CN113976603A - In-situ soil remediation process for treating underground water based on multilayer reaction wall technology - Google Patents
In-situ soil remediation process for treating underground water based on multilayer reaction wall technology Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/002—Reclamation of contaminated soil involving in-situ ground water treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/06—Contaminated groundwater or leachate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2203/006—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage details of construction, e.g. specially adapted seals, modules, connections
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/16—Regeneration of sorbents, filters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
Abstract
The invention relates to an in-situ soil remediation process for treating underground water based on a multilayer reaction wall technology, which comprises the following steps of: 1) starting a soil remediation task; 2) establishing a separation wall and a separation water guide facility; 3) treating underground water by utilizing a multilayer reaction wall technology; 4) the special design of the reaction wall; 5) circulating the carbon adsorption slurry; 6) a third layer of filter wall; 7) continuous treatment process of pollutant carbon mud; 8) and (3) a mode of discharging the inorganic ash. The invention has the advantages that: the system solves the problems of difficult treatment of the residual biochemical sludge and serious problem that the carbon-based adsorbent can only adsorb and cannot remove pollutants in the soil treatment, the carbon sludge slurry is regenerated and recycled, the source of the regenerated heat energy can be self-sufficient, dangerous refractory organic matters and other pollutants are thoroughly destroyed in the system, the system can be directly used for on-site backfill, the device is simple to operate and control, and is provided with an SIS one-key parking system, so that the automation degree is high, and the requirements of safe, reliable and long-period operation are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, in particular to an in-situ soil remediation process for treating underground water based on a multilayer reaction wall technology.
Background
Most of pollutants in the field of soil remediation refer to poisonous and harmful organic pollutants which are extremely difficult to degrade, such as polychlorinated biphenyl, chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon, coal tar, vinyl chloride and other chemical pollutants, and the residual components of the pollutants have great harm to human and animals and the environment. The reaction wall technology related by the invention refers to an underground hidden wall structure (PRB for short) with adsorption and reaction capabilities, and the PRB has two basic structures, namely (1) a water-proof funnel water guide door type structure. The structure is suitable for burying large-scale underground water pollution pinnate bodies, and the underground water passes through a smaller osmotic reaction door, so that the structure has the advantages that the filling amount of reaction media is reduced, and the defect is that the flow field of natural underground water is interfered; (2) a continuous wall type structure. When the plume for groundwater pollution is small, the wall body is perpendicular to the migration path of the polluted plume, and the width and the depth of the whole plume are transversely cut.
The common feature of the two structures is that active material is added into the reaction wall to establish an adsorption or redox reaction grid, and the medium is adsorbent, such as zeolite, granular activated carbon, iron hydroxide, clay mineral, etc. The most commonly used material is metallic iron powder or scrap iron or zero-valent iron, and the system can easily reach an adsorption saturation state when the system is in actual operation and the underground water body continuously flows, and the oxidation reduction reaction is instantly carried out, so that the treatment effect is instant and effective, the treatment effect can reach technical indexes in a short time, but the treatment effect is difficult to maintain for a long time due to the existence of the desorption state after saturation and the inability of the oxidation reduction reaction. In the field of soil remediation, some subsequent improvement methods are to use a medium with stronger adsorption capacity to be mixed with other common materials (such as iron powder), but the enhanced treatment effect is short-term, and the existing treatment methods cannot solve the pollution backtracking phenomenon caused by the back diffusion and the back diffusion in the soil permeability. For example, after a high permeability sand bed contaminant is treated, contaminant back-diffusion of low permeability layer contaminants to high permeability layers occurs. Therefore, the phenomenon that pollution indexes return again in a short period of time is common, and the instant treatment effect is achieved when all existing soil remediation technologies are used practically. The materials used in the method are all disposable, and the unit price is extremely expensive. Resulting in extremely high costs for soil remediation.
Inorganic adsorbents such as activated carbon, diatomite and montmorillonite have long history of being used for sewage treatment, have been applied from the last century, adsorb organic or inorganic pollutants which are difficult to biodegrade through the physical characteristics of high specific surface area and high porosity, and can be used for removing characteristic pollutants in gas besides water. The active carbon adsorbent for sewage treatment has the characteristics of large adsorption capacity, high adsorption speed and good mechanical strength. The activated carbon adsorbent has the functions of effectively deodorizing and decoloring and effectively removing toxic and harmful substances in the center of water quality, and is widely applied to the aspects of gas purification, waste gas treatment, industrial water purification, solvent recovery treatment and the like
The wet oxidation (WAO) method is an advanced environmental protection technology for treating high-concentration organic wastewater which is developed internationally in the middle of the 70 th 20 th century on the basis of the WAO method, and is characterized in that organic matters and ammonia in wastewater are respectively oxidized and decomposed into harmless substances such as CO2, H2O and N2 and easily-biodegradable organic matters through air oxidation under the action of certain temperature and pressure, and then the organic matters and the ammonia are combined with a biochemical unit to achieve the purpose of purification. The WAO method has the characteristics of high purification efficiency, simple flow, small occupied area and the like, and has wide industrial application prospect. The WAO method is suitable for treating various organic wastewater containing high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) or compounds which can not be degraded by a biochemical method (such as ammonia nitrogen, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and the like) in industries such as coking, dyes, pesticides, printing and dyeing, petrifaction, leather and the like.
