CN113969776A - Device and method for measuring dryness of underground steam based on overheating method - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring dryness of underground steam based on overheating method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
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Abstract
A device and a method for measuring the dryness of underground steam based on a superheat method belong to the technical field of measurement of the dryness of the steam, and the technical scheme is as follows: the steam dryness-heat meter comprises a heat-insulating layer, a steam inlet, a master control board, a data acquisition and storage component, a high-energy battery pack, an electromagnetic valve and a heating cylinder, wherein the heating cylinder comprises a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, an inductive heater and an elastic driving connecting rod, the master control board, the data acquisition and storage component, the high-energy battery pack and the electromagnetic valve which are sequentially connected are arranged in the heat-insulating layer, the data acquisition and storage component is respectively connected with the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor, the other end of the electromagnetic valve is connected with the heating cylinder, the elastic driving connecting rod and the inductive heater, the heating cylinder is arranged in the heat-insulating layer, and the inductive heater is arranged in the heating cylinder.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of determination of downhole steam dryness in the steam injection process of an oil field, and particularly relates to a downhole steam dryness determination method based on a superheating method.
Background
At present, steam injection thermal recovery is generally adopted in the development of domestic thick oil, and the main process is to inject saturated wet steam into an oil layer to realize the recovery of the thick oil. The monitoring of the steam dryness plays a very important guiding role in the thermal recovery of the thick oil.
The detection technology of the dryness of the steam commonly used in the field production mainly comprises three aspects: thermodynamic, non-thermodynamic, and assay methods.
The thermodynamic methods include a mixing method, a coagulation method, a phase separation method, a heating method, a throttling method, and the like. The mixing method is to mix the sampled steam with cooling water and calculate the dryness of the steam by measuring the inlet and outlet flow and temperature of the cooling water. The condensation method is similar to the mixing method except that the sample vapor of the condensation method is not mixed with cooling water. The phase separation method adopts a separator to separate a gas phase and a liquid phase, and calculates the dryness of steam by measuring the mass of the gas phase and the liquid phase; or a steam sampler is adopted for gravity separation, a liquid water sample is taken out for ion analysis, and the dryness of the steam is measured; or separating a part of single-phase gas from the measured gas-liquid two-phase fluid by utilizing the phase separation characteristic of the T-shaped tee joint, and determining the flow rate and the dryness of the measured gas-liquid two-phase fluid by measuring the flow rate of the part of single-phase gas. The heating method adopts a steam sampler for sampling, and the dryness of the steam is calculated through isochoric heating. The throttling method uses an orifice plate and a critical flow restrictor to measure the dryness of the steam in the pipeline. The steam and air mixing method adopts the filling of non-condensable gas to measure the dryness of the steam according to the thermodynamic principle.
Non-thermodynamic methods include ultrasonic methods, optical detection methods, gamma ray methods, and the like. The ultrasonic method is used for measuring the dryness of steam by utilizing the phenomenon that the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in a gas-liquid two-phase mixture is obviously lower than that of pure liquid and pure gas; estimating the steam dryness by measuring the steam sound distance frequency signal; the dryness of the wet steam is estimated by measuring the sound velocity of the wet steam based on the principle that the sound velocity of the wet steam depends on the dryness of the wet steam. The optical detection method is to detect the dryness by detecting the relation between the refractive index and the dryness by using the water vapor two-phase flow with different reactions of different refractive indexes on an optical interface and adopting the optical fiber sensing technology; according to the attenuation theory of light, an optical probe is adopted to measure dryness; according to the characteristic that the resonant frequency of the resonant cavity shifts along with the change of the dielectric constant of the dielectric medium in the cavity, the steam quality is measured by adopting the perturbation of the microwave resonant cavity. The gamma-ray method is to adopt a neutron densimeter to measure the density of steam in a pipeline so as to calculate the dryness of the steam; the dryness of the steam is detected by radiation. Non-thermodynamic methods have major limitations and disadvantages in engineering applications, and generally, instruments manufactured by such methods are high in cost, are limited by use occasions, and are not ideal in measurement accuracy and service life.
