菌数达到0.31cfu,高于国家标准的0.2cfu,表明所制备的有机肥能够有效提高土壤肥力,减少化肥使用量。此外,因厌氧发酵体系pH值为8.1,所得有机肥pH与之接近,为7.4;同时,其蛔虫卵死亡率达到99.0%,表明有机肥对土壤污染小。综上,本有机肥各主要指标均达到国家标准,具有替代市场上常用有机肥的潜力。
Claims (1)
1.一种利用纸浆生产废弃物联产沼气和生物有机肥的方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
1)将纤维化学机械法制备所生产的汽蒸液和高浓洗出液混合,并补充稻草备料废弃物,使体系固形物浓度为10%,并加入鸡粪,调节C/N为22,加入相当于体积0.5%的发酵原液,调节pH为8.0后密封置于38℃下发酵60天,期间收集沼气;
2)发酵结束后,固液分离,获得沼渣和渣液,沼渣在30℃下10d堆肥后,进行风干,获得固体有机肥;沼液则为液态有机肥。
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