In summary, 1, after soil is polluted, pollutants often permeate into a groundwater system along with the time, and the long-term retention period of the pollutants entering underground water is also very long due to the strong adsorption capacity of the soil, so that the problems can be solved temporarily by the conventional rapid treatment method, but the pollutants reappear along with the time extension, so that the treatment of the underground water polluted by the soil can meet the requirements only by a long-term effective technology. 2. In addition, the chemical substances which usually pollute the soil are all in the structure of macromolecules and multiple carbon long chains. Such as coal tar, chloroethylene, polychlorinated biphenyl, virulent herbicides of pesticide plants, bactericides and the like, antibiotics of the pesticide plants and phosphine oxychloride, which are characterized by being toxic, harmful, difficult to volatilize and complex in chemical species in the nature, so when chemical substances enter an environmental water body, the damage caused by the chemical substances is serious, the problem that the chemical pollutants cannot be completely solved only by a biochemical method, an oxidation-reduction method, a membrane method and the like commonly used by common sewage is solved, or the problem is solved and new pollutants are brought, and the method needs to be solved by adopting a physical and chemical method to provide C-C bonds, C-H bonds and C-N bonds. . . The chemical structure of the pollutant is destroyed completely by the open-loop bond energy of the chemical pollutant, and the chemical property of the pollutant is changed into small molecular substances which do not harm to the natural environment, such as gas phase substances of CO2, H2O, N2 and the like or liquid substances which can carry out environmental natural degradation, such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, small molecular alcohols and the like. Comprehensive evaluation, the wet oxidation method is a suitable technology which can meet the requirements, but the industrial continuous WAO device has higher operation cost and large device and cannot be applied on site.
How to thoroughly solve the long-term pollution treatment problem and chemical pollution in soil remediation and solve the problem that pollution indexes are never rebounded together is the original purpose for developing the technology. The continuity of heavy pollution treatment with low cost by adopting a multilayer reaction wall process and the solution of the treatment cost by adopting an EFET-WAO oxidation regeneration method treatment process can simultaneously realize the two key targets, which are two keys of the process which need key protection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an in-situ soil remediation process for treating underground water based on a multilayer reaction wall technology, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the soil remediation task begins: after the polluted soil is subjected to geological survey, the pollution range and the pollution depth are determined, the pollution area and the distribution characteristics are defined, and after the soil treatment scheme is determined, the underground water treatment scheme is determined according to the geological survey result;
2) establishing a separation wall and a separation water guide facility: after the polluted water range is determined in the geological exploration, four-side isolation walls are made, mutual diffusion (forward diffusion and backward diffusion) of pollution in two types of soil layers and continuous release of pollution in soil to a water body are blocked through intervention (modes of injecting colloid substances and the like) on a high permeable layer and a low permeable layer of soil in the isolation walls, and a diversion well needs to be arranged at the isolation wall upstream of water in a polluted area; and a multilayer reaction wall is established on the vertical cross section of the downstream underground water layer of the polluted area, so that the way of the polluted water migrating to the downstream environment is blocked;
3) treating underground water by utilizing a multilayer reaction wall technology: the method comprises the following steps that a multilayer reaction wall is arranged at the vertical cross section of incoming water of a downstream isolation wall, the downstream polluted water is introduced into a first layer of aeration adsorption reaction wall of the multilayer reaction wall, the filler in the reaction wall determines that adsorption materials comprise but are not limited to carbon adsorption materials, ion complexing agents and other components according to the properties of the incoming water, the incoming water is added with carbon adsorbents, aerobic biochemical treatment is carried out through an aeration unit, a muddy water mixed water body meeting the retention time enters a clarification concentration unit wall through overflow, sewage standing and sludge concentration are carried out again, and the unit equipment comprises a plurality of mud pumps, a submersible backflow pipeline and a plurality of agent injection pumps; the upper water body of the second layer of clarification concentration reaction wall overflows into a third reaction wall: a filter wall;
4) the special design of the reaction wall: the arrangement mode of the air nozzles in the first reaction wall and the size and the depth of the open pores of the reaction wall are determined according to the depth and the pollution area of the underground water layer, the internal structure of the reaction wall can adopt a double-layer structure, and the structural design is determined according to the combination tightness and the form of pollutants contained in the soil layer and the soil. The volume of the reaction wall is determined by calculating the flow of the polluted water;
5) circulation of carbon adsorption slurry: carbon adsorption slurry overflows into the second reaction wall through the first reaction wall, and enters the first reaction wall again through a reflux pump after being precipitated for proportional reflux so as to give full play to the adsorption activity of the carbon adsorbent and the biochemical activity of the carbon sludge until the carbon adsorption sludge after being adsorbed and saturated is lifted out by a slurry pump in the second reaction wall and enters an EFET-WAO mixing unit on the ground; the mud-water mixture (carbon mud for short, in the form of liquid with the viscosity of about 100cp, at this time, the water is carbon mud adsorption water) meeting a certain mud-water ratio is sent to an EFET-WAO device for oxidation and regeneration treatment, and the reason for the mud-water ratio is that: the method is required for achieving the self-heating reaction of the EFET-WAO device in the next process, and the oxidation regeneration process can realize the self-sustaining of the regeneration reaction only when the mud-water ratio reaches a certain proportion (a certain value in the range of 2-10%), namely the reaction heat can meet the duration of the reaction process to achieve the maximum energy-saving requirement;
6) the third layer of filter wall filters the water overflowing from the second layer of reaction wall by adopting filter media of a liftable filter bed structure with integrally-filled fillers or other filter equipment to remove a small amount of residual suspended adsorption particles in the effluent, and the water is lifted by a pump to enter an upstream flow guide well after reaching the standard completely and is discharged into an environmental water system; note: the third layer of reaction wall is only a schematic structure, the fourth layer of reaction wall is not excluded in the design, and the essential design requirement is to carry out the final fine processing unit on the effect inspection of the pretreatment unit and the requirement on the environmental emission.