The testing method determines the dryness of the steam by sampling the steam with the dryness to be tested and determining the salt content in laboratory testing water. The testing method is a laboratory detection method, and is not suitable for being made into a real-time measuring instrument on engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of measuring the dryness of the underground steam, the invention provides the following steps: a device for measuring the dryness of underground steam based on a superheating method comprises the following technical scheme: the steam heating device comprises a heat preservation layer, a steam inlet, a master control board, a data acquisition and storage assembly, a high-energy battery pack, a solenoid valve and a heating cylinder, wherein the heating cylinder comprises a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, an inductive heater and an elastic driving connecting rod, the master control board, the data acquisition and storage assembly, the high-energy battery pack and the solenoid valve which are sequentially connected are arranged in the heat preservation layer, the data acquisition and storage assembly is respectively connected with the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor, the solenoid valve is respectively connected with the heating cylinder, the elastic driving connecting rod and the inductive heater, the heating cylinder is arranged in the heat preservation layer, the inductive heater is arranged in the heating cylinder, the elastic driving connecting rod is arranged in the inductive heater, the steam inlet is arranged on the heat preservation layer, the pressure sensor is arranged on one side where the steam inlet is located, and the temperature sensor is arranged on one side where the steam inlet is not located, the elastic driving connecting rod is provided with an upper sealing ring and a lower sealing ring, the upper sealing ring is arranged on one side where the steam inlet is located, and the lower sealing ring is arranged on one side without the steam inlet.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the steam temperature, pressure and dryness data just after entering the heating device are respectively Ts、PsAnd XsWherein T issAnd PsIs a known value, assuming a steam dryness value X'sAccording to TsAnd PsThe density rho of the steam just before entering the heating device can be calculatedmsEnthalpy value hmsAnd a mass m. The calculation formula is as follows:
hms＝X′shg+(1-X′s)hl (2)
m＝ρms·V (3)
ρl＝3786.31-37.2487×(T+273.15)+0.196246×(T+273.15)2-5.04708×10-4×(T+273.15)3+6.29368×10-7×(T+273.15)4-3.0848×10-10×(T+273.15)5 (4)
lnρg＝-93.7072+0.833941×(T+273.15)-0.00320809×(T+273.15)2+6.57652×10-6×(T+273.15)3-6.93747×10-9×(T+273.15)4+2.97203×10-12×(T+273.15)5 (5)
hl＝23665.2-366.232×(T+273.15)+2.26952×(T+273.15)2-0.00730365×(T+273.15)3+1.30241×10-5×(T+273.15)4-1.22103×10-8×(T+273.15)5+4.70878×10-12×(T+273.15)6 (6)
hg＝-22026.9+365.317×(T+273.15)-2.25837×(T+273.15)2+0.00737420×(T+273.15)3-1.33437×10-5×(T+273.15)4+1.26913×10-8×(T+273.15)5-4.96880×10-12×(T+273.15)6 (7)
in the formula, ρlDensity of saturated water in steam, kg/m3；
ρgDensity of saturated steam in steam, kg/m3；
hl-enthalpy of saturated water in steam, kJ/kg;
hg-enthalpy of saturated steam in steam, kJ/kg;
t-temperature of steam, ° C;
v-volume of steam contained in the heating device, m3。
Further, heating the entering steam to a superheated state by using a heating device, monitoring temperature and pressure data of the steam, and judging a hot spot, namely a critical point, wherein the temperature, pressure and dryness data of the steam at the hot spot are Tp、PPAnd XpAnd the heating time t at which the hot spot occurs, are known values, where XpThe steam enthalpy h of the hot spot can be calculated by using the formulas (2), (6) and (7) as 1mp。
Further, the input effective heat Q is calculated according to the heating power W of the heating device and the heating time t of the occurrence of the hot spot, and the formula is as follows:
Q＝r×W×t×10-3 (8)
in the formula, Q-input effective heat when a hot spot appears, kJ;
r-inductance heater thermal efficiency, decimal;
w is the heating device power, W;
t-time at which hot spots appear, s.