7) Continuous EFET-WAO treatment process of pollutant carbon sludge: the saturated carbon sludge from the carbon sludge water mixing tank is lifted by a pump to enter a waste carbon storage tank, is pressurized by a high-pressure pump, sequentially passes through a material inlet heat exchanger and a material outlet heat exchanger and a heater (is started for use after starting up and is stopped after running), is heated and then enters an EFET-WAO reactor, reacts with air or oxygen enriched air injected by an air compressor in the reactor, the carbon adsorbent in the waste carbon sludge is regenerated, the regenerated hot adsorbent and the cold feed carbon sludge exchange heat through the heat exchanger to enable the cold feed to reach the initial reaction temperature of the inlet of the reactor, simultaneously, the temperature of the discharged material is reduced, the discharged material after heat exchange is decompressed by a pressure control valve and enters an adsorbent regeneration storage tank, gas discharged from the top of the carbon adsorbent regeneration storage tank is washed by water spraying, is introduced into an aeration adsorption reaction wall by an air blower for aeration, the regenerated carbon adsorbent at the lower part of the carbon adsorbent regeneration storage tank is lifted by the pump to a Venturi carbon feeding device in the reaction wall to be fed into the reaction wall, controlling the flow of the regenerated adsorbent entering the system through a flow control valve, wherein the size and the concentration of the flow are determined in proportion according to the concentration of pollutants in the reaction wall;
8) discharge mode of EFET-WAO inorganic ash: part of ash generated in the process of treating polluted underground water is generated after sludge is thermally cracked, part of ash is ash generated after an adsorbent is regenerated and failed for many times, the part accounts for 10% of the total amount, and the part of ash generated by the EFET-WAO device is a nontoxic and harmless inorganic substance generated after high-temperature and high-pressure reaction and can be used as a reaction wall for in-situ landfill after being removed from the bottom of the EFET-WAO reactor.
As a preferred scheme, the separation wall is used for physically blocking the polluted soil and the environmental soil and the polluted water and the environmental water, and the interdiffusion of pollutants in the two soil layers and the continuous release of the internal blocking soil pollutants to the water are controlled by the intervention of a high permeable layer and a low permeable layer of the soil in the separation wall (the addition of different colloid adsorbents is matched with different stratum filling methods for use); the sewage in the polluted area is completely treated by establishing a blocking reaction wall on the vertical section of a downstream water layer of the polluted area.
As a preferable scheme, the multilayer reaction wall in the step 3) integrates multiple technologies such as physical adsorption, biochemical reaction, oxidation reduction, ion exchange and the like, and the treatment problem of different pollutants is solved through the arrangement and combination of the multilayer reaction wall, wherein the aeration adsorption wall is internally provided with aeration nozzles and carbon feeding pipelines which are arranged in groups, and the aeration nozzles are connected to an air blower on the ground; the carbon feeding pipeline is connected to the Venturi carbon feeding equipment on the ground, the aeration heads are arranged to create the effect of countercurrent or concurrent flow of an underground water layer, pollutants are gathered in the adsorption reaction wall to the maximum extent to achieve the purpose of collecting all the pollutants, the volume of the adsorption reaction wall is set after calculation according to parameters such as the amount of water, the residence time, the mud-water circulation ratio and the like, and the side wall opening of the aeration adsorption wall is determined according to the depth of the water layer.
Preferably, the adsorbent used in step 3) is a mixture of a primary adsorbent and a secondary adsorbent in proportion, wherein the primary adsorbent is a powdered activated carbon (with a certain particle size of nanometer or micron), and the method is characterized in that the matrix and adsorption performance of the carbon are in one-to-one correspondence with different pollutants. The secondary adsorbent is a substance having redox properties for metal ions.
As a preferable scheme, the oxidation regeneration process in the step 5) is to inject compressed air or oxygen-enriched air (the oxygen content is 21-30%) while the carbon sludge is input into the reactor, and the safety consideration that the oxygen-enriched air is adopted instead of pure oxygen is that the right characteristic is the applicable oxygen-enriched ratio. Oxidizing the sludge attached to the carbon-based adsorbent into carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water and other gases and inorganic ash under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, wherein the skeleton structure and the internal pores of the carbon-based adsorbent are not damaged, recovering the adsorption activity again, re-injecting and returning to the aeration adsorption wall for reuse, and the number of times of reuse is not less than 4.
As a preferred scheme, the EFET-WAO system skillfully utilizes the self heat value of the sludge to carry out oxidation heat release, and the full utilization of the oxidation reaction heat enables the treatment cost of pollutants in the whole soil remediation to be reduced by orders of magnitude. And the treatment mode of tail gas generated by the reaction adopts a mode of directly reinjecting the aeration adsorption reaction wall without exhausting the atmosphere, so that the advantage of no VOC exhaust in the environment is realized. The activated carbon adsorbent is treated by an EFET-WAO skid block device to obtain the cost-saving effect of recycling, the steps have the right characteristics that the polluted underground water is not directly treated, pollutants in the water are adsorbed, concentrated and converted into carbon mud with a calorific value, the final aim of low-cost in-situ soil underground water treatment is achieved, in the process, no waste gas is generated, no pollutants are discharged, and the advanced level of a clean and low-cost soil treatment process is achieved.
The invention has the advantages that: the method solves the problem of difficult disposal of the residual biochemical sludge, solves the major problem that the carbon-based adsorbent can only adsorb and cannot remove pollutants in the soil treatment, the carbon sludge slurry is directly regenerated and recycled on site without dehydration, the EFET-WAO regeneration heat energy source is waste carbon sludge containing organic matters, the heat can be self-sufficient, dangerous refractory organic matters and other pollutants can be thoroughly destroyed in the system, the loss rate of the activated carbon adsorbent is as low as 10 percent, the oxidation loss is less, the tail gas of the EFET-WAO device does not generate smoke particles, and the problems of NOx and SOx waste gas emission are avoided, the residual ash content generated by the WAO is not dangerous waste, the EFET-WAO device can be directly used for on-site backfill, the operation and the control of the EFET-WAO device are simple, an SIS one-key parking system is arranged, the automation degree is extremely high, and the safe and reliable long-period operation requirements are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the principle of adsorption and wet oxygen regeneration for treating heavily polluted water with low cost by adopting a multilayer reaction wall process.
FIG. 2 is a process flow of the present invention for the prying of saturated carbon sludge treatment.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
With reference to the attached drawing 1, the in-situ soil remediation process for treating underground water based on the multilayer reaction wall technology specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the soil remediation task begins: after the polluted soil is subjected to geological survey, the pollution range and the pollution depth are determined, the pollution area and the distribution characteristics are defined, and after the soil treatment scheme is determined, the underground water treatment scheme is determined according to the geological survey result;
2) establishing a separation wall and a separation water guide facility: after the polluted water range is determined in the geological exploration, four-side isolation walls are made, mutual diffusion (forward diffusion and backward diffusion) of pollution in two types of soil layers and continuous release of pollution in soil to a water body are blocked through intervention (modes of injecting colloid substances and the like) on a high permeable layer and a low permeable layer of soil in the isolation walls, and a diversion well needs to be arranged at the isolation wall upstream of water in a polluted area; and a multilayer reaction wall is established on the vertical cross section of the downstream underground water layer of the polluted area, so that the way of the polluted water migrating to the downstream environment is blocked;
3) treating underground water by utilizing a multilayer reaction wall technology: the method comprises the following steps that a multilayer reaction wall is arranged at the vertical cross section of incoming water of a downstream isolation wall, the downstream polluted water is introduced into a first layer of aeration adsorption reaction wall of the multilayer reaction wall, the filler in the reaction wall determines that adsorption materials comprise but are not limited to carbon adsorption materials, ion complexing agents and other components according to the properties of the incoming water, the incoming water is added with carbon adsorbents, aerobic biochemical treatment is carried out through an aeration unit, a muddy water mixed water body meeting the retention time enters a clarification concentration unit wall through overflow, sewage standing and sludge concentration are carried out again, and the unit equipment comprises a plurality of mud pumps, a submersible backflow pipeline and a plurality of agent injection pumps; the upper water body of the second layer of clarification concentration reaction wall overflows into a third reaction wall: a filter wall;
4) the special design of the reaction wall: the arrangement mode of the air nozzles in the first reaction wall and the size and the depth of the open pores of the reaction wall are determined according to the depth and the pollution area of the underground water layer, the internal structure of the reaction wall can adopt a double-layer structure, and the structural design is determined according to the combination tightness and the form of pollutants contained in the soil layer and the soil. The volume of the reaction wall is determined by calculating the flow of the polluted water;
5) circulation of carbon adsorption slurry: carbon adsorption slurry overflows into the second reaction wall through the first reaction wall, and enters the first reaction wall again through a reflux pump after being precipitated for proportional reflux so as to give full play to the adsorption activity of the carbon adsorbent and the biochemical activity of the carbon sludge until the carbon adsorption sludge after being adsorbed and saturated is lifted out by a slurry pump in the second reaction wall and enters an EFET-WAO mixing unit on the ground; the mud-water mixture (carbon mud for short, in the form of liquid with the viscosity of about 100cp, at this time, the water is carbon mud adsorption water) meeting a certain mud-water ratio is sent to an EFET-WAO device for oxidation and regeneration treatment, and the reason for the mud-water ratio is that: the method is required for achieving the self-heating reaction of the EFET-WAO device in the next process, and the oxidation regeneration process can realize the self-sustaining of the regeneration reaction only when the mud-water ratio reaches a certain proportion (a certain value in the range of 2-10%), namely the reaction heat can meet the duration of the reaction process to achieve the maximum energy-saving requirement;
6) the third layer of filter wall filters the water overflowing from the second layer of reaction wall by adopting filter media of a liftable filter bed structure with integrally-filled fillers or other filter equipment to remove a small amount of residual suspended adsorption particles in the effluent, and the water is lifted by a pump to enter an upstream flow guide well after reaching the standard completely and is discharged into an environmental water system; note: the third layer of reaction wall is only a schematic structure, the fourth layer of reaction wall is not excluded in the design, and the essential design requirement is to carry out the final fine processing unit on the effect inspection of the pretreatment unit and the requirement on the environmental emission.