Further, the enthalpy value deltah of the steam increase when the hot spot occurs is calculated according to the input effective heat Q and the steam mass m entering the heating devicemThe formula is as follows:
Δhm＝Q/m (9)。
further, using the calculated Δ hmAnd hmpThe enthalpy value h 'of the steam immediately after entering the heating device can be estimated'msThe calculation formula is as follows:
h′ms＝hmp-Δhm (10)。
further, if | hms-h′ms|<0.5, the steam dryness value X 'assumed at the outset is stated'sReasonable, otherwise, reassert X'sRepeating the calculation and determination process; repeatedly calculating until supposing X'sReasonable value and obtained X'sThe value is the steam dryness value just before entering the heating device, namely the steam dryness value of the point in the steam injection well shaft.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention discloses a technology for measuring dryness of steam in a pit by a superheating method, which is to heat steam in a pit shaft to a superheated state, wherein the enthalpy value of the superheated steam and the electric power consumed by heating can be directly obtained, so that the dryness of the steam before heating can be obtained according to the enthalpy value change value of the steam. The invention has reliable technical principle and relatively high measurement precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a steam heating apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for determining hot spots based on monitored data.
Wherein the reference numerals are:
1. the device comprises a heat preservation layer, a main control board, a data acquisition and storage assembly, a high-energy battery pack, a solenoid valve, a steam inlet, a sealing ring group, an upper sealing ring group, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a heating cylinder, an elastic driving connecting rod, an inductive heater, a lower sealing ring group and a connecting rod, wherein the main control board is 2, the data acquisition and storage assembly is 3, the high-energy battery pack is 4, the solenoid valve is 5, the steam inlet is 6, the upper sealing ring group is 7, the pressure sensor is 8, the temperature sensor is 9, the heating cylinder is 10, the elastic driving connecting rod is 11, the inductive heater is 12, and the lower sealing ring group is 13.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a device for measuring dryness of downhole steam based on a superheating method comprises a heat insulation layer 1, a steam inlet 6, a master control board 2, a data acquisition and storage component 3, a high-energy battery pack 4, an electromagnetic valve 5 and a heating cylinder 10, wherein the heating cylinder 10 comprises a pressure sensor 8, a temperature sensor 9, an inductive heater 12 and an elastic driving connecting rod 11, the master control board 2, the data acquisition and storage component 3, the high-energy battery pack 4 and the electromagnetic valve 5 which are sequentially connected are arranged in the heat insulation layer 1, the data acquisition and storage component 3 is respectively connected with the pressure sensor 8 and the temperature sensor 9, the electromagnetic valve 5 is respectively connected with the heating cylinder 10, the elastic driving connecting rod 11 and the inductive heater 12, the heating cylinder 10 is arranged in the heat insulation layer 1, the inductive heater 12 is arranged in the heating cylinder 10, the elastic driving connecting rod 11 is arranged in the inductive heater 12, steam inlet 6 sets up on heat preservation 1, pressure sensor 8 sets up in the one side at steam inlet 6 place, and temperature sensor 9 sets up in the one side that does not have steam inlet 6, be equipped with sealing washer 7 and lower sealing washer 13 on the elasticity drive connecting rod 11, go up sealing washer 7 and set up in the one side at steam inlet 6 place, lower sealing washer 13 sets up in the one side that does not have steam inlet 6.