7) Continuous EFET-WAO treatment process of pollutant carbon sludge: the saturated carbon sludge from the carbon sludge water mixing tank is lifted by a pump to enter a waste carbon storage tank, is pressurized by a high-pressure pump, sequentially passes through a material inlet heat exchanger and a material outlet heat exchanger and a heater (is started for use after starting up and is stopped after running), is heated and then enters an EFET-WAO reactor, reacts with air or oxygen enriched air injected by an air compressor in the reactor, the carbon adsorbent in the waste carbon sludge is regenerated, the regenerated hot adsorbent and the cold feed carbon sludge exchange heat through the heat exchanger to enable the cold feed to reach the initial reaction temperature of the inlet of the reactor, simultaneously, the temperature of the discharged material is reduced, the discharged material after heat exchange is decompressed by a pressure control valve and enters an adsorbent regeneration storage tank, gas discharged from the top of the carbon adsorbent regeneration storage tank is washed by water spraying, is introduced into an aeration adsorption reaction wall by an air blower for aeration, the regenerated carbon adsorbent at the lower part of the carbon adsorbent regeneration storage tank is lifted by the pump to a Venturi carbon feeding device in the reaction wall to be fed into the reaction wall, controlling the flow of the regenerated adsorbent entering the system through a flow control valve, wherein the size and the concentration of the flow are determined in proportion according to the concentration of pollutants in the reaction wall;
8) discharge mode of EFET-WAO inorganic ash: part of ash generated in the process of treating polluted underground water is generated after sludge is thermally cracked, part of ash is ash generated after an adsorbent is regenerated and failed for many times, the part accounts for 10% of the total amount, and the part of ash generated by the EFET-WAO device is a nontoxic and harmless inorganic substance generated after high-temperature and high-pressure reaction and can be used as a reaction wall for in-situ landfill after being removed from the bottom of the EFET-WAO reactor.
The separation wall is used for physically blocking the polluted soil and the environmental soil and the polluted water body from the environmental water body, and the mutual diffusion of pollutants in the two soil layers and the continuous release of the internal blocking soil pollutants to the water body are controlled through the intervention (adding colloid adsorbents) of a high permeable layer and a low permeable layer of the soil in the separation wall; the sewage in the polluted area is completely treated by establishing a blocking reaction wall on the vertical section of a downstream water layer of the polluted area.
The multilayer reaction wall in the step 3) integrates various technologies such as physical adsorption, biochemical reaction, oxidation reduction and the like, and the treatment problem of different pollutants is solved through the arrangement and combination of the multilayer reaction wall, wherein the aeration adsorption wall is internally provided with aeration nozzles and carbon feeding pipelines which are arranged in groups, and the aeration nozzles are connected to an air blower on the ground; the carbon feeding pipeline is connected to the Venturi carbon feeding equipment on the ground, the aeration heads are arranged to create the effect of countercurrent or concurrent flow of an underground water layer, pollutants are gathered in the adsorption reaction wall to the maximum extent to achieve the purpose of collecting all the pollutants, the volume of the adsorption reaction wall is set after calculation according to parameters such as the amount of water, the residence time, the mud-water circulation ratio and the like, and the side wall opening of the aeration adsorption wall is determined according to the depth of the water layer.
The adsorbent used in the step 3) is prepared by mixing a main adsorbent and an auxiliary adsorbent in proportion, wherein the main adsorbent is powder final-stage activated carbon (with a certain particle size of nanometer or micron), and the auxiliary adsorbent is a substance having redox characteristics on metal ions.
The oxidation regeneration process in the step 5) comprises the steps of injecting compressed air or oxygen-enriched air (the oxygen content is 21-30%) while conveying the carbon sludge into the reactor, oxidizing the sludge attached to the carbon-based adsorbent into carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water and other gases and inorganic ash under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, recovering the adsorption activity again without damaging the skeleton structure and the internal pores of the carbon-based adsorbent, and injecting and returning the carbon-based adsorbent to the aeration adsorption wall for reuse, wherein the number of times of reuse is not less than 4.
The EFET-WAO system skillfully utilizes the self heat value of the sludge to carry out oxidation heat release, and the full utilization of the oxidation reaction heat enables the treatment cost of pollutants in the whole soil remediation to be reduced by orders of magnitude. And the treatment mode of tail gas generated by the reaction adopts a mode of directly reinjecting the aeration adsorption reaction wall without exhausting the atmosphere, so that the advantage of no VOC exhaust in the environment is realized. The activated carbon adsorbent is treated by an EFET-WAO skid block device to obtain the cost-saving effect of recycling, and the process has the right characteristics that no waste gas and pollutant are discharged to the environment in the process of finishing low-cost in-situ soil groundwater treatment, so that the advanced level of the clean low-cost soil treatment process is achieved.
In the specific implementation of the method, the pollution range and the pollution depth of the polluted soil are determined after geological survey, and the underground water treatment scheme is determined after the area and the soil treatment scheme are determined. The invention makes four-side isolation walls by drilling and grouting or other feasible modes in a specific polluted water range in the geological exploration, or uses other isolation modes, and aims to prevent the cross contamination of underground water in a polluted area and incoming water in a non-polluted area to cause larger polluted area. A diversion well is arranged at an upstream separation wall of water coming from a polluted area, as much upstream water coming from the polluted area as possible is intercepted and sent to a downstream, a certain amount of upstream water coming from the polluted area inevitably enters the polluted area, a plurality of layers of reaction walls are arranged at a downstream separation wall, the downstream polluted water is guided into a first layer of adsorption reaction wall in the plurality of layers of reaction walls, the water coming from the polluted area needs to be added by a carbon adsorbent, an aeration unit carries out aerobic biochemical treatment, and the walls are provided with a group of aeration spray heads and arranged carbon adding pipelines which are connected to carbon adding equipment on the ground. The volume of the adsorption reaction wall is set after calculation according to the parameters such as the water quantity, the residence time, the mud-water circulation ratio and the like. And the biochemical and adsorbed muddy water mixed water body after meeting the retention time overflows into a clarification and concentration unit wall, and sewage standing and sludge concentration are carried out again. After the deposited slurry in the saturated adsorption reaches a certain concentration ratio, the deposited slurry is lifted by a slurry pump to enter a saturated adsorption slurry-water mixing unit for further treatment. The clarified water body enters a filter unit wall, the micro suspended matters are filtered by a filter medium, the index of the filtered water body can reach the standard of an external discharge environment, and the filtered water body is led into a diversion well to enter a downstream water environment after the index is detected to be qualified.
The polluted water is separated and guided to enter the reaction wall, after a certain time (from a few hours to a few days) of stay, the easily degradable pollutants are degraded by microorganisms and the difficultly degradable organic matters are adsorbed by the aeration adsorption reaction wall, and the adsorbent bottom mud is formed as a result of the action of the easily degradable pollutants and the difficultly degradable organic matters, therefore, the microorganisms can be accumulated on the surface of the particles by taking the adsorbent as a core, and the used adsorbent usually takes powdered carbon as a base material (with lower cost and better effect), therefore, the adsorption sludge is called carbon sludge for short, the carbon sludge is saturated after certain aeration (reaching a certain value of 1-5mg/L of oxygen content) and certain sludge retention time and reflux ratio, the mud-water mixture is lifted to a carbon mud-water mixing tank on land by a mud pump for mixing, and the mud-water mixture which meets a certain mud-water ratio (3-10%) is sent to an EFET-WAO device for treatment. The reaction wall of the clear water layer adopts a filter medium (adopts a certain filter material or filter equipment) and then is discharged out of a downstream water system after meeting the index requirement.
Because the polluted water quality is different, the adopted adsorbents are also different, a main adsorbent and an auxiliary adsorbent are generally mixed according to a certain proportion, one is powder final-stage active carbon, and the other is a substance with redox property for metal ions, and the substances are matched for treating heavy polluted water, so that the problems of organic pollution and metal pollution are solved for a water body.
As shown in FIG. 2, the wet oxidation regeneration WAO is an oxidation regeneration process carried out in aqueous phase, and the typical reaction temperature and pressure are about 190 ℃ to 300 ℃ and 5-10MPa, respectively. The unit flow is that compressed air is injected into the reactor while carbon sludge is fed into the reactor. Oxidizing the sludge attached to the carbon-based adsorbent into inorganic matters under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, wherein the carbon-based adsorbent is not damaged, recovers the activity and returns to the biochemical pool or the adsorption unit for reuse. The saturated carbon mud from the carbon mud-water mixing tank is lifted by a pump to enter a waste carbon storage tank, is pressurized by a high-pressure pump, sequentially passes through a material inlet heat exchanger and a material outlet heat exchanger and a heater, is heated and enters a WAO reactor, and reacts with air (injected by an air compressor) in the reactor, so that a carbon adsorbent in the waste carbon mud is regenerated. The regenerated adsorbent and the feeding carbon mud are subjected to heat exchange through the heat exchanger to reduce energy consumption and reduce the temperature of reaction discharging. The discharged material of the heat exchanger enters an adsorbent regeneration storage tank after being decompressed by a pressure control valve. Steam discharged from the top of the carbon adsorbent regeneration storage tank is washed by water in a washer and then is introduced into the biochemical pool by an air blower. The regenerated carbon adsorbent is lifted to a carbon adsorbent aeration adding reaction tank by a pump, and the amount of the regenerated adsorbent entering the system is controlled by a flow control valve. The ineffective adsorbent with little loss in the regeneration process is lifted to a centrifuge feeding tank by a pump in the process flow and is treated after mechanical dehydration.
When the EFET-WAO is started, the heat energy of heat conducting oil is utilized for starting, and the system can be maintained to run (self-heating running) by utilizing reaction heat release in normal running. The WAO system is used for recovering carbon adsorbents in sludge in the reaction wall, the carbon-containing sludge is injected with air under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure to oxidize the sludge attached to the activated carbon into inorganic matters, the carbon adsorbents are not damaged and recover the activity, and then the activated sludge is returned to the multi-layer reaction wall for reuse, so that the cost is reduced, and the treated residue ash is mainly inorganic matters and can be directly buried according to common solid wastes. The gas is used for aeration and air supplement. The whole system has no VOC discharging.