Wherein each part functions as follows:
insulating layer 1: protecting the internal device;
total control board 2: controlling data acquisition and storage, and switching on and off the high-energy battery pack 4 and the electromagnetic valve 5;
data acquisition and storage component 3: a test data acquisition and storage component;
the high-energy battery pack 4: the power supply system is responsible for supplying power to the main control board 2, the data acquisition and storage component 3, the electromagnetic valve 5, the inductive heater 12 and other parts;
electromagnetic valve 5: controlling the elastic force to drive the connecting rod 11;
a steam inlet 6: the steam enters the inlet of the steam heating device;
upper seal ring group 7: the function of sealing the opening on the heating cylinder 10 is achieved;
the pressure sensor 8: sensing a change in pressure within the cartridge heater 10;
temperature sensor 9: changes in temperature within the induction heating cartridge 10;
heating the cartridge 10: the space of the steam is heated.
Elastic force drive link 11: driving the upper and lower sealing rings to seal or unseal the heating cylinder 10;
the induction heater 12: heating the steam in the heating cylinder 10;
lower seal ring group 13: which functions to seal the lower opening of the heating cartridge 10.
The temperature and pressure testing process of the device is as follows:
a temperature sensor 9, a pressure sensor 8 and a related data acquisition and storage system are arranged in the container, the power is supplied by a battery, and after the ground starts to work, the temperature and pressure data are continuously recorded in the whole process. Steam sealing and heating process: the device sets up operating time on ground, and steam channel is in open mode, and temperature pressure is balanced after arriving the test well section, and work starts, and induction heating starts at that moment, and solenoid valve 5 starts simultaneously, releases spring tension, and connecting rod drive is sealing container from top to bottom instantaneously, accomplishes the sealed and heating process of container.
The technology for determining the dryness of the underground steam by the overheating method comprises two processes as follows:
firstly, the temperature and pressure monitoring in a measuring container and the sealing and heating process of the device are carried out, the heating device adopts inductive heating, and the entering steam can be rapidly heated to an overheat state;
and secondly, judging a hot spot by using the temperature and pressure data of the monitored steam, and reversely calculating the dryness of the steam just entering the heating cylinder by using a theoretical calculation formula.
The theoretical calculation method of the invention is as follows:
the steam temperature, pressure and dryness data just after entering the heating device are Ts、PsAnd XsWherein T issAnd PsIs a known value. First assume a steam dryness value X'sAccording to TsAnd PsThe density rho of the steam just before entering the heating device can be calculatedmsEnthalpy value hmsAnd a mass m. The calculation formula is as follows:
hms＝X′shg+(1-X′s)hl (2)
m＝ρms·V (3)
ρl＝3786.31-37.2487×(T+273.15)+0.196246×(T+273.15)2-5.04708×10-4×(T+273.15)3+6.29368×10-7×(T+273.15)4-3.0848×10-10×(T+273.15)5 (4)
lnρg＝-93.7072+0.833941×(T+273.15)-0.00320809×(T+273.15)2+6.57652×10-6×(T+273.15)3-6.93747×10-9×(T+273.15)4+2.97203×10-12×(T+273.15)5 (5)
hl＝23665.2-366.232×(T+273.15)+2.26952×(T+273.15)2-0.00730365×(T+273.15)3+1.30241×10-5×(T+273.15)4-1.22103×10-8×(T+273.15)5+4.70878×10-12×(T+273.15)6 (6)
hg＝-22026.9+365.317×(T+273.15)-2.25837×(T+273.15)2+0.00737420×(T+273.15)3-1.33437×10-5×(T+273.15)4+1.26913×10-8×(T+273.15)5-4.96880×10-12×(T+273.15)6 (7)
in the formula, ρlDensity of saturated water in steam, kg/m3；
ρgDensity of saturated steam in steam, kg/m3；
hl-enthalpy of saturated water in steam, kJ/kg;
hg-enthalpy of saturated steam in steam, kJ/kg;
t-temperature of steam, ° C;
v-volume of steam contained in the heating device, m3。
Heating the entering steam to a superheated state by using a heating device, monitoring temperature and pressure data of the steam, and judging a hot spot (critical point), wherein the temperature, pressure and dryness fraction data of the steam at the hot spot are Tp、PPAnd XpAnd the heating time t at which the hot spot occurs, are known values, where XpSee figure 2 for details, 1. The steam enthalpy value h of the hot spot can be calculated by using the formulas (2), (6) and (7)mp。
Calculating the input effective heat Q according to the heating power W of the heating device and the heating time t of the occurrence of the hot spot, wherein the formula is as follows:
Q＝r×W×t×10-3 (8)
in the formula, Q-input effective heat when a hot spot appears, kJ;
r-inductance heater thermal efficiency, decimal;
w is the heating device power, W;
t-time at which hot spots appear, s.