The reaction can achieve the following purposes: and the biological solid is destroyed, organic matters adsorbed on the carbon oxide adsorbent are activated and regenerated by the waste activated carbon, and the adsorption capacity is recovered to recover the system.
Introducing the carbon-based adsorbent into the field of soil remediation, and designing a matched multilayer reaction wall for the soil remediation.
The soil remediation process includes analyzing characteristic pollutants in polluted groundwater through a specific test device, finding out the adsorbent with the maximum unit adsorption capacity, introducing the adsorbent into a multilayer reaction wall, setting parameters such as residence time, aeration amount, oxygen content in water, reflux ratio and the like to enable the polluted groundwater to reach the emission index and simultaneously enable the adsorbent to reach the maximum adsorption efficiency, and pumping out the adsorbent saturated for adsorbing pollutants for regeneration and then re-injecting the adsorbent into the multilayer reaction wall to complete the complete set of process for low-cost and efficient treatment of the pollutants in the groundwater.
The process method for achieving two purposes of regeneration of the activated carbon and removal of the pollutants by carrying out high-pressure high-temperature oxidation treatment on the adsorbent for adsorbing the pollutants in a saturated mode comprises the design and manufacture of a process flow, process parameters and a process device.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above, and the description is not intended to be limiting, and the drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In summary, those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. An in-situ soil remediation process for treating underground water based on a multilayer reaction wall technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) the soil remediation task begins: after the polluted soil is subjected to geological survey, the pollution range and the pollution depth are determined, the pollution area and the distribution characteristics are defined, and after the soil treatment scheme is determined, the underground water treatment scheme is determined according to the geological survey result;
2) establishing a separation wall and a separation water guide facility: after the polluted water range is determined in the geological exploration, four-side isolation walls are made, mutual diffusion (forward diffusion and backward diffusion) of pollution in two types of soil layers and continuous release of pollution in soil to a water body are blocked through intervention (modes of injecting colloid substances and the like) on a high permeable layer and a low permeable layer of soil in the isolation walls, and a diversion well needs to be arranged at the isolation wall upstream of water in a polluted area; and a multilayer reaction wall is established on the vertical cross section of the downstream underground water layer of the polluted area, so that the way of the polluted water migrating to the downstream environment is blocked;
3) treating underground water by utilizing a multilayer reaction wall technology: the method comprises the following steps that a multilayer reaction wall is arranged at the vertical cross section of incoming water of a downstream isolation wall, the downstream polluted water is introduced into a first layer of aeration adsorption reaction wall of the multilayer reaction wall, the filler in the reaction wall determines that adsorption materials comprise but are not limited to carbon adsorption materials, ion complexing agents and other components according to the properties of the incoming water, the incoming water is added with carbon adsorbents, aerobic biochemical treatment is carried out through an aeration unit, a muddy water mixed water body meeting the retention time enters a clarification concentration unit wall through overflow, sewage standing and sludge concentration are carried out again, and the unit equipment comprises a plurality of mud pumps, a submersible backflow pipeline and a plurality of agent injection pumps; the upper water body of the second layer of clarification concentration reaction wall overflows into a third reaction wall: a filter wall;
4) the special design of the reaction wall: the arrangement mode of the air nozzles in the first reaction wall and the size and the depth of the open pores of the reaction wall are determined according to the depth and the pollution area of the underground water layer, the internal structure of the reaction wall can adopt a double-layer structure, and the structural design is determined according to the combination tightness and the form of pollutants contained in the soil layer and the soil. The volume of the reaction wall is determined by calculating the flow of the polluted water;
5) circulation of carbon adsorption slurry: carbon adsorption slurry overflows into the second reaction wall through the first reaction wall, and enters the first reaction wall again through a reflux pump after being precipitated for proportional reflux so as to give full play to the adsorption activity of the carbon adsorbent and the biochemical activity of the carbon sludge until the carbon adsorption sludge after being adsorbed and saturated is lifted out by a slurry pump in the second reaction wall and enters an EFET-WAO mixing unit on the ground; the mud-water mixture (carbon mud for short, in the form of liquid with the viscosity of about 100cp, at this time, the water is carbon mud adsorption water) meeting a certain mud-water ratio is sent to an EFET-WAO device for oxidation and regeneration treatment, and the reason for the mud-water ratio is that: the method is required for achieving the self-heating reaction of the EFET-WAO device in the next process, and the oxidation regeneration process can realize the self-sustaining of the regeneration reaction only when the mud-water ratio reaches a certain proportion (a certain value in the range of 2-10%), namely the reaction heat can meet the duration of the reaction process to achieve the maximum energy-saving requirement;
6) the third layer of filter wall filters the water overflowing from the second layer of reaction wall by adopting filter media of a liftable filter bed structure with integrally-filled fillers or other filter equipment to remove a small amount of residual suspended adsorption particles in the effluent, and the water is lifted by a pump to enter an upstream flow guide well after reaching the standard completely and is discharged into an environmental water system; note: the third layer of reaction wall is only a schematic structure, the fourth layer of reaction wall is not excluded in the design, and the essential design requirement is to carry out the final fine processing unit on the effect inspection of the pretreatment unit and the requirement on the environmental emission.
7) Continuous EFET-WAO treatment process of pollutant carbon sludge: the saturated carbon sludge from the carbon sludge water mixing tank is lifted by a pump to enter a waste carbon storage tank, is pressurized by a high-pressure pump, sequentially passes through a material inlet heat exchanger and a material outlet heat exchanger and a heater (is started for use after starting up and is stopped after running), is heated and then enters an EFET-WAO reactor, reacts with air or oxygen enriched air injected by an air compressor in the reactor, the carbon adsorbent in the waste carbon sludge is regenerated, the regenerated hot adsorbent and the cold feed carbon sludge exchange heat through the heat exchanger to enable the cold feed to reach the initial reaction temperature of the inlet of the reactor, simultaneously, the temperature of the discharged material is reduced, the discharged material after heat exchange is decompressed by a pressure control valve and enters an adsorbent regeneration storage tank, gas discharged from the top of the carbon adsorbent regeneration storage tank is washed by water spraying, is introduced into an aeration adsorption reaction wall by an air blower for aeration, the regenerated carbon adsorbent at the lower part of the carbon adsorbent regeneration storage tank is lifted by the pump to a Venturi carbon feeding device in the reaction wall to be fed into the reaction wall, controlling the flow of the regenerated adsorbent entering the system through a flow control valve, wherein the size and the concentration of the flow are determined in proportion according to the concentration of pollutants in the reaction wall;
8) discharge mode of EFET-WAO inorganic ash: part of ash generated in the process of treating polluted underground water is generated after sludge is thermally cracked, part of ash is ash generated after an adsorbent is regenerated and failed for many times, the part accounts for 10% of the total amount, and the part of ash generated by the EFET-WAO device is a nontoxic and harmless inorganic substance generated after high-temperature and high-pressure reaction and can be used as a reaction wall for in-situ landfill after being removed from the bottom of the EFET-WAO reactor.
2. The in-situ soil remediation process for treating groundwater based on the multilayer reaction wall technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the separation wall is used for physically blocking the polluted soil and the environmental soil and the polluted water body from the environmental water body, and the interdiffusion of pollutants in the two soil layers and the continuous release of the internal blocking soil pollutants to the water body are controlled by the intervention of a high permeable layer and a low permeable layer of the soil in the separation wall (different colloid adsorbents are added to be matched with different stratum filling methods for use); the sewage in the polluted area is completely treated by establishing a blocking reaction wall on the vertical section of a downstream water layer of the polluted area.
3. The in-situ soil remediation process for treating groundwater based on the multilayer reaction wall technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the multilayer reaction wall in the step 3) integrates multiple technologies of physical adsorption, biochemical reaction, oxidation reduction, ion exchange and the like, and the treatment problem of different pollutants is solved through the arrangement and combination of the multilayer reaction wall, wherein the aeration adsorption wall is internally provided with aeration nozzles and carbon feeding pipelines which are arranged in groups, and the aeration nozzles are connected to an air blower on the ground; the carbon feeding pipeline is connected to the Venturi carbon feeding equipment on the ground, the aeration heads are arranged to create the effect of countercurrent or concurrent flow of an underground water layer, pollutants are gathered in the adsorption reaction wall to the maximum extent to achieve the purpose of collecting all the pollutants, the volume of the adsorption reaction wall is set after calculation according to parameters such as the amount of water, the residence time, the mud-water circulation ratio and the like, and the side wall opening of the aeration adsorption wall is determined according to the depth of the water layer.
4. The in-situ soil remediation process for treating groundwater based on the multilayer reaction wall technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the adsorbent used in the step 3) is mixed by a main adsorbent and a secondary adsorbent in proportion, wherein the main adsorbent is powder final-stage activated carbon (certain type with particle size of nanometer or micron), and the method is characterized in that the substrate and adsorption performance of the carbon are in one-to-one correspondence to different pollutants. The secondary adsorbent is a substance having redox properties for metal ions.
5. The in-situ soil remediation process for treating groundwater based on the multilayer reaction wall technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the oxidation regeneration process in the step 5) is to inject compressed air or oxygen-enriched air (the oxygen content is 21-30%) while inputting the carbon sludge into the reactor, and the safety consideration that the oxygen-enriched air is adopted instead of pure oxygen is that the right characteristic is the applicable oxygen-enriched proportion. Oxidizing the sludge attached to the carbon-based adsorbent into carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water and other gases and inorganic ash under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, wherein the skeleton structure and the internal pores of the carbon-based adsorbent are not damaged, recovering the adsorption activity again, re-injecting and returning to the aeration adsorption wall for reuse, and the number of times of reuse is not less than 4.
6. The in-situ soil remediation process for treating groundwater based on the multilayer reaction wall technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the EFET-WAO system skillfully utilizes the self heat value of the sludge to carry out oxidation heat release, and the full utilization of the oxidation reaction heat enables the treatment cost of pollutants in the whole soil remediation to be reduced by orders of magnitude. And the treatment mode of tail gas generated by the reaction adopts a mode of directly reinjecting the aeration adsorption reaction wall without exhausting the atmosphere, so that the advantage of no VOC exhaust in the environment is realized. The activated carbon adsorbent is treated by an EFET-WAO skid block device to obtain the cost-saving effect of recycling, the steps have the right characteristics that the polluted underground water is not directly treated, pollutants in the water are adsorbed, concentrated and converted into carbon mud with a calorific value, the final aim of low-cost in-situ soil underground water treatment is achieved, in the process, no waste gas is generated, no pollutants are discharged, and the advanced level of a clean and low-cost soil treatment process is achieved.
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