According to the input effective heat Q and the steam quality m entering the heating device, the enthalpy value delta h of the steam increased when the hot spot occurs is calculatedmThe formula is as follows:
Δhm＝Q/m (9)
using calculated Δ hmAnd hmpThe enthalpy value h 'of the steam immediately after entering the heating device can be estimated'msThe calculation formula is as follows:
h′ms＝hmp-Δhm (10)
if | hms-h′ms|<0.5, the steam dryness value X 'assumed at the outset is stated'sReasonable, otherwise, reassert X'sAnd repeating the above calculation and determination process. Repeatedly calculating until supposing X'sReasonable value and obtained X'sThe value is the steam dryness value just before entering the heating device, namely the steam dryness value of the point in the steam injection well shaft.
The present invention utilizes the prior art as follows:
sealing the underground high-temperature high-pressure steam container;
testing parameters of underground high-temperature high-pressure steam;
steam thermodynamic theory of computation.
The invention discloses a method for determining the dryness of saturated wet steam by an underground overheating method, which is realized by the invention. The invention has reliable technical principle and relatively high measurement precision.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and their concepts should be equivalent or changed within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A device for measuring dryness of underground steam based on an overheating method is characterized by comprising a heat insulation layer (1), a steam inlet (6), a master control board (2), a data acquisition and storage component (3), a high-energy battery pack (4), an electromagnetic valve (5) and a heating cylinder (10), wherein the heating cylinder (10) comprises a pressure sensor (8), a temperature sensor (9), an inductive heater (12) and an elastic driving connecting rod (11), the master control board (2), the data acquisition and storage component (3), the high-energy battery pack (4) and the electromagnetic valve (5) which are sequentially connected are arranged in the heat insulation layer (1), the data acquisition and storage component (3) is respectively connected with the pressure sensor (8) and the temperature sensor (9), the electromagnetic valve (5) is respectively connected with the heating cylinder (10), the elastic driving connecting rod (11) and the inductive heater (12), heating cylinder (10) set up in the inside of insulating layer (1), inductance heater (12) set up in the inside of heating cylinder (10), elasticity drive connecting rod (11) set up in the inside of inductance heater (12), steam inlet (6) set up on insulating layer (1), pressure sensor (8) set up in one side at steam inlet (6) place, and temperature sensor (9) set up in the one side that does not have steam inlet (6), be equipped with on elasticity drive connecting rod (11) and go up sealing washer (7) and lower sealing washer (13), it sets up in one side at steam inlet (6) place to go up sealing washer (7), lower sealing washer (13) set up in the one side that does not have steam inlet (6).
2. A method for measuring the dryness of underground steam based on a superheating method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the steam temperature, pressure and dryness data just after entering the heating device are respectively Ts、PsAnd XsWherein T issAnd PsIs a known value.
3. The method for superheat-based determination of steam quality downhole of claim 2 wherein a steam quality value of X 'is assumed'sAccording to TsAnd PsThe density rho of the steam just before entering the heating device can be calculatedmsThe calculation formula is as follows:
4. the method of superheat-based determination of steam quality downhole of claim 3 wherein a steam quality value of X 'is assumed'sAccording to TsAnd PsThe enthalpy value h of the steam just entering the heating device can be calculatedmsThe calculation formula is as follows:
hms＝X′shg+(1-X′s)hl (2)。
5. the method of superheat-based determination of steam quality downhole of claim 4 wherein a steam quality value of X 'is assumed'sAccording to TsAnd PsThe enthalpy value h of the steam just entering the heating device can be calculatedmsThe calculation formula is as follows:
m＝ρms·V (3)
ρl＝3786.31-37.2487×(T+273.15)+0.196246×(T+273.15)2-5.04708×10-4×(T+273.15)3+6.29368×10-7×(T+273.15)4-3.0848×10-10×(T+273.15)5 (4)
lnρg＝-93.7072+0.833941×(T+273.15)-0.00320809×(T+273.15)2+6.57652×10-6×(T+273.15)3-6.93747×10-9×(T+273.15)4+2.97203×10-12×(T+273.15)5 (5)
hl＝23665.2-366.232×(T+273.15)+2.26952×(T+273.15)2-0.00730365×(T+273.15)3+1.30241×10-5×(T+273.15)4-1.22103×10-8×(T+273.15)5+4.70878×10-12×(T+273.15)6 (6)
hg＝-22026.9+365.317×(T+273.15)-2.25837×(T+273.15)2+0.00737420×(T+273.15)3-1.33437×10-5×(T+273.15)4+1.26913×10-8×(T+273.15)5-4.96880×10-12×(T+273.15)6 (7)
in the formula, ρlDensity of saturated water in steam, kg/m3；
ρgDensity of saturated steam in steam, kg/m3；
hl-enthalpy of saturated water in steam, kJ/kg;
hg-enthalpy of saturated steam in steam, kJ/kg;
t-temperature of steam, ° C;
v-volume of steam contained in the heating device, m3。
6. The method for determining dryness of steam in well based on superheat method of claim 5, wherein the entering steam is heated to superheat state by heating device, temperature and pressure data of steam is monitored, and critical hot spot is determinedTemperature, pressure and dryness data of steam at the point and the hot spot are Tp、PPAnd XpAnd the heating time t at which the hot spot occurs, are known values, where XpThe steam enthalpy h of the hot spot can be calculated by using the formulas (2), (6) and (7) as 1mp。
7. The method for determining the dryness of the steam in the well based on the superheating method according to claim 6, wherein the input effective heat Q is calculated according to the heating power W of the heating device and the heating time t of the occurrence of the hot spot, and the formula is as follows:
Q＝r×W×t×10-3 (8)
in the formula, Q-input effective heat when a hot spot appears, kJ;
r-inductance heater thermal efficiency, decimal;
w is the heating device power, W;
t-time at which hot spots appear, s.
8. The method for superheat-based determination of dryness of steam downhole as claimed in claim 7 wherein the enthalpy Δ h of steam increase at the occurrence of a hot spot is calculated based on the input available heat Q and the mass m of steam entering the heating meansmThe formula is as follows:
Δhm＝Q/m (9)。
9. the method for determining dryness of steam downhole based on the superheating method according to claim 8, wherein the calculated Δ h is usedmAnd hmpThe enthalpy value h 'of the steam immediately after entering the heating device is calculated'msThe calculation formula is as follows:
h′ms＝hmp-Δhm (10)。
10. the method for determining dryness of steam downhole based on the superheating method according to claim 9, wherein if | hms-h′ms|<0.5, the steam dryness value X 'assumed at the outset is stated'sReasonable and reasonable。
11. The method for determining dryness of steam downhole based on the superheating method according to claim 10, wherein if | hms-h′ms|<If 0.5 is false, then X 'is assumed again'sThe process of calculating the decision is repeated.
12. The method for superheat-based determination of dryness of steam downhole of claim 11, wherein the calculation is repeated until assumed X'sReasonable value and obtained X'sThe value is the steam dryness value just before entering the heating device, namely the steam dryness value of the point in the steam injection well shaft.
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